Divided into endless houses, the majority of the independent Oromo tribes, to the south of Shoa, are governed by hereditary1 chieftains; and it is only where the Moslem2 slave-dealer has successfully commenced the work of conversion4 to the creed5 promulgated6 by the Prophet, that this wild heathen race have been brought to bow the neck to the yoke7 of kings. Of this Enárea affords a most striking example, for there one-half of the entire population have abandoned idolatry, whilst despotism has taken root, and flourishes under a line of Mohammadan rulers.
Surrounded on all sides by lofty mountains, this kingdom embraces an extensive table-land, which separates the waters to the north and south, and ranks among the most elevated regions of Africa. Menchilla, stretching from east to north-west, is the principal range, and a spur to the south-west is described as joining the so called Mountains of the Moon. Sáka, the capital, contains from ten to twelve thousand inhabitants, mixed Pagans and Mohammadans, who inhabit houses of a circular form, somewhat better constructed than those of the Amhára.
Sáeed was the son of Ascári, a Mohammadan, and his sister Elikkee wedding a Galla, bore a son, Téso, who was brought up in idolatry, and conquered Enárea. His son Bóko also died a Pagan; but Bófo, “the serpent,” who succeeded on the death of his father, was converted to Islamism by Mootár, his uncle, the nephew of Elikkee. Abba Bókibo, the present and fourth monarch8, is represented to be just and merciful, but his ancestors were monstrous9 and relentless10 tyrants11, who “caused rivers of blood to flow, and slew12 the people like cows.” Arrayed in a black mantle13 of goat’s hair, His Majesty14 dispenses15 justice in the market-place, sitting on the trunk of a tree with a bullock’s hide spread beneath his feet. Sáka contains upwards16 of one thousand moolahs; but in the absence of mosques17, prayers are held at the tomb of Bófo, the first convert to the faith. Twice during each year, great military expeditions are undertaken, which rarely extend beyond eight or ten days. Every soldier carries a small supply of bread, and trusts for further subsistence to pillage19 and plunder20. Many bloody21 battles are annually22 fought with the surrounding tribes, and wide tracts23 of country thus annexed24 to the royal possessions.
The Agállo, Yelloo, Betcho, Sudécha, Chora, and Nono, are all subject to the Suppéra, or king, of Enárea, whose sway extends to the Sóddo, Metta, and Maleema Galla, about the sources of the Háwash, which rises in Adda-Berga. Limmoo, whereof the capital is Sobitcha, is a province annexed of old to Enárea; and Abba Bókibo, desirous of subjugating25 Gooderoo, and the countries to the north as far as the Nile, sent to propose an alliance with Dedjasmach Góshoo, the ruler of Gojam. “You sell slaves,” was the reply of the Christian26 potentate27, “and are a Mohammadan to boot. It cannot be.” One hundred horns of civet and fifty female slaves which had been sent by the Suppéra, were nevertheless accepted, and thirty matchlocks, with persons versed28 in the use of firearms, were forwarded in return.
Little sickness of any sort prevails, and mendicants, the pest of Abyssinia, are said to be unknown in the land. The wild vine flourishes, and bears abundance of grapes. The “gosso” tree, which attains30 a vast height, is covered during the season with delicious berries, and is ascended31 by means of the tendrils of the vine bound around the stem. Coffee grows wild in every wood, to the height of eight and ten feet, and bends under the load of fruit. A large skin full is purchased for twopence-halfpenny sterling33, and the decoction, prepared as in Europe, is invariably presented to the stranger, as is an infusion34 of the “chaat,” a coarse species of the tea-plant, which there flourishes spontaneously, and is cultivated in Shoa.
The civet cat is a native of Enárea, and being caught in gins, is kept in the house and fed on meat and boiled maize36. The cages are daily placed before the fire preparatory to the operation of removing the secretion37, which is performed with a wooden spoon. A lump about the size of a small filbert is yielded at each baking, and it forms a considerable article of export. Myrrh and frankincense are also produced in great quantities, and are employed in religious ceremonies, burnt sacrifices of incense38 being made to the guardian39 genius.
