Had the Martians aimed only at destruction, they might on Monday have annihilated1 the entire population of London, as it spread itself slowly through the home counties. Not only along the road through Barnet, but also through Edgware and Waltham Abbey, and along the roads eastward2 to Southend and Shoeburyness, and south of the Thames to Deal and Broadstairs, poured the same frantic3 rout4. If one could have hung that June morning in a balloon in the blazing blue above London every northward5 and eastward road running out of the tangled6 maze7 of streets would have seemed stippled8 black with the streaming fugitives9, each dot a human agony of terror and physical distress10. I have set forth11 at length in the last chapter my brother's account of the road through Chipping Barnet, in order that my readers may realise how that swarming13 of black dots appeared to one of those concerned. Never before in the history of the world had such a mass of human beings moved and suffered together. The legendary14 hosts of Goths and Huns, the hugest armies Asia has ever seen, would have been but a drop in that current. And this was no disciplined march; it was a stampede--a stampede gigantic and terrible--without order and without a goal, six million people unarmed and unprovisioned, driving headlong. It was the beginning of the rout of civilisation15, of the massacre16 of mankind.
Directly below him the balloonist would have seen the network of streets far and wide, houses, churches, squares, crescents, gardens--already derelict--spread out like a huge map, and in the southward BLOTTED17. Over Ealing, Richmond, Wimbledon, it would have seemed as if some monstrous18 pen had flung ink upon the chart. Steadily19, incessantly20, each black splash grew and spread, shooting out ramifications21 this way and that, now banking23 itself against rising ground, now pouring swiftly over a crest24 into a new-found valley, exactly as a gout of ink would spread itself upon blotting25 paper.
And beyond, over the blue hills that rise southward of the river, the glittering Martians went to and fro, calmly and methodically spreading their poison cloud over this patch of country and then over that, laying it again with their steam jets when it had served its purpose, and taking possession of the conquered country. They do not seem to have aimed at extermination26 so much as at complete demoralisation and the destruction of any opposition27. They exploded any stores of powder they came upon, cut every telegraph, and wrecked28 the railways here and there. They were hamstringing mankind. They seemed in no hurry to extend the field of their operations, and did not come beyond the central part of London all that day. It is possible that a very considerable number of people in London stuck to their houses through Monday morning. Certain it is that many died at home suffocated29 by the Black Smoke.
Until about midday the Pool of London was an astonishing scene. Steamboats and shipping30 of all sorts lay there, tempted31 by the enormous sums of money offered by fugitives, and it is said that many who swam out to these vessels33 were thrust off with boathooks and drowned. About one o'clock in the afternoon the thinning remnant of a cloud of the black vapour appeared between the arches of Blackfriars Bridge. At that the Pool became a scene of mad confusion, fighting, and collision, and for some time a multitude of boats and barges34 jammed in the northern arch of the Tower Bridge, and the sailors and lightermen had to fight savagely35 against the people who swarmed36 upon them from the riverfront. People were actually clambering down the piers37 of the bridge from above.
When, an hour later, a Martian appeared beyond the Clock Tower and waded38 down the river, nothing but wreckage39 floated above Limehouse.
Of the falling of the fifth cylinder40 I have presently to tell. The sixth star fell at Wimbledon. My brother, keeping watch beside the women in the chaise in a meadow, saw the green flash of it far beyond the hills. On Tuesday the little party, still set upon getting across the sea, made its way through the swarming country towards Colchester. The news that the Martians were now in possession of the whole of London was confirmed. They had been seen at Highgate, and even, it was said, at Neasden. But they did not come into my brother's view until the morrow.
That day the scattered41 multitudes began to realise the urgent need of provisions. As they grew hungry the rights of property ceased to be regarded. Farmers were out to defend their cattle-sheds, granaries, and ripening42 root crops with arms in their hands. A number of people now, like my brother, had their faces eastward, and there were some desperate souls even going back towards London to get food. These were chiefly people from the northern suburbs, whose knowledge of the Black Smoke came by hearsay43. He heard that about half the members of the government had gathered at Birmingham, and that enormous quantities of high explosives were being prepared to be used in automatic mines across the Midland counties.
He was also told that the Midland Railway Company had replaced the desertions of the first day's panic, had resumed traffic, and was running northward trains from St. Albans to relieve the congestion44 of the home counties. There was also a placard in Chipping Ongar announcing that large stores of flour were available in the northern towns and that within twenty-four hours bread would be distributed among the starving people in the neighbourhood. But this intelli gence did not deter45 him from the plan of escape he had formed, and the three pressed eastward all day, and heard no more of the bread distribution than this promise. Nor, as a matter of fact, did anyone else hear more of it. That night fell the seventh star, falling upon Primrose46 Hill. It fell while Miss Elphinstone was watching, for she took that duty alternately with my brother. She saw it.
