A FEW REFLECTIONS ON THE CURE OF VICE1
DISAPPOINTED, and not a little chagrined2, at the failure of his mission, the young man muses3 over the next best course to pursue. He has the inebriate4's welfare at heart; he knows there is no state of degradation5 so low that the victim cannot, under proper care, be reclaimed6 from it; and he feels duty calling loudly to him not to stand trembling on the brink7, but to enter the abode8 of the victim, and struggle to make clean the polluted. Vice, he says to himself, is not entailed9 in the heart; and if you would modify and correct the feelings inclined to evil, you must first feed the body, then stimulate10 the ambition; and when you have got the ambition right, seek a knowledge of the heart, and apply to it those mild and judicious11 remedies which soften12 its action, and give life to new thoughts and a higher state of existence. Once create the vine of moral rectitude, and its branches will soon get where they can take care of themselves. But to give the vine creation in poor soil, your watching must exhibit forbearance, and your care a delicate hand. The stubbornly-inclined nature, when coupled with ignorance, is that in which vice takes deepest root, as it is, when educated, that against which vice is least effectual. To think of changing the natural inclination13 of such natures with punishment, or harsh correctives, is as useless as would be an attempt to stop the ebbing14 and flowing of the tide. You must nurture15 the feelings, he thought, create a susceptibility, get the heart right, by holding out the value of a better state of things, and make the head to feel that you are sincere in your work of love; and, above all, you must not forget the stomach, for if that go empty crime will surely creep into the head. You cannot correct moral infirmity by confining the victim of it among criminals, for no greater punishment can be inflicted17 on the feelings of man; and punishment destroys rather than encourages the latent susceptibility of our better nature. In nine cases out of ten, improper18 punishment makes the hardened criminals with which your prisons are filled, destroying forever that spark of ambition which might have been fostered into a means to higher ends.
And as the young man thus muses, there recurs19 to his mind the picture of old Absalom McArthur, a curious old man, but excessively kind, and always ready to do "a bit of a good turn for one in need," as he would say when a needy20 friend sought his assistance. McArthur is a dealer21 in curiosities, is a venerable curiosity himself, and has always something on hand to meet the wants of a community much given to antiquity22 and broken reputations.
The young theologian will seek this good old man. He feels that time will work a favorable revolution in the feelings of Tom's mother; and to be prepared for that happy event he will plead a shelter for him under McArthur's roof.
And now, generous reader, we will, with your permission, permit him to go on his errand of mercy, while we go back and see how Tom prospers23 at the old prison. You, we well know, have not much love of prisons. But unless we do now and then enter them, our conceptions of how much misery24 man can inflict16 upon man will be small indeed.
The man of sailor-like deportment, and whom the prisoners salute25 with the sobriquet26 of "Old Spunyarn," entered, you will please remember, the cell, as the young theologian left in search of Mrs. Swiggs. "I thought I'd just haul my tacks27 aboard, run up a bit, and see what sort of weather you were making, Tom," says he, touching28 clumsily his small-brimmed, plait hat, as he recognizes the young man, whom he salutes29 in that style so frank and characteristic of the craft. "He's a bit better, sir-isn't he?" inquires Spunyarn, his broad, honest face, well browned and whiskered, warming with a glow of satisfaction.
Receiving an answer in the affirmative, he replies he is right glad of it, not liking30 to see a shipmate in a drift. And he gives his quid a lurch31 aside, throws his hat carelessly upon the floor, shrugs32 his shoulders, and as he styles it, nimbly brings himself to a mooring33, at Tom's side. "It's a hard comforter, this state. I don't begrudge34 your mother the satisfaction she gets of sending you here. In her eyes, ye see, yeer fit only to make fees out on, for them ar lawyer chaps. They'd keep puttin' a body in an' out here during his natural life, just for the sake of gettin' the fees. They don't care for such things as you and I. We hain't no rights; and if we had, why we hain't no power. This carryin' too much head sail, Tom, won't do-'twon't!" Spunyarn shakes his head reprovingly, fusses over Tom, turns him over on his wales, as he has it, and finally gets him on his beam's ends, a besotted wreck35 unable to carry his canvas. "Lost yeer reckonin', eh, Tom?" he continues as that bewildered individual stares vacantly at him. The inebriate contorts painfully his face, presses and presses his hands to his burning forehead, and says they are firing a salute in his head, using his brains for ammunition36.
