Illustrations of these bad practices occur by miles in our London parks in winter. Walk through any of them at that season, and observe the borders around masses of shrubs, choice and otherwise. Instead of finding the earth covered, or nearly covered, with vegetation close to the margin1, and each individual plant developed into something like a fair specimen10 of its kind, we find a spread of recently–dug ground, and the plants upon it with an air of having recently suffered from a whirlwind, or some calamity11 that necessitated12 the removal of mutilated branches. Rough–pruners precede the diggers, and bravely trim in the shrubs for them, so that nothing may be in the way; and then come the diggers, plunging13 their spades deeply about plants, shrubs, or trees. The first shower that occurs after this digging exposes a whole network of torn–up roots. There is no relief to the spectacle; the same thing occurs everywhere—in botanic gardens as well as in our large West–end parks; and year after year is the process repeated.
[53]
While such is the case, it will be impossible to have an agreeable or interesting margin to a shrubbery or plantation. What secrets one might have in the central hidden portions of these now dug and bare shrubberies—in the half–shady spots where little colonies of rare exotic wildlings might have their first introduction to our wild garden! Of course all the labour required to produce this miserable14 result of dug borders is worse than thrown away, as the shrubberies would do better if let alone, and by utilising the power thus wasted, we might highly beautify the positions that are now so ugly.
If we resolve that no annual manuring or digging is to be permitted, nobody will grudge15 a thorough preparation at first. When a plantation of shrubs is quite young it is well to keep the ground open by lightly stirring it for a year or two. Then the planting should be so arranged as to defeat the digger. To graduate the vegetation from the taller subjects behind to the very margin of the grass is of much importance,[54] and this could be done best by the greater use of dwarf16 evergreens17. Happily, there is quite enough of these to be had suitable for every soil. Light, moist, peaty, or sandy soils, where such things as the sweet–scented Daphne Cneorum would spread forth19 its dwarf cushions, would be somewhat more desirable than, say, a stiff clay; but for every position suitable plants might be found. Look, for example, at what we could do with the dwarf–green Iberises, Helianthemums, Aubrietias, Arabises, Alyssums, dwarf shrubs, and little conifers like the creeping Cedar20 (Juniperus squamata), and the Tamarix–leaved Juniper, in spreading groups and colonies. All these are green, and would spread out into dense21 wide cushions, covering the margin, rising but little above the grass, and helping22 to cut off the formal line which usually divides margin and border. Behind them we might use other shrubs, deciduous23 or evergreen18, in endless variety; and of course the margin should be varied24 also as regards height.
In one spot we might have a wide–spreading tuft of the prostrate25 Savin pushing its graceful26 evergreen branchlets out over the grass; in another the dwarf little Cotoneasters might be allowed to form the front rank, relieved in their turn by pegged–down Roses; and so on without end. Herbaceous plants, that die down in winter and leave the ground bare afterwards, should not be assigned any important position near the front. Evergreen Alpine27 plants and shrubs, as before remarked, are perfectly28 suitable here; but the true herbaceous type, and the larger bulbs, like Lilies, should be in groups between spreading shrubs. By so placing them, we should not only secure a far more satisfactory general effect, but highly improve the aspect of the herbaceous plants[55] themselves. To carry out such planting properly, a little more time at first and a great deal more taste than are now employed would be required; but what a difference in the result! All that the well–covered borders would require would be an occasional weeding or thinning, and, in the case of the more select spots, a little top–dressing29 with fine soil. Here and there, between and amongst the plants, such things as Forget–me–nots and Violets, Snowdrops and Primroses30, might be scattered32 about, so as to give the borders interest even at the dullest seasons; and thus we should be delivered from digging and dreariness33, and see our once ugly borders alive with flowers. The chief rule should be—never show the naked earth: clothe it, and then allow the taller plants to rise in their own way through the turf or spray. Here is a little sketch34 of what is meant. A colony of the white Arabis carpets the ground in which strong hardy35 Lilies are growing; and the Lilies are pushing up their bold unfolding shoots. The latter are none the worse in winter for this light carpet of foliage36 over the border; and then for a long time in spring it is bedecked with white flowers. Indeed, in fairly good seasons it blooms in winter too. It would take a big[56] book to tell all the charms and merits belonging to the use of a variety of small plants to carpet the ground beneath and between those of larger growth. It need hardly be said that this argument against digging applies to two or three beds of shrubs, and places where the “shrubbery” is little larger than the dining–room, as much as to the large country seat, public park, or botanic garden.
