For ten dollars you may criticize a judge;
You may discuss in politics the newest thing you find,
And open scientific truth to all the deaf and blind,
CHORUS.
And all its works within!
To say a word about it—
To criticize or doubt it—
To seek to mend or move it—
To venture to improve it—
Is The Unpardonable Sin!
—“Old Song.”
Mr. Porne took an afternoon off and came with his wife to hear their former housemaid lecture. As many other men as were able did the same. All the members not bedridden were present, and nearly all the guests they had invited.
So many were the acceptances that a downtown hall had been taken; the floor was more than filled, and in the gallery sat a block of servant girls, more gorgeous in array than the ladies below whispering excitedly among themselves. The platform recalled a “tournament of roses,” and, sternly important among all that fragrant3 loveliness, sat Mrs. Dankshire in “the chair” flanked by Miss Torbus, the Recording4 Secretary, Miss Massing, the Treasurer6, and Mrs. Ree, tremulous with importance in her official position. All these ladies wore an air of high emprise, even more intense than that with which they usually essayed their public duties. They were richly dressed, except Miss Torbus, who came as near it as she could.
At the side, and somewhat in the rear of the President, on a chair quite different from “the chair,” discreetly7 gowned and of a bafflingly serene8 demeanor9, sat Miss Bell. All eyes were upon her—even some opera glasses.
“She's a good-looker anyhow,” was one masculine opinion.
“She's a peach,” was another, “Tell you—the chap that gets her is well heeled!” said a third.
The ladies bent10 their hats toward one another and conferred in flowing whispers; and in the gallery eager confidences were exchanged, with giggles12.
On the small table before Mrs. Dankshire, shaded by a magnificent bunch of roses, lay that core and crux13 of all parliamentry dignity, the gavel; an instrument no self-respecting chairwoman may be without; yet which she still approaches with respectful uncertainty14.
In spite of its large size and high social standing15, the Orchardina Home and Culture Club contained some elements of unrest, and when the yearly election of officers came round there was always need for careful work in practical politics to keep the reins17 of government in the hands of “the right people.”
Mrs. Thaddler, conscious of her New York millions, and Madam Weatherstone, conscious of her Philadelphia lineage, with Mrs. Johnston A. Marrow18 (“one of the Boston Marrows19!” was awesomely20 whispered of her), were the heads of what might be called “the conservative party” in this small parliament; while Miss Miranda L. Eagerson, describing herself as 'a journalist,' who held her place in local society largely by virtue21 of the tacit dread22 of what she might do if offended—led the more radical23 element.
Most of the members were quite content to follow the lead of the solidly established ladies of Orchard16 Avenue; especially as this leadership consisted mainly in the pursuance of a masterly inactivity. When wealth and aristocracy combine with that common inertia24 which we dignify25 as “conservatism” they exert a powerful influence in the great art of sitting still.
Nevertheless there were many alert and conscientious26 women in this large membership, and when Miss Eagerson held the floor, and urged upon the club some active assistance in the march of events, it needed all Mrs. Dankshire's generalship to keep them content with marking time.
On this auspicious27 occasion, however, both sides were agreed in interest and approval. Here was a subject appealing to every woman present, and every man but such few as merely “boarded”; even they had memories and hopes concerning this question.
Solemnly rose Mrs. Dankshire, her full silks rustling28 about her, and let one clear tap of the gavel fall into the sea of soft whispering and guttural murmurs30.
In the silence that followed she uttered the momentous31 announcements: “The meeting will please come to order,” “We will now hear the reading of the minutes of the last meeting,” and so on most conscientiously32 through officer's reports and committees reports to “new business.”
Perhaps it is their more frequent practice of religious rites33, perhaps their devout34 acceptance of social rulings and the dictates35 of fashion, perhaps the lifelong reiterance of small duties at home, or all these things together, which makes women so seriously letter-perfect in parliamentry usage. But these stately ceremonies were ended in course of time, and Mrs. Dankshire rose again, even more solemn than before, and came forward majestically36.
