Our officers had been sent thirty miles inland, so that we had lost the natural exactors of discipline among seamen3. To remedy this deficiency, our first step was to adopt a set of regulations in respect to order, cleanliness, &c., and to appoint certain of our number to enforce them.
We experienced some unpleasantness, at first, from the insolence4 of some of the sergeants5 commanding the prison guard. Most of these petty officers were very friendly and kind, but two or three of them manifested a surly, tyrannical temper, annoying us in many little things, enough to embitter7 our enjoyment8, while they were on duty. This petty despotism we soon cured, by returning their abuse in a rather provoking kind of coin. We used to plague them by causing a long delay when the hour arrived for them to be relieved. They were required to muster9 us every morning, that we might be counted before the new guard took us in charge. On those occasions some would purposely absent themselves; others were sent to find the absentees; these, in their turn, would hide themselves, and require to be sought by others. This was excessively vexatious to the soldiers, and as it occurred only when a tyrannical sergeant6 was on guard, they soon understood its meaning. The plan was successful, and we thus got rid of one source of discomfort10.
Our next difficulty was with the old Dutchman, named Badiem, who furnished our prison with provisions. He had already learned the difficulty of cheating a Yankee; for the Americans who were carried away in the Denmark had been in this same prison, and had taught the old man that they were rougher customers than the Frenchmen who had preceded them. We gave him another lesson.
He undertook to wrong us and benefit himself by furnishing a very inferior article of bread. After counselling among ourselves, we took the following plan to bring him to his senses:
We were visited every day by a superior officer, called the officer of the day. He was a kind old man, who had seen service in the war of the revolution, and was at the battle of Bunker Hill. He had a profound respect for the American character, and could not speak of that great action without tears. One day a friendly sergeant being on duty, we gave him a piece of the old Dutchman’s bread, complaining bitterly of its quality. When the old officer came round as usual, on a fine, dashing charger, and asked his customary question of “All right?” our friend the sergeant replied, “No, sir!”
“What is the matter?” asked the venerable old gentleman.
“The prisoners complain of their bread, sir,” said the sergeant.
“Let me see it,” answered the general. The sergeant gave him a small piece. He examined it, wrapped it up carefully in some paper, clapped the spurs to his horse, and rode off. The next day, we had better bread than ever before, and an order came for a man from each room to go with the sentry14 to the town every morning, to examine our daily provision; and, if not what it should be, to reject it. This completely upset the golden visions of the old Dutchman. With much choler he exclaimed, “I had rather have one tousand Frenchmen, than one hundred Yankees.”
We could not now complain of our fare. We had an abundance of beef and mutton, beside a full allowance of bread, &c. The beef, to be sure, was poor, lean stuff, but the mutton was excellent. The sheep at the Cape15 have a peculiarity16, which may cause the reader to smile. They have enormously large, flat tails, weighing from twelve to twenty pounds. These are regularly sold by the pound for purposes of cookery. Should any one treat this statement as a forecastle yarn18, I refer him to the descriptions of these sheep, given by travellers and naturalists19.
Besides our prison allowance, we had opportunity to purchase as many little luxuries and niceties as our slender finances would permit. These were furnished by a slave, who was the property of the old Dutchman, and who was so far a favorite as to be indulged with two wives, and the privilege of selling sundry20 small articles to the prisoners. This sable21 polygamist furnished us with coffee, made from burnt barley22, for a doublegee (an English penny) per pint23; the same sum would purchase a sausage, a piece of fish, or a glass of rum. On equally reasonable terms, he furnished us with blackberries, oranges, &c. Our men, who, by the way had eaten fruit in every quarter of the globe, and were therefore competent judges, pronounced the latter the best in the world. The berries afforded me a rich treat at Christmas.
To obtain means for the purchase of these dainties, our men braided hats, wrought24 at mechanical employments, or at such pursuits as their respective tastes and capacities suggested. These occupations served to beguile25 our confinement26 of much of its tediousness.
Still, we had many vacant, listless hours. To fill them, we resorted to the demoralizing practice of gambling27. A game with balls, called shake-bag, loo, venture, all-fours, &c. occupied our evening hours, and sometimes the whole night. It was not uncommon28 for the game to be protracted29 beyond the midnight hour of Saturday, into the sacred moments of the holy Sabbath. On one of these guilty mornings, some of us, on retiring to a shed, found the dead body of a black slave, hanging by the rope, with which, in a moment of unpardonable despair, he had committed the horrid30 crime of suicide. The hour, the scene, the place, our recent guilty profanation31 of God’s holy day, conspired32 to fill many of us with profound dread33. In my own mind it led to a few transient purposes of amendment34. Alas35! when the bright sun arose, these purposes had vanished. The influence of vice11 triumphed. I grew more and more hardened in wickedness.
Cape Town contained a large slave population. These poor wretches36 had been extremely degraded under the rule of the Dutch. It was said that their condition had been essentially37 improved since the conquest of the place by the English. Still, as the suicide just mentioned demonstrated, slavery was a bitter draught38. The British have done wisely since then in granting freedom to the slaves in all their colonies. May the whole world imitate the noble example!