There are great cultural advantages too, in leaving the whole of the leaves to nourish the ground and protect it from frost or heat. I append a note from a correspondent inquiring about what he supposes practical difficulties, and an answer to them:—
You draw a pretty picture of what a shrubbery border should be and how it should be kept in winter. There should be no digging, and the fallen leaves should be left. I fully37 agree, except as to the leaves. Theoretically, it seems quite right to allow the leaves to lie and decay amidst the surrounding plants, but in practice it does not answer. There are, for instance, in most gardens such things as slugs and snails38. These delight in a leafy covering, and, protected from frost by the shelter, will prey39 upon the perennial40 green leafage and the starting crowns of the herbaceous plants, and do an immense amount of mischief41. Then there are usually in gardens in winter, especially in hard weather, blackbirds and thrushes, which in their efforts to obtain food set all notions of tidiness at defiance42. A troop of fowls43 would hardly turn a flower border more topsy–turvy than would a few of these birds. The first storm that came would whirl the disturbed leaves all over the place, much to the disgust of the cultivator, and the hardy plants would find that the theory of a natural dressing of leaf manure44 had broken down. I detest45 the forking of borders so common in winter. A moderate stirring of the surface first with a two or three–tined rake is good, then a dressing of soot46 or guano, or both, and over all a thin surfacing of old pot soil, or the rough screened produce of the rubbish heap, or, in fact, any kind of refuse soil that may offer. I think that most cultivators will agree that such a plan would answer better than the natural, but very inoperative leaf–dressing.—A.
How do the swarming47 herbs of the woods and copses of the world exist in spite of the slugs? A good protection for them is hard gravel48 walks and paths, where they lay their eggs without danger. Against the door one may do what one likes, but not one leaf would I ever allow removed from a clump49 of shrubs or trees on my lawn or in my pleasure ground. I would prefer the leaves all over the place to a dug border, but I would, if need be, meet that difficulty by scattering50 a light dressing of soil over them. In what I should call a properly managed shrubbery or clump, with the bushes well spaced, and their branches resting on the ground, with low shrubs between, and evergreen and other herbs, there are natural impediments to the leaves rushing about in the way you suppose. This is a subject of the greatest interest and the utmost practical importance. Our annual digging[58] mutilation, scraping away of leaves, and exposing on bare sloppy51 borders plants that in Nature shelter each other, and are shielded from bitter frost and burning heat by layers of fallen leaves, gradually sinking into excellent light surface soil for the young roots, are ignorant and brutal52 practices that must be given up by all who really look into the needs of our hardy garden flora53.
With reference to this point, I print this letter from an observer of what goes on in the woods of New England. Our own woods are full of lessons, and so it is in all countries. Mr. Falconer’s letter is very suggestive of the revolution in method which must be carried out in the gardens of the future:—
I go into the woods in the spring time, and find them carpeted with Dog’s–tooth Violets, Wood Anemones55, blue and purple Hepaticas, Spring beauty, Trilliums, Blood–root, Star–flowers, False Solomon’s Seal, Gold Thread, trailing Arbutus, wild Ginger56, and a host of other pretty little flowers, all bright and gay, arising from their bed of decaying herbage and tree leaves, and many of them are in perfection, too, before a tree has spread a leaf; and thus they glow and revel57 in their cosy58 bed, fed and sheltered by their tree friends. When their petals59 drop and their leaves are mature, the trees expand their leafy canopy60 and save the little nurslings from the torture of a scorching61 sun. And early as the earliest, too, the outskirts62 of the woods and meadows with hosts of Violets are painted blue and white, and speckled everywhere with Bluets, or little Innocents, as the children call them. Woodsias, tiny Aspleniums, and other Ferns are unfolding their fronds63 along the chinks among the stones; the common Polypody is reaching over blocks and boulders64; and even the exposed rocks, with their rough and Lichen–bearded faces, are aglow65 in vernal pride. Every nook and cranny among them, and little mat of earth upon them are checkered66 with the flowery print of the Canada Columbine, the Virginia Saxifrage, and the glaucous Corydalis. But to the carpet. What can be prettier or more appropriate than the Partridge–berry (Mitchella repens), the Twin–flower (Linnæa borealis—does well with us), Creeping Winter Green (Gaultheria procumbens), Bearberry (Arctostaphylos Uva–Ursi), Cowberry (Vaccinium Vitis–idæa), Dwarf Cornel (Cornus canadensis), Fringed Polygala (P. paucifolia), the Common Pipsissewa (Chimaphila umbellata) with its shining deep green leaves, the Spotted67 Pipsissewa (C. maculata), the sombre–hued Pyrola and Galax, and that bright and easily–grown Club Moss68 (Lycopodium lucidulum)? Add to these such plants as Winter Aconite, Apennine Anemone54, Creeping Forget–me–not, and the like, together with a few of the most suitable kinds of the host of bulbous ornamental69 plants which we now possess, and our shrubbery carpets may be replete70 with garden jewels. It is now generally conceded that shrubs thrive better in beds whose surface is undisturbed than where it is annually71 loosened by digging or pointing. This, coupled with a yearly top–dressing of decayed leaf–soil or light rich vegetable heap compost, is equally beneficial for the shrubs and their carpet.
