So far as what there may be of a narrative1 in this book; and, indeed, as indirectly2 touching3 one or two very interesting and curious particulars in the habits of sperm4 whales, the foregoing chapter, in its earlier part, is as important a one as will be found in this volume; but the leading matter of it requires to be still further and more familiarly enlarged upon, in order to be adequately understood, and moreover to take away any incredulity which a profound ignorance of the entire subject may induce in some minds, as to the natural verity5 of the main points of this affair.
I care not to perform this part of my task methodically; but shall be content to produce the desired impression by separate citations6 of items, practically or reliably known to me as a whaleman; and from these citations, I take it-- the conclusion aimed at will naturally follow of itself.
First: I have personally known three instances where a whale, after receiving a harpoon7, has effected a complete escape; and, after an interval8 (in one instance of three years), has been again struck by the same hand, and slain9; when the two irons, both marked by the same private cypher, have been taken from the body. In the instance where three years intervened between the flinging of the two harpoons10; and I think it may have been something more than that; the man who darted11 them happening, in the interval, to go in a trading ship on a voyage to Africa, went ashore12 there, joined a discovery party, and penetrated13 far into the interior, where he travelled for a period of nearly two years, often endangered by serpents, savages15, tigers, poisonous miasmas16, with all the other common perils17 incident to wandering in the heart of unknown regions. Meanwhile, the whale he had struck must also have been on its travels; no doubt it had thrice circumnavigated the globe, brushing with its flanks all the coasts of Africa; but to no purpose. This man and this whale again came together, and the one vanquished18 the other. I say I, myself, have known three instances similar to this; that is in two of them I saw the whales struck; and, upon the second attack, saw the two irons with the respective marks cut in them, afterwards taken from the dead fish. In the three-year instance, it so fell out that I was in the boat both times, first and last, and the last time distinctly recognized a peculiar19 sort of huge mole20 under the whale's eye, which I had observed there three years previous. I say three years, but I am pretty sure it was more than that. Here are three instances, then, which I personally know the truth of; but I have heard of many other instances from persons whose veracity21 in the matter there is no good ground to impeach22.
Secondly23: It is well known in the Sperm Whale Fishery, however ignorant the world ashore may be of it, that there have been several memorable24 historical instances where a particular whale in the ocean has been at distant times and places popularly cognisable. Why such a whale became thus marked was not altogether and originally owing to his bodily peculiarities25 as distinguished26 from other whales; for however peculiar in that respect any chance whale may be, they soon put an end to his peculiarities by killing27 him, and boiling him down into a peculiarly valuable oil. No: the reason was this: that from the fatal experiences of the fishery there hung a terrible prestige of perilousness28 about such a whale as there did about Rinaldo Rinaldini, insomuch that most fishermen were content to recognise him by merely touching their tarpaulins30 when he would be discovered lounging by them on the sea, without seeking to cultivate a more intimate acquaintance. Like some poor devils ashore that happen to known an irascible great man, they make distant unobtrusive salutations to him in the street, lest if they pursued the acquaintance further, they might receive a summary thump31 for their presumption32.
But not only did each of these famous whales enjoy great individual celebrity--nay, you may call it an oceanwide renown33; not only was he famous in life and now is immortal34 in forecastle stories after death, but he was admitted into all the rights, privileges, and distinctions of a name; had as much a name indeed as Cambyses or Caesar. Was it not so, O Timor Tom! thou famed leviathan, scarred like an iceberg35, who so long did'st lurk36 in the Oriental straits of that name, whose spout37 was oft seen from the palmy beach of Ombay? Was it not so, O New Zealand Jack38! thou terror of all cruisers that crossed their wakes in the vicinity of the Tattoo39 Land? Was it not so, O Morquan! King of Japan, whose lofty jet they say at times assumed the semblance40 of a snow-white cross against the sky? Was it not so, O Don Miguel! thou Chilian whale, marked like an old tortoise with mystic hieroglyphics41 upon the back! In plain prose, here are four whales as well known to the students of Cetacean History as Marius or Sylla to the classic scholar.