Notwithstanding the conversion to Mohammadanism of so large a portion of the population, sacrifices are still made to “Wák” on the festival of Hedár Michael, which, together with the Sabbath, is strictly40 observed by all the Galla tribes. The Woda tree is at Betcho; no woman is suffered to come near it; and under its sacred shade all priests are ordained—even the followers41 of the Prophet placing blood upon it as a superstitious42 oblation43. Thousands upon thousands of the heathen having assembled, the Lúbah sprinkles over the crowd, first beer, then an amalgamation44 of unroasted coffee and butter, and lastly, flour and butter mixed in a separate mess. A white bull is then slaughtered45, and its blood scattered47 abroad to complete the ceremonies, which are followed by eating, drinking, and drunkenness.
Zingero, which is visible from the high land of Enárea, was, until within the last two years, at constant war with the Galla states. Jimma and Limmoo uniting, then overran the country; and having dethroned Amno Zérmud, the occupant of the throne, annexed the ancient kingdom to the dominions48 of Abba Bókibo. It is bounded on the south by a great river called the Gochob. Anger, the capital, is situated49 on the summit of a very high mountain; and the whole country, which sinks to a much lower level, is rich and fertile.
In days of yore, fourteen kingdoms are said to have been tributary50 to the sovereign of Zingero. The succession to the throne was determined51 from amongst the nobles, who, at the demise52 of the monarch, were wont53 to assemble in an open field, when he over whose head a bee or a vulture first chanced to fly was elected by the unanimous voice of the people. Although no portion of the population professes54 the Christianity of Ethiopia, and none of its fasts are observed, the rite55 of circumcision is universal, and the Sabbath is respected, together with the Abyssinian festivals of Kidána Meherát and Saint Michael.
Prior to the conquest of Zingero, no male slave was ever sold,—a practice which is said to have originated in the conduct of one of the daughters of the land. A certain king of old commanded a man of rank to slaughter46 his wife, her flesh having been prescribed by the sorcerers as the only cure for a malady56 wherewith His Majesty was grievously afflicted57. Returning to his house for the purpose of executing the royal mandate58, the noble found his fair partner sleeping, and her beauty so disarmed59 him, that his hand refused to perpetrate the murderous deed. Hereat the despot waxing wroth, directed the lady to slay61 her husband, which she did without any remorse62 or hesitation63, and thus brought odium upon the whole sex, who have since been considered fit only to become slaves and drudges64.
Immediately upon the birth of a male child the mammae are amputated, from a belief that no warrior65 can possibly be brave who possesses them, and that they should belong only to women. This fact is fully3 corroborated66 in the persons of the few prisoners of war who reach the kingdom of Shoa. Since the overthrow67 of the ancient dynasty, the country has been ravaged68 for slaves by all the surrounding states, but few will deign69 to survive the loss of liberty; and suicide is so frequent in captivity70, that the males are hardly considered worth the trouble of exporting.
Human sacrifices have ever been, and still are, frightfully common in Zingero. When carrying off slaves from that country, the merchant invariably throws the handsomest female captive into lake Umo, in form of a tribute or propitiatory71 offering to the genius of the water. It is the duty of a large portion of the population to bring their first-born as a sacrifice to the deity72, a custom which tradition assigns to the advice of the sorcerers. In days of yore it is said that the seasons became jumbled73. There was neither summer nor winter, and the fruits of the earth came not to maturity74. Having assembled the magicians, the king commanded them to show how this state of things might best be rectified75, and the rebellious76 seasons be reduced to order. The wise men counselled the cutting down of a certain great pillar of iron which stood before the gate of the capital, and the stock whereof remains77 to the present time. This had the effect desired; but in order to prevent a relapse into the former chaos78 of confusion, the Magi directed that the pillar, as well as the footstool of the throne, might be annually bathed in human blood; in obedience79 to which a tribute was levied80 upon the first-born, who are immolated81 upon the spot.
