At a sign from the Portuguese1, the natives drew back, raised Harris's corpse2 and carried it away. Alvez and Coimbra demanded Dick Sand's immediate3 death, but Negoro said to them in a low voice that they would lose nothing by waiting. The order was given to take away the young novice4, with a caution not to lose sight of him for a moment.
Dick Sand had seen Negoro for the first time since their departure from the coast. He knew that this wretch5 was alone responsible for the loss of the "Pilgrim." He ought to hate him still more than his accomplices6. And yet, after having struck the American, he scorned to address a word to Negoro. Harris had said that Mrs. Weldon and her child had succumbed7. Nothing interested him now, not even what they would do with him. They would send him away. Where? It did not matter.
Dick Sand, heavily chained, was left on the floor of a pen without a window, a kind of dungeon8 where the trader, Alvez, shut up the slaves condemned9 to death for rebellion or unlawful acts. There he could no longer have any communication with the exterior10; he no longer dreamed of regretting it. He had avenged11 those whom he loved, who no longer lived. Whatever fate awaited him, he was ready for it.
It will be understood that if Negoro had stopped the natives who were about to punish Harris's murderer, it was only because he wished to reserve Dick Sand for one of those terrible torments12 of which the natives hold the secret. The ship's cook held in his power the captain of fifteen years. He only wanted Hercules to make his vengeance13 complete.
Two days afterward14, May 28th, the sale began, the great "lakoni," during which the traders of the principal factories of the interior would meet the natives of the neighboring provinces. This market was not specially15 for the sale of slaves, but all the products of this fertile Africa would be gathered there with the producers.
From early morning all was intense animation16 on the vast "tchitoka" of Kazounde, and it is difficult to give a proper idea of the scene. It was a concourse of four or five thousand persons, including Alvez's slaves, among whom were Tom and his companions. These four men, for the reason that they belonged to a different race, are all the more valuable to the brokers17 in human flesh. Alvez was there, the first among all. Attended by Coimbra, he offered the slaves in lots. These the traders from the interior would form into caravans18. Among these traders were certain half-breeds from Oujiji, the principal market of Lake Tanganyika, and some Arabs, who are far superior to the half-breeds in this kind of trade.
The natives flocked there in great numbers. There were children, men, and women, the latter being animated19 traders, who, as regards a genius for bargaining, could only be compared to their white sisters.
In the markets of large cities, even on a great day of sale, there is never much noise or confusion. Among the civilized20 the need of selling exceeds the desire to buy. Among these African savages21 offers are made with as much eagerness as demands.
The "lakoni" is a festival day for the natives of both sexes, and if for good reasons they do not put on their best clothes, they at least wear their handsomest ornaments22.
Some wear the hair divided in four parts, covered with cushions, and in plaits tied like a chignon or arranged in pan-handles on the front of the head with bunches of red feathers. Others have the hair in bent24 horns sticky with red earth and oil, like the red lead used to close the joints25 of machines. In these masses of real or false hair is worn a bristling26 assemblage of skewers27, iron and ivory pins, often even, among elegant people, a tattooing28-knife is stuck in the crisp mass, each hair of which is put through a "sofi" or glass bead29, thus forming a tapestry30 of different-colored grains. Such are the edifices31 most generally seen on the heads of the men.
The women prefer to divide their hair in little tufts of the size of a cherry, in wreaths, in twists the ends of which form designs in relief, and in corkscrews, worn the length of the face. A few, more simple and perhaps prettier, let their long hair hang down the back, in the English style, and others wear it cut over the forehead in a fringe, like the French. Generally they wear on these wigs32 a greasy33 putty, made of red clay or of glossy34 "ukola," a red substance extracted from sandal-wood, so that these elegant persons look as if their heads were dressed with tiles.
It must not be supposed that this luxury of ornamentation is confined to the hair of the natives. What are ears for if not to pass pins of precious wood through, also copper35 rings, charms of plaited maize36, which draw them forward, or little gourds37 which do for snuff-boxes, and to such an extent that the distended38 lobes39 of these appendages40 fall sometimes to the shoulders of their owners?