We were subjected to frequent and violent gales39 of wind while here. The approach of these storms was always faithfully proclaimed by the mountain that towered up behind us; a large white cloud, resting on its summit, like a tablecloth41, was a certain indication of the elemental warfare42. Whenever this phenomenon appeared, our men used to remark, “Look out for a blow, the cloth is beginning to spread.” Very soon the vessels43 in the bay could be seen striking their top-gallant masts and yards, and sometimes even housing their top-masts. In a few minutes the ocean would give signs of the coming commotion44; the waves became crested45 with clouds of foam46, and the spirit of the storm was seen careering in triumph over the liquid mountains of the angry deep.
Besides Table mountain, there was another near it, called the Lion’s Rump, from its similarity to that noble animal in a sitting posture47. On the summit of this mountain was a telegraph, which informed us, in common with the people of the Cape, of the approach of shipping48 to the harbor.
At the town, the British had a hospital for the accommodation of their army and navy. The advantages of this institution were humanely49 and properly offered to us, whenever we were sick. Happening to be quite unwell one day, my shipmates advised me to go thither50. Now, on board the Siren, when in a similar state, the surgeon had administered an ounce of Glauber salts. The dose caused such nausea51, that from that time I held salts in profound abhorrence52. When the hospital was suggested to me, I associated it with the idea of salts, and, shuddering53, remarked that “I would go if I thought they would not give me salts.” My shipmates all said they thought I should not have salts prescribed: so, under the guard of a sentry, I sallied forth54 to the hospital. “Well, my boy,” said the doctor, “what’s the matter with you?”
With many wry55 faces, I told him my symptoms; when, to my inconceivable mortification56 and disgust, he spoke57 to a sort of lob-lolly boy, who waited upon him, and said, “Doctor Jack58! bring this boy six ounces of salts.”
This was intolerable. One ounce had sickened me for months at the bare mention of salts, and now I was to swallow six! It seemed impossible. The remedy was worse than the disease. I wished myself back at my quarters. This was, however, in vain, unless I took a dangerous leap from the window. I must submit. The salts were brought, but they were not so bad, either in quality or quantity, as my dose in the Siren. The reason I found to consist in the fact, that they were Epsom instead of Glauber, and that the six ounces included the weight of the water in which they were dissolved. So well was I pleased with my visit to the hospital, and especially with the privilege afforded me of walking about the streets of Cape Town, that I afterwards feigned59 illness to gain another admission. I was willing to take the salts for the sake of the liberty of jaunting about the streets. Of the sin of lying I thought nothing. I was a sailor, caring little for aught but present gratification. The beauty of truth I had never seen; the hatefulness of a lie I had never learned. Most gratefully do I acknowledge that Divine goodness, which has since effectually taught me both the one and the other.
At Cape Town there was a small prison, called the “Trunk.” To this place those of our number, who were disorderly, were sent, to be closely confined, on no other diet than bread and water, for as many days as the commandant might designate. We always quietly permitted any offender60 among us to be sent thither without resistance: but when, on one occasion, an attempt was made to confine two of our shipmates unjustly, we gave them a demonstration61, which saved us afterwards from any similar attempt.
Two of our men had hung out some clothes, they had just washed, in our yard, near their own shed. Now, it happened that the doctor to the military stationed at the Cape, had an entrance to his office through our yard. The clothes were undesignedly hung across his path, compelling him either to stoop a little in passing, or to ask their removal. He was too proud to adopt either of these peaceful methods, but, with manifest spitefulness, he took out his knife and cut the line, so that the clothes fell into the dirt. The owners, seeing their wet clothing in this condition, broke out into passionate62 inquiries63 after the offender. “It was the English doctor,” replied one of our shipmates, who had witnessed the whole affair. This brought forth a volley of sailors’ oaths from the offended parties. The enraged64 doctor overheard their wrathful ebullitions, and, without further ceremony, ordered the two men to be carried to the “Trunk.”
Here, then, was a manifest case of injustice66. We resolved not to submit to it, let the consequences be what they might. When the sergeant came in for the doctor’s victims, we all turned out in a body, declaring we would all go to the “Trunk” together. The sergeant, seeing us in this state of rebellion, called out the whole guard, and ordered them to load and fire upon us. We were not however so easily scared. We shouted, “Fire away! You will have but one fire, and then it will be our turn.” At the same time we picked up all the broken glass, sticks, stones, &c., which were within our reach, and stood waiting for their firing as the signal for a general mêlée. The sergeant, seeing our resolution, and wisely considering that our superiority in numbers, might secure us a victory over the handful composing his guard, ordered the soldiers to retire. We never heard any more of the little doctor’s indignation: it probably evaporated, like the moisture from the clothes his petty indignation had thrown to the ground. How insignificant67 such acts appear, in men professing68 to be gentlemen!
Shortly after this event, we were thrown into confusion and temporary excitement, by the approach of a large party to our prison, at midnight, attended by a band of music. We turned out and rushed to the gate of our yard. The guard turned out likewise, trembling under the impression that our countrymen had captured the town and were coming to give us our liberty. Their fears and our wonder were quieted, however, by a speedy discovery of the true character of this midnight party. It was a Dutch wedding, coming to the house of the old Dutchman, our caterer69; the entrance to which being in our yard, the party had to pass directly through our territories; which they did, their band playing the tune70 of “A free and accepted Mason.”
