WOLFE.
The Exiles of Fort Cumberland ? Relief ? The Voyage to Louisbourg ? The British Fleet ? Expedition against Quebec ? Early Life of Wolfe ? His Character ? His Letters to his Parents ? His Domestic Qualities ? Appointed to command the Expedition ? Sails for America.
Captain John Knox, of the forty-third regiment1, had spent the winter in garrison2 at Fort Cumberland, on the hill of Beauséjour. For nearly two years he and his comrades had been exiles amid the wilds of Nova Scotia, and the monotonous3 inaction was becoming insupportable. The great marsh4 of Tantemar on the one side, and that of Missaguash on the other, two vast flat tracts5 of glaring snow, bounded by dark hills of spruce and fir, were hateful to their sight. Shooting, fishing, or skating were a dangerous relief; for the neighborhood was infested6 by "vermin," as they called the Acadians and their Micmac allies. In January four soldiers and a ranger7 were waylaid8 not far from the fort, disabled by bullets, and then scalped alive. They were found the next morning on the snow, contorted in the agonies of death, and frozen like marble statues. 182
V2 St. Patrick's Day brought more cheerful excitements. The Irish officers of the garrison gave their comrades a feast, having laid in during the autumn a stock of frozen provisions, that the festival of their saint might be duly honored. All was hilarity9 at Fort Cumberland, where it is recorded that punch to the value of twelve pounds sterling10, with a corresponding supply of wine and beer, was consumed on this joyous11 occasion. [697]
[697] Knox, Historical Journal, I. 228.
About the middle of April a schooner12 came up the bay, bringing letters that filled men and officers with delight. The regiment was ordered to hold itself ready to embark13 for Louisbourg and join an expedition to the St. Lawrence, under command of Major-General Wolfe. All that afternoon the soldiers were shouting and cheering in their barracks; and when they mustered14 for the evening roll-call, there was another burst of huzzas. They waited in expectancy15 nearly three weeks, and then the transports which were to carry them arrived, bringing the provincials16 who had been hastily raised in New England to take their place. These Knox describes as a mean-looking set of fellows, of all ages and sizes, and without any kind of discipline; adding that their officers are sober, modest men, who, though of confined ideas, talk very clearly and sensibly, and make a decent appearance in blue, faced with scarlet17, though the privates have no uniform at all.
At last the forty-third set sail, the cannon18 of the fort saluting19 them, and the soldiers cheering 183
V2 lustily, overjoyed to escape from their long imprisonment21. A gale22 soon began; the transports became separated; Knox's vessel23 sheltered herself for a time in Passamaquoddy Bay; then passed the Grand Menan, and steered24 southward and eastward25 along the coast of Nova Scotia. A calm followed the gale; and they moved so slowly that Knox beguiled26 the time by fishing over the stern, and caught a halibut so large that he was forced to call for help to pull it in. Then they steered northeastward, now lost in fogs, and now tossed mercilessly on those boisterous27 waves; till, on the twenty-fourth of May, they saw a rocky and surf-lashed shore, with a forest of masts rising to all appearance out of it. It was the British fleet in the land-locked harbor of Louisbourg.
On the left, as they sailed through the narrow passage, lay the town, scarred with shot and shell, the red cross floating over its battered28 ramparts; and around in a wide semicircle rose the bristling29 back of rugged30 hills, set thick with dismal31 evergreens32. They passed the great ships of the fleet, and anchored among the other transports towards the head of the harbor. It was not yet free from ice; and the floating masses lay so thick in some parts that the reckless sailors, returning from leave on shore, jumped from one to another to regain33 their ships. There was a review of troops, and Knox went to see it; but it was over before he reached the place, where he was presently told of a characteristic reply just made by Wolfe to some officers who had apologized for not having 184
V2 taught their men the new exercise. "Poh, poh!—new exercise—new fiddlestick. If they are otherwise well disciplined, and will fight, that's all I shall require of them."
