“You may doubt this. I should once have done so myself; but I have shared their lot; I have lived with them. For months and months I lived in one of the model lodging14-houses, p. 146established mainly by the efforts of Lord Shaftesbury. There is one in Fetter15 Lane, another in Hatton Garden; and, indeed, they are scattered16 all over London. I went there simply because I could not afford a better lodging. I have had to make seven shillings and ninepence halfpenny (three shillings of which I paid for my lodging) last me a whole week, and did it. It is astonishing how little you can live on when you divest17 yourself of all fancied needs. I had plenty of good wheaten bread to eat all the week, and the half of a herring for a relish18 (less will do if you can’t afford half, for it is a splendid fish), and good coffee to drink; and I know how much, or rather how little, roast shoulder-of-mutton you can get for twopence for your Sunday’s dinner. Don’t suppose I went there from choice; I went from stern necessity (and this was promotion19 too), and I went with strong shrinking, with a sense of suffering great humiliation20, regarding my being there as a thing to be kept carefully secret from all my old friends. In a word, I considered it only less degrading than spunging upon my friends, or borrowing what I saw no chance of ever being able to pay.
“Now, what did I see there? I found the workmen considerate for each other. I found that they would go out (those who were out of employment), day after day, and patiently trudge21 miles and miles seeking employment, returning, night after night, unsuccessful and dispirited. They would walk incredibly long distances to places where they heard of a job of work, and this not for a few days, but for very many days. And I have seen such a man sit down wearily by the fire (we had a common room for sitting, and cooking, and everything), with a hungry despondent22 look—he had not tasted food all day—and accosted23 by another scarcely less poor than himself, with—‘Here, mate, get this into thee,’ handing him, at the same time, a piece of bread and some cold meat, and afterwards some coffee; and adding, ‘Better luck to-morrow—keep up your pecker;’ and all this without any idea that they were practising the most splendid patience, fortitude, courage, and generosity I had ever seen. You would hear them talk of absent wife and children sometimes—there in a distant workhouse—trade was very bad then—with expressions of affection, and the hope of seeing them again, although the one was irreverently alluded24 to as my old woman, and the latter as the kids. I p. 147very soon got rid of miserable25 self-pity there, and came to reflect that Dr. Livingstone would probably be thankful for good wheaten bread; and if the bed was of flock and hay, and the sheets of cotton, that better men than I in the Crimea (the war was then going on) would think themselves very lucky to have as good; and then, too, I began to reflect, that when you come to think of it, such as these men were, so were the vast majority of the working classes; that the idle and the drunken we see about public-houses, are but a small minority of them made to appear more—because public-houses are all put in such places; that the great bulk are at home; for the man who has to be up at six in the morning can’t stay up at night; he is in bed early, and is as I found my fellow inmates26. * * * Well, it was impossible to indulge in self-pity in circumstances like these; and emulous of the genuine manhood all around me, I set to work again; for what might not be done with youth and health; and simply by preparing myself rather more thoroughly27 for my business than had previously28 been considered necessary, I was soon strong enough to live more in accordance with my previous life, and am now able to speak a true word for the genuine men I left behind, simply because my dear parents had given me greater advantages than these men had.” In this confession29 we see the secrets of Mr. Plimsoll’s ultimate success—the better education his parents had given him, and the courage infused into him by the example of men lower down in the social scale. Under these circumstances he again went to work, and the result was fame and fortune.
The great railway king, Mr. G. Hudson, was, for a time, a money-making M.P., who rose from the linendraper’s shop at York, to be the observed of all observers, the lion of the day, to whom, while his money lasted, the oldest and the proudest aristocracy in the world stood cap in hand. Alas30! however, he outlived his wealth. It took to itself wings, and flew away.
The mother of Joseph Hume, M.P., kept a small crockery shop at Montrose; and yet her son went out to India, made a large fortune, and came back to his native land to be a distinguished31 member of parliament, and a leader in political and economical reform.
