DISCOVERY OF LAKE HURON.
In New France, spiritual and temporal interests were inseparably blended, and, as will hereafter appear, the conversion1 of the Indians was used as a means of commercial and political growth. But, with the single-hearted founder3 of the colony, considerations of material advantage, though clearly recognized, were no less clearly subordinate. He would fain rescue from perdition a people living, as he says, "like brute4 beasts, without faith, without law, without religion, without God." While the want of funds and the indifference5 of his merchant associates, who as yet did not fully6 see that their trade would find in the missions its surest ally, were threatening to wreck7 his benevolent8 schemes, he found a kindred spirit in his friend Houd, secretary to the King, and comptroller-general of the salt-works of Bronage. Near this town was a convent of Recollet friars, some of whom were well known to Houel. To them he addressed himself; and several of the brotherhood9, "inflamed," we are told, "with charity," were eager to undertake the mission. But the Recollets, mendicants by profession, were as weak in resources as Champlain himself. He repaired to Paris, then filled with bishops12, cardinals13, and nobles, assembled for the States-General. Responding to his appeal, they subscribed14 fifteen hundred livres for the purchase of vestments, candles, and ornaments15 for altars. The King gave letters patent in favor of the mission, and the Pope gave it his formal authorization16. By this instrument the papacy in the person of Paul the Fifth virtually repudiated17 the action of the papacy in the person of Alexander the Sixth, who had proclaimed all America the exclusive property of Spain.
The Recollets form a branch of the great Franciscan Order, founded early in the thirteenth century by Saint Francis of Assisi. Saint, hero, or madman, according to the point of view from which he is regarded, he belonged to an era of the Church when the tumult18 of invading heresies19 awakened20 in her defence a band of impassioned champions, widely different from the placid21 saints of an earlier age. He was very young when dreams and voices began to reveal to him his vocation22, and kindle23 his high-wrought nature to sevenfold heat. Self-respect, natural affection, decency24, became in his eyes but stumbling-blocks and snares25. He robbed his father to build a church; and, like so many of the Roman Catholic saints, confounded filth26 with humility27, exchanged clothes with beggars, and walked the streets of Assisi in rags amid the hootings of his townsmen. He vowed28 perpetual poverty and perpetual beggary, and, in token of his renunciation of the world, stripped himself naked before the Bishop11 of Assisi, and then begged of him in charity a peasant's mantle29. Crowds gathered to his fervid30 and dramatic eloquence31. His handful of disciples32 multiplied, till Europe became thickly dotted with their convents. At the end of the eighteenth century, the three Orders of Saint Francis numbered a hundred and fifteen thousand friars and twenty-eight thousand nuns33. Four popes, forty-five cardinals, and forty-six canonized martyrs35 were enrolled36 on their record, besides about two thousand more who had shed their blood for the faith. Their missions embraced nearly all the known world; and, in 1621, there were in Spanish America alone five hundred Franciscan convents.
In process of time the Franciscans had relaxed their ancient rigor37; but much of their pristine38 spirit still subsisted40 in the Recollets, a reformed branch of the Order, sometimes known as Franciscans of the Strict Observance.
Four of their number were named for the mission of New France,—Denis Jamay, Jean Dolbean, Joseph le Caron, and the lay brother Pacifique du Plessis. "They packed their church ornaments," says Champlain, "and we, our luggage." All alike confessed their sins, and, embarking41 at Honfleur, reached Quebec at the end of May, 1615. Great was the perplexity of the Indians as the apostolic mendicants landed beneath the rock. Their garb42 was a form of that common to the brotherhood of Saint Francis, consisting of a rude garment of coarse gray cloth, girt at the waist with the knotted cord of the Order, and furnished with a peaked hood10, to be drawn43 over the head. Their naked feet were shod with wooden sandals, more than an inch thick.
Their first care was to choose a site for their convent, near the fortified44 dwellings45 and storehouses built by Champlain. This done, they made an altar, and celebrated46 the first mass ever said in Canada. Dolbean was the officiating priest; all New France kneeled on the bare earth around him, and cannon47 from the ship and the ramparts hailed the mystic rite48. Then, in imitation of the Apostles, they took counsel together, and assigned to each his province in the vast field of their mission,—to Le Caron the Hurons, and to Dolbean the Montagnais; while Jamay and Du Plessis were to remain for the present near Quebec.