“Members—-and guests,” she said impressively, “this is an occasion which brings pride to the heart of every member of the Home and Culture Club. As our name implies, this Club is formed to serve the interests of The Home—those interests which stand first, I trust, in every human heart.”
A telling pause, and the light patter of gloved hands.
“Its second purpose,” pursued the speaker, with that measured delivery which showed that her custom, as one member put it, was to “first write and then commit,” “is to promote the cause of Culture in this community. Our aim is Culture in the broadest sense, not only in the curricula of institutions of learning, not only in those spreading branches of study and research which tempts37 us on from height to height”—(“proof of arboreal38 ancestry39 that,” Miss Eagerson confided40 to a friend, whose choked giggle11 attracted condemning41 eyes)—“but in the more intimate fields of daily experience.”
“Most of us, however widely interested in the higher education, are still—and find in this our highest honor—wives and mothers.” These novel titles called forth42 another round of applause.
“As such,” continued Mrs. Dankshire, “we all recognize the difficult—the well-nigh insuperable problems of the”—she glanced at the gallery now paying awed43 attention—“domestic question.”
“We know how on the one hand our homes yawn unattended”—(“I yawn while I'm attending—eh?” one gentleman in the rear suggested to his neighbor)—“while on the other the ranks of mercenary labor44 are overcrowded. Why is it that while the peace and beauty, the security and comfort, of a good home, with easy labor and high pay, are open to every young woman, whose circumstances oblige her to toil45 for her living, she blindly refuses these true advantages and loses her health and too often what is far more precious!—in the din5 and tumult46 of the factory, or the dangerous exposure of the public counter.”
Madam Weatherstone was much impressed at this point, and beat her black fan upon her black glove emphatically. Mrs. Thaddler also nodded; which meant a good deal from her. The applause was most gratifying to the speaker, who continued:
“Fortunately for the world there are some women yet who appreciate the true values of life.” A faint blush crept slowly up the face of Diantha, but her expression was unchanged. Whoso had met and managed a roomful of merciless children can easily face a woman's club.
“We have with us on this occasion one, as we my say, our equal in birth and breeding,”—Madam Weatherstone here looked painfully shocked as also did the Boston Marrow; possibly Mrs. Dankshire, whose parents were Iowa farmers, was not unmindful of this, but she went on smoothly49, “and whose first employment was the honored task of the teacher; who has deliberately50 cast her lot with the domestic worker, and brought her trained intelligence to bear upon the solution of this great question—The True Nature of Domestic Service. In the interests of this problem she has consented to address us—I take pleasure in introducing Miss Diantha Bell.”
Diantha rose calmly, stepped forward, bowed to the President and officers, and to the audience. She stood quietly for a moment, regarding the faces before her, and produced a typewritten paper. It was clear, short, and to some minds convincing.
She set forth that the term “domestic industry” did not define certain kinds of labor, but a stage of labor; that all labor was originally domestic; but that most kinds had now become social, as with weaving and spinning, for instance, for centuries confined to the home and done by women only; now done in mills by men and women; that this process of socialization has now been taken from the home almost all the manufactures—as of wine, beer, soap, candles, pickles51 and other specialties52, and part of the laundry work; that the other processes of cleaning are also being socialized, as by the vacuum cleaners, the professional window-washers, rug cleaners, and similar professional workers; and that even in the preparation of food many kinds are now specialized53, as by the baker54 and confectioner. That in service itself we were now able to hire by the hour or day skilled workers necessarily above the level of the “general.”
A growing rustle55 of disapproval56 began to make itself felt, which increased as she went on to explain how the position of the housemaid is a survival of the ancient status of woman slavery, the family with the male head and the group of servile women.
“The keynote of all our difficulty in this relation is that we demand celibacy57 of our domestic servants,” said Diantha.
“Since it is natural for women to marry, the result is that our domestic servants consist of a constantly changing series of young girls, apprentices59, as it were; and the complicated and important duties of the household cannot be fully48 mastered by such hands.”
