LA ROCHE.—CHAMPLAIN.—DE MONTS.
Years rolled on. France, long tossed among the surges of civil commotion1, plunged2 at last into a gulf3 of fratricidal war. Blazing hamlets, sacked cities, fields steaming with slaughter4, profaned5 altars, and ravished maidens6, marked the track of the tornado7. There was little room for schemes of foreign enterprise. Yet, far aloof8 from siege and battle, the fishermen of the western ports still plied9 their craft on the Banks of Newfoundland. Humanity, morality, decency10, might be forgotten, but codfish must still be had for the use of the faithful in Lent and on fast days. Still the wandering Esquimaux saw the Norman and Breton sails hovering11 around some lonely headland, or anchored in fleets in the harbor of St. John; and still, through salt spray and driving mist, the fishermen dragged up the riches of the sea.
In January and February, 1545, about two vessels12 a day sailed from French ports for Newfoundland. In 1565, Pedro Menendez complains that the French "rule despotically" in those parts. In 1578, there were a hundred and fifty French fishing-vessels there, besides two hundred of other nations, Spanish, Portuguese14, and English. Added to these were twenty or thirty Biscayan whalers. In 1607, there was an old French fisherman at Canseau who had voyaged to these seas for forty-two successive years.
But if the wilderness15 of ocean had its treasures, so too had the wilderness of woods. It needed but a few knives, beads16, and trinkets, and the Indians would throng17 to the shore burdened with the spoils of their winter hunting. Fishermen threw up their old vocation18 for the more lucrative19 trade in bear-skins and beaver-skins. They built rude huts along the shores of Anticosti, where, at that day, the bison, it is said, could be seen wallowing in the sands. They outraged20 the Indians; they quarrelled with each other; and this infancy21 of the Canadian fur-trade showed rich promise of the disorders22 which marked its riper growth. Others, meanwhile, were ranging the gulf in search of walrus23 tusks24; and, the year after the battle of Ivry, St. Malo sent out a fleet of small craft in quest of this new prize.
In all the western seaports25, merchants and adventurers turned their eyes towards America; not, like the Spaniards, seeking treasures of silver and gold, but the more modest gains of codfish and train-oil, beaver-skins and marine27 ivory. St. Malo was conspicuous28 above them all. The rugged29 Bretons loved the perils30 of the sea, and saw with a jealous eye every attempt to shackle32 their activity on this its favorite field. When in 1588 Jacques Noel and Estienue Chaton—the former a nephew of Cartier and the latter pretending to be so—gained a monopoly of the American fur-trade for twelve year's, such a clamor arose within the walls of St. Malo that the obnoxious33 grant was promptly34 revoked35.
But soon a power was in the field against which all St. Malo might clamor in vain. A Catholic nobleman of Brittany, the Marquis de la Roche, bargained with the King to colonize36 New France. On his part, he was to receive a monopoly of the trade, and a profusion37 of worthless titles and empty privileges. He was declared Lieutenant-General of Canada, Hochelaga, Newfoundland, Labrador, and the countries adjacent, with sovereign power within his vast and ill-defined domain38. He could levy39 troops, declare war and peace, make laws, punish or pardon at will, build cities, forts, and castles, and grant out lands in fiefs, seigniories, counties, viscounties, and baronies. Thus was effete41 and cumbrous feudalism to make a lodgment in the New World. It was a scheme of high-sounding promise, but in performance less than contemptible42. La Roche ransacked43 the prisons, and, gathering44 thence a gang of thieves and desperadoes, embarked46 them in a small vessel13, and set sail to plant Christianity and civilization in the West. Suns rose and set, and the wretched bark, deep freighted with brutality47 and vice48, held on her course. She was so small that the convicts, leaning over her side, could wash their hands in the water. At length, on the gray horizon they descried49 a long, gray line of ridgy50 sand. It was Sable51 Island, off the coast of Nova Scotia. A wreck52 lay stranded53 on the beach, and the surf broke ominously55 over the long, submerged arms of sand, stretched far out into the sea on the right hand and on the left.