Mr. I. Holden, when M.P. for the eastern division of the West Riding of Yorkshire, told a large meeting of the electors at Leeds about his earlier years. “I began life,” he said, p. 148“as an operative. I was a worker in a cotton-mill, and when I had worked fourteen hours a-day, I spent two in the evening school. I educated myself by that means till I was able to continue my education by assisting in the education of others; and I sometimes remember with intense emotion, entering, upon a stage-coach, the town of Leeds, unknown, and a perfect stranger, at twenty years of age, in order to be the mathematical master in one of the first schools then in Yorkshire, and almost one of the first in England. I spent many happy months in the town of Leeds.” When he began to take an interest in politics, he watched the course of the two great parties on the subject of Catholic emancipation32 and the emancipation of the slaves, and became a Liberal.
Edward Baines, who became M.P. for Leeds, and the proprietor33 of one of the most valuable newspaper properties in the kingdom, the Leeds Mercury, set off to make his fortune in 1793. His son writes:—“There was at that time no public conveyance34 on the direct route from Preston to Leeds, and the journey by coach, through Manchester, would have occupied two days. The frugal35 apprentice36, stout37 of heart and limb, performed the journey on foot, with his bundle on his arm. A friend accompanied him to Clithero; but he crossed the hill into Yorkshire with no companion but his staff, and all his worldly wealth in his pocket. Wayworn he entered the town of Leeds, and, finding the shop of Messrs. Binns and Brown, he inquired if they had room for an apprentice to finish his time. The stranger was carelessly referred to the foreman; and, as he entered the Mercury office, he internally resolved that, if he should obtain admission there, he would never leave it.” And he kept his word. A man does what he wills. To succeed in life—to be even a rich man or an M.P.—is mainly the result of the effort of the indomitable will of a resolute38 and persevering39 man.
Mr. Baines succeeded because his maxim40 was, that what was worth doing, was worth doing well. “He laid the foundations of future success,” writes his son, “as a master, in the thorough knowledge and performance of the duties of a workman. Whilst still receiving weekly wages, he practised a prudent41 economy. He was anxious to improve his condition, and he took the only effectual means to do it by saving as much as he could of the fruits of his industry. His tastes were simple, his habits strictly42 temperate43, and his companionships p. 149virtuous. Always maintaining respectability of appearance, he was superior to personal display. He lodged45 with a worthy46 family; but on a scale of expense suited to his circumstances.” An early marriage seems to have increased his business energy. “At five o’clock in the morning, and, when occasion required, at four or three, was the young printer out of bed; and whatever neighbour rose early was sure to find him in his office. He was above no kind of work that belonged to his trade. He not only directed others, but worked himself at case and press. He kept his own books, and they still remain to attest47 the regularity48 and neatness with which he kept them, though he had no training in that department. Not a penny went or came but had its record, either in his office or his domestic account-books. In consequence, he always knew the exact position of his affairs. His customers and friends steadily49 increased; for it was found that he was to be depended upon for whatever he undertook. With a spirit that stooped to no meanness, but with a nature that cheerfully yielded all respect and courtesy; with a temper as steady as it was sanguine50 and happy; with constant prudence51 and unfailing attention to duty, he won the confidence of every one that knew him. His punctuality and method were exemplary; he conducted his business, in all respects, in the best way. He not only took any employment for his press, however humble52, that came, but he devised and suggested publications, and joined others in executing them. But,” adds the son, “it was necessary that energy in business should be seconded by economy at home. He began by laying down the rule that he would not spend more than half his income; and he acted upon it. Great was his resolution, and many the contrivances to carry out his purpose; but husband and wife being of the same mind, assiduous and equally prudent, the thing was done. For some time they kept but one servant. A main secret of his frugality53 was, that he created no artificial wants. He always drank water. He never smoked, justly thinking it a waste of time and money to gratify a taste which does not exist naturally, but has to be formed. He took no snuff. Neither tavern54 nor theatre saw his face. The circle of his visiting acquaintance was small and select. Yet he was not an earth-worm. He took an active part in the Benevolent55 or Strangers’ Friend Society, and was a man of public spirit. The pure joys of domestic p. 150life, the pleasures of industry, and the satisfaction of doing good, combined to make him as happy as he was useful.”
