THE whole population of the valley seemed to be gathered within the precincts of the grove1. In the distance could be seen the long front of the Ti, its immense piazza2 swarming3 with men, arrayed in every variety of fantastic costume, and all vociferating with animated4 gestures; while the whole interval5 between it and the place where I stood was enlivened by groups of females fancifully decorated, dancing, capering6, and uttering wild exclamations7. As soon as they descried8 me they set up a shout of welcome; and a band of them came dancing towards me, chanting as they approached some wild recitative. The change in my garb9 seemed to transport them with delight, and clustering about me on all sides, they accompanied me towards the Ti. When however we drew near it these joyous10 nymphs paused in their career, and parting on either side, permitted me to pass on to the now densely11 thronged13 building.
So soon as I mounted to the pi-pi I saw at a glance that the revels15 were fairly under way.
What lavish16 plenty reigned17 around?—Warwick feasting his retainers with beef and ale, was a niggard to the noble Mehevi!—All along the piazza of the Ti were arranged elaborately carved canoe-shaped vessels19, some twenty feet in length, tied with newly made poee-poee, and sheltered from the sun by the broad leaves of the banana. At intervals20 were heaps of green bread-fruit, raised in pyramidical stacks, resembling the regular piles of heavy shot to be seen in the yard of an arsenal21. Inserted into the interstices of the huge stones which formed the pi-pi were large boughs22 of trees; hanging from the branches of which, and screened from the sun by their foliage23, were innumerable little packages with leafy coverings, containing the meat of the numerous hogs24 which had been slain25, done up in this manner to make it more accessible to the crowd. Leaning against the railing on the piazza were an immense number of long, heavy bamboos, plugged at the lower end, and with their projecting muzzles26 stuffed with a wad of leaves. These were filled with water from the stream, and each of them might hold from four to five gallons.
The banquet being thus spread, naught27 remained but for everyone to help himself at his pleasure. Accordingly not a moment passed but the transplanted boughs I have mentioned were rifled by the throng12 of the fruit they certainly had never borne before. Calabashes of poee-poee were continually being replenished28 from the extensive receptacle in which that article was stored, and multitudes of little fires were kindled29 about the Ti for the purpose of roasting the bread-fruit.
Within the building itself was presented a most extraordinary scene. The immense lounge of mats lying between the parallel rows of the trunks of cocoanut trees, and extending the entire length of the house, at least two hundred feet, was covered by the reclining forms of a host of chiefs and warriors30 who were eating at a great rate, or soothing31 the cares of Polynesian life in the sedative32 fumes33 of tobacco. The smoke was inhaled34 from large pipes, the bowls of which, made out of small cocoanut shells, were curiously35 carved in strange heathenish devices. These were passed from mouth to mouth by the recumbent smokers36, each of whom, taking two or three prodigious37 whiffs, handed the pipe to his neighbour; sometimes for that purpose stretching indolently across the body of some dozing38 individual whose exertions39 at the dinner-table had already induced sleep.
The tobacco used among the Typees was of a very mild and pleasing flavour, and as I always saw it in leaves, and the natives appeared pretty well supplied with it, I was led to believe that it must have been the growth of the valley. Indeed Kory-Kory gave me to understand that this was the case; but I never saw a single plant growing on the island. At Nukuheva, and, I believe, in all the other valleys, the weed is very scarce, being only obtained in small quantities from foreigners, and smoking is consequently with the inhabitants of these places a very great luxury. How it was that the Typees were so well furnished with it I cannot divine. I should think them too indolent to devote any attention to its culture; and, indeed, as far as my observation extended, not a single atom of the soil was under any other cultivation40 than that of shower and sunshine. The tobacco-plant, however, like the sugar-cane, may grow wild in some remote part of the vale.
There were many in the Ti for whom the tobacco did not furnish a sufficient stimulus41, and who accordingly had recourse to ‘arva’, as a more powerful agent in producing the desired effect.
‘Arva’ is a root very generally dispersed42 over the South Seas, and from it is extracted a juice, the effects of which upon the system are at first stimulating43 in a moderate degree; but it soon relaxes the muscles, and exerting a narcotic44 influence produces a luxurious45 sleep. In the valley this beverage46 was universally prepared in the following way:—Some half-dozen young boys seated themselves in a circle around an empty wooden vessel18, each one of them being supplied with a certain quantity of the roots of the ‘arva’, broken into small bits and laid by his side. A cocoanut goblet47 of water was passed around the juvenile48 company, who rinsing49 their mouths with its contents, proceeded to the business before them. This merely consisted in thoroughly50 masticating51 the ‘arva’, and throwing it mouthful after mouthful into the receptacle provided. When a sufficient quantity had been thus obtained water was poured upon the mass, and being stirred about with the forefinger52 of the right hand, the preparation was soon in readiness for use. The ‘arva’ has medicinal qualities.