Knox does not record his impressions of his new commander, which must have been disappointing. He called him afterwards a British Achilles; but in person at least Wolfe bore no likeness34 to the son of Peleus, for never was the soul of a hero cased in a frame so incongruous. His face, when seen in profile, was singular as that of the Great Condé. The forehead and chin receded35; the nose, slightly upturned, formed with the other features the point of an obtuse36 triangle; the mouth was by no means shaped to express resolution; and nothing but the clear, bright, and piercing eye bespoke37 the spirit within. On his head he wore a black three-cornered hat; his red hair was tied in a queue behind; his narrow shoulders, slender body, and long, thin limbs were cased in a scarlet frock, with broad cuffs38 and ample skirts that reached the knee; while on his left arm he wore a band of crape in mourning for his father, of whose death he had heard a few days before.
James Wolfe was in his thirty-third year. His father was an officer of distinction, Major-General Edward Wolfe, and he himself, a delicate and sensitive child, but an impetuous and somewhat headstrong youth, had served the King since the age of fifteen. From childhood he had dreamed of the army and the wars. At sixteen he was in Flanders, adjutant of his regiment, discharging the 185
V2 duties of the post in a way that gained him early promotion39 and, along with a painstaking40 assiduity, showing a precocious41 faculty42 for commanding men. He passed with credit through several campaigns, took part in the victory of Dettingen, and then went to Scotland to fight at Culloden. Next we find him at Stirling, Perth, and Glasgow, always ardent43 and always diligent44, constant in military duty, and giving his spare hours to mathematics and Latin. He presently fell in love; and being disappointed, plunged45 into a variety of dissipations, contrary to his usual habits, which were far above the standard of that profligate46 time.
At twenty-three he was a lieutenant-colonel, commanding his regiment in the then dirty and barbarous town of Inverness, amid a disaffected47 and turbulent population whom it was his duty to keep in order: a difficult task, which he accomplished48 so well as to gain the special commendation of the King, and even the goodwill49 of the Highlanders themselves. He was five years among these northern hills, battling with ill-health, and restless under the intellectual barrenness of his surroundings. He felt his position to be in no way salutary, and wrote to his mother: "The fear of becoming a mere50 ruffian and of imbibing51 the tyrannical principles of an absolute commander, or giving way insensibly to the temptations of power till I became proud, insolent52, and intolerable,—these considerations will make me wish to leave the regiment before next winter; that by frequenting men above myself I may know my true condition, and by discoursing53 186
V2 with the other sex may learn some civility and mildness of carriage." He got leave of absence, and spent six months in Paris, where he was presented at Court and saw much of the best society. This did not prevent him from working hard to perfect himself in French, as well as in horsemanship, fencing, dancing, and other accomplishments54, and from earnestly seeking an opportunity to study the various armies of Europe. In this he was thwarted55 by the stupidity and prejudice of the commander-in-chief; and he made what amends56 he could by extensive reading in all that bore on military matters.
His martial57 instincts were balanced by strong domestic inclinations58. He was fond of children; and after his disappointment in love used to say that they were the only true inducement to marriage. He was a most dutiful son, and wrote continually to both his parents. Sometimes he would philosophize on the good and ill of life; sometimes he held questionings with his conscience; and once he wrote to his mother in a strain of self-accusation not to be expected from a bold and determined59 soldier. His nature was a compound of tenderness and fire, which last sometimes showed itself in sharp and unpleasant flashes. His excitable temper was capable almost of fierceness, and he could now and then be needlessly stern; but towards his father, mother, and friends he was a model of steady affection. He made friends readily, and kept them, and was usually a pleasant companion, though subject to sallies of imperious irritability60 which occasionally broke through his strong 187
V2 sense of good breeding. For this his susceptible61 constitution was largely answerable, for he was a living barometer62, and his spirits rose and fell with every change of weather. In spite of his impatient outbursts, the officers whom he had commanded remained attached to him for life; and, in spite of his rigorous discipline, he was beloved by his soldiers, to whose comfort he was always attentive63. Frankness, directness, essential good feeling, and a high integrity atoned64 for all his faults.
