"Buckra-Man Very Uncertain"
THE caption1, a common saying among negroes at the south, had its origin in a consciousness, on the part of the negro, of the many liabilities to which his master's affairs are subject, and his own dependence2 on the ulterior consequences. It carries with it a deep significance, opens a field for reflection, comprehends the negro's knowledge of his own uncertain state, his being a piece of property the good or evil of which is effected by his master's caprices, the binding4 force of the law that makes him merchandise. Nevertheless, while the negro feels them in all their force, the master values them only in an abstract light. Ask the negro whose master is kind to him, if he would prefer his freedom and go north?-At first he will hesitate, dilate6 upon his master's goodness, his affection for him, the kindly7 feeling evinced for him by the family-they often look upon him with a patriarchal tenderness-and, finally, he will conclude by telling you he wishes master and missus would live for ever. He tells you, in the very simplicity8 of his nature, that "Eve' ting so unsartin! and mas'r don't know if he die when he gwine to." That when he is dying he does not realise it; and though his intention be good, death may blot9 out his desires, and he, the dependent, being only a chattel10, must sink into the uncertain stream of slave-life. Marston's plantation11 might have been taken as an illustration of the truth of this saying. Long had it been considered one of eminent12 profit; his field slaves were well cared for; his favourite house servants had every reasonable indulgence granted them. And, too, Marston's mansion13 was the pleasant retreat of many a neighbour, whose visits were welcomed by the kindly attention he had taught his domestics to bestow14. Marston's fault lay in his belonging to that class of planters who repose15 too much confidence in others.
The morning following Lorenzo's departure ushered16 forth17 bright and balmy. A quiet aspect reigned18 in and about the plantation, servants moved sluggishly20 about, the incidents of the preceding night oppressed Marston's mind; his feelings broke beyond his power of restraint. Like contagion21, the effect seized each member of his household,--forcibly it spoke22 in word and action! Marston had bestowed23 much care upon Lorenzo and Franconia; he had indulged and idolised the latter, and given the former some good advice. But advice without example seldom produces lasting24 good; in truth, precept25 had the very worst effect upon Lorenzo,--it had proved his ruin! His singular and mysterious departure might for a time be excused,--even accounted for in some plausible26 manner, but suspicion was a stealing monster that would play upon the deeply tinctured surface, and soar above in disgrace. That the Rovero family were among the first of the State would not be received as a palliation; they had suffered reverses of fortune, and, with the addition of Lorenzo's profligacy27, which had been secretly drawing upon their resources, were themselves well nigh in discredit28. And now that this sudden and unexpected reverse had befallen Marston, he could do nothing for their relief. Involved, perplexed29, and distrusted-with ever-slaying suspicion staring him in the face-he was a victim pursued by one who never failed to lay low his object. That man moved with unerring method, could look around him upon the destitution31 made by his avarice32, without evincing a shadow of sympathy. Yes! he was in the grasp of a living Shylock, whose soul, worn out in the love of gold, had forgotten that there existed a distinction between right and wrong.
Surrounded by all these dark forebodings, Marston begins to reflect on his past life. He sees that mercy which overlooks the sins of man when repentance33 is pure; but his life is full of moral blemishes34; he has sinned against the innocent, against the God of forgiveness. The inert35 of his nature is unfolding itself,--he has lived according to the tolerated vices36 of society-he has done no more than the law gave him a right to do! And yet, that very society, overlooking its own wrongs, would now strip him of its associations. He lives in a State where it is difficult to tell what society will approve or reprobate37; where a rich man may do with impunity38 what would consign39 a poor man to the gallows40.
If we examine the many rencontres that take place in the south, especially those proving fatal, we will find that the perpetrator, if he be a rich man, invariably receives an "honourable41 acquittal." Again, when the man of position shoots down his victim in the streets of a city, he is esteemed42 brave; but a singular reversion takes place if the rencontre be between poor men. It is then a diabolical43 act, a murder, which nothing short of the gallows can serve for punishment. The creatures whom he had made mere44 objects to serve his sensuality were before him; he traced the gloomy history of their unfortunate sires; he knew that Ellen and Clotilda were born free. The cordon45 that had bound his feelings to the system of slavery relaxed. For the first time, he saw that which he could not recognise in his better nature-himself the medium of keeping human beings in slavery who were the rightful heirs of freedom. The blackness of the crime-its cruelty, its injustice-haunted him; they were at that very moment held by Graspum's caprice. He might doom46 the poor wretches47 to irretrievable slavery, to torture and death! Then his mind wandered to Annette and Nicholas; he saw them of his own flesh and blood; his natural affections bounded forth; how could he disown them? The creations of love and right were upon him, misfortune had unbound his sensations; his own offspring stood before him clothed in trouble thick and dangerous. His follies48 have entailed49 a life-rent of misery50 upon others; the fathomless51 depth of the future opens its yawning jaws52 to swallow up those upon whom the fondness of a father should have been bestowed for their moral and physical good.