“One day last spring, when strolling through the Medford wood, I came upon an open meadow with a high bank—cleared timber land—on one side. Adown this bank in a rough and rocky course, came a little stream of water, bordered on both sides with streaks72 and patches of Blood–root in its gayest state. The large and showy blossoms, clasped erect73 in their own leaf–vases and sparkling in the sun, while the sward and other vegetation around were yet dormant74, had a cheerful influence indeed. True, near by in the hollow, the malodorous Skunk75 Cabbage was rank in leaf and flower, and the Indian Poke76 was rushing out its plaited, broadly oval leaves, and away in the streamlet a few Marsh77 Marigolds glittered on the water. But the Blood–root is neither an aquatic78 nor a bog79 plant, but most at home in the leaf–mould beds and linings80 of rich woodlands.”
“Hereabout, a little wild flower (Erythronium americanum) more commonly known as Dog’s–tooth Violet, is a charming plant, with variegated81 handsome leaves, and comely82 flowers in earliest spring. In low copses in rich deposits of vegetable[60] mould it grows around here in the utmost profusion83. In one place by the side of a wood is a sort of ditch, which is filled with water in winter but dry in summer, and wherein is collected a mass of leaf–soil. Here the Erythronium runs riot, and forms the densest84 kind of matted sod, all bespeckled with yellow blossoms before a bush or tree has spread a leaf. Then blackberry bushes get a growing and sprawling85 everywhere, the trees expand their leafy shade, and Grass and weeds grow up and cover the surface of the earth. But all too late for evil, the Adder’s–tongue’s mission for a year is ended; it has blossomed, matured, and retired86. The next densest mass I know of is in a low piece of cleared timber land, where, besides the profusion in the hollow, the carpet extends, thinner as it ascends87, for many yards up the slope of the hill. As garden plants they are at home anywhere, underneath88 bushes, or in any out of–the–way corner, merely praying to be let alone. But what I desire to urge is their naturalisation in your rich woodlands, where Anemones and Primroses, Buttercups and Violets, grow up and flower together.”
I cannot better conclude this chapter than by showing one of the most interesting aspects of vegetation I have ever seen.[1] It was in an ordinary shrubbery, forming a belt round a botanic garden. In the inner parts, hidden from the walk probably from want of labour, the digging had not been carried out for some years. Some roots of the common Myrrh (Myrrhis odorata), thrown out of the garden in digging, had rooted by accident and spread into a little colony. The plant grows freely in any soil. Among the graceful tufts of Myrrh were tall white Harebells, and the effect of these, standing[61] above the elegant spreading foliage of the Myrrh in the shade of the trees, was very beautiful. Note particularly that the front of the shrubbery in which this exquisite89 scene was discovered was as stiff and hideous90 as usual in winter—raw earth, full of mutilated roots, and shrubs cut in for the convenience and according to the taste of the diggers. The beds in the botanical arrangement near were ugly beyond description.