The audience disapproved60 somewhat of this, but more of what followed. She showed (Mrs. Porne nodding her head amusedly), that so far from being highly paid and easy labor, house service was exacting61 and responsible, involving a high degree of skill as well as moral character, and that it was paid less than ordinary unskilled labor, part of this payment being primitive62 barter63.
Then, as whispers and sporadic64 little spurts65 of angry talk increased, the clear quiet voice went on to state that this last matter, the position of a strange young girl in our homes, was of itself a source of much of the difficulty of the situation.
“We speak of giving them the safety and shelter of the home,”—here Diantha grew solemn;—“So far from sharing our homes, she gives up her own, and has none of ours, but the poorest of our food and a cramped66 lodging67; she has neither the freedom nor the privileges of a home; and as to shelter and safety—the domestic worker, owing to her peculiarly defenceless position, furnishes a terrible percentage of the unfortunate.”
A shocked silence met this statement.
“In England shop-workers complain of the old custom of 'sleeping in'—their employers furnishing them with lodging as part payment; this also is a survival of the old apprentice58 method. With us, only the domestic servant is held to this antiquated68 position.”
Regardless of the chill displeasure about her she cheerfully pursued:
“Let us now consider the economic side of the question. 'Domestic economy' is a favorite phrase. As a matter of fact our method of domestic service is inordinately69 wasteful70. Even where the wife does all the housework, without pay, we still waste labor to an enormous extent, requiring one whole woman to wait upon each man. If the man hires one or more servants, the wastes increase. If one hundred men undertake some common business, they do not divide in two halves, each man having another man to serve him—fifty productive laborers71, and fifty cooks. Two or three cooks could provide for the whole group; to use fifty is to waste 47 per cent. of the labor.
“But our waste of labor is as nothing to our waste of money. For, say twenty families, we have twenty kitchens with all their furnishings, twenty stoves with all their fuel; twenty cooks with all their wages; in cash and barter combined we pay about ten dollars a week for our cooks—$200 a week to pay for the cooking for twenty families, for about a hundred persons!
“Three expert cooks, one at $20 a week and two at $15 would save to those twenty families $150 a week and give them better food. The cost of kitchen furnishings and fuel, could be reduced by nine-tenths; and beyond all that comes our incredible waste in individual purchasing. What twenty families spend on individual patronage72 of small retailers73, could be reduced by more than half if bought by competent persons in wholesale74 quantities. Moreover, our whole food supply would rise in quality as well as lower in price if it was bought by experts.
“To what does all this lead?” asked Diantha pleasantly.
Nobody said anything, but the visible attitude of the house seemed to say that it led straight to perdition.
“The solution for which so many are looking is no new scheme of any sort; and in particular it is not that oft repeated fore-doomed failure called 'co-operative housekeeping'.”
At this a wave of relief spread perceptibly. The irritation75 roused by those preposterous76 figures and accusations77 was somewhat allayed78. Hope was relit in darkened countenances80.
“The inefficiency81 of a dozen tottering82 households is not removed by combining them,” said Diantha. This was of dubious83 import. “Why should we expect a group of families to “keep house” expertly and economically together, when they are driven into companionship by the fact that none of them can do it alone.”
Again an uncertain reception.
“Every family is a distinct unit,” the girl continued. “Its needs are separate and should be met separately. The separate house and garden should belong to each family, the freedom and group privacy of the common milkman, by a common baker, by a common cooking and a common cleaning establishment. We are rapidly approaching an improved system of living in which the private home will no more want a cookshop on the premises84 than a blacksmith's shop or soap-factory. The necessary work of the kitchenless house will be done by the hour, with skilled labor; and we shall order our food cooked instead of raw. This will give to the employees a respectable well-paid profession, with their own homes and families; and to the employers a saving of about two-thirds of the expense of living, as well as an end of all our difficulties with the servant question. That is the way to elevate—to enoble domestic service. It must cease to be domestic service—and become world service.”
