No royal residence can be conceived more desolate1 and less princely than the palace at Debra Berhán, “the Hill of Glory.” Crumbling2 walls of loose uncemented stone, patched in their various breaches3 and dilapidations by splintered palisades, surround a vast assemblage of wattle and dab5 edifices6, of various shapes and dimensions, which are clumped8 together in separate court-yards, without any regard to appearance. Six rude gateways10 on the southern side conduct through as many miry enclosures, lined with troops, and crowded with herds11, flocks, and applicants12 for justice. A paddock, covered with bright green turf, extends in front of the chamber13 of audience. Hoary14 junipers stretch their moss-grown branches fantastically over the lawn; and at the further extremity15 of the enclosure rise the mouldering16 remains17 of the palace of Zára Yácoob.
This monarch18, who was the founder19 of Debra Berhán, is reputed to have been endowed with the wisdom of Solomon, his great ancestor: and the vestiges20 that remain of his abode21, certainly exhibit an order of architecture far superior to that of the present degenerate22 day. It has been composed of large blocks of hewn, though unsculptured, stone; but, in common with every other boasted edifice7 erected23 in the height of Ethiopic splendour, it perished during the reign24 of Nebla Dengel, by the hand of the destroyer Graan. Hatzé Zára Yácoob first attached capital punishment to the continuance of idolatry. He instituted an inquisition, and persecuted25 every one who paid adoration26 to the cow and serpent. Amongst others who underwent execution were two of his own sons-in-law; and he finally issued a proclamation, confiscating27 the lands of those who should thenceforth neglect to carry on the right arm an amulet29 inscribed31 with the words, “I have renounced32 the Devil and all his works for Christ Jesus our Lord.”
Tradition asserts that “the Hill of Glory,” now barren of trees, was in days of yore thickly covered with forest, through which ran a single path. In the beginning of the fifteenth century the founder, who was also styled Constantine, fled into its depths before an invasion of the Ada?el, and becoming bewildered in the intricacies, hurried hither and thither33, exclaiming in his dilemma34, “Ber eza, her eza?” “Where is the road?” Suddenly there shone forth28 over the eminence35 a great halo of light from heaven, which served him as a beacon36 by which to escape out of the labyrinth37. In some of the adjacent swamps are to be seen the ancient remains of decomposed38 timber, and a few venerable junipers still survive within the palace enclosure; but beyond these monuments of antiquity39 the truth of the legend rests solely40 on the name of the river Beréza, a serpentine41 stream winding42 round the foot of the hill, and forming one of the principal sources of the Blue Nile.
Tegulet, “the city of the wolves,” the capital of all Abyssinia in her brighter days, and a spot untrodden by European foot since the visit of Father Alvarez, forms a conspicuous43 feature in the view presented from the village. Occupying a commanding promontory44, round which flows the river Salácha, it is environed by singular bluffs45; and one natural fissure46, visible from a great distance, affords the only practicable ascent47 to the impregnable fortress48, upon which the Galla, in the meridian49 of their power, were unable to make the slightest impression during reiterated50 attempts to carry it by storm. The Alaka of Tegulet is superior also of the celebrated51 shrine52 of Séna Márkos, a saint of the days of Tekla Ha?manót. The monastery53, named after its founder, occupies a similar inaccessible54 fastness, overlooking a part of the valley of the Nile, and the whole of the north and west of Shoa, as far as the chain of lofty mountains which here form the bulwark55 of the Christian56 kingdom.
The view from the village of Etteghe, near Tegulet, is so extensive that it has given rise to a proverb, “From Etteghe is the Echegue or Grand Prior of the Monks57, to be seen at Gondar.” Forty-four rivulets58, corresponding in number with the churches of that city, are said to pay tribute through this district to the Adabai, which sends its waters down the Jumma to the Nile; their short course of little more than one hundred and fifty miles, involving so rapid a declination to the westward59, that nearly all have cataracts60 in some part, and are consequently destitute61 of finny inhabitants. The immediate62 environs of Tegulet are intersected by the beds of rapid torrents63, having high precipitous banks, which afford few accessible roads, whether to man or beast—a fact to which this portion of Shoa may be concluded to have owed its security during the inpourings of heathen and Mohammadan hordes64. Tegulet-wat, “the devouring65 depths,” a fathomless66 abyss yawning on the banks of one of these streams, and described as the habitation of demons67, is believed by the superstitious68 to communicate with the “great water.” It proved the grave of numerous Christian warriors69, who, during the bloody70 contest with the Ada?el, tumbled unexpectedly into its dark bosom71, and were heard of no more.