Upon the Sandwich Islands it has been employed with no small success in the treatment of scrofulous affections, and in combating the ravages53 of a disease for whose frightful54 inroads the ill-starred inhabitants of that group are indebted to their foreign benefactors55. But the tenants56 of the Typee valley, as yet exempt57 from these inflictions, generally employ the ‘arva’ as a minister to social enjoyment58, and a calabash of the liquid circulates among them as the bottle with us.
Mehevi, who was greatly delighted with the change in my costume, gave me a cordial welcome. He had reserved for me a most delectable59 mess of ‘cokoo’, well knowing my partiality for that dish; and had likewise selected three or four young cocoanuts, several roasted bread-fruit, and a magnificent bunch of bananas, for my especial comfort and gratification. These various matters were at once placed before me; but Kory-Kory deemed the banquet entirely60 insufficient61 for my wants until he had supplied me with one of the leafy packages of pork, which, notwithstanding the somewhat hasty manner in which it had been prepared, possessed63 a most excellent flavour, and was surprisingly sweet and tender.
Pork is not a staple64 article of food among the people of the Marquesas; consequently they pay little attention to the BREEDING of the swine. The hogs are permitted to roam at large on the groves65, where they obtain no small part of their nourishment66 from the cocoanuts which continually fall from the trees. But it is only after infinite labour and difficulty, that the hungry animal can pierce the husk and shell so as to get at the meat. I have frequently been amused at seeing one of them, after crunching68 the obstinate69 nut with his teeth for a long time unsuccessfully, get into a violent passion with it. He would then root furiously under the cocoanut, and, with a fling of his snout, toss it before him on the ground. Following it up, he would crunch67 at it again savagely71 for a moment, and then next knock it on one side, pausing immediately after, as if wondering how it could so suddenly have disappeared. In this way the persecuted73 cocoanuts were often chased half across the valley.
The second day of the Feast of Calabashes was ushered74 in by still more uproarious noises than the first. The skins of innumerable sheep seemed to be resounding76 to the blows of an army of drummers. Startled from my slumbers77 by the din14, I leaped up, and found the whole household engaged in making preparations for immediate72 departure. Curious to discover of what strange events these novel sounds might be the precursors78, and not a little desirous to catch a sight of the instruments which produced the terrific noise, I accompanied the natives as soon as they were in readiness to depart for the Taboo79 Groves.
The comparatively open space that extended from the Ti toward the rock, to which I have before alluded80 as forming the ascent81 to the place, was, with the building itself, now altogether deserted82 by the men; the whole distance being filled by bands of females, shouting and dancing under the influence of some strange excitement.
I was amused at the appearance of four or five old women who, in a state of utter nudity, with their arms extended flatly down their sides, and holding themselves perfectly83 erect84, were leaping stiffly into the air, like so many sticks bobbing to the surface, after being pressed perpendicularly85 into the water. They preserved the utmost gravity of countenance86, and continued their extraordinary movements without a single moment’s cessation. They did not appear to attract the observation of the crowd around them, but I must candidly87 confess that for my own part, I stared at them most pertinaciously88.
Desirous of being enlightened in regard to the meaning of this peculiar89 diversion, I turned, inquiringly to Kory-Kory; that learned Typee immediately proceeded to explain the whole matter thoroughly. But all that I could comprehend from what he said was, that the leaping figures before me were bereaved90 widows, whose partners had been slain in battle many moons previously91; and who, at every festival, gave public evidence in this manner of their calamities92. It was evident that Kory-Kory considered this an all-sufficient reason for so indecorous a custom; but I must say that it did not satisfy me as to its propriety93.