In his own view, as expressed to his mother, he was a person of very moderate abilities, aided by more than usual diligence; but this modest judgment65 of himself by no means deprived him of self-confidence, nor, in time of need, of self-assertion. He delighted in every kind of hardihood; and, in his contempt for effeminacy, once said to his mother: "Better be a savage66 of some use than a gentle, amorous67 puppy, obnoxious68 to all the world." He was far from despising fame; but the controlling principles of his life were duty to his country and his profession, loyalty69 to the King, and fidelity70 to his own ideal of the perfect soldier. To the parent who was the confidant of his most intimate thoughts he said: "All that I wish for myself is that I may at all times be ready and firm to meet that fate we cannot shun71, and to die gracefully72 and properly when the hour comes." Never was wish more signally fulfilled. Again he tells her: "My utmost desire and ambition is to look steadily73 upon danger;" and his desire was accomplished. His intrepidity74 was complete. No 188
V2 form of death had power to daunt75 him. Once and again, when bound on some deadly enterprise of war, he calmly counts the chances whether or not he can compel his feeble body to bear him on till the work is done. A frame so delicately strung could not have been insensible to danger; but forgetfulness of self, and the absorption of every faculty in the object before him, shut out the sense of fear. He seems always to have been at his best in the thick of battle; most complete in his mastery over himself and over others.
But it is in the intimacies76 of domestic life that one sees him most closely, and especially in his letters to his mother, from whom he inherited his frail77 constitution, without the beauty that distinguished78 her. "The greatest happiness that I wish for here is to see you happy." "If you stay much at home I will come and shut myself up with you for three weeks or a month, and play at piquet from morning till night; and you shall laugh at my short red hair as much as you please." The playing at piquet was a sacrifice to filial attachment79; for the mother loved cards, and the son did not. "Don't trouble yourself about my room or my bedclothes; too much care and delicacy80 at this time would enervate81 me and complete the destruction of a tottering82 constitution. Such as it is, it must serve me now, and I'll make the best of it while it holds." At the beginning of the war his father tried to dissuade83 him from offering his services on board the fleet; and he replies in a letter to Mrs. Wolfe: "It is no time to think of what is 189
V2 convenient or agreeable; that service is certainly the best in which we are the most useful. For my part, I am determined never to give myself a moment's concern about the nature of the duty which His Majesty84 is pleased to order us upon. It will be a sufficient comfort to you two, as far as my person is concerned,—at least it will be a reasonable consolation,—to reflect that the Power which has hitherto preserved me may, if it be his pleasure, continue to do so; if not, that it is but a few days or a few years more or less, and that those who perish in their duty and in the service of their country die honorably." Then he proceeds to give particular directions about his numerous dogs, for the welfare of which in his absence he provides with anxious solicitude85, especially for "my friend C?sar, who has great merit and much good-humor."
After the unfortunate expedition against Rochefort, when the board of general officers appointed to inquire into the affair were passing the highest encomiums upon his conduct, his parents were at Bath, and he took possession of their house at Blackheath, whence he wrote to his mother: "I lie in your chamber86, dress in the General's little parlor87, and dine where you did. The most perceptible difference and change of affairs (exclusive of the bad table I keep) is the number of dogs in the yard; but by coaxing88 Ball [his father's dog] and rubbing his back with my stick, I have reconciled him with the new ones, and put them in some measure under his protection."
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V2 When about to sail on the expedition against Louisbourg, he was anxious for his parents, and wrote to his uncle, Major Wolfe, at Dublin: "I trust you will give the best advice to my mother, and such assistance, if it should be wanted, as the distance between you will permit. I mention this because the General seems to decline apace, and narrowly escaped being carried off in the spring. She, poor woman, is in a bad state of health, and needs the care of some friendly hand. She has long and painful fits of illness, which by succession and inheritance are likely to devolve on me, since I feel the early symptoms of them." Of his friends Guy Carleton, afterwards Lord Dorchester, and George Warde, the companion of his boyhood, he also asks help for his mother in his absence.
His part in the taking of Louisbourg greatly increased his reputation. After his return he went to Bath to recruit his health; and it seems to have been here that he wooed and won Miss Katherine Lowther, daughter of an ex-Governor of Barbadoes, and sister of the future Lord Lonsdale. A betrothal89 took place, and Wolfe wore her portrait till the night before his death. It was a little before this engagement that he wrote to his friend Lieutenant-Colonel Rickson: "I have this day signified to Mr. Pitt that he may dispose of my slight carcass as he pleases, and that I am ready for any undertaking90 within the compass of my skill and cunning. I am in a very bad condition both with the gravel91 and rheumatism92; 191
V2 but I had much rather die than decline any kind of service that offers. If I followed my own taste it would lead me into Germany. However, it is not our part to choose, but to obey. My opinion is that I shall join the army in America."
