Book 6 Chapter 6

DURING THE FIRST PART of his stay in Petersburg, Prince Andrey found all the habits of thought he had formed in his solitary¹ life completely obscured by the trifling² cares which engrossed³ him in Petersburg.

In the evening on returning home he noted⁴ down in his memorandum-book four or five unavoidable visits or appointments for fixed⁵ hours. The mechanism⁶ of life, the arrangement of his day, so as to be in time everywhere, absorbed the greater part of his vital energy. He did nothing, thought of nothing even, and had no time to think, but only talked, and talked successfully, of what he had had time to think about in the past in the country.

He sometimes noticed with dissatisfaction that it happened to him to repeat the same remarks on the same day to different audiences. But he was so busy for whole days together that he had no time to reflect that he was thinking of nothing. Just as at their first meeting at Kotchubey's, Speransky had a long and confidential⁸ talk with Prince Andrey on Wednesday at his own home, where he received Bolkonsky alone and made a great impression on him.

Prince Andrey regarded the immense mass of men as contemptible⁹ and worthless creatures, and he had such a longing¹⁰ to find in some other man the living pattern of that perfection after which he strove himself, that he was ready to believe that in Speransky he had found this ideal of a perfectly¹¹ rational and virtuous¹² man. Had Speransky belonged to the same world as Prince Andrey, had he been of the same breeding and moral traditions, Bolkonsky would soon have detected the weak, human, unheroic sides of his character; but this logical turn of mind was strange to him and inspired him with the more respect from his not fully⁷ understanding it. Besides this, Speransky, either because he appreciated Prince Andrey's abilities or because he thought it as well to secure his adherence¹³, showed off his calm, impartial¹⁴ sagacity before Prince Andrey, and flattered him with that delicate flattery that goes hand in hand with conceit¹⁵, and consists in a tacit assumption that one's companion and oneself are the only people capable of understanding all the folly¹⁶ of the rest of the world and the sagacity and profundity¹⁷ of their own ideas.

In the course of their long conversation on Wednesday evening Speransky said more than once: “Among us everything that is out of the common rut of tradition is looked at,” … or with a smile: “But we want the wolves to be well fed and the sheep to be unhurt.” … or: “They can't grasp that” … and always with an expression that said. “We, you and I, we understand what they are and who we are.”

This first long conversation with Speransky only strengthened the feeling with which Prince Andrey had seen him for the first time. He saw in him a man of vast intellect and sober, accurate judgment¹⁸, who had attained¹⁹ power by energy and persistence²⁰, and was using it for the good of Russia only. In Prince Andrey's eyes Speransky was precisely²¹ the man—finding a rational explanation for all the phenomena²² of life, recognising as of importance only what was rational and capable of applying the standard of reason to everything—that he would have liked to be himself. Everything took a form so simple, so clear in Speransky's exposition of it that Prince Andrey could not help agreeing with him on every subject. If he argued and raised objections it was simply with the express object of being independent and not being entirely²³ swayed by Speransky's ideas. Everything was right, everything was as it should be, yet one thing disconcerted Prince Andrey. That was the cold, mirror-like eye of Speransky, which seemed to refuse all admittance to his soul, and his flabby, white hand, at which Prince Andrey instinctively²⁴ looked, as one usually does look at the hands of men who have power. That mirror-like eye and that flabby hand vaguely²⁵ irritated Prince Andrey. He was disagreeably struck too by the excessive contempt for other people that he observed in Speransky, and by the variety of the lines of argument he employed in support of his views. He made use of every possible weapon of thought, except analogy, and his transitions from one line of defence to another seemed to Prince Andrey too violent. At one time he took his stand as a practical man and found fault with idealists, then he took a satirical line and jeered²⁶ sarcastically²⁷ at his opponents, then maintained a strictly²⁸ logical position, or flew off into the domain²⁹ of metaphysics. (This last resource was one he was particularly fond of using in argument.) He raised the question into the loftiest region of metaphysics, passed to definitions of space, of time, and of thought, and carrying off arguments to confute his opponent, descended³⁰ again to the plane of the original discussion. What impressed Prince Andrey as the leading characteristic of Speransky's mind was his unhesitating, unmovable faith in the power and authority of the reason. It was plain that Speransky's brain could never admit the idea—so common with Prince Andrey—that one can never after all express all one thinks. It had never occurred to him to doubt whether all he thought and all he believed might not be meaningless nonsense. And that peculiarity³¹ of Speransky's mind was what attracted Prince Andrey most.