Leaving these afflicted94 females, we passed on to the Hoolah Hoolah ground. Within the spacious95 quadrangle, the whole population of the valley seemed to be assembled, and the sight presented was truly remarkable96. Beneath the sheds of bamboo which opened towards the interior of the square reclined the principal chiefs and warriors, while a miscellaneous throng lay at their ease under the enormous trees which spread a majestic97 canopy98 overhead. Upon the terraces of the gigantic altars, at each end, were deposited green bread-fruit in baskets of cocoanut leaves, large rolls of tappa, bunches of ripe bananas, clusters of mammee-apples, the golden-hued fruit of the artu-tree, and baked hogs, laid out in large wooden trenchers, fancifully decorated with freshly plucked leaves, whilst a variety of rude implements99 of war were piled in confused heaps before the ranks of hideous100 idols101. Fruits of various kinds were likewise suspended in leafen baskets, from the tops of poles planted uprightly, and at regular intervals, along the lower terraces of both altars. At their base were arranged two parallel rows of cumbersome102 drums, standing62 at least fifteen feet in height, and formed from the hollow trunks of large trees. Their heads were covered with shark skins, and their barrels were elaborately carved with various quaint103 figures and devices. At regular intervals they were bound round by a species of sinnate of various colours, and strips of native cloth flattened104 upon them here and there. Behind these instruments were built slight platforms, upon which stood a number of young men who, beating violently with the palms of their hands upon the drum-heads, produced those outrageous105 sounds which had awakened106 me in the morning. Every few minutes these musical performers hopped107 down from their elevation108 into the crowd below, and their places were immediately supplied by fresh recruits. Thus an incessant109 din was kept up that might have startled Pandemonium110.
Precisely111 in the middle of the quadrangle were placed perpendicularly in the ground, a hundred or more slender, fresh-cut poles, stripped of their bark, and decorated at the end with a floating pennon of white tappa; the whole being fenced about with a little picket112 of canes113. For what purpose these angular ornaments114 were intended I in vain endeavoured to discover.
Another most striking feature of the performance was exhibited by a score of old men, who sat cross-legged in the little pulpits, which encircled the trunks of the immense trees growing in the middle of the enclosure. These venerable gentlemen, who I presume were the priests, kept up an uninterrupted monotonous115 chant, which was partly drowned in the roar of drums. In the right hand they held a finely woven grass fan, with a heavy black wooden handle curiously chased: these fans they kept in continual motion.
But no attention whatever seemed to be paid to the drummers or to the old priests; the individuals who composed the vast crowd present being entirely taken up in chanting and laughing with one another, smoking, drinking ‘arva’, and eating. For all the observation it attracted, or the good it achieved, the whole savage70 orchestra might with great advantage to its own members and the company in general, have ceased the prodigious uproar75 they were making.
In vain I questioned Kory-Kory and others of the natives, as to the meaning of the strange things that were going on; all their explanations were conveyed in such a mass of outlandish gibberish and gesticulation that I gave up the attempt in despair. All that day the drums resounded116, the priests chanted, and the multitude feasted and roared till sunset, when the throng dispersed, and the Taboo Groves were again abandoned to quiet and repose117. The next day the same scene was repeated until night, when this singular festival terminated.
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1
grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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piazza
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| n.广场；走廊 | |
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swarming
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| 密集( swarm的现在分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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5
interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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6
capering
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| v.跳跃，雀跃( caper的现在分词 )；蹦蹦跳跳 | |
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7
exclamations
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| n.呼喊( exclamation的名词复数 )；感叹；感叹语；感叹词 | |
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8
descried
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| adj.被注意到的，被发现的，被看到的 | |
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9
garb
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| n.服装，装束 | |
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10
joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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densely
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| ad.密集地；浓厚地 | |
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12
throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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14
din
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| n.喧闹声，嘈杂声 | |
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revels
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| n.作乐( revel的名词复数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉v.作乐( revel的第三人称单数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉 | |
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16
lavish
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| adj.无节制的；浪费的；vt.慷慨地给予，挥霍 | |
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reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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18
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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21
arsenal
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| n.兵工厂，军械库 | |
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boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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hogs
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| n.（尤指喂肥供食用的）猪( hog的名词复数 )；（供食用的）阉公猪；彻底地做某事；自私的或贪婪的人 | |
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slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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muzzles
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| 枪口( muzzle的名词复数 )； （防止动物咬人的）口套； （四足动物的）鼻口部； （狗）等凸出的鼻子和口 | |
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naught
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| n.无，零 [=nought] | |
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replenished
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| 补充( replenish的过去式和过去分词 )； 重新装满 | |
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kindled
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| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
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warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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soothing
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| adj.慰藉的；使人宽心的；镇静的 | |
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sedative
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| adj.使安静的，使镇静的；n. 镇静剂，能使安静的东西 | |
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fumes
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| n.(强烈而刺激的)气味，气体 | |
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inhaled
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| v.吸入( inhale的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
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smokers
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| 吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 ) | |
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prodigious
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| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
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dozing
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| v.打瞌睡,假寐 n.瞌睡 | |
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exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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40
cultivation
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| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
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41
stimulus
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| n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物 | |
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42
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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43