Suddenly and quietly she sat down.
Miss Eagerson was on her feet. So were others.
“Madam President! Madam President!” resounded85 from several points at once. Madam Weatherstone—Mrs. Thaddler—no! yes—they really were both on their feet. Applause was going on—irregularly—soon dropped. Only, from the group in the gallery it was whole-hearted and consistent.
Mrs. Dankshire, who had been growing red and redder as the paper advanced, who had conferred in alarmed whispers with Mrs. Ree, and Miss Massing, who had even been seen to extend her hand to the gavel and finger it threateningly, now rose, somewhat precipitately86, and came forward.
“Order, please! You will please keep order. You have heard the—we will now—the meeting is now open for discussion, Mrs. Thaddler!” And she sat down. She meant to have said Madam Weatherstone, by Mrs. Thaddler was more aggressive.
“I wish to say,” said that much beaded lady in a loud voice, “that I was against this—unfortunate experiment—from the first. And I trust it will never be repeated!” She sat down.
“Madam Weatherstone?” said the President, placatingly88.
Madam Weatherstone arose, rather sulkily, and looked about her. An agitated89 assembly met her eye, buzzing universally each to each.
“Order!” said Mrs. Dankshire, “ORDER, please!” and rapped three times with the gavel.
“I have attended many meetings, in many clubs, in many states,” said Madam Weatherstone, “and have heard much that was foolish, and some things that were dangerous. But I will say that never in the course of all my experience have I heard anything so foolish and so dangerous, as this. I trust that the—doubtless well meant—attempt to throw light on this subject—from the wrong quarter—has been a lesson to us all. No club could survive more than one such lamentable90 mistake!” And she sat down, gathering91 her large satin wrap about her like a retiring Caesar.
“Madam President!” broke forth Miss Eagerson. “I was up first—and have been standing ever since—”
If Mrs. Dankshire supposed she was still further supporting the cause of condemnation93 she made a painful mistake. The cloth and the fine bearing of the young clergyman deceived her; and she forgot that he was said to be “advanced” and was new to the place.
“Will you come to the platform, Dr. Eltwood?”
Dr. Eltwood came to the platform with the easy air of one to whom platforms belonged by right.
“Ladies,” he began in tones of cordial good will, “both employer and employed!—and gentlemen—whom I am delighted to see here to-day! I am grateful for the opportunity so graciously extended to me”—he bowed six feet of black broadcloth toward Mrs. Dankshire—“by your honored President.
“And I am grateful for the opportunity previously94 enjoyed, of listening to the most rational, practical, wise, true and hopeful words I have ever heard on this subject. I trust there will be enough open-minded women—and men—in Orchardina to make possible among us that higher business development of a great art which has been so convincingly laid before us. This club is deserving of all thanks from the community for extending to so many the privilege of listening to our valued fellow-citizen—Miss Bell.”
He bowed again—to Miss Bell—and to Mrs. Dankshire, and resumed his seat, Miss Eagerson taking advantage of the dazed pause to occupy the platform herself.
“Mr. Eltwood is right!” she said. “Miss Bell is right! This is the true presentation of the subject, 'by one who knows.' Miss Bell has pricked95 our pretty bubble so thoroughly96 that we don't know where we're standing—but she knows! Housework is a business—like any other business—I've always said so, and it's got to be done in a business way. Now I for one—” but Miss Eagerson was rapped down by the Presidential gavel; as Mrs. Thaddler, portentous97 and severe, stalked forward.
“It is not my habit to make public speeches,” she began, “nor my desire; but this is a time when prompt and decisive action needs to be taken. This Club cannot afford to countenance79 any such farrago of mischievous98 nonsense as we have heard to-day. I move you, Madam President, that a resolution of condemnation be passed at once; and the meeting then dismissed!”
She stalked back again, while Mrs. Marrow of Boston, in clear, cold tones seconded the motion.