Of the independent Galla tribes lying immediately contiguous to Enárea, Góma, under Abba Rébo, is the principal. This king is also a convert to Mohammadanism; and the life of his father having been saved by a vulture, which, according to the legend, plucked out the eyes of a host of Gentiles by whom the royal person was assailed82, he retains a domesticated83 bird, which, with a tinkling84 bell around its neck, invariably accompanies the army on all predatory expeditions. At the termination of the first march, Abba Rébo, with his own royal hands, slays85 a white bull, and if the wild vultures of the air join the trained bird in the repast, the omens86 are esteemed87 to be fortunate.
The Mohammadan Galla tribes, those on the border especially, are uniformly the most savage88 and barbarous. The Alaba are dire60 monsters, and more dreaded89 than the wild beasts, whom they far exceed in ferocity. The cruelties practised by the chief of the Góma are almost incredible. Offenders90 are deprived of hands, nose, and ears; and their eyes having been seared with a hot iron, the mutilated victims are paraded through the market-place for the edification of the populace. The sight of all prisoners taken in war is similarly destroyed; and a stone having been tied about the neck, they are thrown by hundreds into a river formerly91 styled Daama, but now denominated the Chuba, from a belief that its waters are composed solely92 of human blood. It rises in Utter Gudder, where is a tributary tribe called Mergo, subsisting93 entirely94 upon the chase of the elephant and wild buffalo95. In Góma the Moslem faith is universal. Every man is a warrior; and retaining a number of Shankela slaves to cultivate the ground, remains idle himself, unless when engaged in war or in the chase.
The Boono are a republican tribe of Pagans, bordering on Enárea, and who, acknowledging no king, are governed by a council of the elders. Inhabiting lofty mountains to which there is only one accessible road, strongly fortified96 by nature as well as art, none venture to invade this commonwealth97, whilst the Boono make war with impunity98 upon all the surrounding clans99; and, from their signal prowess in the field, are said to be propitiated100 even by the King of Enárea.
Jimma and Mancho are independent Galla tribes under Saana, surnamed Abba Juffár, from the title of his war-horse, which in Ethiopia is usually assumed by the chieftain. From Sáka, a southerly course through these provinces leads, by fifteen or twenty easy stages, directly to the Gochob, above the cataracts101 of Dumbáro, the neighbourhood of which is infested102 by banditti, who lie in ambush103 to kidnap the unwary. The river is crossed by means of rafts belonging to the Queen of Cáffa. They are capable each of containing from thirty to forty persons, and are formed of the trunks of large trees lashed104 together with strips of raw hide, and surrounded by high gunwales of the same construction—the helm being a moveable spar, unaided by oars35 or other propelling power.
Cáffa is the mountainous peninsula formed by the junction105 of the Omo with the Gochob. It is an independent country of mixed Pagans and Christians106, over whom presides Bálee, the relict of King Hulláloo. She is represented to be a young woman of extraordinary energy and ability, very hospitable107 to the rovers who visit her with blue calico, beads108, and trinkets, in return for which she gives cloth and other produce of the country. On the demise of her husband she assembled all the governors of the different provinces, and having caused them to be put in irons, proclaimed herself queen. Her only son Gomárra, “the hippopotamus,” still a youth, leads the army into the field; but she often proceeds with the troops in person, and invariably plans the expedition. Whensoever she moves abroad, her subjects are bound to spread the way with their raiment; and as well during the administration of justice from behind a screen with a small aperture109, as during the public banquet, drums, fiddles110, and flutes111 play incessantly113.
Nyhur, Moyey, Ziggahán, Boora, and Alera, are the principal towns of Cáffa; and the entire rugged114 and mountainous country is covered with thick forests, which also clothe the banks of the Gochob, affording shelter to the elephant, the buffalo, the rhinoceros115, and other wild beasts, in extraordinary numbers. The river is said to take its source in the distant provinces of Bédee Yédee and Goma, and below the cataracts abounds117 in hippopotami, which are much hunted by the natives. Dumbáro, Wurretta, and Tufftee, as also the Golda negroes, who go perfectly118 naked, are tributary to Bálee, and pay chiefly in gold obtained from the hot valleys. The inhabitants of Cáffa reverence119 Friday and Sunday, as do the Galla, and like them celebrate the festival of Saint Michael by a great feast; but their language, which is common to Gobo, Tufftee, and Dumbáro, is quite distinct from that spoken by the Galla nation.