Here La Roche landed the convicts, forty in number, while, with his more trusty followers56, he sailed to explore the neighboring coasts, and choose a site for the capital of his new dominion57, to which, in due time, he proposed to remove the prisoners. But suddenly a tempest from the west assailed58 him. The frail59 vessel was forced to run before the gale60, which, howling on her track, drove her off the coast, and chased her back towards France.
Meanwhile the convicts watched in suspense61 for the returning sail. Days passed, weeks passed, and still they strained their eyes in vain across the waste of ocean. La Roche had left them to their fate. Rueful and desperate, they wandered among the sand-hills, through the stunted63 whortleberry bushes, the rank sand-grass, and the tangled64 cranberry65 vines which filled the hollows. Not a tree was to be seen; but they built huts of the fragments of the wreck. For food they caught fish in the surrounding sea, and hunted the cattle which ran wild about the island, sprung, perhaps, from those left here eighty years before by the Baron40 de Lery. They killed seals, trapped black foxes, and clothed themselves in their skins. Their native instincts clung to them in their exile. As if not content with inevitable66 miseries67, they quarrelled and murdered one another. Season after season dragged on. Five years elapsed, and, of the forty, only twelve were left alive. Sand, sea, and sky,—there was little else around them; though, to break the dead monotony, the walrus would sometimes rear his half-human face and glistening68 sides on the reefs and sand-bars. At length, on the far verge69 of the watery70 desert, they descried a sail. She stood on towards the island; a boat's crew landed on the beach, and the exiles were once more among their countrymen.
When La Roche returned to France, the fate of his followers sat heavy on his mind. But the day of his prosperity was gone. A host of enemies rose against him and his privileges, and it is said that the Due de Mercaeur seized him and threw him into prison. In time, however, he gained a hearing of the King; and the Norman pilot, Chefdhotel, was despatched to bring the outcasts home.
He reached Sable Island in September, 1603, and brought back to France eleven survivors71, whose names are still preserved. When they arrived, Henry the Fourth summoned them into his presence. They stood before him, says an old writer, like river-gods of yore; for from head to foot they were clothed in shaggy skins, and beards of prodigious72 length hung from their swarthy faces. They had accumulated, on their island, a quantity of valuable furs. Of these Chefdhotel had robbed them; but the pilot was forced to disgorge his prey73, and, with the aid of a bounty74 from the King, they were enabled to embark45 on their own account in the Canadian trade. To their leader, fortune was less kind. Broken by disaster and imprisonment75, La Roche died miserably76.
In the mean time, on the ruin of his enterprise, a new one had been begun. Pontgrave, a merchant of St. Malo, leagued himself with Chauvin, a captain of the navy, who had influence at court. A patent was granted to them, with the condition that they should colonize the country. But their only thought was to enrich themselves.
At Tadoussac, at the mouth of the Saguenay, under the shadow of savage77 and inaccessible78 rocks, feathered with pines, firs, and birch-trees, they built a cluster of wooden huts and store-houses. Here they left sixteen men to gather the expected harvest of furs. Before the winter was over, several of them were dead, and the rest scattered79 through the woods, living on the charity of the Indians.
But a new era had dawned on France. Exhausted80 with thirty years of conflict, she had sunk at last to a repose81, uneasy and disturbed, yet the harbinger of recovery. The rugged soldier whom, for the weal of France and of mankind, Providence82 had cast to the troubled surface of affairs, was throned in the Louvre, composing the strife83 of factions84 and the quarrels of his mistresses. The bear-hunting prince of the Pyrenees wore the crown of France; and to this day, as one gazes on the time-worn front of the Tuileries, above all other memories rises the small, strong finger, the brow wrinkled with cares of love and war, the bristling85 moustache, the grizzled beard, the bold, vigorous, and withal somewhat odd features of the mountaineer of Warn. To few has human liberty owed so deep a gratitude86 or so deep a grudge87. He cared little for creeds88 or dogmas. Impressible, quick in sympathy, his grim lip lighted often with a smile, and his war-worn cheek was no stranger to a tear. He forgave his enemies and forgot his friends. Many loved him; none but fools trusted him. Mingled89 of mortal good and ill, frailty90 and force, of all the kings who for two centuries and more sat on the throne of France Henry the Fourth alone was a man.
Art, industry, and commerce, so long crushed and overborne, were stirring into renewed life, and a crowd of adventurous91 men, nurtured92 in war and incapable93 of repose, must seek employment for their restless energies in fields of peaceful enterprise.