Notwithstanding we were in tolerably comfortable circumstances, our confinement soon became exceedingly irksome. We pined for freedom; we longed to get once more where the “old gridiron” floated in fearless triumph. A report of the burning of Washington by the British added not a little to our desire. We began to talk of home. This led to other suggestions; these to the formation of plans for our escape. We at length concerted a measure, which was, to break from the prison in the night, disarm71 and confine the guard, help ourselves to boats, and cut out some large ship, in which we might make our escape to America. The success of this plot, however, was never tested; for, reaching the ears of the commander, the guards were strengthened; the light dragoons ordered out to patrol the harbor; and such other preventive measures adopted, as cut off all hope of forcible escape. Our only remedy for this disappointment, was submission72, and boasting of what we would have done, had we got into the strife73 for liberty.
As the period of our imprisonment74 drew towards a close, we were informed that the Rev12. George Thom, a missionary75, was desirous to come and preach to us. Some of our men objected, because, they said, he would preach about his king, and they had no desire to hear anything about kings. Others said, “Let him come; we will hear him with attention, and if we don’t like him we can afterwards stay away. At any rate, don’t let us abuse him; but rather show him that Americans know what is good behavior.”
This reply shows the true spirit of the mass of seamen in respect to religion; for though they care little about personal piety76, they will not, usually, unless intoxicated77, insult a minister. This was once shown in the experience of the eccentric Rowland Hill; when a mob threatened the old gentleman with mischief78, some sailors present rallied round him, threatening vengeance79 on any who dared to insult the preacher.
Accordingly, we sent our respects to Mr. Thom, inviting80 him to favor us with a visit. We then cleaned and fitted up one room with benches. The following Sabbath he came. His preaching was earnest, simple and interesting. Instead of discoursing81 about kings, as some had predicted, the only king about whom he preached, was the King of heaven. We invited him to come again. He accepted the invitation, and our meetings soon began to be profitable and interesting. We had singing, for several of our men were tolerable singers, and they were aided by the presence of some pious82 soldiers from the garrison83, and occasionally by Mrs. Thom, the amiable84 lady of our excellent preacher. Our officers, too, frequently came from their residence, and were pleased to see the good order and happiness apparent on these occasions. I assure my readers, that the most delightful85 moments of our imprisonment were those we spent in singing some sweet hymn86, in the good old-fashioned tunes87 of Bridgewater, Russia, Wells, &c.
Among the texts used by Mr. Thom, I remember the following: “Turn ye to the strong-hold, ye prisoners of hope;” Zech. ix. 12. “Behold88, I stand at the door and knock,” &c.; Rev. iii. 20. “And yet there is room;” Luke xiv. 22. It was really pleasing to hear the various remarks made by our men, after listening to faithful discourses89 from these and similar texts. One would remark, “He hit me a clew.” To this another would reply, “He shot away my colors.” A third would add, “He shot away my rigging;” while a fourth would say, “He gave me a shot;” and a fifth, “He gave me a broadside.” Thus, in their rough way, did they express the impressions made on their minds by the discourse90.
Mr. Thom was a faithful servant of his Master, the Lord Jesus Christ. He did not rest satisfied with these public efforts, but, during the week, he visited us for the purpose of serious conversation. Several of us were really under strong conviction, and would confess, at these inquiry91 meetings, and to each other as we paced the yard, how often we had sinned, even cursing our Maker92 when on the yard at night, amid the roaring of the storm, the bellowing93 of the thunder, and the angry flashing of the lightning. A happy practical effect followed. Gambling ceased, cards and shake-bag lost their charms. The time was spent in reading useful books. Bibles and religious books were given or loaned to us. Among these were Baxter’s Call, Doddridge’s Rise and Progress of Religion, &c. To some extent we were altered men. Had we remained much longer under these gracious influences, most of us, I think, would have become experimental Christians94. As it was, the seed was not wholly wasted. Impressions were made, which, no doubt, have, in many cases, yielded rich fruit long before this.
My own mind was strongly wrought upon. A singular dream added to my seriousness. In my dream, I saw myself drowning, while a fierce-looking soldier was pointing his loaded musket95 at my head. Thus death threatened me from two sources. In this extremity96 my anguish97 was very great. All my gracious opportunities passed before me, but now it seemed too late for salvation98. “Oh,” thought I in my sleep, “what would I give, if this were only a dream! How faithfully would I serve the Lord when I awoke.” Just at that moment I did awake, scarcely able to convince myself that the ideal scene was not an awful reality. That day I eagerly sought the missionary, and sat with serious delight listening to his instructions. Still I did not give myself up to the service of Christ. So difficult was it for me to make the requisite99 sacrifice of my beloved sins.
Just at this interesting crisis, a glad report of peace between England and America reached our prison. With joyful100 faces we assembled round the good man, when he came that day, to inquire if it was really so. While he assured us of its truth, he mildly asked “if it was peace with Heaven;” assuring us that it was a matter of the greatest importance for us to be at peace with God.