A considerable trade exists with Enárea in slaves and cotton cloths, which latter are to be purchased for a piece of salt value twopence-halfpenny sterling. Coffee is produced in immense quantities, of the finest quality, and tradition points to this country as the first residence of the plant. It was spread by the civet cat over the mountains of the Ittoo and Aroosi Galla, where it has flourished for ages in wild profusion120, and is thence said to have been transported five hundred years ago by an enterprising trader from the opposite coast of Arabia.
Beyond the extensive wilderness121 which bounds Cáffa on the south, are the Doko, an exceedingly wild race, not much exceeding four feet in height, of a dark olive complexion122, and in habits even more closely approximated to “the beasts that perish” than the bushmen of Southern Africa. They have neither idols123, nor temples, nor sacred trees; but possess a glimmering124 idea of a Supreme125 Being, to whom in misfortune—such as any of their relatives being slain126 by the kidnapper—they pray with their feet resting against a tree: “Yere, if indeed thou art, why dost thou suffer us to be killed? We are only eating ants, and ask neither food nor raiment. Thou hast raised us up. Why dost thou cast us down?”
Many natives of Cáffa and Enárea, who for evil purposes have visited the country inhabited by this people, describe the road to it from the former kingdom to pass through forests and mountains, for the most part without population, and swarming127 with wild beasts, the elephant and buffalo especially. From Bonga, distant about fifty or sixty miles, it is ten days journey to Tufftee, the Omo river being crossed midway by a rude wooden bridge, sixty yards in length. Seven easy stages beyond Tufftee is Kooloo, whence the Doko may be reached in one day. Their climate is warm and the seasons extremely wet, the rains commencing in May, and continuing with occasional intermission until February.
The wilderness is principally clothed with a dense128 forest of bamboo, in the depths of which the natives construct their rude wigwams of bent129 canes130 and grass. They have no king, no laws, no arts, no arms; possess neither flocks nor herds131; are not hunters, do not cultivate the soil, but subsist18 entirely upon fruits, roots, mice, reptiles132, ants, and honey. They beguile133 serpents by whistling in a certain note, and having torn them piecemeal134 with their long nails, devour135 them raw; but although the forests abound116 to such an extent with elephants, buffaloes136, lions, and leopards137, they have no means of destroying or entrapping138 them. A large tree called Loko is found, amongst many other species, attaining139 an extraordinary height, the roots of which, when scraped, are red, and serve for food. The yebo and meytee are the principal fruits; and to obtain these, women as well as men ascend32 the trees in numbers, and in their quarrels and scrambles140 not unfrequently throw each other down from the branches.
Both sexes go perfectly naked, and have thick pouting141 lips, diminutive142 eyes, and flat noses. The hair is not woolly, and in the females reaches to the shoulders. The men have no beard. The nails, never pared, grow both on the hands and feet like eagles’ talons143, and are employed in digging for ants. The Doko are ignorant of the use of fire. They perforate the ears in infancy144 with a pointed145 bamboo, so as to leave nothing save the external cartilage, but they neither tattoo146 nor pierce the nose; and the only ornament147 worn is a necklace composed of the spinal148 bones of a serpent.
Great annual slave hunts are undertaken from Dumbáro, Cáffa, and Kooloo; and the dense forests of bamboo, the creaking of which is represented to be loud and incessant112, often prove the scene of fierce and bloody struggles between rival tribes. Wide tracts having been encircled, the band of rovers, converging149, impel150 the denizens151 to the centre. Holding a gay cloth before their persons, they dance and sing in a peculiar152 manner; and the defenceless negroes, aware from sad experience that all who attempt to escape will be ruthlessly hunted down, and perhaps slain, tamely approach, and suffer themselves to be blindfolded153. One hundred merchants can thus kidnap a thousand Doko; and although long prone154 to their old habits of digging for ants, and searching for mice, serpents, or lizards155, the captives rarely attempt to escape. Their docility156 and usefulness, added to very limited wants, rendering157 them in high demand, none are ever sold out of the countries bordering on the Gochob, and none therefore find their way to Shoa.