Pitt chose him to command the expedition then fitting out against Quebec; made him a major-general, though, to avoid giving offence to older officers, he was to hold that rank in America alone; and permitted him to choose his own staff. Appointments made for merit, and not through routine and patronage93, shocked the Duke of Newcastle, to whom a man like Wolfe was a hopeless enigma94; and he told George II. that Pitt's new general was mad. "Mad is he?" returned the old King; "then I hope he will bite some others of my generals."
At the end of January the fleet was almost ready, and Wolfe wrote to his uncle Walter: "I am to act a greater part in this business than I wished. The backwardness of some of the older officers has in some measure forced the Government to come down so low. I shall do my best, and leave the rest to fortune, as perforce we must when there are not the most commanding abilities. We expect to sail in about three weeks. A London life and little exercise disagrees entirely95 with me, but the sea still more. If I have health and constitution enough for the campaign, I shall think myself a lucky man; what happens afterwards is of no great consequence." He sent to his 192
V2 mother an affectionate letter of farewell, went to Spithead, embarked96 with Admiral Saunders in the ship "Neptune," and set sail on the seventeenth of February. In a few hours the whole squadron was at sea, the transports, the frigates97, and the great line-of-battle ships, with their ponderous98 armament and their freight of rude humanity armed and trained for destruction; while on the heaving deck of the "Neptune," wretched with sea-sickness and racked with pain, stood the gallant99 invalid100 who was master of it all.
The fleet consisted of twenty-two ships of the line, with frigates, sloops-of-war, and a great number of transports. When Admiral Saunders arrived with his squadron off Louisbourg, he found the entrance blocked by ice, and was forced to seek harborage at Halifax. The squadron of Admiral Holmes, which had sailed a few days earlier, proceeded to New York to take on board troops destined101 for the expedition, while the squadron of Admiral Durell steered for the St. Lawrence to intercept102 the expected ships from France.
In May the whole fleet, except the ten ships with Durell, was united in the harbor of Louisbourg. Twelve thousand troops were to have been employed for the expedition; but several regiments103 expected from the West Indies were for some reason countermanded104, while the accessions from New York and the Nova Scotia garrisons105 fell far short of the looked-for numbers. Three weeks before leaving Louisbourg, Wolfe writes to his uncle Walter that he has an army of nine thousand 193
V2 men. The actual number seems to have been somewhat less. [698] "Our troops are good," he informs Pitt; "and if valor106 can make amends for the want of numbers, we shall probably succeed."
[698] See Grenville Correspondence, I. 305.
Three brigadiers, all in the early prime of life, held command under him: Monckton, Townshend, and Murray. They were all his superiors in birth, and one of them, Townshend, never forgot that he was so. "George Townshend," says Walpole, "has thrust himself again into the service; and, as far as wrongheadedness will go, is very proper for a hero." [699] The same caustic107 writer says further that he was of "a proud, sullen108, and contemptuous temper," and that he "saw everything in an ill-natured and ridiculous light." [700] Though his perverse109 and envious110 disposition111 made him a difficult colleague, Townshend had both talents and energy; as also had Monckton, the same officer who commanded at the capture of Beauséjour in 1755. Murray, too, was well matched to the work in hand, in spite of some lingering remains112 of youthful rashness.
[699] Horace Walpole, Letters III. 207 (ed. Cunningham, 1857).
[700] Ibid. George II., II. 345.
On the sixth of June the last ship of the fleet sailed out of Louisbourg harbor, the troops cheering and the officers drinking to the toast, "British colors on every French fort, port, and garrison in America." The ships that had gone before lay to till the whole fleet was reunited, and then all 194
V2 steered together for the St. Lawrence. From the headland of Cape20 Egmont, the Micmac hunter, gazing far out over the shimmering113 sea, saw the horizon flecked with their canvas wings, as they bore northward114 on their errand of havoc115.