Two small, quaint94 vessels, not larger than the fishing-craft of Gloucester and Marblehead,—one was of twelve, the other of fifteen tons,—held their way across the Atlantic, passed the tempestuous95 headlands of Newfoundland and the St. Lawrence, and, with adventurous knight-errantry, glided96 deep into the heart of the Canadian wilderness. On board of one of them was the Breton merchant, Pontgrave, and with him a man of spirit widely different, a Catholic of good family,—Samuel de Champlain, born in 1567 at the small seaport26 of Bronage on the Bay of Biscay. His father was a captain in the royal navy, where he himself seems also to have served, though during the war he had fought for the King in Brittany, under the banners of D'Aumont, St. Luc, and Brissac. His purse was small, his merit great; and Henry the Fourth out of his own slender revenues had given him a pension to maintain him near his person. But rest was penance97 to him. The war in Brittany was over. The rebellious98 Duc de Mercaeur was reduced to obedience99, and the royal army disbanded. Champlain, his occupation gone, conceived a design consonant100 with his adventurous nature. He would visit the West Indies, and bring back to the King a report of those regions of mystery whence Spanish jealousy101 excluded foreigners, and where every intruding102 Frenchman was threatened with death. Here much knowledge was to be won and much peril31 to be met. The joint103 attraction was resistless.
The Spaniards, allies of the vanquished104 Leaguers, were about to evacuate105 Blavet, their last stronghold in Brittany. Thither106 Champlain repaired; and here he found an uncle, who had charge of the French fleet destined107 to take on board the Spanish garrison108. Champlain embarked with them, and, reaching Cadiz, succeeded, with the aid of his relative, who had just accepted the post of Pilot-General of the Spanish marine, in gaining command of one of the ships about to sail for the West Indies under Don Francisco Colombo.
At Dieppe there is a curious old manuscript, in clear, decisive, and somewhat formal handwriting of the sixteenth century, garnished109 with sixty-one colored pictures, in a style of art which a child of ten might emulate110. Here one may see ports, harbors, islands, and rivers, adorned111 with portraitures of birds, beasts, and fishes thereto pertaining112. Here are Indian feasts and dances; Indians flogged by priests for not going to mass; Indians burned alive for heresy113, six in one fire; Indians working the silver mines. Here, too, are descriptions of natural objects, each with its illustrative sketch114, some drawn115 from life and some from memory,—as, for example, a chameleon116 with two legs; others from hearsay117, among which is the portrait of the griffin said to haunt certain districts of Mexico,—a monster with the wings of a bat, the head of an eagle, and the tail of an alligator118.
This is Champlain's journal, written and illustrated119 by his own hand, in that defiance120 of perspective and absolute independence of the canons of art which mark the earliest efforts of the pencil.
A true hero, after the chivalrous121 mediaeval type, his character was dashed largely with the spirit of romance. Though earnest, sagacious, and penetrating122, he leaned to the marvellous; and the faith which was the life of his hard career was somewhat prone123 to overstep the bounds of reason and invade the domain of fancy. Hence the erratic124 character of some of his exploits, and hence his simple faith in the Mexican griffin.
His West-Indian adventure occupied him more than two years. He visited the principal ports of the islands, made plans and sketches125 of them all, after his fashion, and then, landing at Vera Cruz, journeyed inland to the city of Mexico. On his return he made his way to Panama. Here, more than two centuries and a half ago, his bold and active mind conceived the plan of a ship-canal across the isthmus126, "by which," lie says, "the voyage to the South Sea would be shortened by more than fifteen hundred leagues."
On reaching France he repaired to court, and it may have been at this time that a royal patent raised him to the rank of the untitled nobility. He soon wearied of the antechambers of the Louvre. It was here, however, that his destiny awaited him, and the work of his life was unfolded. Aymar de Chastes, Commander of the Order of St. John and Governor of Dieppe, a gray-haired veteran of the civil wars, wished to mark his closing days with some notable achievement for France and the Church. To no man was the King more deeply indebted. In his darkest hour, when the hosts of the League were gathering round him, when friends were falling off, and the Parisians, exulting128 in his certain ruin, were hiring the windows of the Rue62 St. Antoine to see him led to the Bastille, De Chastes, without condition or reserve, gave up to him the town and castle of Dieppe. Thus he was enabled to fight beneath its walls the battle of Arques, the first in the series of successes which secured his triumph; and he had been heard to say that to this friend in his adversity he owed his own salvation129 and that of France.