It was at the close of the fifteenth century that Mafoodi, the bigoted72 king of Hurrur, unfurling the green banner of the Prophet, commenced those devastating73 inroads upon the frontiers of Shoa, which finally led to the dismemberment of the Ethiopic empire, and proved the greatest calamity74 that has ever befallen the country. Under a vow75 that he would annually76 spend the forty days of Lent among the Abyssinian infidels, he overran Efát and Fátigar when the people, weakened by rigorous fasting, were less capable of bearing arms—burned churches and monasteries77, slew78 without mercy every male who fell in his way, and driving off the women and children, sold some into foreign slavery, and presented others to the Sheriffe of Mecca. Alexander, the then reigning79 emperor, was assassinated80 at Tegulet by Za Selássie, commander-in-chief of the royal body-guard, who had been bought over by Mafoodi. The eyeballs of the regicide were seared with a red hot iron; his hands and feet were chopped off; and he was stoned to death amid the curses and execrations of the populace, after he had been paraded on an ass4 in this mutilated condition throughout Shoa and Amhára.
Debra Berhán is one of the principal dep?ts for the numerous royal slaves, the possession of whom casts the foulest83 blot84 on the character of the Christian monarch. A strange clatter85, and a Babel-like mixture of tongues, greets the ear of the visitor, and the features of many races, and of many nations, are distinctly visible among the crowd that throngs86 the gate, although all are alike enveloped87 in the disguising costume of Abyssinia.
The huge black Shankela, with blubber lip and bloodshot eye, is resting for a moment against the broken wall, and stretching a brawny88 limb which might have supported the bully89 Hercules himself. Grinning from ear to ear as his burly neighbour sports some savage90 joke in licence unrestrained, he seizes with a three-horse power his bundle of split wood, which two Amhára could with difficulty raise, and poising91 it like a feather upon his woolly head, walks away in all the vigour92 of a young giant.
With his own approving eye the monarch has selected this specimen93 from a lot of powerful negroes captured beyond the Nile, and fifteen silver crowns must not be lightly squandered94 even by the great sovereign of Southern Abyssinia. Rations81 are well supplied to support his sinewy95 form, and unless on a cold raw day, when the soaking rain has penetrated96 every thread of his black blanket, and his shivering frame brings vividly97 to mind the difference of climate, the enslaved pagan, in his present condition, as hewer in the royal forests, enjoys himself fully98 as well as if ranging in savage liberty over his own free country of the sun.
Not so the scowling99 Galla who follows in his rear. The spirit of roving independence is still unsubdued in his fiery100 eye; and the slender figure and the bent101 leg proclaim the wild rider of the grassy102 plain. Heavy and heartbroken he plods103 along under a burthen to which his strength is quite inadequate104; and the groan105 escapes from his lips as the bitter thoughts enter his soul of the disgraceful lash106 of the task-master, that perhaps awaits his return, and he remembers the lost wife and little ones whom he has for ever left on the distant savannahs of the Háwash.
Issuing from the gateway9 under the authority of a bloated eunuch, a numerous flock of brown damsels take their way to the river. Heavy earthen jars are slung107 over their slender backs, and the light forms of the unfortunates are little concealed108 by their torn and scanty109 attire110. These are newly purchased Christians111 from the last Guráguê caravan112, and the language of the Amhára is still strange to their ear. Garlands of the yellow buttercup deck the plaited raven113 locks of each captive maid, and a plaintive114 song is chanted in soft mellow115 notes to beguile116 the hours of toil117. But the lines of slavery have already found place among their youthful features, which possess beauty unknown to those of their oppressors. The low chorus swelling118 mournful and piteous from the band, has recalled thoughts of home and liberty to the joyless breast; and the sad tear is brushed from the long dark eye-lash at the recollection of happier hours spent in their own sweet land of spices.
Following close behind comes a group of favoured dames119 of a certain age, from whose minds time has effaced120 all remembrance of country and of kindred. Exalted121 to the post of mistresses of the royal brewery122, and decked out like the first ladies of the land, in flowing garments resplendent with crimson123 stripes, they have little reason to wish for a change of condition. Bars and studs of solid silver load their perforated ears, and ponderous124 pewter bangles encircle each wrist and ankle. Their wigs125, arranged according to the most becoming fashion, in minute rows of tiny curls, glisten126 under a coat of butter, and their fat cheeks, plastered with grease and red pigment127, are calculated to strike respect into the heart of the most indifferent beholder128. Their unceasing clack and clatter tell the tale of the wonted freedom of female tongue, but the small jar with the green branch protruding129 from the narrow neck, is strapped130 over the breast with the thong131 of slavery; and the attending eunuch, with his long thin wand—an emblem132 of his own withered133 person—proclaims the fact that the ladies cannot roam at pleasure over the verdant134 mead135, but must restrict themselves in the beaten path according to the cracked voice of their driver.