Note.—For the material of the foregoing sketch116 of Wolfe I am indebted to Wright's excellent Life of him and the numerous letters contained in it. Several autograph letters which have escaped the notice of Mr. Wright are preserved in the Public Record Office. The following is a characteristic passage from one of these, written on board the "Neptune," at sea, on the sixth of June, the day when the fleet sailed from Louisbourg. It is directed to a nobleman of high rank in the army, whose name does not appear, the address being lost (War Office Records: North America, various, 1756-1763): "I have had the honour to receive two letters from your Lordship, one of an old date, concerning my stay in this country [after the capture of Louisbourg], in answer to which I shall only say that the Marshal told me I was to return at the end of the campaign; and as General Amherst had no other commands than to send me to winter at Halifax under the orders of an officer [Brigadier Lawrence] who was but a few months before put over my head, I thought it was much better to get into the way of service and out of the way of being insulted; and as the style of your Lordship's letter is pretty strong, I must take the liberty to inform you that … rather than receive orders in the Government [of Nova Scotia] from an officer younger than myself (though a very worthy117 man), I should certainly have desired leave to resign my commission; for as I neither ask nor expect any favour, so I never intend to submit to any ill-usage whatsoever118."
Many other papers in the Public Record Office have been consulted in preparing the above chapter, including the secret instructions of the King to Wolfe and to Saunders, and the letters of Amherst to Wolfe and to Pitt. Other correspondence touching119 the same subjects is printed in Selections from the Public Documents of Nova Scotia, 441-450. Knox, Mante, and Entick are the best contemporary printed sources.
A story has gained currency respecting the last interview of Wolfe with Pitt, in which he is said to have flourished his sword and boasted of what he would achieve. This anecdote120 was told by Lord Temple, who was present at the interview, to Mr. Grenville, who, many years after, told it to Earl Stanhope, by whom it was made public. That the incident underwent essential changes in the course of these transmissions,—which extended over more than half a century, for Earl Stanhope was not born till 1805,—can never be doubted by one who considers the known character of Wolfe, who may have uttered some vehement121 expression, but who can never be suspected of gasconade.
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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monotonous
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| adj.单调的，一成不变的，使人厌倦的 | |
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marsh
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| n.沼泽，湿地 | |
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tracts
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| 大片土地( tract的名词复数 )； 地带； （体内的）道； （尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的）短文 | |
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infested
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| adj.为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v.害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词 )；遍布于 | |
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ranger
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| n.国家公园管理员，护林员；骑兵巡逻队员 | |
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waylaid
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| v.拦截，拦路( waylay的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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hilarity
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| n.欢乐；热闹 | |
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sterling
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| adj.英币的(纯粹的，货真价实的)；n.英国货币(英镑) | |
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joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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schooner
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| n.纵帆船 | |
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embark
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| vi.乘船，着手，从事，上飞机 | |
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mustered
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| v.集合，召集，集结（尤指部队）( muster的过去式和过去分词 )；（自他人处）搜集某事物；聚集；激发 | |
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expectancy
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| n.期望，预期，（根据概率统计求得）预期数额 | |
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provincials
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| n.首都以外的人，地区居民( provincial的名词复数 ) | |
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scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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saluting
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的现在分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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steered
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| v.驾驶( steer的过去式和过去分词 )；操纵；控制；引导 | |
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eastward
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| adv.向东；adj.向东的；n.东方，东部 | |
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beguiled
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| v.欺骗( beguile的过去式和过去分词 )；使陶醉；使高兴；消磨（时间等） | |
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boisterous
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| adj.喧闹的，欢闹的 | |
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battered
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| adj.磨损的；v.连续猛击；磨损 | |
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bristling
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| a.竖立的 | |
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rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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evergreens
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| n.常青树，常绿植物，万年青( evergreen的名词复数 ) | |
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regain
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| vt.重新获得，收复，恢复 | |
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likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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receded
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的过去式和过去分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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obtuse
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| adj.钝的；愚钝的 | |
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bespoke
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| adj.（产品）订做的；专做订货的v.预定( bespeak的过去式 )；订（货）；证明；预先请求 | |
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cuffs
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| n.袖口( cuff的名词复数 )v.掌打，拳打( cuff的第三人称单数 ) | |
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promotion
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| n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传 | |
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painstaking
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| adj.苦干的；艰苦的，费力的，刻苦的 | |
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precocious
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| adj.早熟的；较早显出的 | |
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faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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diligent
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| adj.勤勉的，勤奋的 | |
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plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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profligate
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| adj.行为不检的；n.放荡的人，浪子，肆意挥霍者 | |
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disaffected
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| adj.（政治上）不满的，叛离的 | |
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48
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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49
goodwill
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| n.善意，亲善，信誉，声誉 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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imbibing