De Chastes was one of those men who, amid the strife of factions and rage of rival fanaticisms, make reason and patriotism130 their watchwords, and stand on the firm ground of a strong and resolute131 moderation. He had resisted the madness of Leaguer and Huguenot alike; yet, though a foe132 of the League, the old soldier was a devout133 Catholic, and it seemed in his eyes a noble consummation of his life to plant the cross and the fleur-de-lis in the wilderness of New France. Chauvin had just died, after wasting the lives of a score or more of men in a second and a third attempt to establish the fur-trade at Tadoussac. De Chastes came to court to beg a patent of henry the Fourth; "and," says his friend Champlain, "though his head was crowned with gray hairs as with years, he resolved to proceed to New France in person, and dedicate the rest of his days to the service of God and his King."
The patent, costing nothing, was readily granted; and De Chastes, to meet the expenses of the enterprise, and forestall134 the jealousies135 which his monopoly would awaken136 among the keen merchants of the western ports, formed a company with the more prominent of them. Pontgrave, who had some knowledge of the country, was chosen to make a preliminary exploration.
This was the time when Champlain, fresh from the West Indies, appeared at court. De Chastes knew him well. Young, ardent137, yet ripe in experience, a skilful138 seaman139 and a practised soldier, he above all others was a man for the enterprise. He had many conferences with the veteran, under whom he had served in the royal fleet off the coast of Brittany. De Chastes urged him to accept a post in his new company; and Champlain, nothing loath140, consented, provided always that permission should be had from the King, "to whom," he says, "I was bound no less by birth than by the pension with which his Majesty141 honored me." To the King, therefore, De Chastes repaired. The needful consent was gained, and, armed with a letter to Pontgrave, Champlain set out for Honfleur. Here he found his destined companion, and embarking142 with him, as we have seen, they spread their sails for the west.
Like specks143 on the broad bosom144 of the waters, the two pygmy vessels held their course up the lonely St. Lawrence. They passed abandoned Tadoussac, the channel of Orleans, and the gleaming cataract145 of Montmorenci; the tenantless146 rock of Quebec, the wide Lake of St. Peter and its crowded archipelago, till now the mountain reared before them its rounded shoulder above the forest-plain of Montreal. All was solitude147. Hochelaga had vanished; and of the savage population that Cartier had found here, sixty-eight years before, no trace remained. In its place were a few wandering Algonquins, of different tongue and lineage. In a skiff, with a few Indians, Champlain essayed to pass the rapids of St. Louis. Oars148, paddles, and poles alike proved vain against the foaming149 surges, and he was forced to return. On the deck of his vessel, the Indians drew rude plans of the river above, with its chain of rapids, its lakes and cataracts150; and the baffled explorer turned his prow151 homeward, the objects of his mission accomplished152, but his own adventurous curiosity unsated. When the voyagers reached Havre de Grace, a grievous blow awaited them. The Commander de Chastes was dead.
His mantle153 fell upon Pierre du Guast, Sieur de Monts, gentleman in ordinary of the King's chamber127, and Governor of Polls. Undaunted by the fate of La Roche, this nobleman petitioned the king for leave to colonize La Cadie, or Acadie, a region defined as extending from the fortieth to the forty-Sixth degree of north latitude154, or from Philadelphia to beyond Montreal. The King's minister, Sully, as he himself tells us, opposed the plan, on the ground that the colonization155 of this northern wilderness would never repay the outlay156; but De Monts gained his point. He was made Lieutenant-General in Acadia, with viceregal powers; and withered157 Feudalism, with her antique forms and tinselled follies158, was again to seek a new home among the rocks and pine-trees of Nova Scotia. The foundation of the enterprise was a monopoly of the fur-trade, and in its favor all past grants were unceremoniously annulled159. St. Malo, Rouen, Dieppe, and Rochelle greeted the announcement with unavailing outcries. Patents granted and revoked, monopolies decreed and extinguished, had involved the unhappy traders in ceaseless embarrassment160. De Monts, however, preserved De Chastes's old company, and enlarged it, thus making the chief malcontents sharers in his exclusive rights, and converting them from enemies into partners.
