It was during the more pleasant weather, that in due rotation1 with the other seamen2 my first mast-head came round.
In most American whalemen the mast-heads are manned almost simultaneously3 with the vessel's leaving her port; even though she may have fifteen thousand miles, and more, to sail ere reaching her proper cruising ground. And if, after a three, four, or five years' voyage she is drawing nigh home with anything empty in her--say, an empty vial even-- then, her mast-heads are kept manned to the last! and not till her skysail-poles sail in among the spires4 of the port, does she altogether relinquish5 the hope of capturing one whale more.
Now, as the business of standing6 mast-heads, ashore7 or afloat, is a very ancient and interesting one, let us in some measure expatiate8 here. I take it, that the earliest standers of mast-heads were the old Egyptians; because, in all my researches, I find none prior to them. For though their progenitors10, the builders of Babel, must doubtless, by their tower, have intended to rear the loftiest mast-head in all Asia, or Africa either; yet (ere the final truck was put to it) as that great stone mast of theirs may be said to have gone by the board, in the dread11 gale12 of God's wrath13; therefore, we cannot give these Babel builders priority over the Egyptians. And that the Egyptians were a nation of mast-head standers, is an assertion based upon the general belief among archaeologists, that the first pyramids were founded for astronomical14 purposes: a theory singularly supported by the peculiar15 stairlike formation of all four sides of those edifices16; whereby, with prodigious17 long upliftings of their legs, those old astronomers18 were wont19 to mount to the apex20, and sing out for new stars; even as the look-outs of a modern ship sing out for a sail, or a whale just bearing in sight. In Saint Stylites, the famous Christian22 hermit23 of old times, who built him a lofty stone pillar in the desert and spent the whole latter portion of his life on its summit, hoisting24 his food from the ground with a tackle; in him we have a remarkable25 instance of a dauntless stander-of-mast-heads; who was not to be driven from his place by fogs or frosts, rain, hail, or sleet26; but valiantly27 facing everything out to the last, literally28 died at his post. Of modern standers-of-mast-heads we have but a lifeless set; mere29 stone, iron, and bronze men; who, though well capable of facing out a stiff gale, are still entirely30 incompetent31 to the business of singing out upon discovering any strange sight. There is Napoleon; who, upon the top of the column of Vendome stands with arms folded, some one hundred and fifty feet in the air; careless, now, who rules the decks below, whether Louis Philippe, Louis Blanc, or Louis the Devil. Great Washington, too, stands high aloft on his towering main-mast in Baltimore, and like one of Hercules' pillars, his column marks that point of human grandeur32 beyond which few mortals will go. Admiral Nelson, also, on a capstan of gun-metal, stands his mast-head in Trafalgar Square; and even when most obscured by that London smoke, token is yet given that a hidden hero is there; for where there is smoke, must be fire. But neither great Washington, nor Napoleon, nor Nelson, will answer a single hail from below, however madly invoked33 to befriend by their counsels the distracted decks upon which they gaze; however it may be surmised34, that their spirits penetrate35 through the thick haze36 of the future, and descry37 what shoals and what rocks must be shunned38.