On Wednesday the three fugitives--they had passed the night in a field of unripe47 wheat--reached Chelmsford, and there a body of the inhabitants, calling itself the Committee of Public Supply, seized the pony48 as provisions, and would give nothing in exchange for it but the promise of a share in it the next day. Here there were rumours49 of Martians at Epping, and news of the destruction of Waltham Abbey Powder Mills in a vain attempt to blow up one of the invaders50.
People were watching for Martians here from the church towers. My brother, very luckily for him as it chanced, preferred to push on at once to the coast rather than wait for food, although all three of them were very hungry. By midday they passed through Tillingham, which, strangely enough, seemed to be quite silent and deserted51, save for a few furtive52 plunderers hunting for food. Near Tillingham they suddenly came in sight of the sea, and the most amazing crowd of shipping of all sorts that it is possible to imagine.
For after the sailors could no longer come up the Thames, they came on to the Essex coast, to Harwich and Walton and Clacton, and afterwards to Foulness53 and Shoebury, to bring off the people. They lay in a huge sickle-shaped curve that vanished into mist at last towards the Naze. Close inshore was a multitude of fishing smacks55--English, Scotch56, French, Dutch, and Swedish; steam launches from the Thames, yachts, electric boats; and beyond were ships of large burden, a multitude of filthy57 colliers, trim merchantmen, cattle ships, passenger boats, petroleum58 tanks, ocean tramps, an old white transport even, neat white and grey liners from Southampton and Hamburg; and along the blue coast across the Blackwater my brother could make out dimly a dense59 swarm12 of boats chaffering with the people on the beach, a swarm which also extended up the Blackwater almost to Maldon.
About a couple of miles out lay an ironclad, very low in the water, almost, to my brother's perception, like a waterlogged ship. This was the ram22 THUNDER CHILD. It was the only warship60 in sight, but far away to the right over the smooth surface of the sea--for that day there was a dead calm--lay a serpent of black smoke to mark the next ironclads of the Channel Fleet, which hovered61 in an extended line, steam up and ready for action, across the Thames estuary62 during the course of the Martian conquest, vigilant63 and yet powerless to prevent it.
At the sight of the sea, Mrs. Elphinstone, in spite of the assurances of her sister-in-law, gave way to panic. She had never been out of England before, she would rather die than trust `erself friendless in a foreign country, and so forth. She seemed, poor woman, to imagine that the French and the Martians might prove very similar. She had been growing increasingly hysterical64, fearful, and depressed65 during the two days' journeyings. Her great idea was to return to Stanmore. Things had been always well and safe at Stanmore. They would find George at Stanmore.
It was with the greatest difficulty they could get her down to the beach, where presently my brother succeeded in attracting the attention of some men on a paddle steamer from the Thames. They sent a boat and drove a bargain for thirty-six pounds for the three. The steamer was going, these men said, to Ostend.
It was about two o'clock when my brother, having paid their fares at the gangway, found himself safely aboard the steamboat with his charges. There was food aboard, albeit66 at exorbitant67 prices, and the three of them contrived68 to eat a meal on one of the seats forward.
There were already a couple of score of passengers aboard, some of whom had expended69 their last money in securing a passage, but the captain lay off the Blackwater until five in the afternoon, picking up passengers until the seated decks were even dangerously crowded. He would probably have remained longer had it not been for the sound of guns that began about that hour in the south. As if in answer, the ironclad seaward fired a small gun and hoisted70 a string of flags. A jet of smoke sprang out of her funnels71.
Some of the passengers were of opinion that this firing came from Shoeburyness, until it was noticed that it was growing louder. At the same time, far away in the southeast the masts and upperworks of three ironclads rose one after the other out of the sea, beneath clouds of black smoke. But my brother's attention speedily reverted72 to the distant firing in the south. He fancied he saw a column of smoke rising out of the distant grey haze73.
The little steamer was already flapping her way eastward of the big crescent of shipping, and the low Essex coast was growing blue and hazy74, when a Martian appeared, small and faint in the remote distance, advancing along the muddy coast from the direction of Foulness. At that the captain on the bridge swore at the top of his voice with fear and anger at his own delay, and the paddles seemed infected with his terror. Every soul aboard stood at the bulwarks75 or on the seats of the steamer and stared at that distant shape, higher than the trees or church towers inland, and advancing with a leisurely76 parody77 of a human stride.