Nothing that is related of these people, whether as respects stature158 or habits, would seem to be preposterous159 or unworthy of credit, the descriptions given of them differing in no very material points from what is known of the Bushmen of Southern Africa, amongst whom I have travelled. Agreeing in every respect with the type of Herodotus, they are unquestionably the pygmies of the ancients, who describe them as found in tropical Africa; and it is a fact, well worthy160 of observation, that the natives of Cáffa represent their forefather161 Boogázee to have issued from a cave in a forest—a tradition which cannot fail to call to mind the Troglodytes162, who are also mentioned by the father of history as being inhabitants of this portion of the African continent.
It would be beside my purpose to collect and introduce here all that the ancients and modems163 have written to render probable the existence of a diminutive race of men; but it may be worth observing, in addition to what has been adduced above, that Aristotle, in his History of Animals (Book eight chapter 12) professes his belief in the existence of such a race, which he supposes to have inhabited the marshes164 about the sources of the Nile, and to have dwelt, like the Troglodytes, in caverns165. It would appear from this, that some report of the Doko had reached Greece. The great naturalist166 does not fix the stature of the small men of whom he speaks, though he adopts the popular name of Pygmies, because he is led to speak of them while noticing the Homeric fable167 respecting their battles with the Cranes. Homer (Iliad, iii 3, onwards), however, himself, places them near the ocean, where, according to the accounts I received, they are really found. Strabo (Geography xvii 2), who had already imbibed168 something of the spirit of modern philosophy, thought it better to sneer169 than to inquire, and rejected the whole story; though he did not hesitate to believe, contrary to experience, that all the animals of Upper Egypt were of diminutive size. Pliny (Natural History vi 35), whose faith was of boundless170 expansion, could discover no absurdity171 in the supposition, that there existed a race of men twenty-seven inches high, probably because he may have seen individual dwarfs172 who were no larger. He makes, however, one remark which may be worth notice,—namely, that the small race had scarcely any nose at all, but instead, two spiracles above the mouth, which served them in lieu of nostrils173.
But laying aside all these legends, I can discover no absurdity in what is related concerning the stature of the Doko. They are, it is said, about four feet high, in which they resemble the Laplanders, the Samoyedes, and, as I have already observed, the Bushmen. The Naturalist, Commerson (Camus, Notes sur l’Histoire des Animaux d’Aristot, page 405) had heard of a similar people, called Quimos, in the opposite island of Madagascar, though Rochon, and other modern travellers, say they could obtain no information respecting them. Some naturalists174, in this as in most other cases, easily elude175 the difficulty by a bold profession of incredulity. (Virey, Histoire Naturelle du Genre176 Humain, volume ii page 240, onwards.) It would, perhaps, be more philosophical177 to investigate and inquire. Great differences we know exist in the stature of different nations, and it has possibly not been yet ascertained178 what is the smallest or the largest size to which the human body can attain29. That no specimens179 of the Doko race should reach Shoa is remarkable180, and may be deemed suspicious; but the reasons given are not altogether destitute181 of plausibility182; and, at all events, the rumours183 in circulation throughout that part of Africa deserve to be reported, in order that, as discovery advances, they who are destined184 to achieve it may be prompted to careful examination.