It may seem unwarrantable to couple in any respect the mast-head standers of the land with those of the sea; but that in truth it is not so, is plainly evinced by an item for which Obed Macy, the sole historian of Nantucket, stands accountable. The worthy39 Obed tells us, that in the early times of the whale fishery, ere ships were regularly launched in pursuit of the game, the people of that island erected40 lofty spars along the seacoast, to which the look-outs ascended41 by means of nailed cleats, something as fowls43 go upstairs in a hen-house. A few years ago this same plan was adopted by the Bay whalemen of New Zealand, who, upon descrying44 the game, gave notice to the ready-manned boats nigh the beach. But this custom has now become obsolete45; turn we then to the one proper mast-head, that of a whale-ship at sea. The three mast-heads are kept manned from sun-rise to sun-set; the seamen taking their regular turns (as at the helm), and relieving each other every two hours. In the serene46 weather of the tropics it is exceedingly pleasant the mast-head: nay47, to a dreamy meditative48 man it is delightful49. There you stand, a hundred feet above the silent decks, striding along the deep, as if the masts were gigantic stilts50, while beneath you and between your legs, as it were, swim the hugest monsters of the sea, even as ships once sailed between the boots of the famous Colossus at old Rhodes. There you stand, lost in the infinite series of the sea, with nothing ruffled51 but the waves. The tranced ship indolently rolls; the drowsy52 trade winds blow; everything resolves you into languor53. For the most part, in this tropic whaling life, a sublime54 uneventfulness invests you; you hear no news; read no gazettes; extras with startling accounts of commonplaces never delude55 you into unnecessary excitements; you hear of no domestic afflictions; bankrupt securities; fall of stocks; are never troubled with the thought of what you shall have for dinner-- for all your meals for three years and more are snugly56 stowed in casks, and your bill of fare is immutable58.
In one of those southern whalesmen, on a long three or four years' voyage, as often happens, the sum of the various hours you spend at the mast-head would amount to several entire months. And it is much to be deplored59 that the place to which you devote so considerable a portion of the whole term of your natural life, should be so sadly destitute60 of anything approaching to a cosy61 inhabitiveness, or adapted to breed a comfortable localness of feeling, such as pertains62 to a bed, a hammock, a hearse, a sentry63 box, a pulpit, a coach, or any other of those small and snug57 contrivances in which men temporarily isolate64 themselves. Your most usual point of perch65 is the head of the t' gallant66-mast, where you stand upon two thin parallel sticks (almost peculiar to whalemen) called the t' gallant crosstrees. Here, tossed about by the sea, the beginner feels about as cosy as he would standing on a bull's horns. To be sure, in cold weather you may carry your house aloft with you, in the shape of a watch-coat; but properly speaking the thickest watch-coat is no more of a house than the unclad body; for as the soul is glued inside of its fleshy tabernacle, and cannot freely move about in it, nor even move out of it, without running great risk of perishing (like an ignorant pilgrim crossing the snowy Alps in winter); so a watch-coat is not so much of a house as it is a mere envelope, or additional skin encasing you. You cannot put a shelf or chest of drawers in your body, and no more can you make a convenience closet of your watch-coat.
Concerning all this, it is much to be deplored that the mast-heads of a southern whale ship are unprovided with those enviable little tents or pulpits, called crow's-nests, in which the look-outs of a Greenland whaler are protected from the inclement67 weather of the frozen seas. In the fireside narrative68 of Captain Sleet, entitled "A Voyage among the Icebergs69, in quest of the Greenland Whale, and incidentally for the re-discovery of the Lost Icelandic Colonies of Old Greenland;" in this admirable volume, all standers of mast-heads are furnished with a charmingly circumstantial account of the then recently invented crow's-nest of the Glacier70, which was the name of Captain Sleet's good craft. He called it the Sleet's crow's-nest, in honor of himself; he being the original inventor and patentee, and free from all ridiculous false delicacy71, and holding that if we call our own children after our own names (we fathers being the original inventors and patentees), so likewise should we denominate after ourselves any other apparatus72 we may beget73. In shape, the Sleet's crow's-nest is something like a large tierce or pipe; it is open above, however, where it is furnished with a movable sidescreen to keep to windward of your head in a hard gale. Being fixed74 on the summit of the mast, you ascend42 into it through a little trap-hatch in the bottom. On the after side, or side next the stern of the ship, is a comfortable seat, with a locker75 underneath76 for umbrellas, comforters, and coats. In front is a leather rack, in which to keep your speaking trumpet77, pipe, telescope, and other nautical78 conveniences. When Captain Sleet in person stood his mast-head in this crow's-nest of his, he tells us that he always had a