After all, the African savages have no pockets, and how could they have any? This gives rise to the necessity of placing where they can their knives, pipes, and other customary objects. As for the neck, arms, wrists, legs, and ankles, these various parts of the body are undoubtedly41 destined42 to carry the copper and brass43 bracelets44, the horns cut off and decorated with bright buttons, the rows of red pearls, called same-sames or "talakas," and which were very fashionable. Besides, with these jewels, worn in profusion45, the wealthy people of the place looked like traveling shrines46.
Again, if nature gave the natives teeth, was it not that they could pull out the upper and lower incisors, file them in points, and curve them in sharp fangs47 like the fangs of a rattlesnake? If she has placed nails at the end of the fingers, is it not that they may grow so immoderately that the use of the hand is rendered almost impossible? If the skin, black or brown, covers the human frame, is it not so as to zebra it by "temmbos" or tattooings representing trees, birds, crescents, full moons, or waving lines, in which Livingstone thought he could trace the designs of ancient Egypt? This tattooing, done by fathers, is practised by means of a blue matter introduced into the incisions48, and is "stereotyped49" point by point on the bodies of the children, thus establishing to what tribe or to what family they belong. The coat-of-arms must be engraved50 on the breast, when it cannot be painted on the panel of a carriage.
Such are the native fashions in ornament23. In regard to garments properly so called, they are summed up very easily; for the men, an apron51 of antelope52 leather, reaching to the knees, or perhaps a petticoat of a straw material of brilliant colors; for the women, a belt of pearls, supporting at the hips53 a green petticoat, embroidered54 in silk, ornamented55 with glass beads56 or coury; sometimes they wear garments made of "lambba," a straw material, blue, black, and yellow, which is much prized by the natives of Zanzibar.
These, of course, are the negroes of the best families. The others, merchants, and slaves, are seldom clothed. The women generally act as porters, and reach the market with enormous baskets on their back, which they hold by means of a leathern strap57 passed over the forehead. Then, their places being taken, and the merchandise unpacked58, they squat59 in their empty baskets.
The astonishing fertility of the country causes the choice alimentary60 produces to be brought to this "lakoni." There were quantities of the rice which returns a hundred per cent., of the maize, which, in three crops in eight months, produces two hundred per cent., the sesamum, the pepper of Ouroua, stronger than the Cayenne, allspice, tapioca, sorghum61, nutmegs, salt, and palm-oil.
Hundreds of goats were gathered there, hogs62, sheep without wool, evidently of Tartar origin, quantities of poultry63 and fish. Specimens64 of pottery65, very gracefully66 turned, attracted the eyes by their violent colors.
Various drinks, which the little natives cried about in a squeaking67 voice, enticed68 the unwary, in the form of plantain wine, "pombe," a liquor in great demand, "malofou," sweet beer, made from the fruit of the banana-tree and mead69, a limpid70 mixture of honey and water fermented71 with malt.
But what made the Kazounde market still more curious was the commerce in stuffs and ivory.
In the line of stuffs, one might count by thousands of "choukkas" or armfuls, the "Mericani" unbleached calico, come from Salem, in Massachusetts, the "kanaki," a blue gingham, thirty-four inches wide, the "sohari," a stuff in blue and white squares, with a red border, mixed with small blue stripes. It is cheaper than the "dioulis," a silk from Surat, with a green, red or yellow ground, which is worth from seventy to eighty dollars for a remnant of three yards when woven with gold.
As for ivory, it was brought from all parts of Central Africa, being destined for Khartoum, Zanzibar, or Natal72. A large number of merchants are employed solely73 in this branch of African commerce.
Imagine how many elephants are killed to furnish the five hundred thousand kilograms of ivory, which are annually74 exported to European markets, and principally to the English! The western coast of Africa alone produces one hundred and forty tons of this precious substance. The average weight is twenty-eight pounds for a pair of elephant's tusks75, which, in 1874, were valued as high as fifteen hundred francs; but there are some that weigh one hundred and seventy-five pounds, and at the Kazounde market, admirers would have found some admirable ones. They were of an opaque76 ivory, translucid, soft under the tool, and with a brown rind, preserving its whiteness and not growing yellow with time like the ivories of other provinces.