As a memento101 of our esteem102 for Mr. Thom, we made him several little presents. One of them was a hat made from a bullock’s horn. The horn was peeled into narrow slips, these were scraped, split, and braided like straw, and then sewed together. We also made him a model of a ship, fully13 rigged from stem to stern. The missionary received these marks of our regard with evident pleasure; and, no doubt, when looking upon them afterwards, offered many a prayer for the salvation of the prisoners, who were, for many weeks, the subjects of his anxiety and labors103. Blessings104 rest on him, if he yet lives! Peace to his ashes, if he slumbers105 among the dead!
Great was the joy of my companions, when the news reached us that we were to embark106 shortly, in the Cumberland, seventy-four, for England. Little was now said or done, except what related to our departure. With strange, yet common perversity107 of conduct, serious matters were laid aside for the one absorbing thought, “We shall soon be free!” Thus, an event which should have given birth to gratitude108 and religious service, only served for an occasion of further neglect and unthankfulness. How strangely wicked is the human heart!
For myself, the tidings filled me with fear. Directly to America I would have gladly gone; but to be carried to England, in one of her ships of war, was like going to certain death. How was it possible for me to escape detection? How could I avoid meeting with some old Macedonians, who would, of course, recognise and betray me? These questions had resolved me to volunteer to remain at the Cape, a short time before, when some of our number were sent to England. Now, they tortured me beyond endurance. I felt like an escaped criminal with the officers of justice at his heels. Death at the yard-arm haunted me day and night, like the fancied ghost of a murdered man, staring ghastly at the window of his murderer. No one can imagine my uneasiness, unless he has been placed in a similar situation. I made many promises to God that if he would carry me in safety to America, I would cease to be a swearer, and would most punctually attend his house every Sabbath. These things constituted my highest ideas of human duty at that time; but even these promises, like those made during the heat of the battle in the Macedonian, were made to be broken.
After a little delay, we were conveyed on board the Cumberland, where we soon heard the well-known summons of “All hands up anchor, ahoy!” A cloud of canvas dropped from her gigantic yards; the sportive breeze came obedient to our wish; and the huge form of the Cumberland, accompanied by a large convoy109 of merchant vessels, was borne rapidly along upon the yielding waves. Cape Town, Table Mountain, the Lion’s Rump, and our prison-yard, were soon left far behind, leaving no traces of their existence on the distant horizon; they were to be known to us hereafter only among the images of the brain—as recollections, not as realities. We had spent eight months in the prison of Cape Town.
Our treatment in this ship was superior to what we received in the Medway. Instead of the cable tier, we had berths on the upper gun deck, and our allowance of food was sufficient for our wants.
Arriving at St. Helena, we remained a few days in port. This rough, rock-bound island had not yet received its future prisoner, the emperor of France. Here we were removed from the Cumberland. Twenty-four of us were sent on board the Grampus, of fifty guns, the rest were sent home in our old conqueror111, the Medway; my lot being cast among the former.
This transfer to the Grampus greatly alarmed me; since the more men I saw, the greater, of course, was my chance of detection. I had already escaped being known on board of two seventy-fours; but I could not promise myself the same impunity112 much longer. However, as I saw no one whose face was familiar, when I went on board, I felt a little more easy. But that night, I had occasion for great trepidation113 and alarm. About nine o’clock, I heard the order from an officer, of “Pass the word for the boy Leech114.” This was followed by several voices hallooing, “Boy Leech! boy Leech!” My heart beat like a trip-hammer against my bosom115, and a cold sweat crept over my whole body. My shipmates said they meant me; but I would not reply. After a few moments, I breathed more freely, and the fear of death passed away. I heard some one saying, “Your master wants you;” which convinced me that there was a “boy Leech” among the crew of the Grampus, as well as another boy Leech among the American prisoners.
On our passage, we made a strange sail. Coming up to her, to our infinite satisfaction we beheld116 the stars and stripes at her mast-head. “Brother Jonathan has come to town,” said one of our men. “He is a most welcome visitor,” the rest replied; for indeed “the old gridiron” never looked so pleasant as it did then. This meeting confirmed us in the report of peace between the two nations. This was as gratifying to the crew of the Grampus as to us; for they had recently heard that the war with France was ended, and they were all hoping to get discharged. This expectation was defeated, however, by intelligence from some passing ship, that Napoleon was at Paris again, with a force of sixty thousand men.
Nothing could exceed the joy of the officers, and the vexation of the crew, at this piece of information. The former dreaded117 a peace, because it would place many of them on half-pay; while the chances of war inspired them with hopes of promotion118; hence they ran alongside almost every ship in the fleet, shouting, “Have you heard the news? Bonaparte has got to Paris with sixty thousand men!” Really, some of them seemed crazy with joy at the idea of protracted war. Not so, however, the seamen; they longed for peace, since war only brought them hard usage, wounds and death. While, therefore, the officers were rejoicing, they were muttering curses and oaths, wishing Bonaparte and his army at perdition. Nor was it strange that they felt thus; for the discipline on board the Grampus was excessively severe. They were constantly flogging in the most harsh and cruel manner. The Sirens were astonished at what they saw; for on board our brig, we seldom saw more than a dozen lashes119 inflicted120 at one time, and that not very often.
At last we came in sight of the white cliffs of old England. To avoid suspicion, I appeared much interested in everything I saw on the coast, and asked the men all those questions which are natural to a stranger, when he sees a new country for the first time. These inquiries they answered with the utmost good humor; for an Englishman is proud of his country, notwithstanding he may find hard usage from her hands.