As he sits contemplating53 this painful picture, Aunt Rachel enters the room to inquire if Lorenzo breakfasts with them. "Why! old mas'r, what ail30 ye dis mornin'? Ye don't seems nohow. Not a stripe like what ye was yesterday; somethin' gi 'h de wrong way, and mas'r done know what i' is," she mutters to herself, looking seriously at Marston.
"Nothing! old bustler; nothing that concerns you. Do not mention Lorenzo's name again; he has gone on a journey. Send my old faithful Daddy Bob to me." Rachel hastened to fulfil the command; soon brought the old servant to the door. His countenance54 lighted up with smiles as he stood at the doorway55, bowing and scraping, working his red cap in his hand. There stood the old man, a picture of attachment56.
"Come in, Bob, come in!" Marston says, motioning his hand, "I wish the world was as faithful as you are. You are worthy57 the indulgence I have bestowed upon you; let me hope there is something better in prospect58 for you. My life reproves me; and when I turn and review its crooked59 path-when I behold60 each inconsistency chiding61 me-I lament62 what I cannot recall." Taking the old man by the hand, the tears glistening63 in his eyes, he looks upon him as a father would his child.
"In a short time, Bob, you shall be free to go where you please, on the plantation or off it. But remember, Bob, you are old-you have grown grey in faithfulness,--the good southerner is the true friend of the negro! I mean he is the true friend of the negro, because he has associated with him from childhood, assimilated with his feelings, made his nature a study. He welcomes him without reserve, approaches him without that sensitiveness and prejudice which the northerner too often manifests towards him. You shall be free, Bob! you shall be free!-free to go where you please; but you must remain among southerners, southerners are your friends."
"Yes, mas'r, 'im all just so good, if t'warn't dat I so old. Free nigger, when 'e old, don't gwane to get along much. Old Bob tink on dat mighty64 much, he do dat! Lef Bob free win 'e young, den3 'e get tru' de world like Buckra, only lef 'im de chance what Buckra hab. Freedom ain't wof much ven old Bob worn out, mas'r; and Buckra what sell nigger,--what make 'e trade on him, run 'im off sartin. He sell old nigger what got five dollar wof' a work in 'e old bones. Mas'r set 'um free, bad Buckra catch 'um, old Bob get used up afo' he know nofin," quaintly65 replied the old man, seeming to have an instinctive66 knowledge of the "nigger trade," but with so much attachment for his master that he could not be induced to accept his freedom.
"It's not the leaving me, Bob; you may be taken from me. You are worth but little, 'tis true, and yet you may be sold from me to a bad master. If the slave-dealers run you off, you can let me know, and I will prosecute67 them," returned Marston.
"Ah! mas'r; dat's just whar de blunt is-in de unsartainty! How I gwane to let mas'r know, when mas'r no larn nigger to read," he quickly responded. There is something in his simple remark that Marston has never before condescended68 to contemplate,--something the simple nature of the negro has just disclosed; it lies deeply rooted at the foundation of all the wrongs of slavery. Education would be valuable to the negro, especially in his old age; it would soften69 his impulses rather than impair70 his attachment, unless the master be a tyrant71 fearing the results of his own oppression. Marston, a good master, had deprived the old man of the means of protecting himself against the avarice of those who would snatch him from freedom, and while his flesh and blood contained dollars and cents, sell him into slavery. Freedom, under the best circumstances, could do him little good in his old age; and yet, a knowledge of the wrong rankled72 deep in Marston's feelings: he could relieve it only by giving Daddy Bob and Harry73 their freedom if they would accept it.
Relinquishing74 Daddy's hand, he commanded him to go and bring him Annette and Nicholas. "Bring them," he says, "without the knowledge of their mothers." Bob withdrew, hastened to the cabins in the yard to fulfil the mission. Poor things, thought Marston; they are mine, how can I disown them? Ah, there's the point to conquer-I cannot! It is like the mad torrents75 of hell, stretched out before me to consume my very soul, to bid me defiance76. Misfortune is truly a great purifier, a great regenerator77 of our moral being; but how can I make the wrong right?-how can I live to hope for something beyond the caprice of this alluring78 world? My frailties79 have stamped their future with shame.
