JESUITS IN ACADIA.
The voyage was one of inordinate1 length,—beset, too, with icebergs2, larger and taller, according to the Jesuit voyagers, than the Church of Notre Dame3; but on the day of Pentecost their ship, "The Grace of God," anchored before Port Royal. Then first were seen in the wilderness4 of New France the close black cap, the close black robe, of the Jesuit father, and the features seamed with study and thought and discipline. Then first did this mighty5 Proteus, this many-colored Society of Jesus, enter upon that rude field of toil6 and woe7, where, in after years, the devoted8 zeal9 of its apostles was to lend dignity to their order and do honor to humanity.
Few were the regions of the known world to which the potent10 brotherhood11 had not stretched the vast network of its influence. Jesuits had disputed in theology with the bonzes of Japan, and taught astronomy to the mandarins of China; had wrought12 prodigies13 of sudden conversion14 among the followers15 of Bralinra, preached the papal supremacy16 to Abyssinian schismatics, carried the cross among the savages18 of Caffraria, wrought reputed miracles in Brazil, and gathered the tribes of Paraguay beneath their paternal19 sway. And now, with the aid of the Virgin20 and her votary21 at court, they would build another empire among the tribes of New France. The omens22 were sinister23 and the outset was unpropitious. The Society was destined24 to reap few laurels25 from the brief apostleship of Biard and Masse.
When the voyagers landed, they found at Port Royal a band of half-famished men, eagerly expecting their succor26. The voyage of four months had, however, nearly exhausted27 their own very moderate stock of provisions, and the mutual28 congratulations of the old colonists29 and the new were damped by a vision of starvation. A friction30, too, speedily declared itself between the spiritual and the temporal powers. Pontgrave's son, then trading on the coast, had exasperated31 the Indians by an outrage32 on one of their women, and, dreading33 the wrath34 of Poutrincourt, had fled to the woods. Biard saw fit to take his part, remonstrated35 for him with vehemence36, gained his pardon, received his confession37, and absolved38 him. The Jesuit says that he was treated with great consideration by Poutrincourt, and that he should be forever beholden to him. The latter, however, chafed39 at Biard's interference.
"Father," he said, "I know my duty, and I beg you will leave me to do it. I, with my sword, have hopes of paradise, as well as you with your breviary. Show me my path to heaven. I will show you yours on earth."
He soon set sail for France, leaving his son Biencourt in charge. This hardy40 young sailor, of ability and character beyond his years, had, on his visit to court, received the post of Vice-Admiral in the seas of New France, and in this capacity had a certain authority over the trading-vessels of St. Malo and Rochelle, several of which were upon the coast. To compel the recognition of this authority, and also to purchase provisions, he set out along with Biard in a boat filled with armed followers. His first collision was with young Pontgrave, who with a few men had built a trading-hut on the St. John, where he proposed to winter. Meeting with resistance, Biencourt took the whole party prisoners, in spite of the remonstrances42 of Biard. Next, proceeding43 along the coast, he levied44 tribute on four or five traders wintering at St. Croix, and, continuing his course to the Kennebec, found the Indians of that region greatly enraged45 at the conduct of certain English adventurers, who three or four years before had, as they said, set dogs upon them and otherwise maltreated them. These were the colonists under Popham and Gilbert, who in 1607 and 1608 made an abortive46 attempt to settle near the mouth of the river. Nothing now was left of them but their deserted47 fort. The neighboring Indians were Abenakis, one of the tribes included by the French under the general name of Armouchiquois. Their disposition48 was doubtful, and it needed all the coolness of young Biencourt to avoid a fatal collision. On one occasion a curious incident took place. The French met six canoes full of warriors49 descending50 the Kennebec, and, as neither party trusted the other, the two encamped on opposite banks of the river. In the evening the Indians began to sing and dance. Biard suspected these proceedings51 to be an invocation of the Devil, and "in order," he says, "to thwart52 this accursed tyrant53, I made our people sing a few church hymns54, such as the Salve, the Ave Mans Stella, and others. But being once in train, and getting to the end of their spiritual songs, they fell to singing such others as they knew, and when these gave out they took to mimicking55 the dancing and singing of the Armouchiquois on the other side of the water; and as Frenchmen are naturally good mimics56, they did it so well that the Armouchiquols stopped to listen; at which our people stopped too; and then the Indians began again. You would have laughed to hear them, for they were like two choirs57 answering each other in concert, and you would hardly have known the real Armouchiquois from the sham58 ones."
