In Which A Dangerous Principle Is Illustrated1
SHOULD the sagacious reader be disappointed in our hero Nicholas, who, instead of being represented as a model of disinterestedness3, perilling4 his life to save others, sacrificing his own interests for the cause of liberty, and wasting on hardened mankind all those amiable5 qualities which belong only to angels, but with which heroes are generally invested for the happy purpose of pleasing the lover of romance, has evinced little else than an unbending will, he will find a palliation in that condition of life to which his oppressors have forced him to submit. Had Nicholas enjoyed his liberty, many incidents of a purely6 disinterested2 character might have been recorded to his fame, for indeed he had noble traits. That we have not put fiery7 words into his mouth, with which to execrate8 the tyrant9, while invoking10 the vengeance11 of heaven-and, too, that we are guilty of the crime of thus suddenly transferring him from boyhood to manhood, nor have hanged him to please the envious13 and vicious,--will find excuse with the indulgent reader, who will be kind enough to consider that it is our business to relate facts as they are, to the performance of which-unthankful though it may be-we have drawn14 from the abundance of material placed in our hand by the southern world. We may misname characters and transpose scenes, but southern manners and customs we have transcribed15 from nature, to which stern book we have religiously adhered. And, too (if the reader will pardon the digression), though we never have agreed with our very best admirers of the gallows16, some of whom hold it a means of correcting morals-nor, are yet ready to yield assent17 to the opinions of the many, so popularly laid down in favour of what we consider a medium of very unwholesome influence, we readily admit the existence of many persons who have well merited a very good hanging. But, were the same rules of evidence admissible in a court of law when a thief is on trial, applied18 against the practice of "publicly hanging," there would be little difficulty in convicting it of inciting19 to crime. Not only does the problem of complex philosophy-the reader may make the philosophy to suit his taste-presented in the contrariety of scenes on and about the gallows offer something irreconcileable to ordinary minds, but gives to the humorous large means with which to feast their love of the ludicrous. On the scaffold of destruction, our good brothers of the clergy20 would, pointing to the "awful example," assure the motley assembly gathered beneath, that he hath purified that soul, which will surely be accepted in heaven; but, he can in no wise condescend21 to let it, still directing the flesh, live on the less pure platform of earth. With eager eyes, the mass beneath him, their morbid22 appetites curiously23 distended24, heed25 not the good admonition; nay26, the curious wait in breathless suspense27 the launching a human being into eternity28; the vicious are busy in crime the while; the heedless make gay the holiday. Sum up the invention and perpetration of crime beneath the gallows on one of those singular gala-days, and the culprit expiating29 his guilt12 at the rope's end, as an "awful warning," will indeed have disclosed a shallow mockery. Taking this view of the hanging question, though we would deprive no man of his enjoyment30, we deem it highly improper31 that our hero should die by any other means than that which the chivalrous32 sons of the south declared "actually necessary."
But before proceeding33 further with Nicholas, it may be proper here to state that Annette and the stranger, in whose hands we left her, have arrived safe at New York. Maxwell-for such is his name-is with his uncle engaged in a lucrative34 commercial business; while Annette, for reasons we shall hereafter explain, instead of forthwith seeking the arms of an affectionate mother, is being educated at a female seminary in a village situated36 on the left bank of the Hudson River.