Thus it will be seen that the foundation of Mr. Baines’s success in life, and of his eminent56 usefulness, was laid in those homely57 virtues58 which are too often despised by the young and ardent59, but which are of incomparably greater value than the most shining qualities—in integrity, industry, perseverance60, prudence, frugality, temperance, self-denial, and courtesy. The young man who would use his harvest must plough with his heifer.
If there is a passage in all his life of which his descendants are and ought to be most proud, it is that lowly commencement, when virtuous44 habits were formed; when the temptations of youth were resisted; when life-long friendships were won; when domestic life began in love, and piety61, and prudence; when a venerable neighbour, Mr. Abraham Dickinson, used to remark, “Those young people are sure to get on, they are so industrious;” and when the same good man said to a young friend at his elbow—“C—, thou seest an example in thy neighbour Edward.”
“All’s well that ends well,” says the proverb. It is true; yet it is also of immense importance to begin well. Mr. Baines, some years since, was watching an apprentice, whose habits were not steady, fold up a newspaper. At the first fold there was a wrinkle, and at every succeeding fold the wrinkle grew worse, and more unmanageable. Mr. Baines said significantly to the lad—“Jim, its a bad thing to begin wrongly.” The poor fellow found it so; for he soon fell a victim to his vices62. His master had begun right, and every succeeding fold in life was easy and straight. The lesson is worth remembering.
One of the most remarkable63 careers was that of Mr. Lindsay, M.P., who was a native of Ayre, in Scotland, where he was born in 1816, and left an orphan64 at six. When only fifteen years of age he commenced his career, leaving home with three shillings and sixpence in his pocket, to push his way as a sea-boy. He worked his way to Liverpool by trimming coals in the coal-hole of a steamer. Arrived in that great commercial emporium, he found himself friendless and destitute65, and seven long weeks passed before he was able to find employment, four of which were spent in such utter destitution66 that he was reduced to the necessity of sleeping in the streets and sheds of Liverpool, often eating nothing but what he begged for. At length he was fortunate enough to be engaged in the Isabella, a West Indiaman; and such were the hardships to which the cabin-boy of that day was subjected, that, at times, it might almost be questioned whether the change was for the better. But William Lindsay was not a lad to be discouraged by hardships. Pressing steadily onward67, in 1834, three years after he had first joined the ship in the humblest capacity, he was appointed to the position of second mate; but even when fortune had begun to smile upon him, her face was not altogether unclouded; for in the same year he was shipwrecked, and had both legs and one arm broken. The following year he was promoted to be chief mate; and in 1836, in his nineteenth year, he was appointed to the command of the Olive Branch, which seems, however, so to have belied68 her name, that, being in the Persian Gulf69 in 1839, in a hostile encounter, her commander was cut down by a sabre-stroke across the breast, he at the same time killing70 his assailant by a pistol-shot. p. 152The following year Mr. Lindsay retired71 from the sea, and, in 1841, was appointed agent for the Castle-Eden Coal Company. He was mainly instrumental in getting Hartlepool made an independent port, and rendered material assistance in the establishment of its docks and wharves72. In 1845, he removed to London, and laid the foundation of that extensive business which now entitles him to recognition as one of the “merchant princes” of the metropolis73. Nor, amid all the bustle74 and occupation of a busy life, did Mr. Lindsay lose sight of his mental improvement. Devoting his spare evening hours, which thousands waste in idleness or dissipation, to self-instruction, he speedily overcame the defects of his early education, and stored his mind with a variety of sound information, which has been of essential service to him in his subsequent career. In proof how profitably he employed these hours of study, it may be stated that he has published various pamphlets and letters on questions connected with the shipping75 interest, in which he himself holds so large a stake; as well as a more important work, entitled “Our Navigation and Mercantile Marine76 Laws.” No sooner was his position as one of the largest shipowners and shipbrokers in the kingdom achieved, than he resolved to get into parliament. He contested Monmouth in April, and Dartmouth in July, 1852, in both of which he was beaten by aristocratic influence, and the unsparing use of other means of corruption78. Undaunted by these defeats, and determined79 to succeed at last, even if twenty times defeated, and to succeed, too, by purity and principle alone, he became a candidate for Tynemouth in March, 1854, and, after a severe struggle, was elected by a narrow majority of