Shortly after these events Sandy was restored to the bosom5 of the church, and, enfolded by its sheltering arms, was no longer tempted6 to stray from the path of rectitude, but became even a more rigid7 Methodist than before his recent troubles.
Tom Delamere did not call upon Clara again in the character of a lover. Of course they could not help meeting, from time to time, but he never dared presume upon their former relations. Indeed, the social atmosphere of Wellington remained so frigid8 toward Delamere that he left town, and did not return for several months.
Ellis was aware that Delamere had been thrown over, but a certain delicacy9 restrained him from following up immediately the advantage which the absence of his former rival gave him. It seemed to him, with the quixotry of a clean, pure mind, that Clara would pass through a period of mourning for her lost illusion, and that it would be indelicate, for the time being, to approach her with a lover's attentions. The work of the office had been unusually heavy of late. The major, deeply absorbed in politics, left the detail work of the paper to Ellis. Into the intimate counsels of the revolutionary committee Ellis had not been admitted, nor would he have desired to be. He knew, of course, in a general way, the results that it was sought to achieve; and while he did not see their necessity, he deferred10 to the views of older men, and was satisfied to remain in ignorance of anything which he might disapprove11. Moreover, his own personal affairs occupied his mind to an extent that made politics or any other subject a matter of minor12 importance.
As for Dr. Miller13, he never learned of Mr. Delamere's good intentions toward his institution, but regretted the old gentleman's death as the loss of a sincere friend and well-wisher of his race in their unequal struggle.
Despite the untiring zeal14 of Carteret and his associates, the campaign for the restriction15 of the suffrage16, which was to form the basis of a permanent white supremacy17, had seemed to languish18 for a while after the Ochiltree affair. The lull19, however, was only temporary, and more apparent than real, for the forces adverse20 to the negro were merely gathering21 strength for a more vigorous assault. While little was said in Wellington, public sentiment all over the country became every day more favorable to the views of the conspirators22. The nation was rushing forward with giant strides toward colossal23 wealth and world-dominion, before the exigencies24 of which mere3 abstract ethical25 theories must not be permitted to stand. The same argument that justified26 the conquest of an inferior nation could not be denied to those who sought the suppression of an inferior race. In the South, an obscure jealousy27 of the negro's progress, an obscure fear of the very equality so contemptuously denied, furnished a rich soil for successful agitation28. Statistics of crime, ingeniously manipulated, were made to present a fearful showing against the negro. Vital statistics were made to prove that he had degenerated29 from an imaginary standard of physical excellence30 which had existed under the benign31 influence of slavery. Constant lynchings emphasized his impotence, and bred everywhere a growing contempt for his rights.
At the North, a new Pharaoh had risen, who knew not Israel,—a new generation, who knew little of the fierce passions which had played around the negro in a past epoch32, and derived33 their opinions of him from the "coon song" and the police reports. Those of his old friends who survived were disappointed that he had not flown with clipped wings; that he had not in one generation of limited opportunity attained35 the level of the whites. The whole race question seemed to have reached a sort of impasse36, a blind alley37, of which no one could see the outlet38. The negro had become a target at which any one might try a shot. Schoolboys gravely debated the question as to whether or not the negro should exercise the franchise39. The pessimist40 gave him up in despair; while the optimist41, smilingly confident that everything would come out all right in the end, also turned aside and went his buoyant way to more pleasing themes.
For a time there were white men in the state who opposed any reactionary42 step unless it were of general application. They were conscientious43 men, who had learned the ten commandments and wished to do right; but this class was a small minority, and their objections were soon silenced by the all-powerful race argument. Selfishness is the most constant of human motives44. Patriotism45, humanity, or the love of God may lead to sporadic46 outbursts which sweep away the heaped-up wrongs of centuries; but they languish at times, while the love of self works on ceaselessly, unwearyingly, burrowing47 always at the very roots of life, and heaping up fresh wrongs for other centuries to sweep away. The state was at the mercy of venal48 and self-seeking politicians, bent49 upon regaining50 their ascendency at any cost, stultifying51 their own minds by vague sophistries52 and high-sounding phrases, which deceived none but those who wished to be deceived, and these but imperfectly; and dulling the public conscience by a loud clamor in which the calm voice of truth was for the moment silenced. So the cause went on.