A clause in his commission empowered him to impress idlers and vagabonds as material for his colony,—an ominous54 provision of which he largely availed himself. His company was strangely incongruous. The best and the meanest of France were crowded together in his two ships. Here were thieves and ruffians dragged on board by force; and here were many volunteers of condition and character, with Baron de Poutrincourt and the indefatigable161 Champlain. Here, too, were Catholic priests and Huguenot ministers; for, though De Monts was a Calvinist, the Church, as usual, displayed her banner in the van of the enterprise, and he was forced to promise that he would cause the Indians to be instructed in the dogmas of Rome.
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1
commotion
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| n.骚动，动乱 | |
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plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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slaughter
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| n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀 | |
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profaned
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| v.不敬( profane的过去式和过去分词 )；亵渎，玷污 | |
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maidens
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| 处女( maiden的名词复数 )； 少女； 未婚女子； （板球运动）未得分的一轮投球 | |
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tornado
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| n.飓风，龙卷风 | |
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aloof
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| adj.远离的；冷淡的，漠不关心的 | |
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plied
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的过去式和过去分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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decency
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| n.体面，得体，合宜，正派，庄重 | |
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hovering
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| 鸟( hover的现在分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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Portuguese
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| n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语 | |
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wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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vocation
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| n.职业，行业 | |
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lucrative
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| adj.赚钱的，可获利的 | |
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outraged
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| a.震惊的，义愤填膺的 | |
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infancy
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| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
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disorders
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| n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调 | |
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walrus
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| n.海象 | |
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tusks
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| n.（象等动物的）长牙( tusk的名词复数 )；獠牙；尖形物；尖头 | |
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seaports
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| n.海港( seaport的名词复数 ) | |
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seaport
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| n.海港，港口，港市 | |
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marine
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| adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵 | |
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conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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shackle
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| n.桎梏，束缚物；v.加桎梏，加枷锁，束缚 | |
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obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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revoked
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| adj.[法]取消的v.撤销，取消，废除( revoke的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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colonize
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| v.建立殖民地，拓殖；定居，居于 | |
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profusion
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| n.挥霍；丰富 | |
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domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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levy
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| n.征收税或其他款项，征收额 | |
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baron
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| n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王 | |
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effete
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| adj.无生产力的，虚弱的 | |
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contemptible
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| adj.可鄙的，可轻视的，卑劣的 | |
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ransacked
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| v.彻底搜查( ransack的过去式和过去分词 )；抢劫，掠夺 | |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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embark
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| vi.乘船，着手，从事，上飞机 | |
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embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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brutality
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| n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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descried
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| adj.被注意到的，被发现的，被看到的 | |
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ridgy
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| adj.有脊的；有棱纹的；隆起的；有埂的 | |
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sable
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| n.黑貂；adj.黑色的 | |
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52
wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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53
stranded
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| a.搁浅的，进退两难的 | |
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54
ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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55
ominously
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| adv.恶兆地，不吉利地；预示地 | |
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56
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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57
dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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58
assailed
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| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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59
frail
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| adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的 | |
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60
gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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61
suspense
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| n.（对可能发生的事）紧张感，担心，挂虑 | |
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62
rue
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| n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔 | |
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63
stunted
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| adj.矮小的；发育迟缓的 | |
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64
tangled
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| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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65
cranberry
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| n.梅果 | |
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66
inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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67
miseries
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| n.痛苦( misery的名词复数 )；痛苦的事；穷困；常发牢骚的人 | |
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68
glistening
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| adj.闪耀的，反光的v.湿物闪耀，闪亮( glisten的现在分词 ) | |
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69
verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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70
watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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71
survivors
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| 幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 ) | |
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72
prodigious
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| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
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73
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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74
bounty
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| n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与 | |
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75
imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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76
miserably
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| adv.痛苦地；悲惨地；糟糕地；极度地 | |
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77
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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78
inaccessible
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| adj.达不到的，难接近的 | |
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79
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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80
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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81
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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82
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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83
strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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84
factions
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| 组织中的小派别，派系( faction的名词复数 ) | |
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85
bristling