Dolbean, full of zeal49, set out for his post, and in the next winter tried to follow the roving hordes50 of Tadoussac to their frozen hunting-grounds. He was not robust51, and his eyes were weak. Lodged53 in a hut of birch bark, full of abominations, dogs, fleas54, stench, and all uncleanness, he succumbed55 at length to the smoke, which had wellnigh blinded him, forcing him to remain for several days with his eyes closed. After debating within himself whether God required of him the sacrifice of his sight, he solved his doubts with a negative, and returned to Quebec, only to depart again with opening spring on a tour so extensive that it brought him in contact with outlying bands of the Esquimaux. Meanwhile Le Caron had long been absent on a more noteworthy mission.
While his brethren were building their convent and garnishing56 their altar at Quebec, the ardent57 friar had hastened to the site of Montreal, then thronged58 with a savage59 concourse come down for the yearly trade. he mingled60 with them, studied their manners, tried to learn their languages, and, when Champlain and Pontgrave arrived, declared his purpose of wintering in their villages. Dissuasion61 availed nothing. "What," he demanded, "are privations to him whose life is devoted62 to perpetual poverty, and who has no ambition but to serve God?"
The assembled Indians were more eager for temporal than for spiritual succor63, and beset64 Champlain with clamors for aid against the Iroquois. He and Pontgrave were of one mind. The aid demanded must be given, and that from no motive65 of the hour, but in pursuance of a deliberate policy. It was evident that the innumerable tribes of New France, otherwise divided, were united in a common fear and hate of these formidable bands, who, in the strength of their fivefold league, spread havoc66 and desolation through all the surrounding wilds. It was the aim of Champlain, as of his successors, to persuade the threatened and endangered hordes to live at peace with each other, and to form against the common foe67 a virtual league, of which the French colony would be the heart and the head, and which would continually widen with the widening area of discovery. With French soldiers to fight their battles, French priests to baptize them, and French traders to supply their increasing wants, their dependence68 would be complete. They would become assured tributaries69 to the growth of New France. It was a triple alliance of soldier, priest, and trader. The soldier might be a roving knight70, and the priest a martyr34 and a saint; but both alike were subserving the interests of that commerce which formed the only solid basis of the colony. The scheme of English colonization71 made no account of the Indian tribes. In the scheme of French colonization they were all in all.
In one point the plan was fatally defective72, since it involved the deadly enmity of a race whose character and whose power were as yet but ill understood,—the fiercest, boldest, most politic2, and most ambitious savages73 to whom the American forest has ever given birth.
The chiefs and warriors74 met in council,—Algonquins of the Ottawa, and Hurons from the borders of the great Fresh-Water Sea. Champlain promised to join them with all the men at his command, while they, on their part, were to muster75 without delay twenty-five hundred warriors for an inroad into the country of the Iroquois. He descended76 at once to Quebec for needful preparation; but when, after a short delay, he returned to Montreal, he found, to his chagrin77, a solitude78. The wild concourse had vanished; nothing remained but the skeleton poles of their huts, the smoke of their fires, and the refuse of their encampments. Impatient at his delay, they had set out for their villages, and with them had gone Father Joseph le Caron.
Twelve Frenchmen, well armed, had attended him. Summer was at its height, and as his canoe stole along the bosom79 of the glassy river, and he gazed about him on the tawny80 multitude whose fragile craft covered the water like swarms81 of gliding82 insects, he thought, perhaps, of his whitewashed83 cell in the convent of Brouage, of his book, his table, his rosary, and all the narrow routine of that familiar life from which he had awakened to contrasts so startling. That his progress up the Ottawa was far from being an excursion of pleasure is attested84 by his letters, fragments of which have come down to us.
"It would be hard to tell you," he writes to a friend, "how tired I was with paddling all day, with all my strength, among the Indians; wading85 the rivers a hundred times and more, through the mud and over the sharp rocks that cut my feet; carrying the canoe and luggage through the woods to avoid the rapids and frightful86 cataracts87; and half starved all the while, for we had nothing to eat but a little sagantite, a sort of porridge of water and pounded maize88, of which they gave us a very small allowance every morning and night. But I must needs tell you what abundant consolation89 I found under all my troubles; for when one sees so many infidels needing nothing but a drop of water to make them children of God, one feels an inexpressible ardor90 to labor91 for their conversion, and sacrifice to it one's repose92 and life."