"Well, now Tom, seein' as how I'm a friend of yourn--"
"Friend of mine?" interrupts Tom, shaking his head, and peering through his fingers mistrustfully.
"And this is a hard lee shore you've beached upon; I'll lend ye a hand to get in the head sail, and get the craft trimmed up a little. A dash of the same brine will help keep the ballast right, then a skysail-yard breakfast must be carefully stowed away, in order to give a firmness to the timbers, and on the strength of these two blocks for shoring up the hull37, you must begin little by little, and keep on brightening up until you have got the craft all right again. And when you have got her right you must keep her right. I say, Tom!--it won't do. You must reef down, or the devil 'll seize the helm in one of these blows, and run you into a port too warm for pea-jackets." For a moment, Spunyarn seems half inclined to grasp Tom by his collarless coat and shake the hydrophobia, as he calls it, out of him; then, as if incited38 by a second thought, he draws from his shirt-bosom39 a large, wooden comb, and humming a tune40 commences combing and fussing over Tom's hair, which stands erect41 over his head like marline-spikes. At length he gets a craft-like set upon his foretop, and turning his head first to the right, then to the left, as a child does a doll, he views him with an air of exultation42. "I tell you what it is, Tom," he continues, relieving him of the old coat, "the bright begins to come! There's three points of weather made already."
"God bless you, Spunyarn," replies Tom, evidently touched by the frankness and generosity43 of the old sailor. Indeed there was something so whole-hearted about old Spunyarn, that he was held in universal esteem44 by every one in jail, with the single exception of Milman Mingle45, the vote-cribber.
"Just think of yourself, Tom-don't mind me," pursues the sailor as Tom squeezes firmly his hand. "You've had a hard enough time of it--" Tom interrupts by saying, as he lays his hands upon his sides, he is sore from head to foot.
"Don't wonder," returns the sailor. "It's a great State, this South Carolina. It seems swarming46 with poor and powerless folks. Everybody has power to put everybody in jail, where the State gives a body two dog's-hair and rope-yarn blankets to lay upon, and grants the sheriff, Mr. Hardscrable, full license47 to starve us, and put the thirty cents a day it provides for our living into his breeches pockets. Say what you will about it, old fellow, it's a brief way of doing a little profit in the business of starvation. I don't say this with any ill-will to the State that regards its powerless and destitute48 with such criminal contempt-I don't." And he brings water, gets Tom upon his feet, forces him into a clean shirt, and regards him in the light of a child whose reformation he is determined49 on perfecting. He sees that in the fallen man which implies a hope of ultimate usefulness, notwithstanding the sullen50 silence, the gloomy frown on his knitted brow, and the general air of despair that pervades51 the external man.
"There!" he exclaims, having improved the personal of the inebriate, and folding his arms as he steps back apace to have a better view of his pupil--"now, don't think of being triced up in this dreary52 vault53. Be cheerful, brace54 up your resolution-never let the devil think you know he is trying to put the last seal on your fate-never!" Having slipped the black kerchief from his own neck, he secures it about Tom's, adjusts the shark's bone at the throat, and mounts the braid hat upon his head with a hearty55 blow on the crown. "Look at yourself! They'd mistake you for a captain of the foretop," he pursues, and good-naturedly he lays his broad, browned hands upon Tom's shoulders, and forces him up to a triangular56 bit of glass secured with three tacks to the wall.
Tom's hands wander down his sides as he contemplates57 himself in the glass, saying: "I look a shade up, I reckon! And I feel-I have to thank you for it, Spunyarn-something different all over me. God bless you! I won't forget you. But I'm hungry; that's all that ails58 me now.
"I may thank my mother--"
"Thank yourself, Tom," interposes the sailor.
"For all this. She has driven me to this; yes, she has made my soul dead with despair!" And he bursts into a wild, fierce laugh. A moment's pause, and he says, in a subdued59 voice, "I'm a slave, a fool, a wanderer in search of his own distress60."