Thus he mused80 as the children came scampering81 into the room. Annette, her flaxen curls dangling82 about her neck, looking as tidy and bright as the skill of Clotilda could make her, runs to Marston, throws herself on his knee, fondles about his bosom83, kisses his hand again and again. She loves him,--she knows no other father. Nicholas, more shy, moves slowly behind a chair, his fingers in his mouth the while. Looking through its rounds wistfully, he shakes his head enviously84, moves the chair backwards85 and forwards, and is too bashful to approach Annette's position.
Marston has taken Annette in his arms, he caresses86 her; she twirls her tiny fingers through his whiskers, as if to play with him in the toying recognition of a father. He is deeply immersed in thought, smooths her hair, walks to the glass with her in his arms, holds her before it as if to detect his own features in the countenance of the child. Resuming his seat, he sets her on one knee, calls Nicholas to him, takes him on the other, and fondles them with an air of kindness it had never before been their good fortune to receive at his hands. He looked upon them again, and again caressed87 them, parted their hair with his fingers. And as Annette would open her eyes and gaze in his, with an air of sweetest acknowledgment, his thoughts seemed contending with something fearful. He was in trouble; he saw the enemy brooding over the future; he heaved a sigh, a convulsive motion followed, a tear stealing down his cheek told the tale of his reflections.
"Now, Daddy;" he speaks, directing himself to old Bob, who stands at the door surprised at Marston's singular movements, "you are my confidant, what do you think the world-I mean the people about the district, about the city-would say if they knew these were mine? You know, Bob,--you must tell me straight out, do they look like me?-have they features like mine?" he inquires with rapid utterance88.
"Mas'r, Bob don' like to say all he feels," meekly89 muttered the old man.
"There is the spot on which we lay the most unholy blot; and yet, it recoils90 upon us when we least think. Unfortunate wretches bear them unto us; yet we dare not make them our own; we blast their lives for selfish ends, yield them to others, shield ourselves by a misnomer91 called right! We sell the most interesting beings for a price,--beings that should be nearest and dearest to our hearts."
The old slave's eyes glistened92 with excitement; he looked on astonished, as if some extraordinary scene had surprised him. As his agitation93 subsided94, he continued, "Mas'r, I bin5 watch 'im dis long time. Reckon how nobody wouldn't take 'em fo'h nobody else's-fo'h true! Dar ain't no spozin' bout19 'em, 'e so right smart twarn't no use to guise95 'em: da'h just like old Boss. Mas'r, nigger watch dem tings mighty close; more close den Buckra, cos' Buckra tink 'e all right when nigger tink 'e all wrong."
Marston is not quite content with this: he must needs put another question to the old man. "You are sure there can be no mistaking them for mine?" he rejoins, fixing his eyes upon the children with an almost death-like stare, as Daddy leads them out of the room. The door closes after them, he paces the room for a time, seats himself in his chair again, and is soon absorbed in contemplation. "I must do something for them-I must snatch them from the jaws of danger. They are full of interest-they are mine; there is not a drop of negro blood in their veins96, and yet the world asks who are their mothers, what is their history? Ah! yes; in that history lies the canker that has eaten out the living springs of many lives. It is that which cuts deepest. Had I known myself, done what I might have done before it was too late, kindness would have its rewards; but I am fettered97, and the more I move the worse for them. Custom has laid the foundation of wrong, the law protects it, and a free government tolerates a law that shields iniquities98 blackening earth." In this train of thought his mind wandered. He would send the children into a free state, there to be educated; that they may live in the enjoyment99 of those rights with which nature had blest them. The obstacles of the law again stared him in the face; the wrong by which they were first enslaved, now forgotten, had brought its climax100.
Suddenly arousing from his reverie, he started to his feet, and walking across the floor, exclaimed in an audible voice, "I will surmount101 all difficulties,--I will recognise them as my children; I will send them where they may become ornaments102 of society, instead of living in shame and licentiousness103. This is my resolve, and I will carry it out, or die!"