Carteret, as spokesman of the campaign, and sincerest of all its leaders, performed prodigies54 of labor55. The Morning Chronicle proclaimed, in season and out, the doctrine56 of "White Supremacy." Leaving the paper in charge of Ellis, the major made a tour of the state, rousing the white people of the better class to an appreciation57 of the terrible danger which confronted them in the possibility that a few negroes might hold a few offices or dictate58 the terms upon which white men should fill them. Difficulties were explained away. The provisions of the Federal Constitution, it was maintained, must yield to the "higher law," and if the Constitution could neither be altered nor bent to this end, means must be found to circumvent59 it.
The device finally hit upon for disfranchising the colored people in this particular state was the notorious "grandfather clause." After providing various restrictions60 of the suffrage, based upon education, character, and property, which it was deemed would in effect disfranchise the colored race, an exception was made in favor of all citizens whose fathers or grandfathers had been entitled to vote prior to 1867. Since none but white men could vote prior to 1867, this exception obviously took in the poor and ignorant whites, while the same class of negroes were excluded.
It was ingenious, but it was not fair. In due time a constitutional convention was called, in which the above scheme was adopted and submitted to a vote of the people for ratification61. The campaign was fought on the color line. Many white Republicans, deluded63 with the hope that by the elimination64 of the negro vote their party might receive accessions from the Democratic ranks, went over to the white party. By fraud in one place, by terrorism in another, and everywhere by the resistless moral force of the united whites, the negroes were reduced to the apathy65 of despair, their few white allies demoralized, and the amendment66 adopted by a large majority. The negroes were taught that this is a white man's country, and that the sooner they made up their minds to this fact, the better for all concerned. The white people would be good to them so long as they behaved themselves and kept their place. As theoretical equals,—practical equality being forever out of the question, either by nature or by law,—there could have been nothing but strife67 between them, in which the weaker party would invariably have suffered most.
Some colored men accepted the situation thus outlined, if not as desirable, at least as inevitable68. Most of them, however, had little faith in this condescending69 friendliness70 which was to take the place of constitutional rights. They knew they had been treated unfairly; that their enemies had prevailed against them; that their whilom friends had stood passively by and seen them undone71. Many of the most enterprising and progressive left the state, and those who remain still labor under a sense of wrong and outrage72 which renders them distinctly less valuable as citizens.
The great steal was made, but the thieves did not turn honest,—the scheme still shows the mark of the burglar's tools. Sins, like chickens, come home to roost. The South paid a fearful price for the wrong of negro slavery; in some form or other it will doubtless reap the fruits of this later iniquity73.
Drastic as were these "reforms," the results of which we have anticipated somewhat, since the new Constitution was not to take effect immediately, they moved all too slowly for the little coterie74 of Wellington conspirators, whose ambitions and needs urged them to prompt action. Under the new Constitution it would be two full years before the "nigger amendment" became effective, and meanwhile the Wellington district would remain hopelessly Republican. The committee decided75, about two months before the fall election, that an active local campaign must be carried on, with a view to discourage the negroes from attending the polls on election day.
The question came up for discussion one forenoon in a meeting at the office of the Morning Chronicle, at which all of the "Big Three" were present.
"Something must be done," declared McBane, "and that damn quick. Too many white people are saying that it will be better to wait until the amendment goes into effect. That would mean to leave the niggers in charge of this town for two years after the state has declared for white supremacy! I'm opposed to leaving it in their hands one hour,—them's my sentiments!"
This proved to be the general opinion, and the discussion turned to the subject of ways and means.