My American friends have frequently asked if my language did not excite suspicion that I was English. It never did to my knowledge; indeed, so free was I from English provincialisms, that it was often remarked to me, that I “needed no protection;” meaning, that I should be taken for a Yankee, without offering proof.
With all this in my favor, I could not behold myself approaching my native soil, without many misgivings121. To a man who knows a halter is hanging over his head, everything furnishes cause for alarm; a piercing look, a whisper, or the sudden mention of his name, is a cause of disquietude, sufficient to stir his inmost soul. Captain Nicholson gave me no little uneasiness, by sending for me one day, just before we arrived in port, to make some inquiries about Mr. Crowninshield, of Salem, Mass. Luckily, I could say I had seen him; beyond that, I could give no further information. He supposed me to be a native of Salem, while I was quaking, through a fearful expectation of being found nearly as ignorant of that city, as I had been, on another occasion, of the city of Philadelphia.
At length we reached Spithead, and were removed to an old prison-ship, called the Puissant122, which had once belonged to the French. Here we were treated with great lenity; we were even allowed liberty to go on shore. Had I dared, I would have run away; the dread of the halter restrained me! I did not even venture to write, lest my mother should be tempted123 to visit me, or even to write; since even a letter from any place in England, might awaken124 suspicion concerning my true character.
After a stay of several weeks in the old Puissant, orders came for our transfer to the Rover, a gun-brig, which had orders to carry us to Plymouth. Here was a double risk again before me. I had to risk being known by the crew of the Rover, and by the many persons who had known me at Plymouth. However, the good hand of Providence125 was with me to preserve me. We reached our port in safety, where, to our great delight, we heard that the Woodrop Simms, of Philadelphia, was to be the Cartel to convey us to America.
Before we were allowed to tread her decks, however, we had to spend two or three days on board the Royal Sovereign, of one hundred and ten guns, because the Woodrop Simms was not quite ready to receive us. Here I was exposed to the gaze of eight hundred men; but none of them knew me. Indeed, this was my most hazardous126 situation; for the Sovereign and Macedonian had sailed in company before the capture of the latter. Whenever any of her men came near our quarters, I endeavored to look cross-eyed, or closed one eye so as to appear partially127 blind; and in various other ways altered my appearance, so that even an old shipmate would have been puzzled to recognise me at first.
At last, the grateful news reached us that the Cartel was ready. We went on board with great gaiety, where we met our shipmates who had left the Cape before us. They had been confined in the celebrated128 Dartmoor prison, with a number of other prisoners, where they had met with rather rough treatment and rougher fare. They were present at what they called the Massacre129. Several of the prisoners were detected in an effort to escape. To strike terror into the poor victims, Captain Shortland ordered his men to fire in upon them. Quite a number were killed, and more wounded, by this cold-blooded act; the rest sought the shelter of the prison walls. Several Americans suffered in this wanton assault. Our meeting at this juncture130 was a source of mutual131 gratulation.
Our ship was now surrounded with boats containing provisions of all descriptions. To our surprise, the Dartmoor men bought freely of everything. Where they obtained their money, we could not imagine. We learned afterwards that their stock consisted of counterfeit132 coins, manufactured by the prisoners! It was well for them that our ship put to sea before John Bull’s peace officers received information of the fraud. What a school for every species of vice is opened by war! The corruptions133 and vices134 occasioned by the operation of this system, are beyond the power of the imagination to conceive.
My feelings were peculiar17 as I beheld my native land receding135 from my vision. I was happy, and yet sad. Happy, because I was now safe; sad, because I was again leaving the soil which held my mother and my friends. On the whole, my joyous136 feelings prevailed.
A few days out, we were hailed by an English frigate137. She sent a boat alongside to make some inquiries, and left us to pursue our way in peace. We were all in good spirits; our men being divided into watches to assist the crew of the ship; our officers all snugly138 quartered in the cabin, and myself appointed to assist the steward139; an office quite agreeable to one who had lived on prisoners’ fare more than a year, because it brought me a few of the spare luxuries from the officers’ table.
One morning, shortly after the English frigate had boarded us, Captain Nicholson asked me something about Salem. I smiled. He inquired why I laughed. “Sir,” said I, “Salem is not my native place by considerable.”
“What do you mean?” asked the captain, looking somewhat puzzled at my manner of treating the subject.
I then unfolded the secret of my having been one of the crew captured in the Macedonian. They seemed amazed at the risks I had encountered since the capture of the Siren, and congratulated me very warmly on my really hair-breadth escape from the halter. It was a fortunate escape indeed, for which I can never be sufficiently140 thankful to that All-seeing Eye, that watched for my safety in the moment of peril141.
During this voyage, a great deal was said about quitting the seas and settling down in quietness ashore142. One of our shipmates, named William Carpenter, who belonged to Rhode Island, had a particular enthusiasm in favor of farming. He promised to take me with him, where I could learn the art of cultivating the soil. Many of us made strong resolutions to embark in some such enterprise. The pleasures of agriculture were sung and praised among us in so ardent143 a manner, that he must have been incredulous indeed, who could have doubted, for a moment, the certainty of quite a number of our hands becoming farmers, whenever we should gain the land.