Longleat is one of the first places in which the idea of the wild garden was practically carried out and ably by the forester, Mr. Berry. With such a fine variety of surface and soil, the place naturally offers numerous positions in which the plants of other countries as cold or colder than our own could be naturalised, or so planted that they would increase and take care of themselves in the woods. A forester’s duties and opportunities are generally such as make it extremely difficult for him to carry out such an idea. To know the plants even that are likely to succeed is, in itself, a species of knowledge which every planter does not possess; however, the idea was clearly understood and carried out well, so far as possible in the face of rabbits, which are the great destroyers of almost all flowering ground vegetation. To get the necessary quantities of subjects necessitated a little nursery in which a sufficient number could be raised of the more vigorous perennials91, bulbs, and climbers. If this new idea in gardening be carried out on the old dotting principle of the herbaceous border, its great value and its charming effects cannot be realised. To do it rightly we must group and mass as Nature does. Though we may enjoy a single flower or tuft here and there, the true way is natural fringes and masses of plants, one or two species prevailing92 in a given spot; in that way we[62] may secure several important ends—distinct effects in different places, a variety as we walk along, and better means of meeting the wants of a plant, inasmuch as, dealing93 with a group, or mass, or carpet, we can best observe the result of our judgment94 in putting them in any soil or place. Therefore, although the quantity of vigorous hardy flowers essential for making good effects in a place of this size has not yet been planted out, some very charming effects have been obtained. Among the features that Mr. Berry is working to introduce are vigorous hardy exotic creepers on old and inferior trees, Thorn, and other bushes of little value. Many are already planted, but will be some time before they show their full beauty—among them Japanese and other Honeysuckles, Virginian Creepers, Clematis, Wistarias, and others. A part of the arboretum95 is more particularly devoted96 to this kind of decoration, and will eventually form a very wild wood and wild garden, where the Poet’s Narcissus may be found among Sweet Briers, Lilacs, and many kinds of fragrant–flowering shrubs and vigorous perennials. While carrying out the scheme of wild gardening, pure and simple, that is to say, the naturalisation of foreign hardy plants, opportunity has been taken to establish beautiful native kinds where they do not happen to be present in sufficient abundance. Thus the Lily of the Valley has been brought in quantities and planted in wide–spreading colonies along the drives, and so have the Meadow Saffron and the Snowflakes and Daffodils. To group and scatter31 these in a natural and easy way has required considerable care, the tendency of the men being invariably, and almost in spite of themselves, to plant in stiff and set or too regular masses.
Few things are more delightful97 to anybody who cares about hardy plants than naturalising the Lily of the Valley in pleasant spots about a country house. It is in every garden, of course, and very often so crowded and so starved that it seldom flowers well. A bare garden border is not so suitable for it as that in which it may be found in a thin wood, or in little openings in a copse, where it enjoys enough light, and gets shelter too. Frequently the fresh wood soil would be more welcome to it than the worn–out soil in a garden; also by planting it in various positions and soils, we may secure an important difference as regards blooming. In a cool woody place it would bloom ten days later than in an exposed warm garden border, and this difference could be increased by carefully selecting the position. Apart altogether from the wild garden and its charms, this difference in the time of blooming of the Lily of the Valley would be a great advantage to all who have to provide cut flowers, inasmuch as it would give them late bloom in plenty without trouble. However, giving reasons for the naturalisation of the Lily of the Valley is surely unnecessary. The only surprising[64] thing is that it has not been done to a large extent already, because it is so very easy and so very delightful. Recently a good many different varieties of Lily of the Valley—nearly as many as twenty—have been collected, and are beginning to be cultivated by some of our growers of herbaceous plants. The difference in these is not owing to soil or situation. When grown in the same place they manifest differences in length of spike98 and size of foliage; and also in time of blooming. In some the spike is short, and in others nearly one foot long. This important fact should, of course, be noted99 by any who would, in places where the Lily of the Valley does not grow wild, interest themselves in establishing it.
There are advantages in wood–culture for many hardy plants—the shelter, shade, and soil affording for some things conditions more suitable than our gardens. The warmth of the wood, too, is an advantage, the fallen leaves helping to protect the plants in all ways. In a hot country plants that love cool places could be grown in a wood where they would perish if exposed. Mr. G. F. Wilson has made himself a remarkably100 interesting and successful wild garden in a wood, from which he sent me in the autumn of last year (1880) a flowering stem of the American Swamp Lily (L. superbum) eleven feet high. No such result has ever been seen in any garden or border of the ordinary type. These Lilies of his grow in a woody bottom where rich dark soil has gathered, and where there is shelter and shade.
Placing every plant in one border with the same conditions as to soil and exposure was a great mistake. A great many beautiful plants haunt the woods, and we cannot change their nature easily. Even if we should grow them in open[65] places their bloom will not be so enduring as in the wood. A curious instance of the advantage of planting in a wood is at Bodorgan in Anglesey, where a much later bloom was gathered off a colony of the popular Hoteia japonica, owing to planting it in a cool wood. A little woodland planting may indeed be worth doing for the sake of a prolonged or later bloom, even from plants that thrive in sunny places.
