ANOTHER WAR.
Mohawk Inroads ? The Hunters of Men ? The Captive Converts ? The Escape of Marie ? Her Story ? The Algonquin Prisoner's Revenge ? Her Flight ? Terror of the Colonists1 ? Jesuit Intrepidity2
The peace was broken, and the hounds of war turned loose. The contagion3 spread through all the Mohawk nation, the war-songs were sung, and the warriors4 took the path for Canada. The miserable5 colonists and their more miserable allies woke from their dream of peace to a reality of fear and horror. Again Montreal and Three Rivers were beset6 with murdering savages7, skulking9 in thickets10 and prowling under cover of night, yet, when it came to blows, displaying a courage almost equal to the ferocity that inspired it. They plundered12 and burned Fort Richelieu, which its small garrison13 had abandoned, thus leaving the colony without even the semblance14 of protection. Before the spring opened, all the fighting men of the Mohawks took the war-path; but it is clear that many of them still had little heart for 307 their bloody15 and perfidious16 work; for, of these hardy17 and all-enduring warriors, two-thirds gave out on the way, and returned, complaining that the season was too severe. [1] Two hundred or more kept on, divided into several bands.
[1] Lettre du P. Buteux au R. P. Lalemant. MS.
On Ash-Wednesday, the French at Three Rivers were at mass in the chapel18, when the Iroquois, quietly approaching, plundered two houses close to the fort, containing all the property of the neighboring inhabitants, which had been brought hither as to a place of security. They hid their booty, and then went in quest of two large parties of Christian19 Algonquins engaged in their winter hunt. Two Indians of the same nation, whom they captured, basely set them on the trail; and they took up the chase like hounds on the scent20 of game. Wrapped in furs or blanket-coats, some with gun in hand, some with bows and quivers, and all with hatchets21, war-clubs, knives, or swords,—striding on snow-shoes, with bodies half bent23, through the gray forests and the frozen pine-swamps, among wet, black trunks, along dark ravines and under savage8 hill-sides, their small, fierce eyes darting24 quick glances that pierced the farthest recesses25 of the naked woods,—the hunters of men followed the track of their human prey26. At length they descried27 the bark wigwams of the Algonquin camp. The warriors were absent; none were here but women and children. The Iroquois surrounded the huts, and captured all the shrieking28 inmates29. Then ten of them set out 308 to find the traces of the absent hunters. They soon met the renowned30 Piskaret returning alone. As they recognized him and knew his mettle31, they thought treachery better than an open attack. They therefore approached him in the attitude of friends; while he, ignorant of the rupture32 of the treaty, began to sing his peace-song. Scarcely had they joined him, when one of them ran a sword through his body; and, having scalped him, they returned in triumph to their companions. [2] All the hunters were soon after waylaid33, overpowered by numbers, and killed or taken prisoners.
[2] Lalemant, Relation, 1647, 4. Marie de l'Incarnation, Lettre à son Fils. Québec, … 1647. Perrot's account, drawn34 from tradition, is different, though not essentially35 so.
Another band of the Mohawks had meanwhile pursued the other party of Algonquins, and overtaken them on the march, as, incumbered with their sledges36 and baggage, they were moving from one hunting-camp to another. Though taken by surprise, they made fight, and killed several of their assailants; but in a few moments their resistance was overcome, and those who survived the fray37 were helpless in the clutches of the enraged38 victors. Then began a massacre39 of the old, the disabled, and the infants, with the usual beating, gashing40, and severing41 of fingers to the rest. The next day, the two bands of Mohawks, each with its troop of captives fast bound, met at an appointed spot on the Lake of St. Peter, and greeted each other with yells of exultation42, with which mingled43 309 a wail44 of anguish45, as the prisoners of either party recognized their companions in misery46. They all kneeled in the midst of their savage conquerors47, and one of the men, a noted48 convert, after a few words of exhortation49, repeated in a loud voice a prayer, to which the rest responded. Then they sang an Algonquin hymn50, while the Iroquois, who at first had stared in wonder, broke into laughter and derision, and at length fell upon them with renewed fury. One was burned alive on the spot. Another tried to escape, and they burned the soles of his feet that he might not repeat the attempt. Many others were maimed and mangled51; and some of the women who afterwards escaped affirmed, that, in ridicule52 of the converts, they crucified a small child by nailing it with wooden spikes53 against a thick sheet of bark.