One night we lay in our hammocks, talking with great earnestness about our favorite scheme, the wind blowing quite freshly on deck. Said one, “If I ever get home, you won’t catch me on board of a ship again.” “Yes,” said another; “farmers live well, at any rate. They are not put on allowance, but have enough to eat: if they work hard all day, they can turn in at night; and if it blows hard, the house won’t rock much, and there’s no sails to reef.” While this and similar conversation was going on, the wind was blowing harder and harder: from occasional heavy puffs144, it at last grew to be a tremendous gale40. Hearing so much wind, though there were hands enough on deck to manage the ship, some of us got up to assist if we were needed. It was now blowing most fearfully; the wild howling and whistling among the rigging, the wilder roar of the angry sea, the hallooing of the captain, and the impenetrable darkness which lent its horrors to the scene, were appalling145 even to a sailor’s breast. Just as I stepped upon deck she shipped a heavy sea, which drenched146 me to the skin. Presently, we heard the crash of falling timbers, and away went a top-mast, and a yard in the slings147. There were now so many men on deck that we were in each other’s way; some of us went below and turned in, with the full expectation that our ship would founder148 before morning; and thinking it would be as well to go down in our hammocks as on deck.
While this state of gloomy foreboding continued, some of my shipmates manifested great alarm about eternity149. They prayed aloud, in deep distress150. Others only cursed, and said, as if in bravado151, “We are all going to hell together.” For my own part I kept repeating the Lord’s prayer, and renewing those promises so often made in the moment of apparent destruction.
At length the day dawned, revealing the sad havoc152 made by the winds, of our masts and rigging. We also saw a number of those dwellers153 on the ocean, called Mother Carey’s chickens. Our shattered aspect reminded me of the Macedonian after the battle, excepting that we had no wounded and dead about us now. Captain Jones, who had not left the deck a moment during the night, declared that, though he had been twenty-five years at sea, he had never witnessed such a gale before. Our ship was nearly new, and an excellent sea-boat, or she would have shared the fate of many a ship in that terrible gale. As the wind abated154 with the approach of day, we repaired our damages and proceeded on our voyage, frequently passing vessels which had suffered as severely155 as ourselves. This gale was on the 9th and 10th days of August, 1815. Probably many, both sailors and landsmen, will recollect110 this and the September gale of that year, which occasioned such destruction of life and shipping.
Sailors are superstitious156. Our men attributed this mishap157 to the presence of some Jonah in the ship. The man they pitched upon, as the probable offender, was an old sea-captain, who had been cast away several times. That he had done some fearful deed, was a matter of undoubted truth among them; but not being so resolute158 as the mariners159 of Tarshish, they did not cast him into the sea; neither did this liberality on their part cost us our lives, for, after several days of pleasant weather, we one morning found ourselves safely anchored at the quarantine ground, near the city of New York.
The crew of the Siren having obtained leave to go on shore, full of my good purposes to lead a steady life on the land, I hurried directly to Broadway, to inquire for my former employer, the kind-hearted boot-maker. To my disappointment, he had gone to Philadelphia; so that I returned on board, somewhat chagrined160 at the failure of my plan.
The next morning we were conveyed, in a large sail-boat, on board the Tom Bowling161, an hermaphrodite brig. Here I was congratulated by the old quartermaster, Lewis Deal, who was with me when we narrowly escaped capture at the mouth of Salem harbor, while on a fishing excursion. He said he had felt much anxiety for my safety all the voyage, especially as it was reported that my former captain had made strict search for the Macedonians among all the American prisoners who were carried to England. The kind-hearted old man wept tears of gladness at my safe return.
While we staid in the Tom Bowling, the September gale, mentioned above, took place. We were right glad, as it broke its fury over our anchorage in vain, to think we were so safely housed in a good harbor, instead of being exposed to its wrath65 on the deep. Many a brave heart perished in that memorable162 storm.
The two years having expired for which we shipped, we were paid off. With the sum of one hundred dollars, I hurried on shore and deposited my funds in the hands of my landlord, at a sailor’s boarding-house. Now followed a life of dissipation and folly163. The grave resolutions, passed at sea, to settle down as steady farmers, vanished into air. Drinking, swearing, gambling, going to the theatre, and other kindred vices, took up all our time as long as our money lasted. Our religious vows164 were equally slighted and forgotten: instead of being better, we became worse than ever. We felt as if New York belonged to us, and that we were really the happiest, jolliest fellows in the world.
For my own part, I fell deeper into wickedness than ever before: drinking, swearing, and gambling as I had never done on any former occasion. How could it be otherwise? Who cared for the sailor then? Not one. He was left to his own depraved heart’s promptings. Bethels and religious boarding-houses did not then throw their genial165 influences round his path, to charm his footsteps to the shrines166 of virtue167 and religion. Near the very spot where the Bethel church now stands in New York, I have frequently gambled for hours, with a bottle of spirits on the table, uncaring and uncared for by any human being. Thrice blessed be the man who first established Bethels and temperance boarding-houses! They are the sailor’s life-boats, which snatch him from the gory168 jaws169 of the unprincipled landsharks who fatten170 on his ruin.