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
hereditary
|
|
| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
Moslem
|
|
| n.回教徒，穆罕默德信徒；adj.回教徒的，回教的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
fully
|
|
| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
conversion
|
|
| n.转化，转换，转变 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
creed
|
|
| n.信条；信念，纲领 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
promulgated
|
|
| v.宣扬（某事物）( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 )；传播；公布；颁布（法令、新法律等） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
yoke
|
|
| n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
monarch
|
|
| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
monstrous
|
|
| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
relentless
|
|
| adj.残酷的，不留情的，无怜悯心的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
tyrants
|
|
| 专制统治者( tyrant的名词复数 )； 暴君似的人； （古希腊的）僭主； 严酷的事物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
slew
|
|
| v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
mantle
|
|
| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
majesty
|
|
| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
dispenses
|
|
| v.分配，分与；分配( dispense的第三人称单数 )；施与；配（药） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
upwards
|
|
| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
17
mosques
|
|
| 清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
18
subsist
|
|
| vi.生存，存在，供养 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
19
pillage
|
|
| v.抢劫；掠夺；n.抢劫，掠夺；掠夺物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
20
plunder
|
|
| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
21
bloody
|
|
| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
22
annually
|
|
| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
23
tracts
|
|
| 大片土地( tract的名词复数 )； 地带； （体内的）道； （尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的）短文 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
24
annexed
|
|
| [法] 附加的，附属的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
25
subjugating
|
|
| v.征服，降伏( subjugate的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
|
26
Christian
|
|
| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
27
potentate
|
|
| n.统治者；君主 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
28
versed
|
|
| adj. 精通，熟练 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
29
attain
|
|
| vt.达到，获得，完成 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
30
attains
|
|
| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的第三人称单数 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
31
ascended
|
|
| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
32
ascend
|
|
| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
33
sterling
|
|
| adj.英币的(纯粹的，货真价实的)；n.英国货币(英镑) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
34
infusion
|
|
| n.灌输 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
35
oars
|
|
| n.桨，橹( oar的名词复数 )；划手v.划（行）( oar的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
36
maize
|
|
| n.玉米 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
37
secretion
|
|
| n.分泌 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
38
incense
|
|
| v.激怒；n.香，焚香时的烟，香气 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
39
guardian
|
|
| n.监护人；守卫者，保护者 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
40
strictly
|
|
| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
41
followers
|
|
| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
42
superstitious
|
|
| adj.迷信的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
43
oblation
|
|
| n.圣餐式；祭品 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
44
amalgamation
|
|
| n.合并，重组；；汞齐化 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
45
slaughtered
|
|
| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
46
slaughter
|
|
| n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
47
scattered
|
|
| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
48
dominions
|
|
| 统治权( dominion的名词复数 )； 领土； 疆土； 版图 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
49
situated
|
|
| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
50
tributary
|
|
| n.支流；纳贡国；adj.附庸的；辅助的；支流的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
51
determined
|
|
| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
52
demise
|
|
| n.死亡；v.让渡，遗赠，转让 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
53
wont
|
|
| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
54
professes
|
|
| 声称( profess的第三人称单数 )； 宣称； 公开表明； 信奉 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
55
rite
|
|
| n.典礼，惯例，习俗 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
56
malady
|
|
| n.病，疾病(通常做比喻) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
57
afflicted
|
|
| 使受痛苦，折磨( afflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
58
mandate
|
|
| n.托管地；命令，指示 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
59
disarmed
|
|
| v.裁军( disarm的过去式和过去分词 )；使息怒 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
60
dire
|
|
| adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
61
slay
|
|
| v.杀死，宰杀，杀戮 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
62
remorse
|
|
| n.痛恨，悔恨，自责 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
63
hesitation
|
|
| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
64
drudges
|
|