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caption
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| n.说明，字幕，标题；v.加上标题，加上说明 | |
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dependence
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| n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属 | |
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den
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| n.兽穴；秘密地方；安静的小房间，私室 | |
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binding
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| 有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的 | |
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bin
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| n.箱柜；vt.放入箱内；[计算机] DOS文件名:二进制目标文件 | |
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dilate
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| vt.使膨胀，使扩大 | |
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kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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blot
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| vt.弄脏（用吸墨纸）吸干；n.污点，污渍 | |
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chattel
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| n.动产；奴隶 | |
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plantation
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| n.种植园，大农场 | |
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eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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mansion
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| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
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bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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ushered
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| v.引，领，陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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bout
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| n.侵袭，发作；一次(阵，回)；拳击等比赛 | |
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sluggishly
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| adv.懒惰地；缓慢地 | |
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contagion
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| n.(通过接触的疾病)传染；蔓延 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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lasting
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| adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持 | |
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precept
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| n.戒律；格言 | |
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plausible
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| adj.似真实的，似乎有理的，似乎可信的 | |
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profligacy
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| n.放荡，不检点，肆意挥霍 | |
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discredit
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| vt.使不可置信；n.丧失信义；不信，怀疑 | |
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perplexed
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| adj.不知所措的 | |
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ail
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| v.生病，折磨，苦恼 | |
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destitution
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| n.穷困，缺乏，贫穷 | |
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avarice
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| n.贪婪；贪心 | |
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repentance
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| n.懊悔 | |
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blemishes
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| n.（身体的）瘢点( blemish的名词复数 )；伤疤；瑕疵；污点 | |
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inert
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| adj.无活动能力的，惰性的；迟钝的 | |
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vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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reprobate
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| n.无赖汉；堕落的人 | |
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impunity
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| n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
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consign
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| vt.寄售（货品），托运，交托，委托 | |
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gallows
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| n.绞刑架，绞台 | |
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honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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diabolical
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| adj.恶魔似的，凶暴的 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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cordon
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| n.警戒线，哨兵线 | |
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doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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wretches
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| n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋 | |
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follies
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| 罪恶，时事讽刺剧； 愚蠢，蠢笨，愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 ) | |
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entailed
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| 使…成为必要( entail的过去式和过去分词 )； 需要； 限定继承； 使必需 | |
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misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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fathomless
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| a.深不可测的 | |
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jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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contemplating
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| 深思，细想，仔细考虑( contemplate的现在分词 )； 注视，凝视； 考虑接受（发生某事的可能性）； 深思熟虑，沉思，苦思冥想 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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doorway
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| n.门口，(喻)入门；门路，途径 | |
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attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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crooked
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| adj.弯曲的；不诚实的，狡猾的，不正当的 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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chiding
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| v.责骂，责备( chide的现在分词 ) | |
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lament
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| n.悲叹，悔恨，恸哭；v.哀悼，悔恨，悲叹 | |
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glistening
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| adj.闪耀的，反光的v.湿物闪耀，闪亮( glisten的现在分词 ) | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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quaintly
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| adv.古怪离奇地 | |
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instinctive
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| adj.(出于)本能的；直觉的；(出于)天性的 | |
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prosecute
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| vt.告发；进行；vi.告发，起诉，作检察官 | |
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condescended
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| 屈尊，俯就( condescend的过去式和过去分词 )； 故意表示和蔼可亲 | |
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soften
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| v.(使)变柔软；(使)变柔和 | |
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impair
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| v.损害，损伤；削弱，减少 | |
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tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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72
rankled
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| v.（使）痛苦不已，（使）怨恨不已( rankle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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harry
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| vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼 | |
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74
relinquishing
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| 交出，让给( relinquish的现在分词 )； 放弃 | |
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75
torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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77
regenerator
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| n.收革者，交流换热器，再生器；蓄热器 | |
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78
alluring
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| adj.吸引人的，迷人的 | |
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79
frailties
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| n.脆弱( frailty的名词复数 )；虚弱；（性格或行为上的）弱点；缺点 | |
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80
mused
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的过去式和过去分词 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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81
scampering
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| v.蹦蹦跳跳地跑，惊惶奔跑( scamper的现在分词 ) | |
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82
dangling
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| 悬吊着( dangle的现在分词 )； 摆动不定； 用某事物诱惑…； 吊胃口 | |
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83
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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84
enviously
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| adv.满怀嫉妒地 | |
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85
backwards
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| adv.往回地，向原处，倒，相反，前后倒置地 | |
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86
caresses
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| 爱抚，抚摸( caress的名词复数 ) | |
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87
caressed
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| 爱抚或抚摸…( caress的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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88
utterance
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| n.用言语表达，话语，言语 | |
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89
meekly
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| adv.温顺地，逆来顺受地 | |
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90
recoils
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| n.（尤指枪炮的）反冲，后坐力( recoil的名词复数 )v.畏缩( recoil的第三人称单数 )；退缩；报应；返回 | |
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misnomer
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| n.误称 | |
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92
glistened
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| v.湿物闪耀，闪亮( glisten的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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93
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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94
subsided
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| v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的过去式和过去分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
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guise
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| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
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96
veins
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| n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理 | |
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97
fettered
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| v.给…上脚镣，束缚( fetter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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98
iniquities
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| n.邪恶( iniquity的名词复数 )；极不公正 | |
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99
enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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100
climax
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| n.顶点；高潮；v.(使)达到顶点 | |
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101
surmount
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| vt.克服；置于…顶上 | |
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102
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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103
licentiousness
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| n.放肆，无法无天 | |
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