Another Recollet, Gabriel Sagard, followed the same route in similar company a few years later, and has left an account of his experience, of which Le Caron's was the counterpart. Sagard reckons from eighty to a hundred waterfalls and rapids in the course of the journey, and the task of avoiding them by pushing through the woods was the harder for him because he saw fit to go barefoot, "in imitation of our seraphic father, Saint Francis." "We often came upon rocks, mudholes, and fallen trees, which we had to scramble93 over, and sometimes we must force our way with head and hands through dense94 woods and thickets95, without road or path. When the time came, my Indians looked for a good place to pass the night. Some went for dry wood; others for poles to make a shed; others kindled96 a fire, and hung the kettle to a stick stuck aslant97 in the ground; and others looked for two flat stones to bruise98 the Indian corn, of which they make sagamite."
This sagamite was an extremely thin porridge; and, though scraps99 of fish were now and then boiled in it, the friar pined away daily on this weak and scanty100 fare, which was, moreover, made repulsive101 to him by the exceeding filthiness102 of the cookery. Nevertheless, he was forced to disguise his feelings. "One must always keep a smiling, modest, contented103 face, and now and then sing a hymn104, both for his own consolation and to please and edify105 the savages, who take a singular pleasure in hearing us sing the praises of our God." Among all his trials, none afflicted106 him so much as the flies and mosquitoes. "If I had not kept my face wrapped in a cloth, I am almost sure they would have blinded me, so pestiferous and poisonous are the bites of these little demons107. They make one look like a leper, hideous108 to the sight. I confess that this is the worst martyrdom I suffered in this country; hunger, thirst, weariness, and fever are nothing to it. These little beasts not only persecute109 you all day, but at night they get into your eyes and mouth, crawl under your clothes, or stick their long stings through them, and make such a noise that it distracts your attention, and prevents you from saying your prayers." He reckons three or four kinds of them, and adds, that in the Montagnais country there is still another kind, so small that they can hardly be seen, but which "bite like devils' imps110." The sportsman who has bivouacked in the woods of Maine will at once recognize the minute tormentors there known as "no-see-'ems."
While through tribulations111 like these Le Caron made his way towards the scene of his apostleship, Champlain was following on his track. With two canoes, ten Indians, Etienne Brule his interpreter, and another Frenchman, he pushed up the Ottawa till he reached the Algonquin villages which had formed the term of his former journeying. He passed the two lakes of the Allumettes; and now, for twenty miles, the river stretched before him, straight as the bee can fly, deep, narrow, and black, between its mountain shores. He passed the rapids of the Joachims and the Caribou112, the Rocher Capitamne, and the Deux Rivieres, and reached at length the trihutary waters of the Mattawan. He turned to the left, ascended113 this little stream forty miles or more, and, crossing a portage track, well trodden, reached the margin114 of Lake Nipissing. The canoes were launched again, and glided115 by leafy shores and verdant116 islands till at length appeared signs of human life and clusters of bark lodges117, half hidden in the vastness of the woods. It was the village of an Algonquin band, called the Nipissings,—a race so beset with spirits, infested118 by demons, and abounding119 in magicians, that the Jesuits afterwards stigmatized120 them as "the Sorcerers." In this questionable121 company Champlain spent two days, feasted on fish, deer, and bears. Then, descending122 to the outlet123 of the lake, he steered124 his canoes westward125 down the current of French River.
Days passed, and no sign of man enlivened the rocky desolation. Hunger was pressing them hard, for the ten gluttonous126 Indians had devoured127 already nearly all their provision for the voyage, and they were forced to subsist39 on the blueberries and wild raspberries that grew abundantly in the meagre soil, when suddenly they encountered a troop of three hundred savages, whom, from their strange and startling mode of wearing their hair, Champlain named the Cheveux Releves. "Not one of our courtiers," he says, "takes so much pains in dressing128 his locks." Here, however, their care of the toilet ended; for, though tattooed129 on various parts of the body, painted, and armed with bows, arrows, and shields of bison-hide, they wore no clothing whatever. Savage as was their aspect, they were busied in the pacific task of gathering130 blueberries for their winter store. Their demeanor131 was friendly; and from them the voyager learned that the great lake of the Hurons was close at hand.