| n.做苦工的人，劳碌的人( drudge的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
65
warrior
|
|
| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
66
corroborated
|
|
| v.证实，支持（某种说法、信仰、理论等）( corroborate的过去式 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
67
overthrow
|
|
| v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
68
ravaged
|
|
| 毁坏( ravage的过去式和过去分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
69
deign
|
|
| v. 屈尊, 惠允 ( 做某事) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
70
captivity
|
|
| n.囚禁；被俘；束缚 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
71
propitiatory
|
|
| adj.劝解的；抚慰的；谋求好感的；哄人息怒的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
72
deity
|
|
| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
73
jumbled
|
|
| adj.混乱的；杂乱的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
74
maturity
|
|
| n.成熟；完成；(支票、债券等)到期 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
75
rectified
|
|
| [医]矫正的，调整的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
76
rebellious
|
|
| adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
77
remains
|
|
| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
78
chaos
|
|
| n.混乱，无秩序 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
79
obedience
|
|
| n.服从，顺从 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
80
levied
|
|
| 征（兵）( levy的过去式和过去分词 )； 索取； 发动（战争）； 征税 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
81
immolated
|
|
| v.宰杀…作祭品( immolate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
82
assailed
|
|
| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
83
domesticated
|
|
| adj.喜欢家庭生活的；（指动物）被驯养了的v.驯化( domesticate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
84
tinkling
|
|
| n.丁当作响声 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
85
slays
|
|
| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
86
omens
|
|
| n.前兆，预兆( omen的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
87
esteemed
|
|
| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
88
savage
|
|
| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
89
dreaded
|
|
| adj.令人畏惧的；害怕的v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
90
offenders
|
|
| n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
91
formerly
|
|
| adv.从前，以前 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
92
solely
|
|
| adv.仅仅，唯一地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
93
subsisting
|
|
| v.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去( subsist的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
94
entirely
|
|
| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
95
buffalo
|
|
| n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
96
fortified
|
|
| adj. 加强的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
97
commonwealth
|
|
| n.共和国，联邦，共同体 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
98
impunity
|
|
| n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
99
clans
|
|
| 宗族( clan的名词复数 )； 氏族； 庞大的家族； 宗派 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
100
propitiated
|
|
| v.劝解，抚慰，使息怒( propitiate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
|
101
cataracts
|
|
| n.大瀑布( cataract的名词复数 )；白内障 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
102
infested
|
|
| adj.为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v.害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词 )；遍布于 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
103
ambush
|
|
| n.埋伏(地点)；伏兵；v.埋伏；伏击 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
104
lashed
|
|
| adj.具睫毛的v.鞭打( lash的过去式和过去分词 )；煽动；紧系；怒斥 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
105
junction
|
|
| n.连接，接合；交叉点，接合处，枢纽站 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
106
Christians
|
|
| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
107
hospitable
|
|
| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
108
beads
|
|
| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
109
aperture
|
|
| n.孔，隙，窄的缺口 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
110
fiddles
|
|
| n.小提琴( fiddle的名词复数 )；欺诈；（需要运用手指功夫的）细巧活动；当第二把手v.伪造( fiddle的第三人称单数 )；篡改；骗取；修理或稍作改动 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
111
flutes
|
|
| 长笛( flute的名词复数 )； 细长香槟杯（形似长笛） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
112
incessant
|
|
| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
113
incessantly
|
|
| ad.不停地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
114
rugged
|
|
| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
115
rhinoceros
|
|
| n.犀牛 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
116
abound
|
|
| vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
117
abounds
|
|
| v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
118
perfectly
|
|
| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
119
reverence
|
|
| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
120
profusion
|
|
| n.挥霍；丰富 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
121
wilderness
|
|
| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
122
complexion
|
|
| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
123
idols
|
|
| 偶像( idol的名词复数 )； 受崇拜的人或物； 受到热爱和崇拜的人或物； 神像 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
124
glimmering
|
|
| n.微光，隐约的一瞥adj.薄弱地发光的v.发闪光，发微光( glimmer的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
125
supreme
|
|
| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
126
slain
|
|
| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
127
swarming
|
|
| 密集( swarm的现在分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
128
dense
|
|
| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
129
bent
|
|
| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
130
canes
|
|
| n.（某些植物，如竹或甘蔗的）茎( cane的名词复数 )；（用于制作家具等的）竹竿；竹杖 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
131
herds
|
|
| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
132
reptiles
|
|
| n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
133
beguile
|
|
| vt.欺骗，消遣 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
134
piecemeal
|
|
| adj.零碎的；n.片，块；adv.逐渐地；v.弄成碎块 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
135
devour
|
|
| v.吞没；贪婪地注视或谛听，贪读；使着迷 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
136
buffaloes
|
|
| n.水牛（分非洲水牛和亚洲水牛两种）( buffalo的名词复数 )；（南非或北美的）野牛；威胁；恐吓 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
137
leopards
|
|
| n.豹( leopard的名词复数 )；本性难移 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
138
entrapping
|
|
| v.使陷入圈套，使入陷阱( entrap的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
139
attaining
|
|
| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的现在分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
140
scrambles
|
|
| n.抢夺( scramble的名词复数 )v.快速爬行( scramble的第三人称单数 )；攀登；争夺；（军事飞机）紧急起飞 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
141
pouting
|
|
| v.撅（嘴）( pout的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
142
diminutive
|
|
| adj.小巧可爱的，小的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
143
talons
|
|
| n.（尤指猛禽的）爪( talon的名词复数 )；（如爪般的）手指；爪状物；锁簧尖状突出部 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
144
infancy
|
|
| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
145
pointed
|
|
| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
146
tattoo
|
|
| n.纹身，(皮肤上的)刺花纹；vt.刺花纹于 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
147
ornament
|
|
| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
148
spinal
|
|
| adj.针的，尖刺的，尖刺状突起的；adj.脊骨的，脊髓的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
149
converging
|
|
| adj.收敛[缩]的，会聚的，趋同的v.（线条、运动的物体等）会于一点( converge的现在分词 )；（趋于）相似或相同；人或车辆汇集；聚集 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
150
impel
|
|
| v.推动；激励，迫使 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
151
denizens
|
|
| n.居民，住户( denizen的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
152
peculiar
|
|
| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
153
blindfolded
|
|
| v.（尤指用布）挡住（某人）的视线( blindfold的过去式 )；蒙住（某人）的眼睛；使不理解；蒙骗 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
154
prone
|
|
| adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
155
lizards
|
|
| n.蜥蜴( lizard的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
156
docility
|
|
| n.容易教，易驾驶，驯服 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
157
rendering
|
|
| n.表现，描写 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
158
stature
|
|
| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
159
preposterous
|
|
| adj.荒谬的，可笑的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
160
worthy
|
|
| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
161
forefather
|
|
| n.祖先；前辈 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
162
troglodytes
|
|
| n.类人猿( troglodyte的名词复数 )；隐居者；穴居者；极端保守主义者 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
163
modems
|
|
| n.调制解调器( modem的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
164
marshes
|
|
| n.沼泽，湿地( marsh的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
165
caverns
|
|
| 大山洞，大洞穴( cavern的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
166
naturalist
|
|
| n.博物学家(尤指直接观察动植物者) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
167
fable
|
|
| n.寓言；童话；神话 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
168
imbibed
|
|
| v.吸收( imbibe的过去式和过去分词 )；喝；吸取；吸气 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
169
sneer
|
|
| v.轻蔑；嘲笑；n.嘲笑，讥讽的言语 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
170
boundless
|
|
| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
171
absurdity
|
|
| n.荒谬，愚蠢；谬论 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
172
dwarfs
|
|
| n.侏儒，矮子（dwarf的复数形式）vt.（使）显得矮小（dwarf的第三人称单数形式） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
173
nostrils
|
|
| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
174
naturalists
|
|
| n.博物学家( naturalist的名词复数 )；（文学艺术的）自然主义者 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
175
elude
|
|
| v.躲避，困惑 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
176
genre
|
|
| n.(文学、艺术等的)类型，体裁，风格 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
177
philosophical
|
|
| adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
178
ascertained
|
|
| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
179
specimens
|
|
| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
180
remarkable
|
|
| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
181
destitute
|
|
| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
182
plausibility
|
|
| n. 似有道理, 能言善辩 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
183
rumours
|
|
| n.传闻( rumour的名词复数 )；风闻；谣言；谣传 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
184
destined
|
|
| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
| 欢迎访问英文小说网 |