The kind-hearted sailor seats his pupil upon a board bench, and proceeds down stairs, where, with the bribe61 of a glass of whiskey, he induces the negro cook to prepare for Tom a bowl of coffee and a biscuit. In truth, we must confess, that Spunyarn was so exceedingly liberal of his friendship that he would at times appropriate to himself the personal effects of his neighbors. But we must do him justice by saying that this was only when a friend in need claimed his attention. And this generous propensity62 he the more frequently exercised upon the effects-whiskey, cold ham, crackers63 and cheese- of the vote-cribber, whom he regards as a sort of cold-hearted land-lubber, whose political friends outside were not what they should be. If the vote-cribber's aristocratic friends (and South Carolina politicians were much given to dignity and bad whiskey) sent him luxuries that tantalized64 the appetites of poverty-oppressed debtors65, and poor prisoners starving on a pound of bread a-day, Spunyarn held this a legitimate66 plea for holding in utter contempt the right to such gifts. And what was more singular of this man was, that he always knew the latitude67 and longitude68 of the vote-cribber's bottle, and what amount of water was necessary to keep up the gauge69 he had reduced in supplying his flask70.
And now that Tom's almost hopeless condition presents a warrantable excuse, (the vote-cribber has this moment passed into the cell to take a cursory71 glance at Tom,) Spunyarn slips nimbly into the vote-cribber's cell, withdraws a brick from the old chimney, and seizing the black neck of a blacker bottle, drags it forth72, holds it in the shadow of the doorway73, squints74 exultingly75 at the contents, shrugs his stalwart shoulders, and empties a third of the liquid, which he replaces with water from a bucket near by, into his tin-topped flask. This done, he ingeniously replaces the bottle, slides the flask suspiciously into his bosom, saying, "It'll taste just as strong to a vote-cribber," and seeks that greasy76 potentate77, the prison cook. This dignitary has always laid something aside for Spunyarn; he knows Spunyarn has something laid aside for him, which makes the condition mutual78.
"A new loafer let loose on the world!" says the vote-cribber, entering the domain79 of the inebriate with a look of fierce scorn. "The State is pestered80 to death with such things as you. What do they send you here for?-disturbing the quiet and respectability of the prison! You're only fit to enrich the bone-yard-hardly that; perhaps only for lawyers to get fees of. The State 'll starve you, old Hardscrabble 'll make a few dollars out of your feed-but what of that? We don't want you here." There was something so sullen and mysterious in the coarse features of this stalwart man-something so revolting in his profession, though it was esteemed81 necessary to the elevation82 of men seeking political popularity-something so at variance83 with common sense in the punishment meted84 out to him who followed it, as to create a deep interest in his history, notwithstanding his coldness towards the inebriate. And yet you sought in vain for one congenial or redeeming85 trait in the character of this man.
"Well," returns the inebriate, "a patriot then; have it as you like it. I'm not over-sensitive of the distinction." The fallen man drops his head into his hands, stabbed with remorse88, while the vote-cribber folds his brawny89 arms leisurely90, paces to and fro before him, and scans him with his keen, gray eyes, after the manner of one mutely contemplating91 an imprisoned92 animal.
"You need not give yourself so much concern about me--"
"I was only thinking over in my head what a good subject to crib, a week or two before fall election, you'd be. You've a vote?"
Tom good-naturedly says he has. He always throws it for the "old Charleston" party, being sure of a release, as are some dozen caged birds, just before election.
"I have declared eternal hatred93 against that party; never pays its cribbers!" Mingle scornfully retorts; and having lighted his pipe, continues his pacing. "As for this jail," he mutters to himself, "I've no great respect for it; but there is a wide difference between a man who they put in here for sinning against himself, and one who only violates a law of the State, passed in opposition94 to popular opinion. However, you seem brightened up a few pegs95, and, only let whiskey alone, you may be something yet. Keep up an acquaintance with the pump, and be civil to respectable prisoners, that's all."
This admonition of the vote-cribber had a deeper effect on the feelings of the inebriate than was indicated by his outward manner. He had committed no crime, and yet he found himself among criminals of every kind; and what was worse, they affected96 to look down upon him. Had he reached a stage of degradation so low that even the felon97 loathed98 his presence? Was he an outcast, stripped of every means of reform-of making himself a man? Oh no! The knife of the destroyer had plunged99 deep-disappointment had tortured his brain-he was drawn100 deeper into the pool of misery by the fatal fascinations101 of the house of Madame Flamingo102, where, shunned103 by society, he had sought relief-but there was yet one spark of pride lingering in his heart. That spark the vote-cribber had touched; and with that spark Tom resolved to kindle104 for himself a new existence. He had pledged his honor to the young theologian; he would not violate it.