But another voice was heard—for the first time in that assembly—Mrs. Weatherstone, the pretty, delicate widower99 daughter-in-law of Madam Weatherstone, was on her feet with “Madam President! I wish to speak to this motion.”
“Won't you come to the platform, Mrs. Weatherstone?” asked Mrs. Dankshire graciously, and the little lady came, visibly trembling, but holding her head high.
All sat silent, all expected—what was not forthcoming.
“I wish to protest, as a member of the Club, and as a woman, against the gross discourtesy which has been offered to the guest and speaker of the day. In answer to our invitation Miss Bell has given us a scholarly and interesting paper, and I move that we extend her a vote of thanks.”
“I second the motion,” came from all quarters.
“There is another motion before the house,” from others.
Cries of “Madam President” arose everywhere, many speakers were on their feet. Mrs. Dankshire tapped frantically100 with the little gavel, but Miss Eagerson, by sheer vocal102 power, took and held the floor.
“I move that we take a vote on this question,” she cried in piercing tones. “Let every woman who knows enough to appreciate Miss Bell's paper—and has any sense of decency103—stand up!”
Quite a large proportion of the audience stood up—very informally. Those who did not, did not mean to acknowledge lack of intelligence and sense of decency, but to express emphatic47 disapproval of Miss Eagerson, Miss Bell and their views.
“I move you, Madam President,” cried Mrs. Thaddler, at the top of her voice, “that every member who is guilty of such grossly unparlimentary conduct be hereby dropped from this Club!”
“We hereby resign!” cried Miss Eagerson. “We drop you! We'll have a New Woman's Club in Orchardina with some warmth in its heart and some brains in its head—even if it hasn't as much money in its pocket!”
Amid stern rappings, hissings, cries of “Order—order,” and frantic101 “Motions to adjourn” the meeting broke up; the club elements dissolving and reforming into two bodies as by some swift chemical reaction.
Great was the rejoicing of the daily press; some amusement was felt, though courteously104 suppressed by the men present, and by many not present, when they heard of it.
Some ladies were so shocked and grieved as to withdraw from club-life altogether. Others, in stern dignity, upheld the shaken standards of Home and Culture; while the most conspicuous105 outcome of it all was the immediate106 formation of the New Woman's Club of Orchardina.
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1
budge
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| v.移动一点儿；改变立场 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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fragrant
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| adj.芬香的，馥郁的，愉快的 | |
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recording
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| n.录音，记录 | |
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din
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| n.喧闹声，嘈杂声 | |
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treasurer
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| n.司库，财务主管 | |
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discreetly
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| ad.(言行)审慎地，慎重地 | |
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serene
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| adj. 安详的，宁静的，平静的 | |
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demeanor
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| n.行为；风度 | |
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bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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giggle
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| n.痴笑，咯咯地笑；v.咯咯地笑着说 | |
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giggles
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| n.咯咯的笑( giggle的名词复数 )；傻笑；玩笑；the giggles 止不住的格格笑v.咯咯地笑( giggle的第三人称单数 ) | |
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crux
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| adj.十字形；难事，关键，最重要点 | |
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uncertainty
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| n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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orchard
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| n.果园，果园里的全部果树，(美俚)棒球场 | |
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reins
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| 感情，激情； 缰( rein的名词复数 )； 控制手段； 掌管； （成人带着幼儿走路以防其走失时用的）保护带 | |
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marrow
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marrows
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awesomely
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| 赫然 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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dread
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radical
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inertia
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| adj.惰性，惯性，懒惰，迟钝 | |
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dignify
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| vt.使有尊严；使崇高；给增光 | |
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conscientious
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| adj.审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的 | |
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auspicious
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| adj.吉利的；幸运的，吉兆的 | |
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rustling
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murmur
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murmurs
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momentous
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conscientiously
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| adv.凭良心地；认真地，负责尽职地；老老实实 | |
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rites
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devout
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dictates
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majestically
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| 雄伟地； 庄重地； 威严地； 崇高地 | |
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tempts
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arboreal
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| adj.树栖的；树的 | |
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ancestry
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| n.祖先，家世 | |
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confided
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| v.吐露（秘密，心事等）( confide的过去式和过去分词 )；（向某人）吐露（隐私、秘密等） | |
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condemning
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| v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的现在分词 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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awed
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| adj.充满敬畏的，表示敬畏的v.使敬畏，使惊惧( awe的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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emphatic
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| adj.强调的，着重的；无可置疑的，明显的 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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smoothly
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| adv.平滑地，顺利地，流利地，流畅地 | |