But this is not all. New Zealand Tom and Don Miguel, after at various times creating great havoc42 among the boats of different vessels43, were finally gone in quest of, systematically45 hunted out, chased and killed by valiant46 whaling captains, who heaved up their anchors with that express object as much in view, as in setting out through the Narragansett Woods, Captain Butler of old had it in his mind to capture that notorious murderous savage14 Annawon, the headmost warrior47 of the Indian King Philip.
I do not know where I can find a better place than just here, to make mention of one or two other things, which to me seem important, as in printed form establishing in all respects the reasonableness of the whole story of the White Whale, more especially the catastrophe48. For this is one of those disheartening instances where truth requires full as much bolstering49 as error. So ignorant are most landsmen of some of the plainest and most palpable wonders of the world, that without some hints touching the plain facts, historical and otherwise, of the fishery, they might scout50 at Moby Dick as a monstrous51 fable52, or still worse and more detestable, a hideous53 and intolerable allegory.
First: Though most men have some vague flitting ideas of the general perils of the grand fishery, yet they have nothing like a fixed54, vivid conception of those perils, and the frequency with which they recur55. One reason perhaps is, that not one in fifty of the actual disasters and deaths by casualties in the fishery, ever finds a public record at home, however transient and immediately forgotten that record. Do you suppose that that poor fellow there, who this moment perhaps caught by the whale-line off the coast of New Guinea, is being carried down to the bottom of the sea by the sounding leviathan-- do you suppose that that poor fellow's name will appear in the newspaper obituary56 you will read to-morrow at your breakfast? No: because the mails are very irregular between here and New Guinea. In fact, did you ever hear what might be called regular news direct or indirect from New Guinea? Yet I will tell you that upon one particular voyage which I made to the Pacific, among many others we spoke57 thirty different ships, every one of which had had a death by a whale, some of them more than one, and three that had each lost a boat's crew. For God's sake, be economical with your lamps and candles! not a gallon you burn, but at least one drop of man's blood was spilled for it.
Secondly: People ashore have indeed some indefinite idea that a whale is an enormous creature of enormous power; but I have ever found that when narrating58 to them some specific example of this two-fold enormousness, they have significantly complimented me upon my facetiousness59; when, I declare upon my soul, I had no more idea of being facetious60 than Moses, when he wrote the history of the plagues of Egypt.
But fortunately the special point I here seek can be established upon testimony61 entirely62 independent of my own. That point is this: The Sperm Whale is in some cases sufficiently63 powerful, knowing, and judiciously64 malicious65, as with direct aforethought to stave in, utterly66 destroy, and sink a large ship; and what is more, the Sperm Whale has done it.
First: In the year 1820 the ship Essex, Captain Pollard, of Nantucket, was cruising in the Pacific Ocean. One day she saw spouts67, lowered her boats, and gave chase to a shoal of sperm whales. Ere long, several of the whales were wounded; when, suddenly, a very large whale escaping from the boats, issued from the shoal, and bore directly down upon the ship. Dashing his forehead against her hull68, he so stove her in, that in less than "ten minutes" she settled down and fell over. Not a surviving plank69 of her has been seen since. After the severest exposure, part of the crew reached the land in their boats. Being returned home at last, Captain Pollard once more sailed for the Pacific in command of another ship, but the gods shipwrecked him again upon unknown rocks and breakers; for the second time his ship was utterly lost, and forthwith forswearing the sea, he has never attempted it since. At this day Captain Pollard is a resident of Nantucket. I have seen Owen Chace, who was chief mate of the Essex at the time of the tragedy; I have read his plain and faithful narrative; I have conversed70 with his son; and all this within a few miles of the scene of the catastrophe.*
*The following are extracts from Chace's narrative: "Every fact seemed to warrant me in concluding that it was anything but chance which directed his operations; he made two several attacks upon the ship, at a short interval between them, both of this catastrophe I have never chanced to their direction, were calculated to do us the whale hunters I have now and then heard casual allusions71 to it.