And, now, how are these various business affairs regulated between buyers and sellers? What is the current coin? As we have said, for the African traders this money is the slave.
The native pays in glass beads of Venetian manufacture, called "catchocolos," when they are of a lime white; "bouboulous," when they are black; "sikounderetches," when they are red. These beads or pearls, strung in ten rows or "khetes," going twice around the neck, make the "foundo," which is of great value. The usual measure of the beads is the "frasilah," which weighs seventy pounds. Livingstone, Cameron, and Stanley were always careful to be abundantly provided with this money.
In default of glass beads, the "pice," a Zanzibar piece, worth four centimes, and the "vroungouas," shells peculiar77 to the eastern coasts, are current in the markets of the African continent. As for the cannibal tribes, they attach a certain value to the teeth of the human jaw78, and at the "lakoni," these chaplets were to be seen on the necks of natives, who had no doubt eaten their producers; but these teeth were ceasing to be used as money.
Such, then, was the appearance of the great market. Toward the middle of the day the gaiety reached a climax79; the noise became deafening80. The fury of the neglected venders, and the anger of the overcharged customers, were beyond description. Thence frequent quarrels, and, as we know, few guardians81 of the peace to quell82 the fray83 in this howling crowd.
Toward the middle of the day, Alvez gave orders to bring the slaves, whom he wished to sell, to the square. The crowd was thus increased by two thousand unfortunate beings of all ages, whom the trader had kept in pens for several months. This "stock" was not in a bad condition. Long rest and sufficient food had improved these slaves so as to look to advantage at the "lakoni." As for the last arrivals, they could not stand any comparison with them, and, after a month in the pens, Alvez could certainly have sold them with more profit. The demands, however, from the eastern coast, were so great that he decided84 to expose and sell them as they were.
This was a misfortune for Tom and his three companions. The drivers pushed them into the crowd that invaded the "tchitoka." They were strongly chained, and their glances told what horror, what fury and shame overwhelmed them.
"Mr. Dick is not there," Bat said, after some time, during which he had searched the vast plain with his eyes.
"No," replied Acteon, "they will not put him up for sale."
"He will be killed, if he is not already," added the old black. "As for us, we have but one hope left, which is, that the same trader will buy us all. It would be a great consolation85 not to be separated."
"Ah! to know that you are far away from me, working like a slave, my poor, old father!" cried Bat, sobbing86 aloud.
"No," said Tom. "No; they will not separate us, and perhaps we might——"
"If Hercules were here!" cried Austin.
But the giant had not reappeared. Since the news sent to Dick Sand, they had heard no one mention either Hercules or Dingo. Should they envy him his fate? Why, yes; for if Hercules were dead, he was saved from the chains of slavery!
Meanwhile, the sale had commenced. Alvez's agents marched the various lots of men, women and children through the crowd, without caring if they separated mothers from their infants. May we not call these beings "unfortunates," who were treated only as domestic animals?
Tom and his companions were thus led from buyers to buyers. An agent walked before them naming the price adjudged to their lot. Arab or mongrel brokers, from the central provinces, came to examine them. They did not discover in them the traits peculiar to the African race, these traits being modified in America after the second generation. But these vigorous and intelligent negroes, so very different from the blacks brought from the banks of the Zambeze or the Loualaba, were all the more valuable. They felt them, turned them, and looked at their teeth. Horse-dealers thus examine the animals they wish to buy. Then they threw a stick to a distance, made them run and pick it up, and thus observed their gait.
This was the method employed for all, and all were submitted to these humiliating trials. Do not believe that these people are completely indifferent to this treatment! No, excepting the children, who cannot comprehend the state of degradation87 to which they are reduced, all, men or women, were ashamed.