Seated upon a gaily136 caparisoned mule30, amidst the jingling137 of bells and brass138 ornaments139, the general of the gun-men proceeds in state across the green parade. He is attired140 in the richest garments that the land can produce. A glaring cloth of red silk is wound about his brow, a silver sword decorates his right side, and fifty robed followers141 attend his every behest. But he too is a slave, as was his father before him, and as his son will be after him. All the bones and sinews of his attendants are the purchased property of the monarch, and it is only by the imperial will and pleasure, which may be changed to-morrow, that he is now ambling142 in chintz and satin to dine at the royal board, instead of holding place in the foremost group, with a black blanket over his shoulder, and a load of wood upon his head for fuel in the royal kitchen.
Here comes a demure143 damsel from the harem, disfigured by all the foul82 garments and native filth144 which delight the inhabitant of Shoa. It is Wuletta Georgis, one of Her Majesty’s confidential145 slaves, and she is revolving146 in her mind, how, in executing her mistress’s commission, she can contrive147 to promote her own interests. Born and bred in the palace, the Abigail is ordinarily treated with kindness, unless the fracture of a brittle148 decanter, or the unbidden attack upon some savoury dish, involve a little wholesome149 correction. Unlike the philosophical150 maid in Rasselas, who had broken the porcelain151 cup, she needs pecuniary152 aid, and thus is her request sobbed154 out: “Only one dollar to replace the queen’s looking-glass, and may God reward you!” But the sob153 is evidently assumed for the occasion, and a sly glance may be detected in the corner of her cunning eye, to observe the effect of her false appeal. The full price of the fractured mirror has already been received from three several individuals, and her mistress will assuredly confiscate155 the profits; but the tenure156 of property during even one short half hour possesses charms irresistible157, and the poor girl falls prostrate158 on the ground as the silver is dropped into her unwashed fingers.
A last group is straggling through the gateway. The aged159 and the infirm, who can still perform a light task, have just received their daily dole160 from the royal storehouse at the niggard hand of the pampered161 steward162. The vigour of their youth has been expended163 in the service of the despot, and now, in the evening of life, their original scanty pittance164 is yet further reduced. A wistful glance is cast upon the handful of raw barley165, which must content them for the day. Hunger and destitution166 are painfully portrayed167 in the deep furrows168 of each withered face, and the shrunken limb totters169 as the keen wind whistles through the wet folds of the tattered170 goat-skin girdle, which reaches barely to the knee. No fostering hand awaits their return to the cheerless hut, to minister in kindness to the necessities of age; and the last closing scene will drop a welcome curtain of repose171 over sinews ground by indigence172 and toil, during half a century of hopeless bondage173.
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1
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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crumbling
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| adj.摇摇欲坠的 | |
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breaches
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| 破坏( breach的名词复数 )； 破裂； 缺口； 违背 | |
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ass
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| n.驴；傻瓜，蠢笨的人 | |
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dab
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| v.轻触，轻拍，轻涂；n.(颜料等的)轻涂 | |
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edifices
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| n.大建筑物( edifice的名词复数 ) | |
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edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室) | |
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clumped
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| adj.[医]成群的v.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的过去式和过去分词 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声 | |
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gateway
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| n.大门口，出入口，途径，方法 | |
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gateways
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| n.网关( gateway的名词复数 )；门径；方法；大门口 | |
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herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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12
applicants
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| 申请人，求职人( applicant的名词复数 ) | |
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13
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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14
hoary
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| adj.古老的；鬓发斑白的 | |
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extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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16
mouldering
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| v.腐朽( moulder的现在分词 )；腐烂，崩塌 | |
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17
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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vestiges
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| 残余部分( vestige的名词复数 )； 遗迹； 痕迹； 毫不 | |
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21
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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22
degenerate
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| v.退步，堕落；adj.退步的，堕落的；n.堕落者 | |
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23
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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24
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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25
persecuted
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| （尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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26
adoration
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| n.爱慕，崇拜 | |
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27
confiscating
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| 没收（confiscate的现在分词形式） | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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amulet
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| n.护身符 | |
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mule
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| n.骡子，杂种，执拗的人 | |
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31
inscribed
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| v.写，刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；内接 | |
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32
renounced
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| v.声明放弃( renounce的过去式和过去分词 )；宣布放弃；宣布与…决裂；宣布摒弃 | |
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33
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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dilemma
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| n.困境，进退两难的局面 | |
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eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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36
beacon
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| n.烽火，（警告用的）闪火灯，灯塔 | |
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labyrinth
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| n.迷宫；难解的事物；迷路 | |
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38
decomposed
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| 已分解的，已腐烂的 | |
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antiquity
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| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
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40
solely
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| adv.仅仅，唯一地 | |
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41
serpentine
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| adj.蜿蜒的，弯曲的 | |
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42
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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43
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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44
promontory
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| n.海角；岬 | |
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45
bluffs
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| 恐吓( bluff的名词复数 )； 悬崖； 峭壁 | |
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46
fissure
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| n.裂缝；裂伤 | |