Sometimes, in a sober moment, I thought I would break away from this wicked mode of life. I even engaged myself to a boot-maker, to complete my knowledge of his business; but, the dread of the confinement to the shoe-bench, which my riotous171 fancy painted as being worse than a prison, drove me from my purpose, and left me still among my shipmates.
At last my landlord told me my money was all expended172, and that I must look out for something to do. My shipmates were in a similar dilemma173, their number decreasing every day, as one after another shipped in the various merchant vessels preparing for sea. Alas! for our farmers in perspective. Their dreams of ploughing the land evaporated, leaving them what they were before, and what most of them remained until death, the ploughmen of the ocean. My landlord’s gentle hint put a stop to my excesses, for the very sufficient reason that it was attended with a protest on my further checks for funds. For a while, I found employment in loading and unloading ships, and in assisting to fit them for sea. But this proving an uncertain employment, I was induced to join a number of my fellow-boarders in going to the rendezvous174 of the United States brig Boxer175. Here we shipped for two years more. I was then eighteen years of age, and was rated as an ordinary seaman176, with ten dollars per month wages. Behold me then, dear reader, once more on board a man of war, in spite of all the dangers I had escaped, and the promises I had made to risk myself no more on the ocean! The next chapter will unfold the events which transpired177 while I sailed in the Boxer.
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1
berths
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| n.（船、列车等的）卧铺( berth的名词复数 )；（船舶的）停泊位或锚位；差事；船台vt.v.停泊( berth的第三人称单数 )；占铺位 | |
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sling
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| vt.扔；悬挂；n.挂带；吊索，吊兜；弹弓 | |
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seamen
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| n.海员 | |
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insolence
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| n.傲慢；无礼；厚颜；傲慢的态度 | |
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sergeants
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| 警官( sergeant的名词复数 )； （美国警察）警佐； （英国警察）巡佐； 陆军（或空军）中士 | |
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sergeant
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| n.警官，中士 | |
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embitter
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| v.使苦；激怒 | |
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enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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muster
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| v.集合，收集，鼓起，激起；n.集合，检阅，集合人员，点名册 | |
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discomfort
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| n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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sentry
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| n.哨兵，警卫 | |
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cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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peculiarity
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| n.独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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yarn
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| n.纱，纱线，纺线；奇闻漫谈，旅行轶事 | |
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naturalists
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| n.博物学家( naturalist的名词复数 )；（文学艺术的）自然主义者 | |
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sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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sable
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| n.黑貂；adj.黑色的 | |
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barley
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| n.大麦，大麦粒 | |
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pint
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| n.品脱 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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beguile
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| vt.欺骗，消遣 | |
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confinement
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| n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限 | |
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gambling
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| n.赌博；投机 | |
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uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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protracted
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| adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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profanation
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| n.亵渎 | |
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conspired
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| 密谋( conspire的过去式和过去分词 )； 搞阴谋； （事件等）巧合； 共同导致 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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amendment
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| n.改正，修正，改善，修正案 | |
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alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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wretches
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| n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋 | |
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essentially
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| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
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draught
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| n.拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风；v.起草，设计 | |
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gales
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| 龙猫 | |
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gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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tablecloth
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| n.桌布，台布 | |
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warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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43
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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44
commotion
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| n.骚动，动乱 | |
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crested
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| adj.有顶饰的，有纹章的，有冠毛的v.到达山顶（或浪峰）( crest的过去式和过去分词 )；到达洪峰，达到顶点 | |
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46
foam
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| v./n.泡沫，起泡沫 | |
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posture
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| n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势 | |
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48
shipping
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| n.船运（发货，运输，乘船） | |
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49
humanely
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| adv.仁慈地；人道地；富人情地；慈悲地 | |
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50
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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51
nausea
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| n.作呕，恶心；极端的憎恶(或厌恶) | |
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52
abhorrence
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| n.憎恶；可憎恶的事 | |
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53
shuddering
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| v.战栗( shudder的现在分词 )；发抖；（机器、车辆等）突然震动；颤动 | |
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54
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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55
wry
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| adj.讽刺的；扭曲的 | |
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56
mortification
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| n.耻辱，屈辱 | |
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57
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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58
jack
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| n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克 | |
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59
feigned
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| a.假装的，不真诚的 | |
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60
offender
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| n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者 | |
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61
demonstration
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| n.表明，示范，论证，示威 | |
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62
passionate
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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63
inquiries
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| n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 )；疑问；探究；打听 | |
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64
enraged
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| 使暴怒( enrage的过去式和过去分词 )； 歜； 激愤 | |
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65
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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66
injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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67
insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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68
professing
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| 声称( profess的现在分词 )； 宣称； 公开表明； 信奉 | |
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69
caterer
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| n. 备办食物者，备办宴席者 | |
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70
tune
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| n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整 | |
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71
disarm
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| v.解除武装，回复平常的编制，缓和 | |
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72
submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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73
strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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74
imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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75
missionary
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| adj.教会的，传教(士)的；n.传教士 | |
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76
piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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77
intoxicated
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| 喝醉的，极其兴奋的 | |
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78
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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79
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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80
inviting
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| adj.诱人的，引人注目的 | |
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81
discoursing
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| 演说（discourse的现在分词形式） | |
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82
pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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83
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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84
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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85
delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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86
hymn
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| n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌 | |
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87
tunes