It was the first Martian my brother had seen, and he stood, more amazed than terrified, watching this Titan advancing deliberately78 towards the shipping, wading79 farther and farther into the water as the coast fell away. Then, far away beyond the Crouch80, came another, striding over some stunted81 trees, and then yet another, still farther off, wading deeply through a shiny mudflat that seemed to hang halfway82 up between sea and sky. They were all stalking seaward, as if to intercept83 the escape of the multitudinous vessels that were crowded between Foulness and the Naze. In spite of the throbbing84 exertions85 of the engines of the little paddleboat, and the pouring foam86 that her wheels flung behind her, she receded87 with terrifying slowness from this ominous88 advance.
Glancing northwestward, my brother saw the large crescent of shipping already writhing89 with the approaching terror; one ship passing behind another, another coming round from broadside to end on, steamships90 whistling and giving off volumes of steam, sails being let out, launches rushing hither and thither91. He was so fascinated by this and by the creeping danger away to the left that he had no eyes for anything seaward. And then a swift movement of the steamboat (she had suddenly come round to avoid being run down) flung him headlong from the seat upon which he was standing92. There was a shouting all about him, a trampling93 of feet, and a cheer that seemed to be answered faintly. The steamboat lurched and rolled him over upon his hands.
He sprang to his feet and saw to starboard, and not a hundred yards from their heeling, pitching boat, a vast iron bulk like the blade of a plough tearing through the water, tossing it on either side in huge waves of foam that leaped towards the steamer, flinging her paddles helplessly in the air, and then sucking her deck down almost to the waterline.
A douche of spray blinded my brother for a moment. When his eyes were clear again he saw the monster had passed and was rushing landward. Big iron upperworks rose out of this headlong structure, and from that twin funnels projected and spat94 a smoking blast shot with fire. It was the torpedo95 ram, THUNDER CHILD, steaming headlong, coming to the rescue of the threatened shipping.
Keeping his footing on the heaving deck by clutching the bulwarks, my brother looked past this charging leviathan at the Martians again, and he saw the three of them now close together, and standing so far out to sea that their tripod supports were almost entirely96 submerged. Thus sunken, and seen in remote perspective, they appeared far less formidable than the huge iron bulk in whose wake the steamer was pitching so helplessly. It would seem they were regarding this new antagonist97 with astonishment98. To their intelligence, it may be, the giant was even such another as themselves. The THUNDER CHILD fired no gun, but simply drove full speed towards them. It was probably her not firing that enabled her to get so near the enemy as she did. They did not know what to make of her. One shell, and they would have sent her to the bottom forthwith with the Heat-Ray.
She was steaming at such a pace that in a minute she seemed halfway between the steamboat and the Martians-a diminishing black bulk against the receding99 horizontal expanse of the Essex coast.
Suddenly the foremost Martian lowered his tube and discharged a canister of the black gas at the ironclad. It hit her larboard side and glanced off in an inky jet that rolled away to seaward, an unfolding torrent100 of Black Smoke, from which the ironclad drove clear. To the watchers from the steamer, low in the water and with the sun in their eyes, it seemed as though she were already among the Martians.
They saw the gaunt figures separating and rising out of the water as they retreated shoreward, and one of them raised the camera-like generator101 of the Heat-Ray. He held it pointing obliquely102 downward, and a bank of steam sprang from the water at its touch. It must have driven through the iron of the ship's side like a white-hot iron rod through paper.
A flicker103 of flame went up through the rising steam, and then the Martian reeled and staggered. In another moment he was cut down, and a great body of water and steam shot high in the air. The guns of the THUNDER CHILD sounded through the reek104, going off one after the other, and one shot splashed the water high close by the steamer, ricocheted towards the other flying ships to the north, and smashed a smack54 to matchwood.
But no one heeded105 that very much. At the sight of the Martian's collapse106 the captain on the bridge yelled inarticulately, and all the crowding passengers on the steamer's stern shouted together. And then they yelled again. For, surging out beyond the white tumult107, drove something long and black, the flames streaming from its middle parts, its ventilators and funnels spouting108 fire.
She was alive still; the steering109 gear, it seems, was intact and her engines working. She headed straight for a second Martian, and was within a hundred yards of him when the Heat-Ray came to bear. Then with a violent thud, a blinding flash, her decks, her funnels, leaped upward. The Martian staggered with the violence of her explosion, and in another moment the flaming wreckage, still driving forward with the impetus110 of its pace, had struck him and crumpled111 him up like a thing of cardboard. My brother shouted involuntarily. A boiling tumult of steam hid everything again.
"Two!," yelled the captain.