In returning to Nicholas, the reader will remember that Grabguy was something of a philosopher, the all-important functions of which medium he invoked37 on the occasion of his ejectment from Fetter38's court, for an interference which might at that moment have been taken as evidence of repentance39. The truth, however, was, that Grabguy, in the exercise of his philosophy, found the cash value of his slave about to be obliterated40 by the carrying out of Fetter's awful sentence. Here there rose that strange complexity41 which the physical action and mental force of slave property, acting42 in contrariety, so often produce. The physical of the slave was very valuable, and could be made to yield; but the mental being all powerful to oppose, completely annulled43 the monetary44 worth. But by allowing the lacerations to heal, sending him to New Orleans, and making a positive sale, some thousand or twelve hundred dollars might be saved; whereas, did Fetter's judgment45 take effect, Mr. Grabguy must content himself with the state's more humble46 award of two hundred dollars, less the trouble of getting. In this democratic perplexity did our economical alderman find himself placed, when, again invoking his philosophy-not in virtue47 of any sympathetic admonition, for sympathy was not of Grabguy-he soon found means of protecting his interests. To this end he sought and obtained an order from the Court of Appeals, which grave judiciary, after duly considering the evidence on which the criminal was convicted before Fetter's tribunal, was of opinion that evidence had been improperly48 extorted49 by cruelty; and, in accordance with that opinion, ordered a new trial, which said trial would be dististinguished above that at Fetter's court by being presided over by a judicial50 magistrate51. This distinguished52 functionary53, the judicial magistrate, who generally hears the appeals from Fetter's court, is a man of the name of Fairweather Fuddle, a clever wag, whose great good-nature is only equalled by the rotundity of his person, which is not a bad portraiture54 of our much-abused Sir John Falstaff, as represented by the heavy men of our country theatres. Now, to enter upon an analysis of the vast difference between Fetter's court in ordinary, and Fuddle's court in judiciary, would require the aid of more philosophy than we are capable of summoning; nor would the sagacious reader be enlightened thereby55, inasmuch as the learned of our own atmosphere have spent much study on the question without arriving at any favourable56 result. Very low people, and intelligent negroes-- whose simple mode of solving difficult problems frequently produces results nearest the truth--do say without fear or trembling that the distinction between these great courts exists in the fact of Justice Fuddle drinking the more perfect brandy. Now, whether the quality of brandy has anything to do with the purity of ideas, the character of the judiciary, or the tempering of the sentences, we will leave to the reader's discrimination; but true it is, that, while Fetter's judgments57 are always for the state, Fuddle leans to mercy and the master's interests. Again, were Fuddle to evince that partiality for the gallows which has become a trait of character with his legal brother, it would avail him nothing, inasmuch as by confirming Fetter's judgments the fees would alike remain that gentleman's. If, then, the reader reason on the philosophy of self-interest, he may find the fees, which are in no wise small, founding the great distinction between the courts of Messrs. Fuddle and Fetter; for by reversing Fetter's judgments fees accrue58 to Fuddle's own court, and belong to his own well-lined pocket; whereas, did he confirm them, not one cent of fees could he claim. The state should without delay remedy this great wrong, and give its judicial gentlemen a fair chance of proving their judgments well founded in contrariety. We should not, forsooth, forget to mention that Fuddle, in his love of decorum--though he scarce ever sat in judgment without absorbing his punch the while--never permitted in his forum59 the use of those knock-down arguments which were always a prelude60 to Fetter's judgments.
Before Fuddle's court, then, Grabguy has succeeded in getting a hearing for his convicted property, still mentally obstinate61. Not the least doubt has he of procuring62 a judgment tempered by mercy; for, having well drunk Fuddle on the previous night, and improved the opportunity for completely winning his distinguished consideration, he has not the slightest apprehension63 of being many months deprived of his property merely to satisfy injured justice. And, too, the evidence upon which Nicholas was convicted in Fetter's court, of an attempt to create an insurrection--the most fatal charge against him--was so imperfect that the means of overthrowing65 it can be purchased of any of the attendant constables67 for a mere64 trifle,--oaths with such fellows being worth about sixty-two and a half cents each.