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| n.曲调，曲子( tune的名词复数 )v.调音( tune的第三人称单数 )；调整；（给收音机、电视等）调谐；使协调 | |
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88
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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89
discourses
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| 论文( discourse的名词复数 )； 演说； 讲道； 话语 | |
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90
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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91
inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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92
maker
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| n.制造者，制造商 | |
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93
bellowing
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| v.发出吼叫声，咆哮（尤指因痛苦）( bellow的现在分词 )；（愤怒地）说出（某事），大叫 | |
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94
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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95
musket
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| n.滑膛枪 | |
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96
extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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97
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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98
salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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99
requisite
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| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
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100
joyful
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| adj.欢乐的，令人欢欣的 | |
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101
memento
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| n.纪念品，令人回忆的东西 | |
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102
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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103
labors
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| v.努力争取(for)( labor的第三人称单数 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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104
blessings
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| n.（上帝的）祝福( blessing的名词复数 )；好事；福分；因祸得福 | |
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105
slumbers
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| 睡眠，安眠( slumber的名词复数 ) | |
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106
embark
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| vi.乘船，着手，从事，上飞机 | |
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107
perversity
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| n.任性；刚愎自用 | |
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108
gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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109
convoy
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| vt.护送，护卫，护航；n.护送；护送队 | |
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110
recollect
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| v.回忆，想起，记起，忆起，记得 | |
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111
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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112
impunity
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| n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
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113
trepidation
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| n.惊恐，惶恐 | |
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114
leech
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| n.水蛭，吸血鬼，榨取他人利益的人；vt.以水蛭吸血；vi.依附于别人 | |
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115
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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116
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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117
dreaded
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| adj.令人畏惧的；害怕的v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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118
promotion
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| n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传 | |
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119
lashes
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| n.鞭挞( lash的名词复数 )；鞭子；突然猛烈的一击；急速挥动v.鞭打( lash的第三人称单数 )；煽动；紧系；怒斥 | |
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120
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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121
misgivings
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| n.疑虑，担忧，害怕；疑虑，担心，恐惧( misgiving的名词复数 )；疑惧 | |
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122
puissant
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| adj.强有力的 | |
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123
tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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124
awaken
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| vi.醒，觉醒；vt.唤醒，使觉醒，唤起，激起 | |
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125
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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126
hazardous
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| adj.(有)危险的，冒险的；碰运气的 | |
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127
partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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128
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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129
massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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130
juncture
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| n.时刻，关键时刻，紧要关头 | |
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131
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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132
counterfeit
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| vt.伪造，仿造；adj.伪造的，假冒的 | |
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133
corruptions
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| n.堕落( corruption的名词复数 )；腐化；腐败；贿赂 | |
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134
vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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135
receding
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的现在分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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136
joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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137
frigate
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| n.护航舰，大型驱逐舰 | |
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138
snugly
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| adv.紧贴地；贴身地；暖和舒适地；安适地 | |
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139
steward
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| n.乘务员，服务员；看管人；膳食管理员 | |
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140
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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141
peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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142
ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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143
ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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144
puffs
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| n.吸( puff的名词复数 )；（烟斗或香烟的）一吸；一缕（烟、蒸汽等）；（呼吸或风的）呼v.使喷出( puff的第三人称单数 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧 | |
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145
appalling
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| adj.骇人听闻的，令人震惊的，可怕的 | |
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146
drenched
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| adj.湿透的；充满的v.使湿透( drench的过去式和过去分词 )；在某人（某物）上大量使用（某液体） | |
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147
slings
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| 抛( sling的第三人称单数 )； 吊挂； 遣送； 押往 | |
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148
Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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149
eternity
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| n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷 | |
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150
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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151
bravado
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| n.虚张声势，故作勇敢，逞能 | |
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152
havoc
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| n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱 | |
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153
dwellers
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| n.居民，居住者( dweller的名词复数 ) | |
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154
abated
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| 减少( abate的过去式和过去分词 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼） | |
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155
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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156
superstitious
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| adj.迷信的 | |
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157
mishap
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| n.不幸的事，不幸；灾祸 | |
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158
resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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159
mariners
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| 海员，水手（mariner的复数形式） | |
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160
chagrined
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| adj.懊恼的，苦恼的v.使懊恼，使懊丧，使悔恨( chagrin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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161
bowling
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| n.保龄球运动 | |
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162
memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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163
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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164
vows
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| 誓言( vow的名词复数 )； 郑重宣布，许愿 | |
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165
genial
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| adj.亲切的，和蔼的，愉快的，脾气好的 | |
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166
shrines
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| 圣地，圣坛，神圣场所( shrine的名词复数 ) | |
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167
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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168
gory
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| adj.流血的；残酷的 | |
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169
jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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170
fatten
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| v.使肥，变肥 | |
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171
riotous
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| adj.骚乱的；狂欢的 | |
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172
expended
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| v.花费( expend的过去式和过去分词 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽 | |
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173
dilemma
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| n.困境，进退两难的局面 | |
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174
rendezvous
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| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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175
boxer
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| n.制箱者，拳击手 | |
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176
seaman
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| n.海员，水手，水兵 | |
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177
transpired
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| （事实，秘密等）被人知道( transpire的过去式和过去分词 )； 泄露； 显露； 发生 | |
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