Thirdly: Some eighteen or twenty years ago Commodore J---then commanding an American sloop-of-war of the first class, happened to be dining with a party of whaling captains, on board a Nantucket ship in the harbor of Oahu, Sandwich Islands. Conversation turning upon whales, the Commodore was pleased to be sceptical touching the amazing strength ascribed to them by the professional gentlemen present. He peremptorily72 denied for example, that any whale could so smite73 his stout74 sloop-of-war as to cause her to leak so much as a thimbleful. Very good; but there is more coming. Some weeks later, the Commodore set sail in this impregnable craft for Valparaiso. But he was stopped on the way by a portly sperm whale, that begged a few moments' confidential75 business with him. That business consisted in fetching the Commodore's craft such a thwack, that with all his pumps going he made straight for the nearest port to heave down and repair. I am not superstitious76, but I consider the Commodore's interview with that whale as providential. Was not Saul of Tarsus converted from unbelief by a similar fright? I tell you, the sperm whale will stand no nonsense.
I will now refer you to Langsdorff's Voyages for a little circumstance in point, peculiarly interesting to the writer hereof. Langsdorff, you must know by the way, was attached to the Russian Admiral Krusenstern's famous Discovery Expedition in the beginning of the present century. Captain Langsdorff thus begins his seventeenth chapter:
"By the thirteenth of May our ship was ready to sail, and the next day we were out in the open sea, on our way to Ochotsh. The weather was very clear and fine, but so intolerably cold that we were obliged to keep on our fur clothing. For some days we had very little wind; it was not till the nineteenth that a brisk gale77 from the northwest sprang up. An uncommonly78 large whale, the body of which was larger than the ship itself, lay almost at the surface of the water, but was not perceived by any one on board till the moment when the ship, which was in full sail, was almost upon him, so that it was impossible to prevent its striking against him. We were thus placed in the most imminent80 danger, as this gigantic creature, setting up its back, raised the ship three feet at least out of the water. The masts reeled, and the sails fell altogether, while we who were below all sprang instantly upon the deck, concluding that we had struck upon some rock; instead of this we saw the monster sailing off with the utmost gravity and solemnity. Captain D'Wolf applied81 immediately to the pumps to examine whether or not the vessel44 had received any damage from the shock, but we found that very happily it had escaped entirely uninjured."
Now, the Captain D'Wolf here alluded82 to as commanding the ship in question, is a New Englander, who, after a long life of unusual adventures as a sea-captain, this day resides in the village of Dorchester near Boston. I have the honor of being a nephew of his. I have particularly questioned him concerning this passage in Langsdorff. He substantiates83 every word. The ship, however, was by no means a large one: a Russian craft built on the Siberian coast, and purchased by my uncle after bartering85 away the vessel in which he sailed from home.
In that up and down manly86 book of old-fashioned adventure, so full, too, of honest wonders--the voyage of Lionel Wafer, one of ancient Dampier's old chums--I found a little matter set down so like that just quoted from Langsdorff, that I cannot forbear inserting it here for a corroborative87 example, if such be needed.
Lionel, it seems, was on his way to "John Ferdinando," as he calls the modern Juan Fernandes. "In our way thither," he says, "about four o'clock in the morning, when we were about one hundred and fifty leagues from the Main of America, our ship felt a terrible shock, which put our men in such consternation88 that they could hardly tell where they were or what to think; but every one began to prepare for death. And, indeed, the shock was so sudden and violent, that we took it for granted the ship had struck against a rock; but when the amazement89 was a little over, we cast the lead, and sounded, but found no ground. ... The suddenness of the shock made the guns leap in their carriages, and several of the men were shaken out of their hammocks. Captain Davis, who lay with his head on a gun, was thrown out of his cabin!" Lionel then goes on to impute90 the shock to an earthquake, and seems to substantiate84 the imputation91 by stating that a great earthquake, somewhere about that time, did actually do great mischief92 along the Spanish land. But I should not much wonder if, in the darkness of that early hour of the morning, the shock was after all caused by an unseen whale vertically93 bumping the hull from beneath.