Now, far along the western sky was traced the watery132 line of that inland ocean, and, first of white men except the Friar Le Caron, Champlain beheld133 the "Mer Douce," the Fresh-Water Sea of the Hurons. Before him, too far for sight, lay the spirit-haunted Manitonalins, and, southward, spread the vast bosom of the Georgian Bay. For more than a hundred miles, his course was along its eastern shores, among islets countless134 as the sea-sands,—an archipelago of rocks worn for ages by the wash of waves. He crossed Byng Inlet, Franklin Inlet, Parry Sound, and the wider bay of Matchedash, and seems to have landed at the inlet now called Thunder Bay, at the entrance of the Bay of Matchedash, and a little west of the Harbor of Penetanguishine.
An Indian trail led inland, through woods and thickets, across broad meadows, over brooks135, and along the skirts of green acclivities. To the eye of Champlain, accustomed to the desolation he had left behind, it seemed a land of beauty and abundance. He reached at last a broad opening in the forest, with fields of maize, pumpkins136 ripening137 in the sun, patches of sunflowers, from the seeds of which the Indians made hair-oil, and, in the midst, the Huron town of Otonacha. In all essential points, it resembled that which Cartier, eighty years before, had seen at Montreal,—the same triple palisade of crossed and intersecting trunks, and the same long lodges of bark, each containing several families. Here, within an area of thirty or forty miles, was the seat of one of the most remarkable138 savage communities on the continent. By the Indian standard, it was a mighty139 nation; yet the entire Huron population did not exceed that of a third or fourth class American city.
To the south and southeast lay other tribes of kindred race and tongue, all stationary140, all tillers of the soil, and all in a state of social advancement141 when compared with the roving bands of Eastern Canada: the Neutral Nation west of the Niagara, and the Eries and Andastes in Western New York and Pennsylvania; while from the Genesee eastward142 to the Hudson lay the banded tribes of the Iroquois, leading members of this potent143 family, deadly foes144 of their kindred, and at last their destroyers.
In Champlain the Hurons saw the champion who was to lead them to victory. There was bountiful feasting in his honor in the great lodge52 at Otonacha; and other welcome, too, was tendered, of which the Hurons were ever liberal, but which, with all courtesy, was declined by the virtuous145 Champlain. Next, he went to Carmaron, a league distant, and then to Tonagnainchain and Tequenonquihayc; till at length he reached Carhagouha, with its triple palisade thirty-five feet high. Here he found Le Caron. The Indians, eager to do him honor, were building for him a bark lodge in the neighboring forest, fashioned like their own, but much smaller. In it the friar made an altar, garnished146 with those indispensable decorations which he had brought with him through all the vicissitudes147 of his painful journeying; and hither, night and day, came a curious multitude to listen to his annunciation of the new doctrine148. It was a joyful149 hour when he saw Champlain approach his hermitage; and the two men embraced like brothers long sundered150.
The twelfth of August was a day evermore marked with white in the friar's calendar. Arrayed in priestly vestments, he stood before his simple altar; behind him his little band of Christians,—the twelve Frenchmen who had attended him, and the two who had followed Champlain. Here stood their devout151 and valiant152 chief, and, at his side, that pioneer of pioneers, Etienne Brule the interpreter. The Host was raised aloft; the worshippers kneeled. Then their rough voices joined in the hymn of praise, Te Deum laudamus; and then a volley of their guns proclaimed the triumph of the faith to the okies, the manitous, and all the brood of anomalous153 devils who had reigned154 with undisputed sway in these wild realms of darkness. The brave friar, a true soldier of the Church, had led her forlorn hope into the fastnesses of hell; and now, with contented heart, he might depart in peace, for he had said the first mass in the country of the Hurons.