Besides, they were not spared injuries and blows. Coimbra, half drunk, and Alvez's agents, treated them with extreme brutality88, and from their new masters, who had just paid for them in ivory stuffs and beads, they would receive no better treatment. Violently separated, a mother from her child, a husband from his wife, a brother from a sister, they were not allowed a last caress89 nor a last kiss, and on the "lakoni" they saw each other for the last time.
In fact, the demands of the trade exacted that the slaves should be sent in different directions, according to their sex. The traders who buy the men do not buy women. The latter, in virtue90 of polygamy, which is legal among the Mussulmans, are sent to the Arabic countries, where they are exchanged for ivory. The men, being destined to the hardest labor91, go to the factories of the two coasts, and are exported either to the Spanish colonies or to the markets of Muscat and Madagascar. This sorting leads to heart-breaking scenes between those whom the agents separate, and who will die without ever seeing each other again.
The four companions in turn submitted to the common fate. But, to tell the truth, they did not fear this event. It was better for them to be exported into a slave colony. There, at least, they might have a chance to protest. On the contrary, if sent to the interior, they might renounce92 all hope of ever regaining93 their liberty.
It happened as they wished. They even had the almost unhoped for consolation of not being separated. They were in brisk demand, being wanted by several traders. Alvez clapped his hands. The prices rose. It was strange to see these slaves of unknown value in the Kazounde market, and Alvez had taken good care to conceal94 where they came from. Tom and his friends, not speaking the language of the country, could not protest.
Their master was a rich Arab trader, who in a few days would send them to Lake Tanganyika, the great thoroughfare for slaves; then, from that point, toward the factories of Zanzibar.
Would they ever reach there, through the most unhealthy and the most dangerous countries of Central Africa? Fifteen hundred miles to march under these conditions, in the midst of frequent wars, raised and carried on between chiefs, in a murderous climate. Was old Tom strong enough to support such misery95? Would he not fall on the road like old Nan? But the poor men were not separated. The chain that held them all was lighter96 to carry. The Arab trader would evidently take care of merchandise which promised him a large profit in the Zanzibar market.
Tom, Bat, Acteon, and Austin then left the place. They saw and heard nothing of the scene which was to end the great "lakoni" of Kazounde.
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1
Portuguese
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| n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语 | |
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corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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novice
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| adj.新手的，生手的 | |
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wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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accomplices
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| 从犯，帮凶，同谋( accomplice的名词复数 ) | |
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succumbed
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| 不再抵抗（诱惑、疾病、攻击等）( succumb的过去式和过去分词 )； 屈从； 被压垮； 死 | |
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dungeon
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| n.地牢，土牢 | |
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condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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10
exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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avenged
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| v.为…复仇，报…之仇( avenge的过去式和过去分词 )；为…报复 | |
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torments
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| （肉体或精神上的）折磨，痛苦( torment的名词复数 )； 造成痛苦的事物[人] | |
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13
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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16
animation
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| n.活泼，兴奋，卡通片／动画片的制作 | |
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17
brokers
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| n.（股票、外币等）经纪人( broker的名词复数 )；中间人；代理商；（订合同的）中人v.做掮客（或中人等）( broker的第三人称单数 )；作为权力经纪人进行谈判；以中间人等身份安排… | |
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caravans
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| （可供居住的）拖车（通常由机动车拖行）( caravan的名词复数 )； 篷车； （穿过沙漠地带的）旅行队（如商队） | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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joints
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| 接头( joint的名词复数 )； 关节； 公共场所（尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所） （非正式）； 一块烤肉 （英式英语） | |
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bristling
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| a.竖立的 | |
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skewers
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| n.串肉扦( skewer的名词复数 )；烤肉扦；棒v.（用串肉扦或类似物）串起，刺穿( skewer的第三人称单数 ) | |
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tattooing
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| n.刺字，文身v.刺青，文身( tattoo的现在分词 )；连续有节奏地敲击；作连续有节奏的敲击 | |
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bead
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| n.念珠；(pl.)珠子项链；水珠 | |
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tapestry
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| n.挂毯，丰富多采的画面 | |
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edifices
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wigs
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| n.假发，法官帽( wig的名词复数 ) | |
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greasy
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| adj. 多脂的，油脂的 | |
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glossy
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| adj.平滑的；有光泽的 | |
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copper
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| n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的 | |
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maize
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| n.玉米 | |
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gourds
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| n.葫芦( gourd的名词复数 ) | |
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distended
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| v.（使）膨胀，肿胀( distend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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lobes
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| n.耳垂( lobe的名词复数 )；（器官的）叶；肺叶；脑叶 | |