I might proceed with several more examples, one way or another known to me, of the great power and malice94 at times of the sperm whale. In more than one instance, he has been known, not only to chase the assailing95 boats back to their ships, but to pursue the ship itself, and long withstand all the lances hurled96 at him from its decks. The English ship Pusie Hall can tell a story on that head; and, as for his strength, let me say, that there have been examples where the lines attached to a running sperm whale have, in a calm, been transferred to the ship, and secured there! the whale towing her great hull through the water, as a horse walks off with a cart. Again, it is very often observed that, if the sperm whale, once struck, is allowed time to rally, he then acts, not so often with blind rage, as with wilful97, deliberate designs of destruction to his pursuers; nor is it without conveying some eloquent98 indication of his character, that upon being attacked he will frequently open his mouth, and retain it in that dread99 expansion for several consecutive100 minutes. But I must be content with only one more and a concluding illustration; a remarkable101 and most significant one, by which you will not fail to see, that not only is the most marvellous event in this book corroborated102 by plain facts of the present day, but that these marvels103 (like all marvels) are mere29 repetitions of the ages; so that for the millionth time we say amen with Solomon--Verily there is nothing new under the sun.
In the sixth Christian104 century lived Procopius, a Christian magistrate105 of Constantinople, in the days when Justinian was Emperor and Belisarius general. As many know, he wrote the history of his own times, a work every way of uncommon79 value. By the best authorities, he has always been considered a most trustworthy and unexaggerating historian, except in some one or two particulars, not at all affecting the matter presently to be mentioned.
Now, in this history of his, Procopius mentions that, during the term of his prefecture at Constantinople, a great sea-monster was captured in the neighboring Propontis, or Sea of Marmora, after having destroyed vessels at intervals106 in those waters for a period of more than fifty years. A fact thus set down in substantial history cannot easily be gainsaid107. Nor is there any reason it should be. Of what precise species this sea-monster was, is not mentioned. But as he destroyed ships, as well as for other reasons, he must have been a whale; and I am strongly inclined to think a sperm whale. And I will tell you why. For a long time I fancied that the sperm whale had been always unknown in the Mediterranean108 and the deep waters connecting with it. Even now I am certain that those seas are not, and perhaps never can be, in the present constitution of things, a place for his habitual109 gregarious110 resort. But further investigations111 have recently proved to me, that in modern times there have been isolated112 instances of the presence of the sperm whale in the Mediterranean. I am told, on good authority, that on the Barbary coast, a Commodore Davis of the British navy found the skeleton of a sperm whale. Now, as a vessel of war readily passes through the Dardanelles, hence a sperm whale could, by the same route, pass out of the Mediterranean into the Propontis.
In the Propontis, as far as I can learn, none of that peculiar substance called brit is to be found, the aliment of the right whale. But I have every reason to believe that the food of the sperm whale-- squid or cuttle-fish--lurks at the bottom of that sea, because large creatures, but by no means the largest of that sort, have been found at its surface. If, then, you properly put these statements together, and reason upon them a bit, you will clearly perceive that, according to all human reasoning, Procopius's sea-monster, that for half a century stove the ships of a Roman Emperor, must in all probability have been a sperm whale.