stimulating
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| adj.有启发性的，能激发人思考的 | |
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44
narcotic
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| n.麻醉药，镇静剂；adj.麻醉的，催眠的 | |
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45
luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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46
beverage
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| n.(水，酒等之外的)饮料 | |
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goblet
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| n.高脚酒杯 | |
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48
juvenile
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| n.青少年，少年读物；adj.青少年的，幼稚的 | |
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49
rinsing
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| n.清水，残渣v.漂洗( rinse的现在分词 )；冲洗；用清水漂洗掉（肥皂泡等）；（用清水）冲掉 | |
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50
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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51
masticating
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| v.咀嚼( masticate的现在分词 )；粉碎，磨烂 | |
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forefinger
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| n.食指 | |
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53
ravages
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| 劫掠后的残迹，破坏的结果，毁坏后的残迹 | |
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54
frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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benefactors
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| n.捐助者，施主( benefactor的名词复数 )；恩人 | |
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tenants
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| n.房客( tenant的名词复数 )；佃户；占用者；占有者 | |
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57
exempt
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| adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者 | |
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enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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delectable
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| adj.使人愉快的；美味的 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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insufficient
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| adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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staple
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| n.主要产物，常用品，主要要素，原料，订书钉，钩环；adj.主要的，重要的；vt.分类 | |
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groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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nourishment
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| n.食物，营养品；营养情况 | |
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crunch
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| n.关键时刻；艰难局面；v.发出碎裂声 | |
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crunching
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| v.嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼( crunch的现在分词 )；嘎吱作响；（快速大量地）处理信息；数字捣弄 | |
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obstinate
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| adj.顽固的，倔强的，不易屈服的，较难治愈的 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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savagely
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| adv. 野蛮地，残酷地 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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persecuted
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| （尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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ushered
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| v.引，领，陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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uproar
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| n.骚动，喧嚣，鼎沸 | |
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resounding
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| adj. 响亮的 | |
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slumbers
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| 睡眠，安眠( slumber的名词复数 ) | |
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precursors
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| n.先驱( precursor的名词复数 )；先行者；先兆；初期形式 | |
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taboo
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| n.禁忌，禁止接近，禁止使用；adj.禁忌的；v.禁忌，禁制，禁止 | |
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alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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perpendicularly
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| adv. 垂直地, 笔直地, 纵向地 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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candidly
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| adv.坦率地，直率而诚恳地 | |
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pertinaciously
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| adv.坚持地；固执地；坚决地；执拗地 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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bereaved
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| adj.刚刚丧失亲人的v.使失去（希望、生命等）( bereave的过去式和过去分词)；（尤指死亡）使丧失（亲人、朋友等）；使孤寂；抢走（财物） | |
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previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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calamities
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| n.灾祸，灾难( calamity的名词复数 )；不幸之事 | |
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propriety
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| n.正当行为；正当；适当 | |
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afflicted
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| 使受痛苦，折磨( afflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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canopy
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| n.天篷，遮篷 | |
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implements
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| n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效 | |
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hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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101
idols
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| 偶像( idol的名词复数 )； 受崇拜的人或物； 受到热爱和崇拜的人或物； 神像 | |
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cumbersome
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| adj.笨重的，不便携带的 | |
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103
quaint
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| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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flattened
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| [医]（水）平扁的，弄平的 | |
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outrageous
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| adj.无理的，令人不能容忍的 | |
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awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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hopped
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| 跳上[下]( hop的过去式和过去分词 )； 单足蹦跳； 齐足（或双足）跳行； 摘葎草花 | |
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elevation
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| n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高 | |
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incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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pandemonium
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| n.喧嚣，大混乱 | |
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precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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picket
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| n.纠察队；警戒哨；v.设置纠察线；布置警卫 | |
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canes
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| n.（某些植物，如竹或甘蔗的）茎( cane的名词复数 )；（用于制作家具等的）竹竿；竹杖 | |
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114
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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115
monotonous
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| adj.单调的，一成不变的，使人厌倦的 | |
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116
resounded
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| v.（指声音等）回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 )；产生回响；（指某处）回荡着声音 | |
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117
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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