Everyone was shouting. The whole steamer from end to end rang with frantic cheering that was taken up first by one and then by all in the crowding multitude of ships and boats that was driving out to sea.
The steam hung upon the water for many minutes, hiding the third Martian and the coast altogether. And all this time the boat was paddling steadily out to sea and away from the fight; and when at last the confusion cleared, the drifting bank of black vapour intervened, and nothing of the THUNDER CHILD could be made out, nor could the third Martian be seen. But the ironclads to seaward were now quite close and standing in towards shore past the steamboat.
The little vessel32 continued to beat its way seaward, and the ironclads receded slowly towards the coast, which was hidden still by a marbled bank of vapour, part steam, part black gas, %ddying and combining in the strangest way. The fleet of refugees was scattering112 to the northeast; several smacks were sailing between the ironclads and the steamboat. After a time, and before they reached the sinking cloud bank, the warships113 turned northward, and then abruptly114 went about and passed into the thickening haze of evening southward. The coast grew faint, and at last indistinguishable amid the low banks of clouds that were gathering115 about the sinking sun.
Then suddenly out of the golden haze of the sunset came the vibration116 of guns, and a form of black shadows moving. Everyone struggled to the rail of the steamer and peered into the blinding furnace of the west, but nothing was to be distinguished117 clearly. A mass of smoke rose slanting118 and barred the face of the sun. The steamboat throbbed119 on its way through an interminable suspense120.
The sun sank into grey clouds, the sky flushed and darkened, the evening star trembled into sight. It was deep twilight121 when the captain cried out and pointed122. My brother strained his eyes. Something rushed up into the sky out of the greyness--rushed slantingly upward and very swiftly into the luminous123 clearness above the clouds in the western sky; something flat and broad, and very large, that swept round in a vast curve, grew smaller, sank slowly, and vanished again into the grey mystery of the night. And as it flew it rained down darkness upon the land.
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1
annihilated
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| v.（彻底）消灭( annihilate的过去式和过去分词 )；使无效；废止；彻底击溃 | |
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eastward
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| adv.向东；adj.向东的；n.东方，东部 | |
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frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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rout
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| n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮 | |
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northward
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| adv.向北；n.北方的地区 | |
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tangled
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| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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maze
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| n.迷宫，八阵图，混乱，迷惑 | |
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stippled
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| v.加点、绘斑，加粒( stipple的过去式和过去分词 )；（把油漆、水泥等的表面）弄粗糙 | |
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fugitives
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| n.亡命者，逃命者( fugitive的名词复数 ) | |
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distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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swarm
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| n.(昆虫)等一大群；vi.成群飞舞；蜂拥而入 | |
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swarming
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| 密集( swarm的现在分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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legendary
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| adj.传奇（中）的，闻名遐迩的；n.传奇（文学） | |
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civilisation
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| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
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massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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blotted
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| 涂污( blot的过去式和过去分词 )； （用吸墨纸）吸干 | |
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monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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steadily
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| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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incessantly
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| ad.不停地 | |
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ramifications
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| n.结果，后果( ramification的名词复数 ) | |
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ram
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| (random access memory)随机存取存储器 | |
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banking
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| n.银行业，银行学，金融业 | |
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crest
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| n.顶点；饰章；羽冠；vt.达到顶点；vi.形成浪尖 | |
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blotting
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| 吸墨水纸 | |
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extermination
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| n.消灭，根绝 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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wrecked
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| adj.失事的，遇难的 | |
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suffocated
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| （使某人）窒息而死( suffocate的过去式和过去分词 )； （将某人）闷死； 让人感觉闷热； 憋气 | |
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shipping
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| n.船运（发货，运输，乘船） | |
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tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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barges
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| 驳船( barge的名词复数 ) | |
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savagely
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| adv. 野蛮地，残酷地 | |
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swarmed
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| 密集( swarm的过去式和过去分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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piers
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| n.水上平台( pier的名词复数 )；（常设有娱乐场所的）突堤；柱子；墙墩 | |
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waded
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| （从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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wreckage
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| n.（失事飞机等的）残骸，破坏，毁坏 | |
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cylinder
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| n.圆筒，柱(面)，汽缸 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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ripening
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| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的现在分词 )；熟化；熟成 | |
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43
hearsay
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| n.谣传，风闻 | |
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congestion
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| n.阻塞，消化不良 | |
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deter
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| vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住 | |
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primrose
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| n.樱草，最佳部分， | |
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unripe
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| adj.未成熟的；n.未成熟 | |
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pony
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| adj.小型的；n.小马 | |
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rumours
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| n.传闻( rumour的名词复数 )；风闻；谣言；谣传 | |
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invaders
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| 入侵者，侵略者，侵入物( invader的名词复数 ) | |
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deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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52
furtive
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| adj.鬼鬼崇崇的，偷偷摸摸的 | |
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53
foulness
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| n. 纠缠, 卑鄙 | |
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54
smack
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| vt.拍，打，掴；咂嘴；vi.含有…意味；n.拍 | |