The prisoners were led to the Mohawk towns; and it is needless to repeat the monotonous54 and revolting tale of torture and death. The men, as usual, were burned; but the lives of the women and children were spared, in order to strengthen the conquerors by their adoption,—not, however, until both, but especially the women, had been made to endure the extremes of suffering and indignity55. Several of them from time to time escaped, and reached Canada with the story of their woes56. Among these was Marie, the wife of Jean Baptiste, one of the principal Algonquin converts, captured and burned with the rest. Early in June, she appeared in a canoe at Montreal, where Madame d'Ailleboust, to whom she was well 310 known, received her with great kindness, and led her to her room in the fort. Here Marie was overcome with emotion. Madame d'Ailleboust spoke57 Algonquin with ease; and her words of sympathy, joined to the associations of a place where the unhappy fugitive58, with her murdered husband and child, had often found a friendly welcome, so wrought59 upon her, that her voice was smothered60 with sobs61.
She had once before been a prisoner of the Iroquois, at the town of Onondaga. When she and her companions in misfortune had reached the Mohawk towns, she was recognized by several Onondagas who chanced to be there, and who, partly by threats and partly by promises, induced her to return with them to the scene of her former captivity62, where they assured her of good treatment. With their aid, she escaped from the Mohawks, and set out with them for Onondaga. On their way, they passed the great town of the Oneidas; and her conductors, fearing that certain Mohawks who were there would lay claim to her, found a hiding-place for her in the forest, where they gave her food, and told her to wait their return. She lay concealed63 all day, and at night approached the town, under cover of darkness. A dull red glare of flames rose above the jagged tops of the palisade that encompassed64 it; and, from the pandemonium65 within, an uproar66 of screams, yells, and bursts of laughter told her that they were burning one of her captive countrymen. She gazed and listened, shivering with cold and aghast with horror. The thought 311 possessed67 her that she would soon share his fate, and she resolved to fly. The ground was still covered with snow, and her footprints would infallibly have betrayed her, if she had not, instead of turning towards home, followed the beaten Indian path westward68. She journeyed on, confused and irresolute69, and tortured between terror and hunger. At length she approached Onondaga, a few miles from the present city of Syracuse, and hid herself in a dense70 thicket11 of spruce or cedar71, whence she crept forth72 at night, to grope in the half-melted snow for a few ears of corn, left from the last year's harvest. She saw many Indians from her lurking-place, and once a tall savage, with an axe73 on his shoulder, advanced directly towards the spot where she lay: but, in the extremity74 of her fright, she murmured a prayer, on which he turned and changed his course. The fate that awaited her, if she remained,—for a fugitive could not hope for mercy,—and the scarcely less terrible dangers of the pitiless wilderness75 between her and Canada, filled her with despair, for she was half dead already with hunger and cold. She tied her girdle to the bough76 of a tree, and hung herself from it by the neck. The cord broke. She repeated the attempt with the same result, and then the thought came to her that God meant to save her life. The snow by this time had melted in the forests, and she began her journey for home, with a few handfuls of corn as her only provision. She directed her course by the sun, and for food dug roots, peeled the soft inner bark of trees, and sometimes 312 caught tortoises in the muddy brooks78. She had the good fortune to find a hatchet22 in a deserted79 camp, and with it made one of those wooden implements80 which the Indians used for kindling81 fire by friction82. This saved her from her worst suffering; for she had no covering but a thin tunic83, which left her legs and arms bare, and exposed her at night to tortures of cold. She built her fire in some deep nook of the forest, warmed herself, cooked what food she had found, told her rosary on her fingers, and slept till daylight, when she always threw water on the embers, lest the rising smoke should attract attention. Once she discovered a party of Iroquois hunters; but she lay concealed, and they passed without seeing her. She followed their trail back, and found their bark canoe, which they had hidden near the bank of a river. It was too large for her use; but, as she was a practised canoe-maker, she reduced it to a convenient size, embarked84 in it, and descended85 the stream. At length she reached the St. Lawrence, and paddled with the current towards Montreal. On islands and rocky shores she found eggs of water-fowl in abundance; and she speared fish with a sharpened pole, hardened at the point with fire. She even killed deer, by driving them into the water, chasing them in her canoe, and striking them on the head with her hatchet. When she landed at Montreal, her canoe had still a good store of eggs and dried venison. [3]
[3] This story is taken from the Relation of 1647, and the letter of Marie de l'Incarnation to her son, before cited. The woman must have 313 descended the great rapids of Lachine in her canoe: a feat86 demanding no ordinary nerve and skill.
Her journey from Onondaga had occupied about two months, under hardships which no woman but a squaw could have survived. Escapes not less remarkable87 of several other women are chronicled in the records of this year; and one of them, with a notable feat of arms which attended it, calls for a brief notice.