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| v.吸收( imbibe的现在分词 )；喝；吸取；吸气 | |
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52
insolent
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| adj.傲慢的，无理的 | |
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53
discoursing
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| 演说（discourse的现在分词形式） | |
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accomplishments
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| n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就 | |
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thwarted
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| 阻挠( thwart的过去式和过去分词 )； 使受挫折； 挫败； 横过 | |
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amends
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| n. 赔偿 | |
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martial
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| adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的 | |
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inclinations
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| 倾向( inclination的名词复数 )； 倾斜； 爱好； 斜坡 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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irritability
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| n.易怒 | |
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susceptible
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| adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的 | |
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barometer
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| n.气压表，睛雨表，反应指标 | |
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attentive
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| adj.注意的，专心的；关心(别人)的，殷勤的 | |
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atoned
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| v.补偿，赎（罪）( atone的过去式和过去分词 )；补偿，弥补，赎回 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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amorous
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| adj.多情的；有关爱情的 | |
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obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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71
shun
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| vt.避开，回避，避免 | |
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gracefully
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| ad.大大方方地；优美地 | |
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steadily
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| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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intrepidity
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| n.大胆，刚勇；大胆的行为 | |
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daunt
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| vt.使胆怯，使气馁 | |
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intimacies
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| 亲密( intimacy的名词复数 )； 密切； 亲昵的言行； 性行为 | |
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frail
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| adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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enervate
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| v.使虚弱，使无力 | |
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tottering
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| adj.蹒跚的，动摇的v.走得或动得不稳( totter的现在分词 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠 | |
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dissuade
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| v.劝阻，阻止 | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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solicitude
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| n.焦虑 | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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parlor
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| n.店铺，营业室；会客室，客厅 | |
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coaxing
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| v.哄，用好话劝说( coax的现在分词 )；巧言骗取；哄劝，劝诱；“锻炼”效应 | |
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betrothal
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| n. 婚约, 订婚 | |
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undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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gravel
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| n.砂跞；砂砾层；结石 | |
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rheumatism
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| n.风湿病 | |
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patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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enigma
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| n.谜，谜一样的人或事 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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frigates
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| n.快速军舰( frigate的名词复数 ) | |
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ponderous
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| adj.沉重的，笨重的，(文章)冗长的 | |
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99
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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invalid
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| n.病人，伤残人；adj.有病的，伤残的；无效的 | |
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101
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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102
intercept
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| vt.拦截，截住，截击 | |
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103
regiments
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| （军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物 | |
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104
countermanded
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| v.取消（命令），撤回( countermand的过去分词 ) | |
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105
garrisons
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| 守备部队，卫戍部队( garrison的名词复数 ) | |
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106
valor
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| n.勇气，英勇 | |
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107
caustic
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| adj.刻薄的，腐蚀性的 | |
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108
sullen
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| adj.愠怒的，闷闷不乐的，(天气等)阴沉的 | |
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109
perverse
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| adj.刚愎的；坚持错误的，行为反常的 | |
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110
envious
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| adj.嫉妒的，羡慕的 | |
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111
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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112
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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113
shimmering
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| v.闪闪发光，发微光( shimmer的现在分词 ) | |
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114
northward
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| adv.向北；n.北方的地区 | |
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115
havoc
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| n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱 | |
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116
sketch
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| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
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117
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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118
whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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119
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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120
anecdote
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| n.轶事，趣闻，短故事 | |
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121
vehement
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| adj.感情强烈的；热烈的；(人)有强烈感情的 | |
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