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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indirectly
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| adv.间接地，不直接了当地 | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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sperm
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| n.精子，精液 | |
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verity
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| n.真实性 | |
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citations
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| n.引用( citation的名词复数 )；引证；引文；表扬 | |
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harpoon
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| n.鱼叉；vt.用鱼叉叉，用鱼叉捕获 | |
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interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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harpoons
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darted
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| v.投掷，投射( dart的过去式和过去分词 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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miasmas
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| n.瘴气( miasma的名词复数 )；烟雾弥漫的空气；不良气氛或影响 | |
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perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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mole
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| n.胎块；痣；克分子 | |
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veracity
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| n.诚实 | |
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impeach
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secondly
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memorable
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peculiarities
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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perilousness
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mere
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tarpaulins
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| n.防水帆布，防水帆布罩( tarpaulin的名词复数 ) | |
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thump
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| v.重击，砰然地响；n.重击，重击声 | |
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presumption
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| n.推测，可能性，冒昧，放肆，[法律]推定 | |
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renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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iceberg
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| n.冰山，流冰，冷冰冰的人 | |
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lurk
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| n.潜伏，潜行；v.潜藏，潜伏，埋伏 | |
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spout
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| v.喷出，涌出；滔滔不绝地讲；n.喷管；水柱 | |
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jack
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| n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克 | |
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tattoo
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| n.纹身，(皮肤上的)刺花纹；vt.刺花纹于 | |
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semblance
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hieroglyphics
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havoc
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| n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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systematically
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valiant
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warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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catastrophe
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| n.大灾难，大祸 | |
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bolstering
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| v.支持( bolster的现在分词 )；支撑；给予必要的支持；援助 | |
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scout
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| n.童子军，侦察员；v.侦察，搜索 | |
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monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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fable
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| n.寓言；童话；神话 | |
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hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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recur
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| vi.复发，重现，再发生 | |
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obituary
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| n.讣告，死亡公告；adj.死亡的 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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narrating
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| v.故事( narrate的现在分词 ) | |
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facetiousness
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facetious
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| adj.轻浮的，好开玩笑的 | |
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testimony
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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judiciously
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| adv.明断地，明智而审慎地 | |
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malicious
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| adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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67
spouts
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| n.管口( spout的名词复数 )；（喷出的）水柱；（容器的）嘴；在困难中v.（指液体）喷出( spout的第三人称单数 )；滔滔不绝地讲；喋喋不休地说；喷水 | |
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hull
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| n.船身；(果、实等的)外壳；vt.去(谷物等)壳 | |
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plank
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| n.板条，木板，政策要点，政纲条目 | |
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70
conversed
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| v.交谈，谈话( converse的过去式 ) | |
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71
allusions
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| 暗指，间接提到( allusion的名词复数 ) | |
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peremptorily
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| adv.紧急地，不容分说地，专横地 | |
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73
smite
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| v.重击；彻底击败；n.打；尝试；一点儿 | |
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confidential
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| adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的 | |
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superstitious
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| adj.迷信的 | |
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gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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uncommonly
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| adv. 稀罕(极，非常) | |
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uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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imminent
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| adj.即将发生的，临近的，逼近的 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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82
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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83
substantiates
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| v.用事实支持（某主张、说法等），证明，证实( substantiate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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84
substantiate
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| v.证实；证明...有根据 | |
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85
bartering
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| v.作物物交换，以货换货( barter的现在分词 ) | |
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86
manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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corroborative
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| adj.确证（性）的，确凿的 | |
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consternation
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| n.大为吃惊，惊骇 | |
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amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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90
impute
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| v.归咎于 | |
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imputation
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| n.归罪，责难 | |
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92
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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vertically
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| adv.垂直地 | |
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malice
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| n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋 | |
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assailing
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| v.攻击( assail的现在分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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wilful
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| adj.任性的，故意的 | |
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eloquent
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| adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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consecutive
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| adj.连续的，联贯的，始终一贯的 | |
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101
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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102
corroborated
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| v.证实，支持（某种说法、信仰、理论等）( corroborate的过去式 ) | |
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103
marvels
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| n.奇迹( marvel的名词复数 )；令人惊奇的事物（或事例）；不平凡的成果；成就v.惊奇，对…感到惊奇( marvel的第三人称单数 ) | |
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104
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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106
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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107
gainsaid
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| v.否认，反驳( gainsay的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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108
Mediterranean
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| adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的 | |
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109
habitual
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| adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的 | |
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110
gregarious
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| adj.群居的，喜好群居的 | |
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111
investigations
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| （正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究 | |
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112
isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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