Eight Algonquins, in one of those fits of desperate valor88 which sometimes occur in Indians, entered at midnight a camp where thirty or forty Iroquois warriors were buried in sleep, and with quick, sharp blows of their tomahawks began to brain them as they lay. They killed ten of them on the spot, and wounded many more. The rest, panic-stricken and bewildered by the surprise and the thick darkness, fled into the forest, leaving all they had in the hands of the victors, including a number of Algonquin captives, of whom one had been unwittingly killed by his countrymen in the confusion. Another captive, a woman, had escaped on a previous night. They had stretched her on her back, with limbs extended, and bound her wrists and ankles to four stakes firmly driven into the earth,—their ordinary mode of securing prisoners. Then, as usual, they all fell asleep. She presently became aware that the cord that bound one of her wrists was somewhat loose, and, by long and painful efforts, she freed her hand. To release the other hand and her feet was then comparatively easy. She cautiously rose. Around her, 314 breathing in deep sleep, lay stretched the dark forms of the unconscious warriors, scarcely visible in the gloom. She stepped over them to the entrance of the hut; and here, as she was passing out, she descried a hatchet on the ground. The temptation was too strong for her Indian nature. She seized it, and struck again and again, with all her force, on the skull89 of the Iroquois who lay at the entrance. The sound of the blows, and the convulsive struggles of the victim, roused the sleepers90. They sprang up, groping in the dark, and demanding of each other what was the matter. At length they lighted a roll of birch-bark, found their prisoner gone and their comrade dead, and rushed out in a rage in search of the fugitive. She, meanwhile, instead of running away, had hid herself in the hollow of a tree, which she had observed the evening before. Her pursuers ran through the dark woods, shouting and whooping91 to each other; and when all had passed, she crept from her hiding-place, and fled in an opposite direction. In the morning they found her tracks and followed them. On the second day they had overtaken and surrounded her, when, hearing their cries on all sides, she gave up all hope. But near at hand, in the thickest depths of the forest, the beavers92 had dammed a brook77 and formed a pond, full of gnawed93 stumps94, dead fallen trees, rank weeds, and tangled95 bushes. She plunged96 in, and, swimming and wading97, found a hiding-place, where her body was concealed by the water, and her head by the masses of dead and living vegetation. Her pursuers were at 315 fault, and, after a long search, gave up the chase in despair. Shivering, naked, and half-starved, she crawled out from her wild asylum98, and resumed her flight. By day, the briers and bushes tore her unprotected limbs; by night, she shivered with cold, and the mosquitoes and small black gnats99 of the forest persecuted100 her with torments101 which the modern sportsman will appreciate. She subsisted102 on such roots, bark, reptiles103, or other small animals, as her Indian habits enabled her to gather on her way. She crossed streams by swimming, or on rafts of driftwood, lashed104 together with strips of linden-bark; and at length reached the St. Lawrence, where, with the aid of her hatchet, she made a canoe. Her home was on the Ottawa, and she was ignorant of the great river, or, at least, of this part of it. She had scarcely even seen a Frenchman, but had heard of the French as friends, and knew that their dwellings105 were on the banks of the St. Lawrence. This was her only guide; and she drifted on her way, doubtful whether the vast current would bear her to the abodes106 of the living or to the land of souls. She passed the watery107 wilderness of the Lake of St. Peter, and presently descried a Huron canoe. Fearing that it was an enemy, she hid herself, and resumed her voyage in the evening, when she soon came in sight of the wooden buildings and palisades of Three Rivers. Several Hurons saw her at the same moment, and made towards her; on which she leaped ashore108 and hid in the bushes, whence, being entirely109 without clothing, she would 316 not come out till one of them threw her his coat. Having wrapped herself in it, she went with them to the fort and the house of the Jesuits, in a wretched state of emaciation110, but in high spirits at the happy issue of her voyage. [4]
[4] Lalemant, Relation, 1647, 15, 16.
Such stories might be multiplied; but these will suffice. Nor is it necessary to dwell further on the bloody record of inroads, butcheries, and tortures. We have seen enough to show the nature of the scourge111 that now fell without mercy on the Indians and the French of Canada. There was no safety but in the imprisonment112 of palisades and ramparts. A deep dejection sank on the white and red men alike; but the Jesuits would not despair.
"Do not imagine," writes the Father Superior, "that the rage of the Iroquois, and the loss of many Christians113 and many catechumens, can bring to nought114 the mystery of the cross of Jesus Christ, and the efficacy of his blood. We shall die; we shall be captured, burned, butchered: be it so. Those who die in their beds do not always die the best death. I see none of our company cast down. On the contrary, they ask leave to go up to the Hurons, and some of them protest that the fires of the Iroquois are one of their motives115 for the journey." [5]
[5] Lalemant, Relation, 1647, 8.