Before the capture of young Pontgrave, Biard made him a visit at his camp, six leagues up the St. John. Pontgrave's men were sailors from St. Malo, between whom and the other Frenchmen there was much ill blood, Biard had hardly entered the river when he saw the evening sky crimsoned59 with the dancing fires of a superb aurora60 borealis, and he and his attendants marvelled61 what evil thing the prodigy62 might portend63. Their Indian companions said that it was a sign of war. In fact, the night after they had joined Pontgrave a furious quarrel broke out in the camp, with abundant shouting, gesticulating and swearing; and, says the father, "I do not doubt that an accursed band of furious and sanguinary spirits were hovering64 about us all night, expecting every moment to see a horrible massacre65 of the few Christians66 in those parts; but the goodness of God bridled67 their malice68. No blood was shed, and on the next day the squall ended in a fine calm."
He did not like the Indians, whom he describes as "lazy, gluttonous69, irreligious, treacherous70, cruel, and licentious71." He makes an exception in favor of Memberton, whom he calls "the greatest, most renowned72, and most redoubted savage17 that ever lived in the memory of man," and especially commends him for contenting himself with but one wife, hardly a superlative merit in a centenarian. Biard taught him to say the Lord's Prayer, though at the petition, "Give us this clay our daily bread," the chief remonstrated, saying, "If I ask for nothing but bread, I shall get no fish or moose meat." His protracted73 career was now drawing to a close, and, being brought to the settlement in a dying state, he was placed in Biard's bed and attended by the two Jesuits. He was as remarkable74 in person as in character, for he was bearded like a Frenchman. Though, alone among La Fleche's converts, the Faith seemed to have left some impression upon him, he insisted on being buried with his heathen forefathers75, but was persuaded to forego a wish fatal to his salvation76, and slept at last in consecrated77 ground.
Another of the scanty78 fruits of the mission was a little girl on the point of death, whom Biard had asked her parents to give him for baptism. "Take her and keep her, if you like," was the reply, "for she is no better than a dead dog." "We accepted the offer," says Biard, "in order to show them the difference between Christianity and their impiety79; and after giving her what care we could, together with some instruction, we baptized her. We named her after Madame the Marquise de Guercheville, in gratitude80 for the benefits we have received from that lady, who can now rejoice that her name is already in heaven; for, a few days after baptism, the chosen soul flew to that place of glory."
Biard's greatest difficulty was with the Micmac language. Young Biencourt was his best interpreter, and on common occasions served him well; but the moment that religion was in question he was, as it were, stricken dumb,—the reason being that the language was totally without abstract terms. Biard resolutely81 set himself to the study of it,—a hard and thorny82 path, on which he made small progress, and often went astray. Seated, pencil in hand, before some Indian squatting83 on the floor, whom with the bribe84 of a mouldy biscuit he had lured85 into the hut, he plied86 him with questions which he often neither would nor could answer. What was the Indian word for Faith, Hope, Charity, Sacrament, Baptism, Eucharist, Trinity, Incarnation? The perplexed87 savage, willing to amuse himself, and impelled88, as Biard thinks, by the Devil, gave him scurrilous89 and unseemly phrases as the equivalent of things holy, which, studiously incorporated into the father's Indian catechism, produced on his pupils an effect the reverse of that intended. Biard's colleague, Masse, was equally zealous90, and still less fortunate. He tried a forest life among the Indians 'with signal ill success. Hard fare, smoke, filth91, the scolding of squaws, and the cries of children reduced him to a forlorn condition of body and mind, wore him to a skeleton, and sent him back to Port Royal without a single convert.