If the reader will be pleased to fancy the trial before Fetter's tribunal--before described--with the knock-down arguments omitted, he will have a pretty clear idea of that now proceeding before Fuddle's; and having such will excuse our entering into details. Having heard the case with most, learned patience, the virtue of which has been well sustained by goodly potions of Paul and Brown's perfect "London Dock," Fuddle, with grave deportment, receives from the hands of the clerical-looking clerk-a broken-down gentleman of great legal ability-the charge he is about to make the jury. "Gentlemen," he says, "I might, without any detriment68 to perfect impunity69, place the very highest encomiums on the capabilities70 displayed in the seriousness you have given to this all-important case, in which the state has such deep and constitutional interests; but that I need not do here. The state having placed in my possession such responsible functions, no one more than me can feel the importance of the position; and which position has always been made the judicial medium of equity71 and mercy. I hold moderation to be the essential part of the judiciary, gentlemen! And here I would say" (Fuddle directs himself to his gentlemanly five) "and your intelligence will bear me out in the statement, that the trial below seems to have been in error from beginning to end. I say this-understand, gentlemen!--with all deference73 to my learned brother, Fetter, whose judgments, in the exercise of the powers in me invested, and with that respect for legal equity by which this court is distinguished, it has become me so often to reverse. On the charge of creating an insurrection--rather an absurdity74, by the way--you must discharge the prisoner, there being no valid75 proof; whereas the charge of maiming or raising his hand to a white man, though clearly proved, and according to the statutes76 a capital offence, could not in the spirit of mercy which now prevails in our judiciary--and, here, let me say, which is emulated77 by that high state of civilisation78 for which the people of this state are distinguished--be carried rigidly79 into effect. There is only this one point, then, of maiming a white gentleman, with intention--Ah! yes (a pause) the intention the court thinks it as well not to mind! open to you for a conviction. Upon this point you will render your verdict, guilty; only adding a recommendation to the mercy of the court." With this admonition, our august Mr. Fuddle, his face glowing in importance, sits down to his mixture of Paul and Brown's best. A few moments' pause--during which Fetter enters looking very anxious--and the jury have made up their verdict, which they submit on a slip of paper to the clerk, who in turn presents it to Fuddle. That functionary being busily engaged with his punch, is made conscious of the document waiting his pleasure by the audience bursting into a roar of laughter at the comical picture presented in the earnestness with which he regards his punch-some of which is streaming into his bosom80-and disregards the paper held for some minutes in the clerk's hand, which is in close proximity81 with his nasal organ. Starting suddenly, he lets the goblet82 fall to the floor, his face flushing like a broad moon in harvest-time, takes the paper in his fingers with a bow, making three of the same nature to his audience, as Fetter looks over the circular railing in front of the dock, his face wearing a facetious83 smile. "Nigger boy will clear away the break,--prisoner at the bar will stand up for the sentence, and the attending constable66 will reduce order!" speaks Fuddle, relieving his pocket of a red kerchief with which he will wipe his capacious mouth. These requests being complied with, he continues-having adjusted his glasses most learnedly-making a gesture with his right hand--"I hold in my hand the solemn verdict of an intelligent jury, who, after worthy84 and most mature deliberation, find the prisoner at the bar, Nicholas Grabguy, guilty of the heinous85 offence of raising his hand to a white man, whom he severely86 maimed with a sharp-edged tool; and the jury in their wisdom, recognising the fact of their verdict involving capital punishment, have, in the exercise of that enlightened spirit which is inseparable from our age, recommended him to the mercy of this court, and, in the discretion87 of that power in me invested, I shall now pronounce sentence. Prepare, then, ye lovers of civilisation, ye friends of humanity, ye who would temper the laws of our land of freedom to the circumstance of offences--prepare, I say, to have your ears and hearts made glad over the swelling88 sound of this most enlightened sentence of a court, where judgments are tempered with mercy." Our hero, a chain hanging loosely from his left arm, stands forward in the dock, his manly72 deportment evincing a stern resolution to meet his fate unsubdued. Fuddle continues:--"There is no appeal from this court!" (he forgot the court of a brighter world) "and a reversing the decision of the court below, I sentence the prisoner to four years' imprisonment89 with hard labour, two months' solitary90 confinement91 in each year, and thirty blows with the paddle, on the first day of each month until the expiration92 of the sentence." Such, reader, was Fuddle's merciful sentence upon one whose only crime was a love of freedom and justice. Nicholas bowed to the sentence; Mr. Grabguy expressed surprise, but no further appeal on earth was open to him; Squire93 Fetter laughed immeasurably; and the officer led his victim away to the place of durance vile94.