The old sailor, with elated feelings, and bearing in his hands a bowl of coffee and two slices of toasted bread, is accosted105 by several suspicious-looking prisoners, who have assembled in the corridor for the purpose of scenting106 fresh air, with sundry107 questions concerning the state of his pupil's health.
"He has had a rough night," the sailor answers, "but is now a bit calm. In truth, he only wants a bit of good steering108 to get him into smooth weather again." Thus satisfying the inquirers, he hurries up stairs as the vote-cribber hurries down, and setting his offering on the window-sill, draws from his bosom the concealed109 flask. "There, Tom!" he says, with childlike satisfaction, holding the flask before him--"only two pulls. To-morrow reef down to one; and the day after swear a dissolution of copartnership, for this chap (he points to the whiskey) is too mighty110 for you."
Tom hesitates, as if questioning the quality of the drug he is about to administer.
"Only two!" interrupts the sailor. "It will reduce the ground-swell a bit." The outcast places the flask to his lips, and having drank with contorted face passes it back with a sigh, and extends his right hand. "My honor is nothing to the world, Spunyarn, but it is yet something to me; and by it I swear (here he grasps tighter the hand of the old sailor, as a tear moistens his suffused111 cheeks) never to touch the poison again. It has grappled me like a fierce animal I could not shake off; it has made me the scoffed112 of felons-I will cease to be its victim; and having gained the victory, be hereafter a friend to myself."
"God bless you-may you never want a friend, Tom-and may He give you strength to keep the resolution. That's my wish." And the old sailor shook Tom's hand fervently113, in pledge of his sincerity114.
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1
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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chagrined
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| adj.懊恼的，苦恼的v.使懊恼，使懊丧，使悔恨( chagrin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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muses
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的第三人称单数 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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inebriate
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| v.使醉 | |
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degradation
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| n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变 | |
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reclaimed
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| adj.再生的；翻造的；收复的；回收的v.开拓( reclaim的过去式和过去分词 )；要求收回；从废料中回收（有用的材料）；挽救 | |
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brink
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| n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿 | |
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abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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entailed
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| 使…成为必要( entail的过去式和过去分词 )； 需要； 限定继承； 使必需 | |
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10
stimulate
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| vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋 | |
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judicious
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| adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的 | |
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soften
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| v.(使)变柔软；(使)变柔和 | |
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13
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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14
ebbing
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| （指潮水）退( ebb的现在分词 )； 落； 减少； 衰落 | |
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nurture
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| n.养育，照顾，教育；滋养，营养品；vt.养育，给与营养物，教养，扶持 | |
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inflict
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| vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担 | |
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inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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improper
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| adj.不适当的，不合适的，不正确的，不合礼仪的 | |
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recurs
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| 再发生，复发( recur的第三人称单数 ) | |
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needy
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| adj.贫穷的，贫困的，生活艰苦的 | |
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dealer
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| n.商人，贩子 | |
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antiquity
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| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
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prospers
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| v.成功，兴旺( prosper的第三人称单数 ) | |
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misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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salute
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| vi.行礼，致意，问候，放礼炮；vt.向…致意，迎接，赞扬；n.招呼，敬礼，礼炮 | |
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sobriquet
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| n.绰号 | |
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tacks
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| 大头钉( tack的名词复数 )； 平头钉； 航向； 方法 | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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salutes
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| n.致敬，欢迎，敬礼( salute的名词复数 )v.欢迎，致敬( salute的第三人称单数 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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lurch
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| n.突然向前或旁边倒；v.蹒跚而行 | |
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shrugs
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| n.耸肩（以表示冷淡，怀疑等）( shrug的名词复数 ) | |
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mooring
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| n.停泊处；系泊用具，系船具；下锚v.停泊，系泊（船只）(moor的现在分词) | |
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begrudge
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| vt.吝啬，羡慕 | |
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wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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ammunition
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| n.军火，弹药 | |
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37
hull
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| n.船身；(果、实等的)外壳；vt.去(谷物等)壳 | |
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incited
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| 刺激，激励，煽动( incite的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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tune
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| n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整 | |
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41
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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42
exultation
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| n.狂喜，得意 | |
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generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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44
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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45
mingle
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| vt.使混合，使相混；vi.混合起来；相交往 | |
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46
swarming
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| 密集( swarm的现在分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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47
license
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| n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许 | |