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47
ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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48
fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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49
meridian
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| adj.子午线的；全盛期的 | |
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50
reiterated
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| 反复地说，重申( reiterate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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51
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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52
shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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53
monastery
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| n.修道院，僧院，寺院 | |
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54
inaccessible
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| adj.达不到的，难接近的 | |
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55
bulwark
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| n.堡垒，保障，防御 | |
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56
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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57
monks
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| n.修道士，僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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58
rivulets
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| n.小河，小溪( rivulet的名词复数 ) | |
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59
westward
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| n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西 | |
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60
cataracts
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| n.大瀑布( cataract的名词复数 )；白内障 | |
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61
destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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62
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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63
torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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64
hordes
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| n.移动着的一大群( horde的名词复数 )；部落 | |
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65
devouring
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| 吞没( devour的现在分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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66
fathomless
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| a.深不可测的 | |
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67
demons
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| n.恶人( demon的名词复数 )；恶魔；精力过人的人；邪念 | |
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68
superstitious
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| adj.迷信的 | |
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69
warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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70
bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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71
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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72
bigoted
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| adj.固执己见的，心胸狭窄的 | |
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73
devastating
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| adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的 | |
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74
calamity
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| n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件 | |
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75
vow
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| n.誓(言)，誓约；v.起誓，立誓 | |
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76
annually
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| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
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77
monasteries
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| 修道院( monastery的名词复数 ) | |
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78
slew
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| v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多 | |
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79
reigning
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| adj.统治的，起支配作用的 | |
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80
assassinated
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| v.暗杀( assassinate的过去式和过去分词 )；中伤；诋毁；破坏 | |
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81
rations
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| 定量( ration的名词复数 )； 配给量； 正常量； 合理的量 | |
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82
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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83
foulest
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| adj.恶劣的( foul的最高级 )；邪恶的；难闻的；下流的 | |
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84
blot
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| vt.弄脏（用吸墨纸）吸干；n.污点，污渍 | |
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85
clatter
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| v./n.(使)发出连续而清脆的撞击声 | |
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86
throngs
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| n.人群( throng的名词复数 )v.成群，挤满( throng的第三人称单数 ) | |
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87
enveloped
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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88
brawny
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| adj.强壮的 | |
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89
bully
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| n.恃强欺弱者，小流氓；vt.威胁，欺侮 | |
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90
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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91
poising
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| 使平衡( poise的现在分词 )； 保持（某种姿势）； 抓紧； 使稳定 | |
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92
vigour
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| （=vigor）n.智力，体力，精力 | |
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93
specimen
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| n.样本，标本 | |
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94
squandered
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| v.（指钱，财产等）浪费，乱花( squander的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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95
sinewy
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| adj.多腱的，强壮有力的 | |
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96
penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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97
vividly
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| adv.清楚地，鲜明地，生动地 | |
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98
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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99
scowling
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| 怒视，生气地皱眉( scowl的现在分词 ) | |
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100
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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101
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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102
grassy
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| adj.盖满草的；长满草的 | |
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103
plods
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| v.沉重缓慢地走（路）( plod的第三人称单数 )；努力从事；沉闷地苦干；缓慢进行（尤指艰难枯燥的工作） | |
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104
inadequate
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| adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的 | |
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105
groan
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| vi./n.呻吟，抱怨；(发出)呻吟般的声音 | |
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106
lash
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| v.系牢；鞭打；猛烈抨击；n.鞭打；眼睫毛 | |
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107
slung
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| 抛( sling的过去式和过去分词 )； 吊挂； 遣送； 押往 | |
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108
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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109
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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110
attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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111