To this prison, then, must we go with our hero. In this magnificent establishment, its princely exterior95 seeming like a modern fort with frowning bastions, are some four hundred souls for sale and punishment. Among them Nicholas is initiated96, having, for the time being, received his first installment97 of blows, and takes his first lesson in the act of breaking stone, which profession is exclusively reserved for criminals of his class. Among the notable characters connected with this establishment is Philip Fladge, the wily superintendent98, whose power over the criminals is next to absolute. Nicholas has been under Philip's guardianship99 but a few months, when it is found that he may be turned into an investment which will require only the outlay100 of kindness and amelioration on his part to become extremely profitable. Forthwith a convention is entered into, the high contracting parties being Nicholas and himself. Mr. Fladge stipulates101 on his part that the said Nicholas, condemned102 by Fairweather Fuddle's court to such punishments as are set forth35 in the calendar, shall be exempt103 from all such punishments, have the free use of the yard, comfortable apartments to live in, and be invested with a sort of foremanship over his fellow criminals; in consideration of which it is stipulated104 on the part of Nicholas that he do work at the more desirable profession of stucco-making, together with the execution of orders for sculpture, the proceeds of which were to be considered the property of Fladge, he allowing the generous stipend105 of one shilling a week to the artist. Here, then, Mr. Fladge becomes sensible of the fact that some good always come of great evils, for indeed his criminal was so far roving a mine of wealth that he only hoped it might be his fortune to receive many more such enemies of the state: he cared not whether they came from Fetter or Fuddle's court. With sense enough to keep his heart-burnings well stored away in his own bosom, Nicholas soon became a sort of privileged character. But if he said little, he felt much; nor did he fail to occupy every leisure moment in inciting his brother bondmen to a love of freedom. So far had he gained complete control over their feelings, that scarce two months of his sentence had expired ere they would have followed his lead to death or freedom.
Among those human souls stored for sale was one Sal Stiles, an olive wench of great beauty, and daughter of one of the very first families. This Sal Stiles, who was indeed one of the most charming creatures to look upon, had cousins whom the little world of Charleston viewed as great belles106; but these said belles were never known to ring out a word in favour of poor Sal, who was, forsooth, only what-in our vulgar parlance-is called a well-conditioned and very marketable woman. Considering, then, that Nicholas had been separated by Grabguy from his wife and children, the indulgent reader, we feel assured, will excuse our hero for falling passionately107 in love with this woman. That it was stipulated in the convention between himself and Fladge, he should take her unto himself, we are not justified108 in asserting; nevertheless, that that functionary encouraged the passion rather than prevented their meetings is a fact our little world will not pretend to deny.