"What became of that editorial in the nigger paper?" inquired the general in his blandest76 tones, cleverly directing a smoke ring toward the ceiling. "It lost some of its point back there, when we came near lynching that nigger; but now that that has blown over, why wouldn't it be a good thing to bring into play at the present juncture77? Let's read it over again."
Carteret extracted the paper from the pigeon-hole where he had placed it some months before. The article was read aloud with emphasis and discussed phrase by phrase. Of its wording there could be little criticism,—it was temperately78 and even cautiously phrased. As suggested by the general, the Ochiltree affair had proved that it was not devoid79 of truth. Its great offensiveness lay in its boldness: that a negro should publish in a newspaper what white people would scarcely acknowledge to themselves in secret was much as though a Russian moujik or a German peasant should rush into print to question the divine right of the Lord's Anointed. The article was racial lèse-majesté in the most aggravated80 form. A peg81 was needed upon which to hang a coup82 d'état, and this editorial offered the requisite83 opportunity. It was unanimously decided to republish the obnoxious84 article, with comment adapted to fire the inflammable Southern heart and rouse it against any further self-assertion of the negroes in politics or elsewhere.
"The time is ripe!" exclaimed McBane. "In a month we can have the niggers so scared that they won't dare stick their heads out of doors on 'lection day."
"I wonder," observed the general thoughtfully, after this conclusion had been reached, "if we couldn't have Jerry fetch us some liquor?"
Jerry appeared in response to the usual summons. The general gave him the money, and ordered three Calhoun cocktails85. When Jerry returned with the glasses on a tray, the general observed him with pointed34 curiosity.
"What, in h—ll is the matter with you, Jerry? Your black face is splotched with brown and yellow patches, and your hair shines as though you had fallen head-foremost into a firkin of butter. What's the matter with you?"
"Nothin', suh, nothin'," he stammered87. "It's—it's jes' somethin' I be'n puttin' on my hair, suh, ter improve de quality, suh."
"Jerry," returned the general, bending a solemn look upon the porter, "you have been playing with edged tools, and your days are numbered. You have been reading the Afro-American Banner."
He shook open the paper, which he had retained in his hand, and read from one of the advertisements:—
"'Kinky, curly hair made straight in two applications. Dark skins lightened two shades; mulattoes turned perfectly53 white.'
"This stuff is rank poison, Jerry," continued the general with a mock solemnity which did not impose upon Jerry, who nevertheless listened with an air of great alarm. He suspected that the general was making fun of him; but he also knew that the general would like to think that Jerry believed him in earnest; and to please the white folks was Jerry's consistent aim in life. "I can see the signs of decay in your face, and your hair will all fall out in a week or two at the latest,—mark my words!"
McBane had listened to this pleasantry with a sardonic88 sneer89. It was a waste of valuable time. To Carteret it seemed in doubtful taste. These grotesque90 advertisements had their tragic91 side. They were proof that the negroes had read the handwriting on the wall. These pitiful attempts to change their physical characteristics were an acknowledgment, on their own part, that the negro was doomed92, and that the white man was to inherit the earth and hold all other races under his heel. For, as the months had passed, Carteret's thoughts, centring more and more upon the negro, had led him farther and farther, until now he was firmly convinced that there was no permanent place for the negro in the United States, if indeed anywhere in the world, except under the ground. More pathetic even than Jerry's efforts to escape from the universal doom93 of his race was his ignorance that even if he could, by some strange alchemy, bleach94 his skin and straighten his hair, there would still remain, underneath95 it all, only the unbleached darky,—the ass1 in the lion's skin.
When the general had finished his facetious96 lecture, Jerry backed out of the room shamefacedly, though affecting a greater confusion than he really felt. Jerry had not reasoned so closely as Carteret, but he had realized that it was a distinct advantage to be white,—an advantage which white people had utilized97 to secure all the best things in the world; and he had entertained the vague hope that by changing his complexion98 he might share this prerogative99. While he suspected the general's sincerity100, he nevertheless felt a little apprehensive101 lest the general's prediction about the effects of the face-bleach and other preparations might prove true,—the general was a white gentleman and ought to know,—and decided to abandon their use.