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deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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pickles
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| n.腌菜( pickle的名词复数 )；处于困境；遇到麻烦；菜酱 | |
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specialties
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| n.专门，特性，特别；专业( specialty的名词复数 )；特性；特制品；盖印的契约 | |
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specialized
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| adj.专门的，专业化的 | |
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baker
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| n.面包师 | |
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rustle
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| v.沙沙作响；偷盗(牛、马等)；n.沙沙声声 | |
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disapproval
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| n.反对，不赞成 | |
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celibacy
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| n.独身(主义) | |
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apprentice
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| n.学徒，徒弟 | |
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apprentices
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| 学徒，徒弟( apprentice的名词复数 ) | |
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disapproved
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| v.不赞成( disapprove的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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exacting
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| adj.苛求的，要求严格的 | |
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primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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barter
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| n.物物交换，以货易货，实物交易 | |
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sporadic
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| adj.偶尔发生的 [反]regular；分散的 | |
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spurts
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| 短暂而突然的活动或努力( spurt的名词复数 )； 突然奋起 | |
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cramped
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| a.狭窄的 | |
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lodging
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| n.寄宿，住所；(大学生的)校外宿舍 | |
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antiquated
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| adj.陈旧的，过时的 | |
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inordinately
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| adv.无度地，非常地 | |
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wasteful
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| adj.（造成）浪费的，挥霍的 | |
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laborers
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| n.体力劳动者，工人( laborer的名词复数 )；（熟练工人的）辅助工 | |
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patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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retailers
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| 零售商，零售店( retailer的名词复数 ) | |
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wholesale
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| n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售 | |
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irritation
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| n.激怒，恼怒，生气 | |
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preposterous
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| adj.荒谬的，可笑的 | |
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accusations
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| n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名 | |
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allayed
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| v.减轻，缓和( allay的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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countenances
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| n.面容( countenance的名词复数 )；表情；镇静；道义支持 | |
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inefficiency
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| n.无效率，无能；无效率事例 | |
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tottering
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| adj.蹒跚的，动摇的v.走得或动得不稳( totter的现在分词 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠 | |
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dubious
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| adj.怀疑的，无把握的；有问题的，靠不住的 | |
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premises
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| n.建筑物，房屋 | |
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resounded
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| v.（指声音等）回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 )；产生回响；（指某处）回荡着声音 | |
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precipitately
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| adv.猛进地 | |
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flickered
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| （通常指灯光）闪烁，摇曳( flicker的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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placatingly
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agitated
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| adj.被鼓动的，不安的 | |
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lamentable
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| adj.令人惋惜的，悔恨的 | |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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condemnation
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| n.谴责; 定罪 | |
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previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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pricked
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| 刺，扎，戳( prick的过去式和过去分词 )； 刺伤； 刺痛； 使剧痛 | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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portentous
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| adj.不祥的，可怕的，装腔作势的 | |
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mischievous
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| adj.调皮的，恶作剧的，有害的，伤人的 | |
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99
widower
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| n.鳏夫 | |
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100
frantically
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| ad.发狂地, 发疯地 | |
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101
frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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102
vocal
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| adj.直言不讳的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]声乐节目 | |
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103
decency
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| n.体面，得体，合宜，正派，庄重 | |
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104
courteously
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| adv.有礼貌地，亲切地 | |
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105
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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