Although three years have elapsed since the illustrations of this book were commenced, I regret to issue it without a satisfactory one showing the beauty which may be obtained in the orchard from flowers in the grass or fences around. In our orchard counties—pity it is that all our counties are not worthy102 of the name within the possibilities of their position and climate—one may now and then see a cloud of Daffodils or a tuft of Summer Snowflake, enough to suggest what happy places they would be for many bulbous flowers in the grass.
A Wild Orchard.
A correspondent of the “Garden” writes:—
After reading in the “Garden” of November 16, about the Bullace there named, and the Cranberries103, the idea struck me of adding unto our Orchard in Sussex “a wild Orchard,” with fruit trees such as follows, viz.—Quince, Medlar, Mulberry, Bullace, Crab104, Pyrus Maulei, Barberries, Blackberries (the large kinds for preserving), Filberts, and in a suitable place, Cranberries. All these, besides the interest of cultivating them, would yield fruit for preserving, etc. For instance, we have old–fashioned receipts for making an excellent Bullace cheese, Crab jelly, Quince jelly, etc. I venture to trouble you with a view to asking if[66] you can suggest any other similar fruit–bearing trees or shrubs, as we should like to carry out our idea well. Our house is in Sussex, between Midhurst and Haslemere.—C. S. R.
[An excellent idea! There are many fruits which could be grown this way that people do not usually give space to, and this applies to the varieties of cultivated fruits, as well as species that are never cultivated. The natural order to which most of our fruit trees belong contains many other species, not without merit as fruits, scattered throughout the temperate105 regions of the northern world. These trees and shrubs happen also to be most beautiful of flowering trees and shrubs in spring, and are well worthy of culture on that account alone. In Japan, North America, and even the continent of Europe, one frequently sees fruits that are never seen in our gardens; such fruits will be quite at home in the wild orchard. For the sake of growing one family of fruiting bushes alone—the fruiting brambles of America and other countries—a considerable piece of ground might be profitably devoted. Even amongst the English wild Blackberries there is considerable variety and a good deal of unrecognised merit. Such plants can only be grown fairly where there is considerable space. If so much beauty and interest, and even good fruit, may be found in one neglected family, it suggests how interesting the subject is when considered in relation to the great number of our hardy fruit trees and shrubs. A good feature of such a garden would be plantations of such Apples and Pears as are most remarkable106 for the beauty of their flowers and fruit, some being much more striking in that respect than others.]
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margin
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| n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘 | |
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plantations
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| n.种植园，大农场( plantation的名词复数 ) | |
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plantation
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| n.种植园，大农场 | |
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shrubs
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| 灌木( shrub的名词复数 ) | |
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relentlessly
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| adv.不屈不挠地；残酷地；不间断 | |
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embellished
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| v.美化( embellish的过去式和过去分词 )；装饰；修饰；润色 | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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sparse
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| adj.稀疏的，稀稀落落的，薄的 | |
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margins
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| 边( margin的名词复数 )； 利润； 页边空白； 差数 | |
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specimen
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| n.样本，标本 | |
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calamity
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| n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件 | |
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necessitated
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| 使…成为必要，需要( necessitate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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plunging
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| adj.跳进的，突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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grudge
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| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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dwarf
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| n.矮子，侏儒，矮小的动植物；vt.使…矮小 | |
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evergreens
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| n.常青树，常绿植物，万年青( evergreen的名词复数 ) | |
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evergreen
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| n.常青树；adj.四季常青的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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cedar
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| n.雪松，香柏(木) | |
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dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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helping
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| n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的 | |
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deciduous
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| adj.非永久的；短暂的；脱落的；落叶的 | |
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varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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prostrate
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| v.拜倒，平卧，衰竭；adj.拜倒的，平卧的，衰竭的 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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alpine
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| adj.高山的；n.高山植物 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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primroses
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| n.报春花( primrose的名词复数 )；淡黄色；追求享乐（招至恶果） | |
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scatter
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| vt.撒，驱散，散开；散布/播；vi.分散，消散 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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dreariness
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| 沉寂，可怕，凄凉 | |
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sketch
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| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
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hardy
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| adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的 | |
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foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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snails
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| n.蜗牛；迟钝的人；蜗牛( snail的名词复数 ) | |
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prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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perennial
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| adj.终年的；长久的 | |
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mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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43
fowls
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| 鸟( fowl的名词复数 )； 禽肉； 既不是这； 非驴非马 | |
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44
manure
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| n.粪，肥，肥粒；vt.施肥 | |