The dark months wore slowly on. A band of half-famished men gathered about the huge fires of their barn-like hall, moody92, sullen93, and quarrelsome. Discord94 was here in the black robe of the Jesuit and the brown capote of the rival trader. The position of the wretched little colony may well provoke reflection. Here lay the shaggy continent, from Florida to the Pole, outstretched in savage slumber95 along the sea, the stern domain96 of Nature,—or, to adopt the ready solution of the Jesuits, a realm of the powers of night, blasted beneath the sceptre of hell. On the banks of James River was a nest of woe-begone Englishmen, a handful of Dutch fur-traders at the mouth of the Hudson, and a few shivering Frenchmen among the snow-drifts of Acadia; while deep within the wild monotony of desolation, on the icy verge97 of the great northern river, the hand of Champlain upheld the fleur-de-lis on the rock of Quebec. These were the advance guard, the forlorn hope of civilization, messengers of promise to a desert continent. Yet, unconscious of their high function, not content with inevitable98 woes99, they were rent by petty jealousies100 and miserable101 feuds102; while each of these detached fragments of rival nationalities, scarcely able to maintain its own wretched existence on a few square miles, begrudged104 to the others the smallest share in a domain which all the nations of Europe could hardly have sufficed to fill.
One evening, as the forlorn tenants105 of Port Royal sat together disconsolate106, Biard was seized with a spirit of prophecy. He called upon Biencourt to serve out the little of wine that remained,—a proposal which met with high favor from the company present, though apparently107 with none from the youthful Vice-Admiral. The wine was ordered, however, and, as an unwonted cheer ran round the circle, the Jesuit announced that an inward voice told him how, within a month, they should see a ship from France. In truth, they saw one within a week. On the twentythird of January, 1612, arrived a small vessel41 laden108 with a moderate store of provisions and abundant seeds of future strife109.
This was the expected succor sent by Poutrincourt. A series of ruinous voyages had exhausted his resources but he had staked all on the success of the colony, had even brought his family to Acadia, and he would not leave them and his companions to perish. His credit was gone; his hopes were dashed; yet assistance was proffered110, and, in his extremity111, he was forced to accept it. It came from Madame de Guercheville and her Jesuit advisers112. She offered to buy the interest of a thousand crowns in the enterprise. The ill-omened succor could not be refused; but this was not all. The zealous protectress of the missions obtained from De Monts, whose fortunes, like those of Poutrincouirt, had ebbed113 low, a transfer of all his claims to the lands of Acadia; while the young King, Louis the Thirteenth, was persuaded to give her, in addition, a new grant of all the territory of North America, from the St. Lawrence to Florida. Thus did Madame de Guercheville, or in other words, the Jesuits who used her name as a cover, become proprietors114 of the greater part of the future United States and British Provinces. The English colony of Virginia and the Dutch trading-houses of New York were included within the limits of this destined Northern Paraguay; while Port Royal, the seigniory of the unfortunate Poutrincourt, was encompassed115, like a petty island, by the vast domain of the Society of Jesus. They could not deprive him of it, since his title had been confirmed by the late King, but they flattered themselves, to borrow their own language, that he would be "confined as in a prison." His grant, however, had been vaguely116 worded, and, while they held him restricted to an insignificant117 patch of ground, he claimed lordship over a wide and indefinite territory. Here was argument for endless strife. Other interests, too, were adverse118. Poutrincourt, in his discouragement, had abandoned his plan of liberal colonization119, and now thought of nothing but beaver-skins. He wished to make a trading-post; the Jesuits wished to make a mission.