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
conversion
|
|
| n.转化，转换，转变 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
politic
|
|
| adj.有智虑的；精明的；v.从政 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
Founder
|
|
| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
brute
|
|
| n.野兽，兽性 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
indifference
|
|
| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
fully
|
|
| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
wreck
|
|
| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
benevolent
|
|
| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
brotherhood
|
|
| n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
hood
|
|
| n.头巾，兜帽，覆盖；v.罩上，以头巾覆盖 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
bishop
|
|
| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
bishops
|
|
| （基督教某些教派管辖大教区的）主教( bishop的名词复数 )； （国际象棋的）象 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
cardinals
|
|
| 红衣主教( cardinal的名词复数 )； 红衣凤头鸟（见于北美，雄鸟为鲜红色）； 基数 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
subscribed
|
|
| v.捐助( subscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；签署，题词；订阅；同意 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
ornaments
|
|
| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
authorization
|
|
| n.授权，委任状 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
17
repudiated
|
|
| v.（正式地）否认( repudiate的过去式和过去分词 )；拒绝接受；拒绝与…往来；拒不履行（法律义务） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
18
tumult
|
|
| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
19
heresies
|
|
| n.异端邪说，异教( heresy的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
20
awakened
|
|
| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
21
placid
|
|
| adj.安静的，平和的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
22
vocation
|
|
| n.职业，行业 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
23
kindle
|
|
| v.点燃，着火 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
24
decency
|
|
| n.体面，得体，合宜，正派，庄重 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
25
snares
|
|
| n.陷阱( snare的名词复数 )；圈套；诱人遭受失败（丢脸、损失等）的东西；诱惑物v.用罗网捕捉，诱陷，陷害( snare的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
26
filth
|
|
| n.肮脏，污物，污秽；淫猥 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
27
humility
|
|
| n.谦逊，谦恭 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
28
vowed
|
|
| 起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
29
mantle
|
|
| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
30
fervid
|
|
| adj.热情的；炽热的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
31
eloquence
|
|
| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
32
disciples
|
|
| n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
33
nuns
|
|
| n.（通常指基督教的）修女， （佛教的）尼姑( nun的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
34
martyr
|
|
| n.烈士，殉难者；vt.杀害，折磨，牺牲 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
35
martyrs
|
|
| n.martyr的复数形式；烈士( martyr的名词复数 )；殉道者；殉教者；乞怜者（向人诉苦以博取同情） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
36
enrolled
|
|
| adj.入学登记了的v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的过去式和过去分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
37
rigor
|
|
| n.严酷，严格，严厉 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
38
pristine
|
|
| adj.原来的，古时的，原始的，纯净的，无垢的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
39
subsist
|
|
| vi.生存，存在，供养 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
40
subsisted
|
|
| v.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去( subsist的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
41
embarking
|
|
| 乘船( embark的现在分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
42
garb
|
|
| n.服装，装束 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
43
drawn
|
|
| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
44
fortified
|
|
| adj. 加强的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
45
dwellings
|
|
| n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
46
celebrated
|
|
| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
47
cannon
|
|
| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
48
rite
|
|
| n.典礼，惯例，习俗 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
49
zeal
|
|
| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
50
hordes
|
|
| n.移动着的一大群( horde的名词复数 )；部落 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
51
robust
|
|
| adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
52
lodge
|
|
| v.临时住宿，寄宿，寄存，容纳；n.传达室，小旅馆 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
53
lodged
|
|
| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
54
fleas
|
|
| n.跳蚤( flea的名词复数 )；爱财如命；没好气地（拒绝某人的要求） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
55
succumbed
|
|
| 不再抵抗（诱惑、疾病、攻击等）( succumb的过去式和过去分词 )； 屈从； 被压垮； 死 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
56
garnishing
|
|
| v.给（上餐桌的食物）加装饰( garnish的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
57
ardent
|
|
| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
58
thronged
|
|
| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
59
savage
|
|
| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
60
mingled
|
|
| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
61
dissuasion
|
|
| n.劝止；谏言 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
|
62
devoted
|
|
| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
63
succor
|
|
| n.援助，帮助；v.给予帮助 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
64
beset
|
|
| v.镶嵌；困扰，包围 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
65
motive
|
|
| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
66
havoc
|
|
| n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
67
foe
|
|
| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
68
dependence
|
|
| n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
69
tributaries
|
|
| n. 支流 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
70
knight
|
|
| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
71
colonization
|
|
| 殖民地的开拓，殖民，殖民地化； 移殖 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
72
defective
|
|
| adj.有毛病的，有问题的，有瑕疵的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
73
savages
|
|
| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
74
warriors
|
|
| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
75
muster
|
|
| v.集合，收集，鼓起，激起；n.集合，检阅，集合人员，点名册 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
76
descended
|
|
| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
77
chagrin
|
|
| n.懊恼；气愤；委屈 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
78
solitude
|
|
| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