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45
detest
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| vt.痛恨，憎恶 | |
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46
soot
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| n.煤烟，烟尘；vt.熏以煤烟 | |
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swarming
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| 密集( swarm的现在分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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gravel
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| n.砂跞；砂砾层；结石 | |
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clump
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| n.树丛，草丛；vi.用沉重的脚步行走 | |
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scattering
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| n.[物]散射；散乱，分散；在媒介质中的散播adj.散乱的；分散在不同范围的；广泛扩散的；（选票）数量分散的v.散射(scatter的ing形式)；散布；驱散 | |
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51
sloppy
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| adj.邋遢的，不整洁的 | |
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52
brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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53
flora
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| n.(某一地区的)植物群 | |
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anemone
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| n.海葵 | |
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anemones
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| n.银莲花( anemone的名词复数 )；海葵 | |
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ginger
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| n.姜，精力，淡赤黄色；adj.淡赤黄色的；vt.使活泼，使有生气 | |
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revel
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| vi.狂欢作乐，陶醉；n.作乐，狂欢 | |
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cosy
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| adj.温暖而舒适的，安逸的 | |
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59
petals
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| n.花瓣( petal的名词复数 ) | |
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60
canopy
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| n.天篷，遮篷 | |
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61
scorching
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| adj. 灼热的 | |
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outskirts
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| n.郊外，郊区 | |
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fronds
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| n.蕨类或棕榈类植物的叶子( frond的名词复数 ) | |
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boulders
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| n.卵石( boulder的名词复数 )；巨砾；（受水或天气侵蚀而成的）巨石；漂砾 | |
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aglow
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| adj.发亮的；发红的；adv.发亮地 | |
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checkered
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| adj.有方格图案的 | |
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spotted
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| adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的 | |
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moss
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| n.苔，藓，地衣 | |
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ornamental
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| adj.装饰的；作装饰用的；n.装饰品；观赏植物 | |
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replete
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| adj.饱满的，塞满的；n.贮蜜蚁 | |
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annually
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| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
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streaks
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| n.（与周围有所不同的）条纹( streak的名词复数 )；（通常指不好的）特征（倾向）；（不断经历成功或失败的）一段时期v.快速移动( streak的第三人称单数 )；使布满条纹 | |
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erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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dormant
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| adj.暂停活动的；休眠的；潜伏的 | |
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skunk
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| n.臭鼬，黄鼠狼；v.使惨败，使得零分；烂醉如泥 | |
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poke
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| n.刺，戳，袋；vt.拨开，刺，戳；vi.戳，刺，捅，搜索，伸出，行动散慢 | |
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marsh
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| n.沼泽，湿地 | |
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aquatic
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| adj.水生的，水栖的 | |
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bog
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| n.沼泽；室...陷入泥淖 | |
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linings
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| n.衬里( lining的名词复数 )；里子；衬料；组织 | |
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variegated
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| adj.斑驳的，杂色的 | |
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comely
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| adj.漂亮的，合宜的 | |
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profusion
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| n.挥霍；丰富 | |
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densest
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| 密集的( dense的最高级 )； 密度大的； 愚笨的； （信息量大得）难理解的 | |
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sprawling
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| adj.蔓生的，不规则地伸展的v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的现在分词 )；蔓延；杂乱无序地拓展；四肢伸展坐着（或躺着） | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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ascends
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的第三人称单数 ) | |
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88
underneath
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| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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perennials
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| n.多年生植物( perennial的名词复数 ) | |
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prevailing
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| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
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dealing
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| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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arboretum
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| n.植物园 | |
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96
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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98
spike
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| n.长钉，钉鞋；v.以大钉钉牢，使...失效 | |
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99
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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100
remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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101
orchard
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| n.果园，果园里的全部果树，(美俚)棒球场 | |
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102
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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103
cranberries
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| n.越橘( cranberry的名词复数 ) | |
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104
crab
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| n.螃蟹，偏航，脾气乖戾的人，酸苹果；vi.捕蟹，偏航，发牢骚；vt.使偏航，发脾气 | |
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105
temperate
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| adj.温和的，温带的，自我克制的，不过分的 | |
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106
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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