This purpose was strengthened by his next interview with the major. When Carteret summoned him, an hour later, after the other gentlemen had taken their leave, Jerry had washed his head thoroughly102 and there remained no trace of the pomade. An attempt to darken the lighter103 spots in his cuticle104 by the application of printer's ink had not proved equally successful,—the retouching left the spots as much too dark as they had formerly105 been too light.
"Jerry," said Carteret sternly, "when I hired you to work for the Chronicle, you were black. The word 'negro' means 'black.' The best negro is a black negro, of the pure type, as it came from the hand of God. If you wish to get along well with the white people, the blacker you are the better,—white people do not like negroes who want to be white. A man should be content to remain as God made him and where God placed him. So no more of this nonsense. Are you going to vote at the next election?"
"What would you 'vise me ter do, suh?" asked Jerry cautiously.
"I do not advise you. You ought to have sense enough to see where your own interests lie. I put it to you whether you cannot trust yourself more safely in the hands of white gentlemen, who are your true friends, than in the hands of ignorant and purchasable negroes and unscrupulous white scoundrels?"
"Dere's no doubt about it, suh," assented106 Jerry, with a vehemence107 proportioned to his desire to get back into favor. "I ain' gwine ter have nothin' ter do wid de 'lection, suh! Ef I don' vote, I kin4 keep my job, can't I, suh?"
The major eyed Jerry with an air of supreme108 disgust. What could be expected of a race so utterly109 devoid of tact110? It seemed as though this negro thought a white gentleman might want to bribe111 him to remain away from the polls; and the negro's willingness to accept the imaginary bribe demonstrated the venal nature of the colored race,—its entire lack of moral principle!
"You will retain your place, Jerry," he said severely112, "so long as you perform your duties to my satisfaction and behave yourself properly."
With this grandiloquent113 subterfuge114 Carteret turned to his next article on white supremacy. Jerry did not delude62 himself with any fine-spun sophistry115. He knew perfectly well that he held his job upon the condition that he stayed away from the polls at the approaching election. Jerry was a fool—
"The world of fools hath such a store,
That he who would not see an ass,
Must stay at home and shut his door
And break his looking-glass."
Jerry was not all kinds of a fool.
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1
ass
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| n.驴；傻瓜，蠢笨的人 | |
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loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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kin
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| n.家族，亲属，血缘关系；adj.亲属关系的，同类的 | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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6
tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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7
rigid
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| adj.严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的 | |
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8
frigid
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| adj.寒冷的，凛冽的；冷淡的；拘禁的 | |
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delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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10
deferred
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| adj.延期的，缓召的v.拖延，延缓，推迟( defer的过去式和过去分词 )；服从某人的意愿，遵从 | |
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disapprove
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| v.不赞成，不同意，不批准 | |
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minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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13
miller
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| n.磨坊主 | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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restriction
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| n.限制，约束 | |
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suffrage
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| n.投票，选举权，参政权 | |
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supremacy
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| n.至上；至高权力 | |
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18
languish
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| vi.变得衰弱无力，失去活力，（植物等）凋萎 | |
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lull
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| v.使安静，使入睡，缓和，哄骗；n.暂停，间歇 | |
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adverse
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| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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conspirators
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| n.共谋者，阴谋家( conspirator的名词复数 ) | |
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colossal
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| adj.异常的，庞大的 | |
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exigencies
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| n.急切需要 | |
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ethical
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| adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的 | |
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justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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degenerated
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| 衰退，堕落，退化( degenerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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benign
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| adj.善良的，慈祥的；良性的，无危险的 | |
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epoch
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| n.(新)时代；历元 | |
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derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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impasse
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| n.僵局；死路 | |
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alley
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| n.小巷，胡同；小径，小路 | |
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outlet
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| n.出口/路；销路；批发商店；通风口；发泄 | |
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franchise
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| n.特许，特权，专营权，特许权 | |
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pessimist
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| n.悲观者；悲观主义者；厌世 | |
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optimist
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| n.乐观的人，乐观主义者 | |
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reactionary
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| n.反动者，反动主义者；adj.反动的，反动主义的，反对改革的 | |
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conscientious
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| adj.审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的 | |
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motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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patriotism
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| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
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sporadic
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| adj.偶尔发生的 [反]regular；分散的 | |
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burrowing
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| v.挖掘（洞穴），挖洞( burrow的现在分词 )；翻寻 | |
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venal
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| adj.唯利是图的，贪脏枉法的 | |
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bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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regaining
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| 复得( regain的现在分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地 | |
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stultifying