点击收听单词发音
1 colonists | |
n.殖民地开拓者,移民,殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 ) | |
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2 intrepidity | |
n.大胆,刚勇;大胆的行为 | |
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3 contagion | |
n.(通过接触的疾病)传染;蔓延 | |
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4 warriors | |
武士,勇士,战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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5 miserable | |
adj.悲惨的,痛苦的;可怜的,糟糕的 | |
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6 beset | |
v.镶嵌;困扰,包围 | |
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7 savages | |
未开化的人,野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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8 savage | |
adj.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的;n.未开化的人 | |
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9 skulking | |
v.潜伏,偷偷摸摸地走动,鬼鬼祟祟地活动( skulk的现在分词 ) | |
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10 thickets | |
n.灌木丛( thicket的名词复数 );丛状物 | |
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11 thicket | |
n.灌木丛,树林 | |
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12 plundered | |
掠夺,抢劫( plunder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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13 garrison | |
n.卫戍部队;驻地,卫戍区;vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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14 semblance | |
n.外貌,外表 | |
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15 bloody | |
adj.非常的的;流血的;残忍的;adv.很;vt.血染 | |
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16 perfidious | |
adj.不忠的,背信弃义的 | |
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17 hardy | |
adj.勇敢的,果断的,吃苦的;耐寒的 | |
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18 chapel | |
n.小教堂,殡仪馆 | |
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19 Christian | |
adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒 | |
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20 scent | |
n.气味,香味,香水,线索,嗅觉;v.嗅,发觉 | |
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21 hatchets | |
n.短柄小斧( hatchet的名词复数 );恶毒攻击;诽谤;休战 | |
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22 hatchet | |
n.短柄小斧;v.扼杀 | |
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23 bent | |
n.爱好,癖好;adj.弯的;决心的,一心的 | |
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24 darting | |
v.投掷,投射( dart的现在分词 );向前冲,飞奔 | |
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25 recesses | |
n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 );(工作或业务活动的)中止或暂停期间;学校的课间休息;某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 );将(墙)做成凹形,在(墙)上做壁龛;休息,休会,休庭 | |
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26 prey | |
n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食;v.捕食,掠夺,折磨 | |
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27 descried | |
adj.被注意到的,被发现的,被看到的 | |
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28 shrieking | |
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29 inmates | |
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30 renowned | |
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31 mettle | |
n.勇气,精神 | |
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32 rupture | |
n.破裂;(关系的)决裂;v.(使)破裂 | |
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33 waylaid | |
v.拦截,拦路( waylay的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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34 drawn | |
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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35 essentially | |
adv.本质上,实质上,基本上 | |
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36 sledges | |
n.雪橇,雪车( sledge的名词复数 )v.乘雪橇( sledge的第三人称单数 );用雪橇运载 | |
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37 fray | |
v.争吵;打斗;磨损,磨破;n.吵架;打斗 | |
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38 enraged | |
使暴怒( enrage的过去式和过去分词 ); 歜; 激愤 | |
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39 massacre | |
n.残杀,大屠杀;v.残杀,集体屠杀 | |
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40 gashing | |
v.划伤,割破( gash的现在分词 ) | |
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41 severing | |
v.切断,断绝( sever的现在分词 );断,裂 | |
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42 exultation | |
n.狂喜,得意 | |
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43 mingled | |
混合,混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 ); 混进,与…交往[联系] | |
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44 wail | |
vt./vi.大声哀号,恸哭;呼啸,尖啸 | |
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45 anguish | |
n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦,烦恼 | |
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46 misery | |
n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦 | |
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47 conquerors | |
征服者,占领者( conqueror的名词复数 ) | |
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48 noted | |
adj.著名的,知名的 | |
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49 exhortation | |
n.劝告,规劝 | |
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50 hymn | |
n.赞美诗,圣歌,颂歌 | |
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51 mangled | |
vt.乱砍(mangle的过去式与过去分词形式) | |
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52 ridicule | |
v.讥讽,挖苦;n.嘲弄 | |
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53 spikes | |
n.穗( spike的名词复数 );跑鞋;(防滑)鞋钉;尖状物v.加烈酒于( spike的第三人称单数 );偷偷地给某人的饮料加入(更多)酒精( 或药物);把尖状物钉入;打乱某人的计划 | |
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54 monotonous | |
adj.单调的,一成不变的,使人厌倦的 | |
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55 indignity | |
n.侮辱,伤害尊严,轻蔑 | |
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56 woes | |
困境( woe的名词复数 ); 悲伤; 我好苦哇; 某人就要倒霉 | |
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57 spoke | |
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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58 fugitive | |