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illustrated
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| adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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disinterested
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| adj.不关心的，不感兴趣的 | |
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disinterestedness
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perilling
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| 置…于危险中（peril的现在分词形式） | |
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amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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purely
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| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
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fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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execrate
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| v.憎恶；厌恶；诅咒 | |
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tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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invoking
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| v.援引( invoke的现在分词 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求 | |
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vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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guilt
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| n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责 | |
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envious
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| adj.嫉妒的，羡慕的 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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transcribed
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| （用不同的录音手段）转录( transcribe的过去式和过去分词 )； 改编（乐曲）（以适应他种乐器或声部）； 抄写； 用音标标出（声音） | |
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gallows
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| n.绞刑架，绞台 | |
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assent
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| v.批准，认可；n.批准，认可 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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inciting
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| 刺激的，煽动的 | |
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clergy
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| n.[总称]牧师，神职人员 | |
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condescend
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| v.俯就，屈尊；堕落，丢丑 | |
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morbid
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| adj.病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的 | |
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curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
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distended
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| v.（使）膨胀，肿胀( distend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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heed
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| v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心 | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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suspense
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| n.（对可能发生的事）紧张感，担心，挂虑 | |
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eternity
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| n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷 | |
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expiating
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| v.为（所犯罪过）接受惩罚，赎（罪）( expiate的现在分词 ) | |
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enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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improper
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| adj.不适当的，不合适的，不正确的，不合礼仪的 | |
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chivalrous
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| adj.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的 | |
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proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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lucrative
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| adj.赚钱的，可获利的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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invoked
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| v.援引( invoke的过去式和过去分词 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求 | |
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fetter
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| n./vt.脚镣，束缚 | |
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repentance
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| n.懊悔 | |
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obliterated
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| v.除去( obliterate的过去式和过去分词 )；涂去；擦掉；彻底破坏或毁灭 | |
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complexity
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| n.复杂(性)，复杂的事物 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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annulled
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| v.宣告无效( annul的过去式和过去分词 )；取消；使消失；抹去 | |
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monetary
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| adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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improperly
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| 不正确地，不适当地 | |
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extorted
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| v.敲诈( extort的过去式和过去分词 )；曲解 | |
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judicial
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| adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的 | |
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magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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functionary
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| n.官员；公职人员 | |
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portraiture
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| n.肖像画法 | |
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thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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judgments
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| 判断( judgment的名词复数 )； 鉴定； 评价； 审判 | |
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accrue
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| v.(利息等)增大，增多 | |
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forum
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| n.论坛，讨论会 | |
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prelude
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| n.序言，前兆，序曲 | |
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obstinate
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| adj.顽固的，倔强的，不易屈服的，较难治愈的 | |
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procuring
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的现在分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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overthrowing
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| v.打倒，推翻( overthrow的现在分词 )；使终止 | |
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constable
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| n.(英国)警察，警官 | |
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constables
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| n.警察( constable的名词复数 ) | |
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detriment
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| n.损害；损害物，造成损害的根源 | |
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impunity
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| n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
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capabilities
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| n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力 | |
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equity
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| n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票 | |
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manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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deference
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| n.尊重，顺从；敬意 | |
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absurdity
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| n.荒谬，愚蠢；谬论 | |
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valid
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| adj.有确实根据的；有效的；正当的，合法的 | |
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76
statutes
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| 成文法( statute的名词复数 )； 法令； 法规； 章程 | |
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emulated
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| v.与…竞争( emulate的过去式和过去分词 )；努力赶上；计算机程序等仿真；模仿 | |
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civilisation
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| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
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rigidly
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| adv.刻板地，僵化地 | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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proximity
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| n.接近，邻近 | |
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82
goblet
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| n.高脚酒杯 | |
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facetious
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| adj.轻浮的，好开玩笑的 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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heinous
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| adj.可憎的，十恶不赦的 | |
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severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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88
swelling
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| n.肿胀 | |
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89
imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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confinement
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| n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限 | |
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expiration
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| n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物 | |
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squire
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| n.护卫, 侍从, 乡绅 | |
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vile
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| adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的 | |
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exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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initiated
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| n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始，创始，启蒙，介绍加入 | |
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installment
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| n.(instalment)分期付款；(连载的)一期 | |
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superintendent
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| n.监督人，主管，总监；(英国)警务长 | |
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guardianship
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| n. 监护, 保护, 守护 | |
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outlay
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| n.费用，经费，支出；v.花费 | |
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101
stipulates
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| n.（尤指在协议或建议中）规定，约定，讲明（条件等）( stipulate的名词复数 )；规定，明确要求v.（尤指在协议或建议中）规定，约定，讲明（条件等）( stipulate的第三人称单数 )；规定，明确要求 | |
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102
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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103
exempt
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| adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者 | |
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104
stipulated
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| vt.& vi.规定；约定adj.[法]合同规定的 | |
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105
stipend
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| n.薪贴；奖学金；养老金 | |
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106
belles
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| n.美女( belle的名词复数 )；最美的美女 | |
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107
passionately
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| ad.热烈地，激烈地 | |
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108
justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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