rifle with him (also fixed in the rack), together with a powder flask79 and shot, for the purpose of popping off the stray narwhales, or vagrant80 sea unicorns81 infesting82 those waters; for you cannot successfully shoot at them from the deck owing to the resistance of the water, but to shoot down upon them is a very different thing. Now, it was plainly a labor83 of love for Captain Sleet to describe, as he does, all the little detailed84 conveniences of his crow's-nest; but though he so enlarges upon many of these, and though he treats us to a very scientific account of his experiments in this crow's-nest, with a small compass he kept there for the purpose of counteracting85 the errors resulting from what is called the "local attraction" of all binnacle magnets; an error ascribable to the horizontal vicinity of the iron in the ship's planks86, and in the Glacier's case, perhaps, to there having been so many broken-down blacksmiths among her crew; I say, that though the Captain is very discreet87 and scientific here, yet, for all his learned "binnacle deviations," "azimuth compass observations," and "approximate errors," he knows very well, Captain Sleet, that he was not so much immersed in those profound magnetic meditations88, as to fail being attracted occasionally towards that well replenished89 little case-bottle, so nicely tucked in on one side of his crow's nest, within easy reach of his hand. Though, upon the whole, I greatly admire and even love the brave, the honest, and learned Captain; yet I take it very ill of him that he should so utterly90 ignore that case-bottle, seeing what a faithful friend and comforter it must have been, while with mittened91 fingers and hooded92 head he was studying the mathematics aloft there in that bird's nest within three or four perches93 of the pole.
But if we Southern whale-fishers are not so snugly housed aloft as Captain Sleet and his Greenlandmen were; yet that disadvantage is greatly counter-balanced by the widely contrasting serenity94 of those seductive seas in which we South fishers mostly float. For one, I used to lounge up the rigging very leisurely95, resting in the top to have a chat with Queequeg, or any one else off duty whom I might find there; then ascending96 a little way further, and throwing a lazy leg over the top-sail yard, take a preliminary view of the watery97 pastures, and so at last mount to my ultimate destination.
Let me make a clean breast of it here, and frankly98 admit that I kept but sorry guard. With the problem of the universe revolving99 in me, how could I--being left completely to myself at such a thought-engendering altitude--how could I but lightly hold my obligations to observe all whaleships' standing orders, "Keep your weather eye open, and sing out every time."
And let me in this place movingly admonish100 you, ye ship-owners of Nantucket! Beware of enlisting101 in your vigilant102 fisheries any lad with lean brow and hollow eye; given to unseasonable meditativeness103; and who offers to ship with the Phaedon instead of Bowditch in his head. Beware of such an one, I say: your whales must be seen before they can be killed; and this sunken-eyed young Platonist will tow you ten wakes round the world, and never make you one pint104 of sperm105 the richer. Nor are these monitions at all unneeded. For nowadays, the whale-fishery furnishes an asylum106 for many romantic, melancholy107, and absent-minded young men, disgusted with the corking108 care of earth, and seeking sentiment in tar21 and blubber. Childe Harold not unfrequently perches himself upon the mast-head of some luckless disappointed whale-ship, and in moody109 phrase ejaculates:--
"Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll! Ten thousand blubber-hunters sweep over thee in vain."
Very often do the captains of such ships take those absent-minded young philosophers to task, upbraiding110 them with not feeling sufficient "interest" in the voyage; half-hinting that they are so hopelessly lost to all honorable ambition, as that in their secret souls they would rather not see whales than otherwise. But all in vain; those young Platonists have a notion that their vision is imperfect; they are short-sighted; what use, then, to strain the visual nerve? They have left their opera-glasses at home.
"Why, thou monkey," said a harpooneer to one of these lads, "we've been cruising now hard upon three years, and thou hast not raised a whale yet. Whales are scarce as hen's teeth whenever thou art up here." Perhaps they were; or perhaps there might have been shoals of them in the far horizon; but lulled111 into such an opium-like listlessness of vacant, unconscious reverie is this absent-minded youth by the blending cadence112 of waves with thoughts, that at last he loses his identity; takes the mystic ocean at his feet for the visible image of that deep, blue, bottomless soul, pervading113 mankind and nature; and every strange, half-seen, gliding114, beautiful thing that eludes115 him; every dimly-discovered, uprising fin9 of some undiscernible form, seems to him the embodiment of those elusive116 thoughts that only people the soul by continually flitting through it. In this enchanted117 mood, thy spirit ebbs118 away to whence it came; becomes diffused119 through time and space; like Crammer's sprinkled Pantheistic ashes, forming at last a part of every shore the round globe over.