adj.逃亡的,易逝的;n.逃犯,逃亡者 | |
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59 wrought | |
v.引起;以…原料制作;运转;adj.制造的 | |
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60 smothered | |
(使)窒息, (使)透不过气( smother的过去式和过去分词 ); 覆盖; 忍住; 抑制 | |
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61 sobs | |
啜泣(声),呜咽(声)( sob的名词复数 ) | |
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62 captivity | |
n.囚禁;被俘;束缚 | |
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63 concealed | |
a.隐藏的,隐蔽的 | |
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64 encompassed | |
v.围绕( encompass的过去式和过去分词 );包围;包含;包括 | |
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65 pandemonium | |
n.喧嚣,大混乱 | |
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66 uproar | |
n.骚动,喧嚣,鼎沸 | |
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67 possessed | |
adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的 | |
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68 westward | |
n.西方,西部;adj.西方的,向西的;adv.向西 | |
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69 irresolute | |
adj.无决断的,优柔寡断的,踌躇不定的 | |
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70 dense | |
a.密集的,稠密的,浓密的;密度大的 | |
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71 cedar | |
n.雪松,香柏(木) | |
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72 forth | |
adv.向前;向外,往外 | |
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73 axe | |
n.斧子;v.用斧头砍,削减 | |
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74 extremity | |
n.末端,尽头;尽力;终极;极度 | |
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75 wilderness | |
n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等,荒漠 | |
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76 bough | |
n.大树枝,主枝 | |
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77 brook | |
n.小河,溪;v.忍受,容让 | |
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78 brooks | |
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79 deserted | |
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80 implements | |
n.工具( implement的名词复数 );家具;手段;[法律]履行(契约等)v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 );执行;贯彻;使生效 | |
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81 kindling | |
n. 点火, 可燃物 动词kindle的现在分词形式 | |
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82 friction | |
n.摩擦,摩擦力 | |
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83 tunic | |
n.束腰外衣 | |
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84 embarked | |
乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 ); 装载; 从事 | |
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85 descended | |
a.为...后裔的,出身于...的 | |
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86 feat | |
n.功绩;武艺,技艺;adj.灵巧的,漂亮的,合适的 | |
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87 remarkable | |
adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的 | |
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88 valor | |
n.勇气,英勇 | |
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89 skull | |
n.头骨;颅骨 | |
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90 sleepers | |
n.卧铺(通常以复数形式出现);卧车( sleeper的名词复数 );轨枕;睡觉(呈某种状态)的人;小耳环 | |
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91 whooping | |
发嗬嗬声的,发咳声的 | |
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92 beavers | |
海狸( beaver的名词复数 ); 海狸皮毛; 棕灰色; 拼命工作的人 | |
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93 gnawed | |
咬( gnaw的过去式和过去分词 ); (长时间) 折磨某人; (使)苦恼; (长时间)危害某事物 | |
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94 stumps | |
(被砍下的树的)树桩( stump的名词复数 ); 残肢; (板球三柱门的)柱; 残余部分 | |
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95 tangled | |
adj. 纠缠的,紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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96 plunged | |
v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 );暴跌;骤降;突降 | |
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97 wading | |
(从水、泥等)蹚,走过,跋( wade的现在分词 ) | |
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98 asylum | |
n.避难所,庇护所,避难 | |
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99 gnats | |
n.叮人小虫( gnat的名词复数 ) | |
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100 persecuted | |
(尤指宗教或政治信仰的)迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 ); 烦扰,困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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101 torments | |
(肉体或精神上的)折磨,痛苦( torment的名词复数 ); 造成痛苦的事物[人] | |
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102 subsisted | |
v.(靠很少的钱或食物)维持生活,生存下去( subsist的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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103 reptiles | |
n.爬行动物,爬虫( reptile的名词复数 ) | |
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104 lashed | |
adj.具睫毛的v.鞭打( lash的过去式和过去分词 );煽动;紧系;怒斥 | |
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105 dwellings | |
n.住处,处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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106 abodes | |
住所( abode的名词复数 ); 公寓; (在某地的)暂住; 逗留 | |
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107 watery | |
adj.有水的,水汪汪的;湿的,湿润的 | |
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108 ashore | |
adv.在(向)岸上,上岸 | |
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109 entirely | |
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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110 emaciation | |
n.消瘦,憔悴,衰弱 | |
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111 scourge | |
n.灾难,祸害;v.蹂躏 | |
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112 imprisonment | |
n.关押,监禁,坐牢 | |
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113 Christians | |
n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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114 nought | |
n./adj.无,零 | |
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115 motives | |
n.动机,目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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