When the vessel anchored before Port Royal, Biencourt, with disgust and anger, saw another Jesuit landed at the pier120. This was Gilbert du Thet, a lay brother, versed121 in affairs of this world, who had come out as representative and administrator122 of Madame de Guercheville. Poutrincourt, also, had his agent on board; and, without the loss of a day, the two began to quarrel. A truce123 ensued; then a smothered124 feud103, pervading125 the whole colony, and ending in a notable explosion. The Jesuits, chafing126 under the sway of Biencourt, had withdrawn127 without ceremony, and betaken themselves to the vessel, intending to sail for France. Biencourt, exasperated at such a breach128 of discipline, and fearing their representations at court, ordered them to return, adding that, since the Queen had commended them to his especial care, he could not, in conscience, lose sight of them. The indignant fathers excommunicated him. On this, the sagamore Louis, son of the grisly convert Membertou, begged leave to kill them; but Biencourt would not countenance129 this summary mode of relieving his embarrassment130. He again, in the King's name, ordered the clerical mutineers to return to the fort. Biard declared that he would not, threatened to excommunicate any who should lay hand on him, and called the Vice-Admiral a robber. His wrath, however, soon cooled; he yielded to necessity, and came quietly ashore131, where, for the next three months, neither he nor his colleagues would say mass, or perform any office of religion. At length a change came over him; he made advances of peace, prayed that the past might be forgotten, said mass again, and closed with a petition that Brother du Thet might be allowed to go to France in a trading vessel then on the coast. His petition being granted, he wrote to Poutrincourt a letter overflowing132 with praises of his son; and, charged with this missive, Du Thet set sail.
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1
inordinate
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| adj.无节制的；过度的 | |
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icebergs
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| n.冰山，流冰( iceberg的名词复数 ) | |
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dame
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| n.女士 | |
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wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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potent
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| adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的 | |
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brotherhood
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| n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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prodigies
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| n.奇才，天才（尤指神童）( prodigy的名词复数 ) | |
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conversion
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| n.转化，转换，转变 | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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supremacy
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| n.至上；至高权力 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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paternal
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| adj.父亲的，像父亲的，父系的，父方的 | |
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virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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votary
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| n.崇拜者；爱好者；adj.誓约的，立誓任圣职的 | |
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omens
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| n.前兆，预兆( omen的名词复数 ) | |
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sinister
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| adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的 | |
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destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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laurels
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| n.桂冠，荣誉 | |
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succor
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| n.援助，帮助；v.给予帮助 | |
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exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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colonists
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| n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 ) | |
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friction
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| n.摩擦，摩擦力 | |
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exasperated
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| adj.恼怒的 | |
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outrage
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| n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒 | |
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dreading
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| v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的现在分词 ) | |
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wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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remonstrated
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| v.抗议( remonstrate的过去式和过去分词 )；告诫 | |
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vehemence
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| n.热切；激烈；愤怒 | |
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confession
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| n.自白，供认，承认 | |
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absolved
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| 宣告…无罪，赦免…的罪行，宽恕…的罪行( absolve的过去式和过去分词 )； 不受责难，免除责任 [义务] ,开脱（罪责） | |
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chafed
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| v.擦热（尤指皮肤）( chafe的过去式 )；擦痛；发怒；惹怒 | |
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hardy
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| adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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remonstrances
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| n.抱怨，抗议( remonstrance的名词复数 ) | |
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proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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levied
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| 征（兵）( levy的过去式和过去分词 )； 索取； 发动（战争）； 征税 | |
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enraged
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| 使暴怒( enrage的过去式和过去分词 )； 歜； 激愤 | |
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abortive
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| adj.不成功的，发育不全的 | |
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deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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51
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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52
thwart
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| v.阻挠，妨碍，反对；adj.横(断的) | |
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53
tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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54
hymns
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| n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌( hymn的名词复数 ) | |
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mimicking
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| v.（尤指为了逗乐而）模仿( mimic的现在分词 )；酷似 | |
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mimics
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| n.模仿名人言行的娱乐演员，滑稽剧演员( mimic的名词复数 )；善于模仿的人或物v.（尤指为了逗乐而）模仿( mimic的第三人称单数 )；酷似 | |
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choirs
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| n.教堂的唱诗班( choir的名词复数 )；唱诗队；公开表演的合唱团；（教堂）唱经楼 | |
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58
sham
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| n./adj.假冒(的)，虚伪(的) | |
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crimsoned
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| 变为深红色（crimson的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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60
aurora
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| n.极光 | |
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marvelled
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| v.惊奇，对…感到惊奇( marvel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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prodigy
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| n.惊人的事物，奇迹，神童，天才，预兆 | |
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portend
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| v.预兆，预示；给…以警告 | |
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64
hovering
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| 鸟( hover的现在分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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67
bridled