There is no life in thee, now, except that rocking life imparted by a gently rolling ship; by her, borrowed from the sea; by the sea, from the inscrutable tides of God. But while this sleep, this dream is on ye, move your foot or hand an inch; slip your hold at all; and your identity comes back in horror. Over Descartian vortices you hover120. And perhaps, at midday, in the fairest weather, with one half-throttled shriek121 you drop through that transparent122 air into the summer sea, no more to rise for ever. Heed123 it well, ye Pantheists!
收听单词发音 |
1
rotation
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| n.旋转；循环，轮流 | |
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seamen
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| n.海员 | |
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simultaneously
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| adv.同时发生地，同时进行地 | |
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spires
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| n.（教堂的） 塔尖，尖顶( spire的名词复数 ) | |
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relinquish
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| v.放弃，撤回，让与，放手 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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expatiate
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| v.细说，详述 | |
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fin
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| n.鳍；(飞机的)安定翼 | |
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progenitors
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| n.祖先( progenitor的名词复数 )；先驱；前辈；原本 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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astronomical
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| adj.天文学的，（数字）极大的 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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edifices
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| n.大建筑物( edifice的名词复数 ) | |
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prodigious
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| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
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astronomers
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| n.天文学者，天文学家( astronomer的名词复数 ) | |
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wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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apex
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| n.顶点，最高点 | |
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tar
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| n.柏油，焦油；vt.涂或浇柏油/焦油于 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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hermit
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| n.隐士，修道者；隐居 | |
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hoisting
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| 起重，提升 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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sleet
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| n.雨雪；v.下雨雪，下冰雹 | |
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valiantly
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| adv.勇敢地，英勇地；雄赳赳 | |
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literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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incompetent
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| adj.无能力的，不能胜任的 | |
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grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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invoked
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| v.援引( invoke的过去式和过去分词 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求 | |
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surmised
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| v.臆测，推断( surmise的过去式和过去分词 )；揣测；猜想 | |
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penetrate
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| v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解 | |
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haze
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| n.霾，烟雾；懵懂，迷糊；vi.(over)变模糊 | |
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descry
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| v.远远看到；发现；责备 | |
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shunned
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| v.避开，回避，避免( shun的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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fowls
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| 鸟( fowl的名词复数 )； 禽肉； 既不是这； 非驴非马 | |
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descrying
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| v.被看到的，被发现的，被注意到的( descried的过去分词 ) | |
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obsolete
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| adj.已废弃的，过时的 | |
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serene
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| adj. 安详的，宁静的，平静的 | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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meditative
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| adj.沉思的，冥想的 | |
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delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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stilts
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| n.（支撑建筑物高出地面或水面的）桩子，支柱( stilt的名词复数 )；高跷 | |
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51
ruffled
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| adj. 有褶饰边的, 起皱的 动词ruffle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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52
drowsy
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| adj.昏昏欲睡的，令人发困的 | |
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languor
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| n.无精力，倦怠 | |
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sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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55
delude
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| vt.欺骗；哄骗 | |
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56
snugly
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| adv.紧贴地；贴身地；暖和舒适地；安适地 | |
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snug
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| adj.温暖舒适的，合身的，安全的；v.使整洁干净，舒适地依靠，紧贴；n.（英）酒吧里的私房 | |
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58
immutable
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| adj.不可改变的，永恒的 | |
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deplored
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| v.悲叹，痛惜，强烈反对( deplore的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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cosy
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| adj.温暖而舒适的，安逸的 | |
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pertains
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| 关于( pertain的第三人称单数 )； 有关； 存在； 适用 | |
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sentry
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| n.哨兵，警卫 | |
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isolate
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| vt.使孤立，隔离 | |
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perch
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| n.栖木，高位，杆；v.栖息，就位，位于 | |
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gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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inclement
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| adj.严酷的，严厉的，恶劣的 | |