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destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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50
sullen
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| adj.愠怒的，闷闷不乐的，(天气等)阴沉的 | |
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pervades
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| v.遍及，弥漫( pervade的第三人称单数 ) | |
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dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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vault
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| n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室 | |
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brace
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| n. 支柱,曲柄,大括号; v. 绷紧,顶住,(为困难或坏事)做准备 | |
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55
hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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triangular
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| adj.三角（形）的，三者间的 | |
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contemplates
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| 深思，细想，仔细考虑( contemplate的第三人称单数 )； 注视，凝视； 考虑接受（发生某事的可能性）； 深思熟虑，沉思，苦思冥想 | |
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ails
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| v.生病( ail的第三人称单数 )；感到不舒服；处境困难；境况不佳 | |
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subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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bribe
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| n.贿赂；v.向…行贿，买通 | |
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propensity
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| n.倾向；习性 | |
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crackers
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| adj.精神错乱的，癫狂的n.爆竹( cracker的名词复数 )；薄脆饼干；（认为）十分愉快的事；迷人的姑娘 | |
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tantalized
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| v.逗弄，引诱，折磨( tantalize的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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debtors
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| n.债务人，借方( debtor的名词复数 ) | |
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legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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latitude
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| n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区 | |
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longitude
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| n.经线，经度 | |
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gauge
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| v.精确计量；估计；n.标准度量；计量器 | |
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flask
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| n.瓶，火药筒，砂箱 | |
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cursory
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| adj.粗略的；草率的；匆促的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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doorway
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| n.门口，(喻)入门；门路，途径 | |
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squints
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| 斜视症( squint的名词复数 )； 瞥 | |
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exultingly
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| 兴高采烈地，得意地 | |
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greasy
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| adj. 多脂的，油脂的 | |
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potentate
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| n.统治者；君主 | |
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mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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pestered
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| 使烦恼，纠缠( pester的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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elevation
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| n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高 | |
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variance
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| n.矛盾，不同 | |
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meted
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| v.（对某人）施以，给予（处罚等）( mete的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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redeeming
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| 补偿的，弥补的 | |
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fixture
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| n.固定设备；预定日期；比赛时间；定期存款 | |
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patriot
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| n.爱国者，爱国主义者 | |
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remorse
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| n.痛恨，悔恨，自责 | |
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brawny
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| adj.强壮的 | |
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leisurely
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| adj.悠闲的；从容的，慢慢的 | |
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contemplating
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| 深思，细想，仔细考虑( contemplate的现在分词 )； 注视，凝视； 考虑接受（发生某事的可能性）； 深思熟虑，沉思，苦思冥想 | |
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imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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pegs
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| n.衣夹( peg的名词复数 )；挂钉；系帐篷的桩；弦钮v.用夹子或钉子固定( peg的第三人称单数 )；使固定在某水平 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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felon
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| n.重罪犯；adj.残忍的 | |
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loathed
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| v.憎恨，厌恶( loathe的过去式和过去分词 )；极不喜欢 | |
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plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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fascinations
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| n.魅力( fascination的名词复数 )；有魅力的东西；迷恋；陶醉 | |
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flamingo
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| n.红鹳，火烈鸟 | |
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103
shunned
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| v.避开，回避，避免( shun的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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104
kindle
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| v.点燃，着火 | |
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105
accosted
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| v.走过去跟…讲话( accost的过去式和过去分词 )；跟…搭讪；（乞丐等）上前向…乞讨；（妓女等）勾搭 | |
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106
scenting
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| vt.闻到（scent的现在分词形式） | |
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107
sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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108
steering
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| n.操舵装置 | |
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109
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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110
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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111
suffused
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| v.（指颜色、水气等）弥漫于，布满( suffuse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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112
scoffed
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| 嘲笑，嘲弄( scoff的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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113
fervently
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| adv.热烈地，热情地，强烈地 | |
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114
sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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