seventeen. In 1857, he was again elected without opposition80. When engaged in the contest at Dartmouth, Mr. Lindsay gave the electors an account of his career and his commercial position, which shows, in a striking light, the magnitude of the operations of a large mercantile establishment. He then, it appeared, owned twenty-two large first-class ships; and, as an underwriter, he had, in his individual capacity, during the past year, insured risks to the amount of £2,800,000. In the conduct of their extensive export trade, the firm of W. S. Lindsay and Co., of Austin Friars, ship and insurance brokers77, of which he is the head, had, during the same year, chartered 700 ships to all parts of the world, but principally p. 153in India and the Mediterranean81, and, as contractors82, had shipped 100,000 tons of coals, and 150,000 tons of iron; whilst, as brokers, during the year of famine, their operations extended to 1,000,000 quarters of grain. Mr. Lindsay took part in the formation of the Administrative83 Reform Association; and being present at the initiatory84 meeting at the London Tavern, proposed one of the resolutions in an amusing speech, in which he detailed85 his experiences connected with the subject, both at home and abroad. In the hot debates, occasioned by neglect and maladministration, on the Crimean war, he became quite a man of mark in the House of Commons. And after his retirement86 from parliament, he published a valuable and expensive book on the “History of Shipping and British Commerce.”
In connection with this subject must also be mentioned the respected name of Mr. Brotherton, who used often to tell the House of the time when he himself had been a poor factory lad, but who died wealthy and universally lamented87.
Sir Samuel Morton Peto, the constructor of many of the greatest engineering works in the country, and who for many years represented Norwich in parliament, worked for seven years as a bricklayer, carpenter, and mason, under his uncle, Mr. Henry Peto.
Sir Francis Crossley, M.P., also was born in very humble circumstances, and acquired the enormous wealth of which he became possessed88 by his own energy and enterprise. Halifax, which he represented in parliament, and where his manufactory was situated89, bore witness to his liberality.
Another M.P. who sprung from the ranks was Mr. Joseph Cowen, who represented—as his son still represents—Newcastle-on-Tyne. Such was his integrity, and patriotism90, and perseverance, that no man was more respected in parliament or out. Crowned with grey hairs, his tall, muscular frame, and big head, denoted a more than average amount of physical and mental strength. As a member of parliament, he was noted91 for the regularity of his attendance. In this respect he was unrivalled.
I have already written that the late Mr. Herbert Ingram, M.P., blacked the shoes of one of his constituents92. He was born at Boston, in Lincolnshire, and was then apprenticed93 to one of his constituents. After completing the terms of his indenture94, Mr. Ingram moved to Nottingham, where he carried p. 154on business as printer, bookseller, and news-agent. Whilst a newsvendor, he displayed, in a remarkable degree, that industry and perseverance for which he became distinguished in after-life. Two instances of his extraordinary attention to business may be cited. There was, amongst his customers, a gentleman who wanted his news very early, and Mr. Ingram, anxious that the gentleman should not be disappointed, walked five miles, and of course five miles back, to serve a single customer. On one occasion he got up at five in the morning, and travelled to London to get some copies of a paper because there was no post to bring them, and being determined that his customers should have the news. His industry had its reward, for he sold above 1,000 copies of that paper in Nottingham; and it was from his experience as a newsvendor, and in the sale of metropolitan96 prints, that he thought of the speculation97 which was destined98 to make his fortune. He used to notice that a very bad wood-cut in an old number of a newspaper would make it sell; and it occurred to him, that if he had a number of good engravings, and put them in a paper, they would be likely to make it sell. Accordingly, in May, 1842, an experiment was resolved on, and the first number of the Illustrated99 News made its appearance. His success was immense; but he had learned the secret of it from his experience in the humble and laborious100 calling of a newspaper vendor95. Indeed, the very title of the new journal was suggested by the fact that the most illiterate101 of his customers had been in the habit of coming to ask him for the London news: they did not care what he sold them so long as he gave them the London news; and he wisely came to the conclusion, as that name suited the poorest class, it would suit all classes; and thus his sagacity reaped a rich reward, and he became a famous as well as a wealthy man. It is thus the House of Commons has become enriched by the brains of some of the most successful money-makers of their time.