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55
smacks
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| 掌掴（声）( smack的名词复数 )； 海洛因； （打的）一拳； 打巴掌 | |
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56
scotch
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| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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57
filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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petroleum
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| n.原油，石油 | |
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dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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warship
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| n.军舰，战舰 | |
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hovered
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| 鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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estuary
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| n.河口，江口 | |
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vigilant
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| adj.警觉的，警戒的，警惕的 | |
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hysterical
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| adj.情绪异常激动的，歇斯底里般的 | |
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depressed
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| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
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albeit
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| conj.即使；纵使；虽然 | |
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exorbitant
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| adj.过分的；过度的 | |
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contrived
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| adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的 | |
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expended
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| v.花费( expend的过去式和过去分词 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽 | |
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hoisted
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| 把…吊起，升起( hoist的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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funnels
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| 漏斗( funnel的名词复数 )； （轮船，火车等的）烟囱 | |
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reverted
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| 恢复( revert的过去式和过去分词 )； 重提； 回到…上； 归还 | |
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haze
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| n.霾，烟雾；懵懂，迷糊；vi.(over)变模糊 | |
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hazy
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| adj.有薄雾的，朦胧的；不肯定的，模糊的 | |
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bulwarks
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| n.堡垒( bulwark的名词复数 )；保障；支柱；舷墙 | |
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leisurely
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| adj.悠闲的；从容的，慢慢的 | |
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parody
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| n.打油诗文，诙谐的改编诗文，拙劣的模仿；v.拙劣模仿，作模仿诗文 | |
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deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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wading
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| （从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的现在分词 ) | |
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crouch
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| v.蹲伏，蜷缩，低头弯腰；n.蹲伏 | |
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stunted
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| adj.矮小的；发育迟缓的 | |
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halfway
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| adj.中途的，不彻底的，部分的；adv.半路地，在中途，在半途 | |
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intercept
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| vt.拦截，截住，截击 | |
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throbbing
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| a. 跳动的,悸动的 | |
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exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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foam
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| v./n.泡沫，起泡沫 | |
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receded
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的过去式和过去分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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writhing
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| （因极度痛苦而）扭动或翻滚( writhe的现在分词 ) | |
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steamships
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| n.汽船，大轮船( steamship的名词复数 ) | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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trampling
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| 踩( trample的现在分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯 | |
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spat
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| n.口角，掌击；v.发出呼噜呼噜声 | |
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torpedo
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| n.水雷，地雷；v.用鱼雷破坏 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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antagonist
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| n.敌人，对抗者，对手 | |
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astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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receding
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的现在分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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generator
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| n.发电机，发生器 | |
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obliquely
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| adv.斜； 倾斜； 间接； 不光明正大 | |
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flicker
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| vi./n.闪烁，摇曳，闪现 | |
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104
reek
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| v.发出臭气；n.恶臭 | |
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heeded
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| v.听某人的劝告，听从( heed的过去式和过去分词 )；变平，使（某物）变平( flatten的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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collapse
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| vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷 | |
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tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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108
spouting
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| n.水落管系统v.（指液体）喷出( spout的现在分词 )；滔滔不绝地讲；喋喋不休地说；喷水 | |
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steering
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| n.操舵装置 | |
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impetus
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| n.推动，促进，刺激；推动力 | |
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111
crumpled
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| adj. 弯扭的, 变皱的 动词crumple的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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112
scattering
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| n.[物]散射；散乱，分散；在媒介质中的散播adj.散乱的；分散在不同范围的；广泛扩散的；（选票）数量分散的v.散射(scatter的ing形式)；散布；驱散 | |
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113
warships
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| 军舰，战舰( warship的名词复数 )； 舰只 | |
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114
abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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115
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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116
vibration
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| n.颤动，振动；摆动 | |
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117
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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118
slanting
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| 倾斜的，歪斜的 | |
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119
throbbed
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| 抽痛( throb的过去式和过去分词 )； （心脏、脉搏等）跳动 | |
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120
suspense
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| n.（对可能发生的事）紧张感，担心，挂虑 | |
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121
twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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122
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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123
luminous
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| adj.发光的，发亮的；光明的；明白易懂的；有启发的 | |
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