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| v.使成为徒劳，使变得无用( stultify的现在分词 ) | |
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sophistries
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| n.诡辩术( sophistry的名词复数 )；（一次）诡辩 | |
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53
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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prodigies
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| n.奇才，天才（尤指神童）( prodigy的名词复数 ) | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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56
doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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57
appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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dictate
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| v.口授；(使)听写；指令，指示，命令 | |
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59
circumvent
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| vt.环绕，包围；对…用计取胜，智胜 | |
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restrictions
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| 约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则） | |
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ratification
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| n.批准，认可 | |
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delude
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| vt.欺骗；哄骗 | |
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deluded
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| v.欺骗，哄骗( delude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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64
elimination
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| n.排除，消除，消灭 | |
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65
apathy
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| n.漠不关心，无动于衷；冷淡 | |
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66
amendment
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| n.改正，修正，改善，修正案 | |
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strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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condescending
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| adj.谦逊的,故意屈尊的 | |
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friendliness
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| n.友谊，亲切，亲密 | |
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undone
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| a.未做完的，未完成的 | |
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outrage
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| n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒 | |
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iniquity
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| n.邪恶；不公正 | |
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coterie
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| n.(有共同兴趣的)小团体，小圈子 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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blandest
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| adj.（食物）淡而无味的( bland的最高级 )；平和的；温和的；无动于衷的 | |
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juncture
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| n.时刻，关键时刻，紧要关头 | |
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temperately
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| adv.节制地，适度地 | |
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devoid
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| adj.全无的，缺乏的 | |
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aggravated
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| 使恶化( aggravate的过去式和过去分词 )； 使更严重； 激怒； 使恼火 | |
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peg
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| n.木栓，木钉；vt.用木钉钉，用短桩固定 | |
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coup
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| n.政变；突然而成功的行动 | |
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83
requisite
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| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
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84
obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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85
cocktails
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| n.鸡尾酒( cocktail的名词复数 )；餐前开胃菜；混合物 | |
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inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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87
stammered
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| v.结巴地说出( stammer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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88
sardonic
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| adj.嘲笑的，冷笑的，讥讽的 | |
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sneer
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| v.轻蔑；嘲笑；n.嘲笑，讥讽的言语 | |
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grotesque
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| adj.怪诞的，丑陋的；n.怪诞的图案，怪人（物） | |
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tragic
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| adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的 | |
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doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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bleach
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| vt.使漂白；vi.变白；n.漂白剂 | |
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underneath
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| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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facetious
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| adj.轻浮的，好开玩笑的 | |
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utilized
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| v.利用，使用( utilize的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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prerogative
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| n.特权 | |
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100
sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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101
apprehensive
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| adj.担心的，恐惧的，善于领会的 | |
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102
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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103
lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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cuticle
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| n.表皮 | |
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formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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assented
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| 同意，赞成( assent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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vehemence
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| n.热切；激烈；愤怒 | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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110
tact
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| n.机敏，圆滑，得体 | |
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111
bribe
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| n.贿赂；v.向…行贿，买通 | |
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112
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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113
grandiloquent
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| adj.夸张的 | |
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114
subterfuge
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| n.诡计；藉口 | |
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115
sophistry
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| n.诡辩 | |
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116
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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117
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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