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premier
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| adj.首要的；n.总理，首相 | |
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seamen
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| n.海员 | |
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trumpet
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| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
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legislate
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| vt.制定法律；n.法规，律例；立法 | |
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disparage
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| v.贬抑，轻蔑 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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unreasonable
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| adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的 | |
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smother
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| vt./vi.使窒息；抑制；闷死；n.浓烟；窒息 | |
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manliness
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| 刚毅 | |
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woes
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| 困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉 | |
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downwards
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| adj./adv.向下的（地），下行的（地） | |
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fortitude
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| n.坚忍不拔；刚毅 | |
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lodging
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| n.寄宿，住所；(大学生的)校外宿舍 | |
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fetter
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| n./vt.脚镣，束缚 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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divest
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relish
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| n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味 | |
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promotion
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| n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传 | |
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humiliation
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| n.羞辱 | |
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trudge
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| v.步履艰难地走；n.跋涉，费力艰难的步行 | |
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despondent
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accosted
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| v.走过去跟…讲话( accost的过去式和过去分词 )；跟…搭讪；（乞丐等）上前向…乞讨；（妓女等）勾搭 | |
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alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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inmates
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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confession
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alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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emancipation
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| n.（从束缚、支配下）解放 | |
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proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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conveyance
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| n.(不动产等的)转让，让与；转让证书；传送；运送；表达；（正）运输工具 | |
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frugal
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| adj.节俭的，节约的，少量的，微量的 | |
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apprentice
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| n.学徒，徒弟 | |
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resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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persevering
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| a.坚忍不拔的 | |
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maxim
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| n.格言，箴言 | |
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prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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temperate
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| adj.温和的，温带的，自我克制的，不过分的 | |
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virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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lodged
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| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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attest
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| vt.证明，证实；表明 | |
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regularity
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| n.规律性，规则性；匀称，整齐 | |
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steadily
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| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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sanguine
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| adj.充满希望的，乐观的，血红色的 | |
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prudence
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| n.谨慎，精明，节俭 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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frugality
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| n.节约，节俭 | |
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tavern
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| n.小旅馆，客栈；小酒店 | |
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benevolent
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| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
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eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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homely
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| adj.家常的，简朴的；不漂亮的 | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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perseverance
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| n.坚持不懈，不屈不挠 | |
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piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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orphan
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| n.孤儿；adj.无父母的 | |
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destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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destitution
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| n.穷困，缺乏，贫穷 | |
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onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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belied
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| v.掩饰( belie的过去式和过去分词 )；证明（或显示）…为虚假；辜负；就…扯谎 | |
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gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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wharves
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| n.码头，停泊处( wharf的名词复数 ) | |
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metropolis
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| n.首府；大城市 | |
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bustle
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| v.喧扰地忙乱，匆忙，奔忙；n.忙碌；喧闹 | |
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shipping
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| n.船运（发货，运输，乘船） | |
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marine
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| adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵 | |
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brokers
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| n.（股票、外币等）经纪人( broker的名词复数 )；中间人；代理商；（订合同的）中人v.做掮客（或中人等）( broker的第三人称单数 )；作为权力经纪人进行谈判；以中间人等身份安排… | |
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corruption
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| n.腐败，堕落，贪污 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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Mediterranean
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| adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的 | |
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contractors
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| n.（建筑、监造中的）承包人( contractor的名词复数 ) | |
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administrative
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| adj.行政的，管理的 | |
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initiatory
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| adj.开始的；创始的；入会的；入社的 | |
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detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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retirement
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| n.退休，退职 | |
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lamented
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| adj.被哀悼的，令人遗憾的v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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patriotism
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| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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constituents
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| n.选民( constituent的名词复数 )；成分；构成部分；要素 | |
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apprenticed
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| 学徒，徒弟( apprentice的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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indenture
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| n.契约；合同 | |
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vendor
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| n.卖主；小贩 | |
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metropolitan
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| adj.大城市的，大都会的 | |
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speculation
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| n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机 | |
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destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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illustrated
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| adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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laborious
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| adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅 | |
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illiterate
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| adj.文盲的；无知的；n.文盲 | |
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