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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112
caravan
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| n.大蓬车；活动房屋 | |
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113
raven
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| n.渡鸟，乌鸦；adj.乌亮的 | |
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114
plaintive
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| adj.可怜的，伤心的 | |
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115
mellow
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| adj.柔和的；熟透的；v.变柔和；(使)成熟 | |
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116
beguile
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| vt.欺骗，消遣 | |
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117
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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118
swelling
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| n.肿胀 | |
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119
dames
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| n.（在英国）夫人（一种封号），夫人（爵士妻子的称号）( dame的名词复数 )；女人 | |
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120
effaced
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| v.擦掉( efface的过去式和过去分词 )；抹去；超越；使黯然失色 | |
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121
exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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122
brewery
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| n.啤酒厂 | |
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123
crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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124
ponderous
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| adj.沉重的，笨重的，(文章)冗长的 | |
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125
wigs
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| n.假发，法官帽( wig的名词复数 ) | |
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126
glisten
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| vi.（光洁或湿润表面等）闪闪发光，闪闪发亮 | |
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127
pigment
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| n.天然色素，干粉颜料 | |
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128
beholder
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| n.观看者，旁观者 | |
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129
protruding
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| v.（使某物）伸出，（使某物）突出( protrude的现在分词 )；凸 | |
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130
strapped
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| adj.用皮带捆住的，用皮带装饰的；身无分文的；缺钱；手头紧v.用皮带捆扎(strap的过去式和过去分词)；用皮带抽打；包扎；给…打绷带 | |
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131
thong
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| n.皮带；皮鞭；v.装皮带 | |
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132
emblem
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| n.象征，标志；徽章 | |
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133
withered
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| adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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134
verdant
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| adj.翠绿的，青翠的，生疏的，不老练的 | |
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135
mead
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| n.蜂蜜酒 | |
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136
gaily
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| adv.欢乐地，高兴地 | |
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137
jingling
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| 叮当声 | |
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138
brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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139
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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140
attired
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| adj.穿着整齐的v.使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装( attire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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141
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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142
ambling
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| v.（马）缓行( amble的现在分词 )；从容地走，漫步 | |
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143
demure
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| adj.严肃的；端庄的 | |
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144
filth
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| n.肮脏，污物，污秽；淫猥 | |
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145
confidential
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| adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的 | |
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146
revolving
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| adj.旋转的，轮转式的；循环的v.（使）旋转( revolve的现在分词 )；细想 | |
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147
contrive
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| vt.谋划，策划；设法做到；设计，想出 | |
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148
brittle
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| adj.易碎的；脆弱的；冷淡的；(声音)尖利的 | |
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149
wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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150
philosophical
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| adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的 | |
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151
porcelain
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| n.瓷；adj.瓷的，瓷制的 | |
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152
pecuniary
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| adj.金钱的；金钱上的 | |
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153
sob
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| n.空间轨道的轰炸机；呜咽，哭泣 | |
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154
sobbed
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| 哭泣，啜泣( sob的过去式和过去分词 )； 哭诉，呜咽地说 | |
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155
confiscate
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| v.没收(私人财产)，把…充公 | |
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156
tenure
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| n.终身职位；任期；(土地)保有权，保有期 | |
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157
irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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158
prostrate
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| v.拜倒，平卧，衰竭；adj.拜倒的，平卧的，衰竭的 | |
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159
aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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160
dole
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| n.救济，（失业）救济金；vt.（out）发放，发给 | |
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161
pampered
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| adj.饮食过量的，饮食奢侈的v.纵容，宠，娇养( pamper的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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162
steward
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| n.乘务员，服务员；看管人；膳食管理员 | |
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163
expended
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| v.花费( expend的过去式和过去分词 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽 | |
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164
pittance
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| n.微薄的薪水，少量 | |
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165
barley
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| n.大麦，大麦粒 | |
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166
destitution
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| n.穷困，缺乏，贫穷 | |
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167
portrayed
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| v.画像( portray的过去式和过去分词 )；描述；描绘；描画 | |
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168
furrows
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| n.犁沟( furrow的名词复数 )；（脸上的）皱纹v.犁田，开沟( furrow的第三人称单数 ) | |
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169
totters
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| v.走得或动得不稳( totter的第三人称单数 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠 | |
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170
tattered
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| adj.破旧的，衣衫破的 | |
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171
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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172
indigence
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| n.贫穷 | |
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173
bondage
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| n.奴役，束缚 | |
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