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| 给…套龙头( bridle的过去式和过去分词 )； 控制； 昂首表示轻蔑（或怨忿等）； 动怒，生气 | |
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68
malice
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| n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋 | |
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gluttonous
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| adj.贪吃的，贪婪的 | |
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treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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71
licentious
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| adj.放纵的，淫乱的 | |
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72
renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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73
protracted
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| adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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74
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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75
forefathers
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| n.祖先，先人；祖先，祖宗( forefather的名词复数 )；列祖列宗；前人 | |
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76
salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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77
consecrated
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| adj.神圣的，被视为神圣的v.把…奉为神圣，给…祝圣( consecrate的过去式和过去分词 )；奉献 | |
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78
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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79
impiety
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| n.不敬；不孝 | |
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80
gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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81
resolutely
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| adj.坚决地，果断地 | |
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82
thorny
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| adj.多刺的，棘手的 | |
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83
squatting
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| v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的现在分词 )；非法擅自占用（土地或房屋）；为获得其所有权；而占用某片公共用地。 | |
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84
bribe
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| n.贿赂；v.向…行贿，买通 | |
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85
lured
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| 吸引，引诱（lure的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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86
plied
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的过去式和过去分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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87
perplexed
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| adj.不知所措的 | |
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88
impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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89
scurrilous
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| adj.下流的，恶意诽谤的 | |
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90
zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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91
filth
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| n.肮脏，污物，污秽；淫猥 | |
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92
moody
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| adj.心情不稳的，易怒的，喜怒无常的 | |
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93
sullen
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| adj.愠怒的，闷闷不乐的，(天气等)阴沉的 | |
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discord
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| n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐 | |
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slumber
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| n.睡眠，沉睡状态 | |
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domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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97
verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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98
inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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99
woes
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| 困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉 | |
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100
jealousies
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| n.妒忌( jealousy的名词复数 )；妒羡 | |
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101
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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102
feuds
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| n.长期不和，世仇( feud的名词复数 ) | |
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103
feud
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| n.长期不和；世仇；v.长期争斗；世代结仇 | |
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104
begrudged
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| 嫉妒( begrudge的过去式和过去分词 )； 勉强做； 不乐意地付出； 吝惜 | |
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105
tenants
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| n.房客( tenant的名词复数 )；佃户；占用者；占有者 | |
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106
disconsolate
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| adj.忧郁的，不快的 | |
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107
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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108
laden
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| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
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109
strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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110
proffered
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| v.提供，贡献，提出( proffer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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111
extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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112
advisers
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| 顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授 | |
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113
ebbed
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| （指潮水）退( ebb的过去式和过去分词 )； 落； 减少； 衰落 | |
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114
proprietors
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| n.所有人，业主( proprietor的名词复数 ) | |
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115
encompassed
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| v.围绕( encompass的过去式和过去分词 )；包围；包含；包括 | |
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116
vaguely
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| adv.含糊地，暖昧地 | |
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117
insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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118
adverse
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| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
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119
colonization
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| 殖民地的开拓，殖民，殖民地化； 移殖 | |
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120
pier
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| n.码头；桥墩，桥柱；[建]窗间壁，支柱 | |
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121
versed
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| adj. 精通，熟练 | |
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122
administrator
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| n.经营管理者，行政官员 | |
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123
truce
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| n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束 | |
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124
smothered
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| （使）窒息， （使）透不过气( smother的过去式和过去分词 )； 覆盖； 忍住； 抑制 | |
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125
pervading
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| v.遍及，弥漫( pervade的现在分词 ) | |
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126
chafing
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| n.皮肤发炎v.擦热（尤指皮肤）( chafe的现在分词 )；擦痛；发怒；惹怒 | |
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127
withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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128
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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129
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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130
embarrassment
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| n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫 | |
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131
ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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132
overflowing
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| n. 溢出物,溢流 adj. 充沛的，充满的 动词overflow的现在分词形式 | |
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