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| a.竖立的 | |
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86
gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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87
grudge
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| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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88
creeds
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| （尤指宗教）信条，教条( creed的名词复数 ) | |
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89
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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90
frailty
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| n.脆弱；意志薄弱 | |
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91
adventurous
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| adj.爱冒险的；惊心动魄的，惊险的，刺激的 | |
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92
nurtured
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| 养育( nurture的过去式和过去分词 )； 培育； 滋长； 助长 | |
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93
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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94
quaint
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| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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95
tempestuous
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| adj.狂暴的 | |
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96
glided
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| v.滑动( glide的过去式和过去分词 )；掠过；（鸟或飞机 ） 滑翔 | |
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97
penance
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| n.（赎罪的）惩罪 | |
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98
rebellious
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| adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的 | |
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99
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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100
consonant
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| n.辅音；adj.[音]符合的 | |
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101
jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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102
intruding
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| v.侵入，侵扰，打扰( intrude的现在分词)；把…强加于 | |
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103
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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104
vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制 | |
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105
evacuate
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| v.遣送；搬空；抽出；排泄；大(小)便 | |
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106
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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107
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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108
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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109
garnished
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| v.给（上餐桌的食物）加装饰( garnish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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110
emulate
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| v.努力赶上或超越，与…竞争；效仿 | |
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111
adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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112
pertaining
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| 与…有关系的，附属…的，为…固有的(to) | |
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113
heresy
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| n.异端邪说；异教 | |
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114
sketch
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| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
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115
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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116
chameleon
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| n.变色龙，蜥蜴；善变之人 | |
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117
hearsay
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| n.谣传，风闻 | |
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118
alligator
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| n.短吻鳄(一种鳄鱼) | |
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119
illustrated
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| adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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120
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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121
chivalrous
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| adj.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的 | |
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122
penetrating
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| adj.（声音）响亮的，尖锐的adj.（气味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏锐的，有洞察力的 | |
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123
prone
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| adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的 | |
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124
erratic
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| adj.古怪的，反复无常的，不稳定的 | |
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125
sketches
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| n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概 | |
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126
isthmus
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| n.地峡 | |
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127
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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128
exulting
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| vi. 欢欣鼓舞，狂喜 | |
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129
salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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130
patriotism
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| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
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131
resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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132
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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133
devout
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| adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
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134
forestall
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| vt.抢在…之前采取行动；预先阻止 | |
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135
jealousies
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| n.妒忌( jealousy的名词复数 )；妒羡 | |
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136
awaken
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| vi.醒，觉醒；vt.唤醒，使觉醒，唤起，激起 | |
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137
ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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138
skilful
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| (=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的 | |
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139
seaman
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| n.海员，水手，水兵 | |
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140
loath
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| adj.不愿意的；勉强的 | |
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141
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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142
embarking
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| 乘船( embark的现在分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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143
specks
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| n.眼镜；斑点，微粒，污点( speck的名词复数 ) | |
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144
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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145
cataract
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| n.大瀑布，奔流，洪水，白内障 | |
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146
tenantless
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| adj.无人租赁的，无人居住的 | |
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147
solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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148
oars
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| n.桨，橹( oar的名词复数 )；划手v.划（行）( oar的第三人称单数 ) | |
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149
foaming
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| adj.布满泡沫的；发泡 | |
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150
cataracts
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| n.大瀑布( cataract的名词复数 )；白内障 | |
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151
prow
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| n.(飞机)机头，船头 | |
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152
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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153
mantle
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| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
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154
latitude
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| n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区 | |
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155
colonization
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| 殖民地的开拓，殖民，殖民地化； 移殖 | |
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156
outlay
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| n.费用，经费，支出；v.花费 | |
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157
withered
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| adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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158
follies
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| 罪恶，时事讽刺剧； 愚蠢，蠢笨，愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 ) | |
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159
annulled
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| v.宣告无效( annul的过去式和过去分词 )；取消；使消失；抹去 | |
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160
embarrassment
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| n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫 | |
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161
indefatigable
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| adj.不知疲倦的，不屈不挠的 | |
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