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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icebergs
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| n.冰山，流冰( iceberg的名词复数 ) | |
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glacier
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| n.冰川，冰河 | |
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delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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apparatus
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| n.装置，器械；器具，设备 | |
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beget
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| v.引起；产生 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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75
locker
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| n.更衣箱，储物柜，冷藏室，上锁的人 | |
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76
underneath
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| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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77
trumpet
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| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
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78
nautical
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| adj.海上的，航海的，船员的 | |
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flask
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| n.瓶，火药筒，砂箱 | |
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80
vagrant
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| n.流浪者，游民；adj.流浪的，漂泊不定的 | |
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81
unicorns
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| n.（传说中身体似马的）独角兽( unicorn的名词复数 )；一角鲸；独角兽标记 | |
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82
infesting
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| v.害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的现在分词 )；遍布于 | |
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83
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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84
detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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85
counteracting
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| 对抗，抵消( counteract的现在分词 ) | |
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86
planks
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| （厚）木板( plank的名词复数 )； 政纲条目，政策要点 | |
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87
discreet
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| adj.(言行)谨慎的；慎重的；有判断力的 | |
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88
meditations
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| 默想( meditation的名词复数 )； 默念； 沉思； 冥想 | |
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89
replenished
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| 补充( replenish的过去式和过去分词 )； 重新装满 | |
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90
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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91
mittened
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| v.（使）变得潮湿，变得湿润( moisten的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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92
hooded
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| adj.戴头巾的；有罩盖的；颈部因肋骨运动而膨胀的 | |
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93
perches
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| 栖息处( perch的名词复数 )； 栖枝； 高处； 鲈鱼 | |
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94
serenity
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| n.宁静，沉着，晴朗 | |
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leisurely
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| adj.悠闲的；从容的，慢慢的 | |
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96
ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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97
watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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98
frankly
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| adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说 | |
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99
revolving
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| adj.旋转的，轮转式的；循环的v.（使）旋转( revolve的现在分词 )；细想 | |
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100
admonish
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| v.训戒；警告；劝告 | |
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101
enlisting
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| v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的现在分词 )；获得（帮助或支持） | |
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102
vigilant
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| adj.警觉的，警戒的，警惕的 | |
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103
meditativeness
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104
pint
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| n.品脱 | |
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105
sperm
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| n.精子，精液 | |
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106
asylum
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| n.避难所，庇护所，避难 | |
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107
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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108
corking
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| adj.很好的adv.非常地v.用瓶塞塞住( cork的现在分词 ) | |
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109
moody
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| adj.心情不稳的，易怒的，喜怒无常的 | |
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110
upbraiding
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| adj.& n.谴责（的）v.责备，申斥，谴责( upbraid的现在分词 ) | |
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111
lulled
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| vt.使镇静，使安静（lull的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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112
cadence
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| n.（说话声调的）抑扬顿挫 | |
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113
pervading
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| v.遍及，弥漫( pervade的现在分词 ) | |
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114
gliding
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| v. 滑翔 adj. 滑动的 | |
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115
eludes
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| v.（尤指机敏地）避开( elude的第三人称单数 )；逃避；躲避；使达不到 | |
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116
elusive
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| adj.难以表达(捉摸)的；令人困惑的；逃避的 | |
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117
enchanted
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| adj. 被施魔法的，陶醉的，入迷的 动词enchant的过去式和过去分词 | |
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118
ebbs
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| 退潮( ebb的名词复数 )； 落潮； 衰退 | |
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119
diffused
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| 散布的，普及的，扩散的 | |
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120
hover
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| vi.翱翔，盘旋；徘徊；彷徨，犹豫 | |
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121
shriek
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| v./n.尖叫，叫喊 | |
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122
transparent
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| adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的 | |
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123
heed
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| v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心 | |
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