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appendages
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| n.附属物( appendage的名词复数 )；依附的人；附属器官；附属肢体（如臂、腿、尾等） | |
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undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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bracelets
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| n.手镯，臂镯( bracelet的名词复数 ) | |
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profusion
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| n.挥霍；丰富 | |
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shrines
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| 圣地，圣坛，神圣场所( shrine的名词复数 ) | |
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fangs
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| n.（尤指狗和狼的）长而尖的牙( fang的名词复数 )；（蛇的）毒牙；罐座 | |
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incisions
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| n.切开，切口( incision的名词复数 ) | |
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49
stereotyped
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| adj.(指形象、思想、人物等)模式化的 | |
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engraved
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| v.在（硬物）上雕刻（字，画等）( engrave的过去式和过去分词 )；将某事物深深印在（记忆或头脑中） | |
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apron
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| n.围裙；工作裙 | |
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antelope
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| n.羚羊；羚羊皮 | |
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53
hips
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| abbr.high impact polystyrene 高冲击强度聚苯乙烯，耐冲性聚苯乙烯n.臀部( hip的名词复数 )；[建筑学]屋脊；臀围（尺寸）；臀部…的 | |
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54
embroidered
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| adj．绣花的 | |
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ornamented
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| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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strap
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| n.皮带，带子；v.用带扣住，束牢；用绷带包扎 | |
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unpacked
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| v.从（包裹等）中取出（所装的东西），打开行李取出( unpack的过去式和过去分词 )；拆包；解除…的负担；吐露（心事等） | |
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59
squat
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| v.蹲坐，蹲下；n.蹲下；adj.矮胖的，粗矮的 | |
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alimentary
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| adj.饮食的，营养的 | |
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sorghum
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| n.高粱属的植物，高粱糖浆，甜得发腻的东西 | |
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hogs
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| n.（尤指喂肥供食用的）猪( hog的名词复数 )；（供食用的）阉公猪；彻底地做某事；自私的或贪婪的人 | |
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poultry
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| n.家禽，禽肉 | |
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specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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pottery
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| n.陶器，陶器场 | |
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gracefully
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| ad.大大方方地；优美地 | |
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squeaking
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| v.短促地尖叫( squeak的现在分词 )；吱吱叫；告密；充当告密者 | |
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enticed
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| 诱惑，怂恿( entice的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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mead
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| n.蜂蜜酒 | |
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limpid
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| adj.清澈的，透明的 | |
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fermented
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| v.（使）发酵( ferment的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）激动；骚动；骚扰 | |
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natal
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| adj.出生的，先天的 | |
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solely
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| adv.仅仅，唯一地 | |
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annually
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| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
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tusks
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| n.（象等动物的）长牙( tusk的名词复数 )；獠牙；尖形物；尖头 | |
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opaque
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| adj.不透光的；不反光的，不传导的；晦涩的 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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jaw
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| n.颚，颌，说教，流言蜚语；v.喋喋不休，教训 | |
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climax
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| n.顶点；高潮；v.(使)达到顶点 | |
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deafening
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| adj. 振耳欲聋的, 极喧闹的 动词deafen的现在分词形式 | |
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guardians
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| 监护人( guardian的名词复数 )； 保护者，维护者 | |
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quell
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| v.压制，平息，减轻 | |
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fray
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| v.争吵；打斗；磨损，磨破；n.吵架；打斗 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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sobbing
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| <主方>Ⅰ adj.湿透的 | |
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degradation
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| n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变 | |
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brutality
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| n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮 | |
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caress
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| vt./n.爱抚，抚摸 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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renounce
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| v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系 | |
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regaining
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| 复得( regain的现在分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地 | |
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conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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