79
bosom
|
|
| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
80
tawny
|
|
| adj.茶色的，黄褐色的；n.黄褐色 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
81
swarms
|
|
| 蜂群，一大群( swarm的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
82
gliding
|
|
| v. 滑翔 adj. 滑动的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
83
whitewashed
|
|
| 粉饰，美化，掩饰( whitewash的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
84
attested
|
|
| adj.经检验证明无病的，经检验证明无菌的v.证明( attest的过去式和过去分词 )；证实；声称…属实；使宣誓 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
85
wading
|
|
| （从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
86
frightful
|
|
| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
87
cataracts
|
|
| n.大瀑布( cataract的名词复数 )；白内障 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
88
maize
|
|
| n.玉米 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
89
consolation
|
|
| n.安慰，慰问 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
90
ardor
|
|
| n.热情，狂热 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
91
labor
|
|
| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
92
repose
|
|
| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
93
scramble
|
|
| v.爬行，攀爬，杂乱蔓延，碎片，片段，废料 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
94
dense
|
|
| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
95
thickets
|
|
| n.灌木丛( thicket的名词复数 )；丛状物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
96
kindled
|
|
| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
97
aslant
|
|
| adv.倾斜地；adj.斜的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
98
bruise
|
|
| n.青肿，挫伤；伤痕；vt.打青；挫伤 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
99
scraps
|
|
| 油渣 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
100
scanty
|
|
| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
101
repulsive
|
|
| adj.排斥的，使人反感的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
102
filthiness
|
|
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
103
contented
|
|
| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
104
hymn
|
|
| n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
105
edify
|
|
| v.陶冶；教化；启发 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
106
afflicted
|
|
| 使受痛苦，折磨( afflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
107
demons
|
|
| n.恶人( demon的名词复数 )；恶魔；精力过人的人；邪念 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
108
hideous
|
|
| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
109
persecute
|
|
| vt.迫害，虐待；纠缠，骚扰 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
110
imps
|
|
| n.（故事中的）小恶魔( imp的名词复数 )；小魔鬼；小淘气；顽童 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
111
tribulations
|
|
| n.苦难( tribulation的名词复数 )；艰难；苦难的缘由；痛苦 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
112
caribou
|
|
| n.北美驯鹿 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
113
ascended
|
|
| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
114
margin
|
|
| n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
115
glided
|
|
| v.滑动( glide的过去式和过去分词 )；掠过；（鸟或飞机 ） 滑翔 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
116
verdant
|
|
| adj.翠绿的，青翠的，生疏的，不老练的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
117
lodges
|
|
| v.存放( lodge的第三人称单数 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
118
infested
|
|
| adj.为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v.害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词 )；遍布于 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
119
abounding
|
|
| adj.丰富的，大量的v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
120
stigmatized
|
|
| v.使受耻辱，指责，污辱( stigmatize的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
121
questionable
|
|
| adj.可疑的，有问题的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
122
descending
|
|
| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
123
outlet
|
|
| n.出口/路；销路；批发商店；通风口；发泄 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
124
steered
|
|
| v.驾驶( steer的过去式和过去分词 )；操纵；控制；引导 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
125
westward
|
|
| n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
126
gluttonous
|
|
| adj.贪吃的，贪婪的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
127
devoured
|
|
| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
128
dressing
|
|
| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
129
tattooed
|
|
| v.刺青，文身( tattoo的过去式和过去分词 )；连续有节奏地敲击；作连续有节奏的敲击 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
130
gathering
|
|
| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
131
demeanor
|
|
| n.行为；风度 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
132
watery
|
|
| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
133
beheld
|
|
| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
134
countless
|
|
| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
135
brooks
|
|
| n.小溪( brook的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
136
pumpkins
|
|
| n.南瓜( pumpkin的名词复数 )；南瓜的果肉，南瓜囊 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
137
ripening
|
|
| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的现在分词 )；熟化；熟成 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
138
remarkable
|
|
| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
139
mighty
|
|
| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
140
stationary
|
|
| adj.固定的，静止不动的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
141
advancement
|
|
| n.前进，促进，提升 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
142
eastward
|
|
| adv.向东；adj.向东的；n.东方，东部 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
143
potent
|
|
| adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
144
foes
|
|
| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
145
virtuous
|
|
| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
146
garnished
|
|
| v.给（上餐桌的食物）加装饰( garnish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
147
vicissitudes
|
|
| n.变迁，世事变化；变迁兴衰( vicissitude的名词复数 )；盛衰兴废 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
148
doctrine
|
|
| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
149
joyful
|
|
| adj.欢乐的，令人欢欣的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
150
sundered
|
|
| v.隔开，分开( sunder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
151
devout
|
|
| adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
152
valiant
|
|
| adj.勇敢的，英勇的；n.勇士，勇敢的人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
153
anomalous
|
|
| adj.反常的；不规则的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
154
reigned
|
|
| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
| 欢迎访问英文小说网 |