During the first period of his acquaintance with Speransky, Prince Andrey had a passionate³² and enthusiastic admiration³³ for him, akin³⁴ to what he had once felt for Bonaparte. The very fact that Speransky was the son of a priest, which enabled many foolish persons to regard him with vulgar contempt, as a member of a despised class, made Prince Andrey peculiarly delicate in dealing³⁵ with his own feeling for Speransky and unconsciously strengthened it in him.

On that first evening that Bolkonsky spent with him, they talked of the commission for the revision of the legal code; and Speransky described ironically to Prince Andrey how the commission had been sitting for one hundred and fifty years, had cost millions, and had done nothing, and how Rosenkampf had pasted labels on all the various legislative³⁶ codes.

“And that's all the state has got for the millions it has spent!” said he. “We want to give new judicial³⁷ powers to the Senate, and we have no laws. That's why it is a sin for men like you, prince, not to be in the government.”

Prince Andrey observed that some education in jurisprudence was necessary for such work, and that he had none.

“But no one has, so what would you have? It's a circulus viciosus, which one must force some way out of.”

Within a week Prince Andrey was a member of the committee for the reconstruction³⁸ of the army regulations, and—a thing he would never have expected—he was also chairman of a section of the commission for the revision of the legal code. At Speransky's request he took the first part of the civil code under revision; and with the help of the Napoleonic Code and the Code of Justinian he worked at the revision of the section on Personal Rights.

在彼得堡逗留期间，起初安德烈公爵感到，在彼得堡市他因琐事纷冗，这就把他在孤独的生活中形成的一大堆想法全弄模糊了。

晚上回家时，他在记事手册中记下四五次必须出席的拜会，或者是定出时间的rendez－vous①。机械的生活、一日的时间的安排（务求随时随地准时办理应办的事情），耗费了他的大部分精力。他无所事事，甚至不思忖任何事情，而且也没有工夫去思忖，只是一味地叙述，巧妙地叙述他昔日在农村里深思熟虑的事情。

①法语：约会。

他有时不满意地发觉，在同一天他在不同的交际场合反复地叙述同一件事情。但是他整天忙忙碌碌，以致于没有工夫来考虑他丝毫没有想到的事情。

嗣后于周三，斯佩兰斯基在自己家中单独地接待博尔孔斯基，这次接见也像在科丘别伊家里初次和他会面那样，斯佩兰斯基坦率地和他谈了很久的话，给安德烈公爵留下了强烈的印象。

安德烈公爵认为大多数人都是可鄙而渺小的人物，他很想在他人身上发现他所渴求的真正的美德的典范，他轻易地相信，他在斯佩兰斯基身上发现了十分明智的有美德的人的典范。如果斯佩兰斯基出身于安德烈公爵那个社会阶层，具有同样的教养和道德品质，那么博尔孔斯基很快就会发现他这个非英雄人物的、普通人固有的弱点，但现今这个令他惊异的聪明人的气质，因为未被他充分领会，所以更加引起了他的敬意。此外斯佩兰斯基是不是因为他器重安德烈公爵的才能，或者是因为他认为必须把他弄到自己手上来；所以斯佩兰斯基在安德烈公爵面前显示他那冷静而公正的理性，微妙地谄媚安德烈公爵，这种谄媚夹杂着过分的自信，即是说默认，只有对话人和自己才能理解所有其他人的愚昧，才能领会他那明智而深邃的思想。

礼拜三晚上，当他们长谈的时候，斯佩兰斯基不止一次地说：“大家都在观察我们的一切超出常轨的积习……”或者微笑着说：“不过，我们既要狼吃饱，又要羊不少……”或者说：“他们不能明白这一点……”总是流露出这样的表情，它仿佛在说：“我们就是：您和我，我们都了解，他们是什么人，我们是什么人。”

他头一次和斯佩兰斯基长谈，只会在安德烈公爵身上加强初次看见他时体会到的感觉。他认为他是一个富有理性的善于缜密思考的聪明绝顶的人，他以其全副精力和坚韧不拔的意志获得了权力，并用以仅为俄国谋求福利。斯佩兰斯基在安德烈公爵心目中是个这样的人：他能明智地说明生活中的各种现象，认为合理的现象才是真实的并善于应用理性的准则来衡量一切事物，他自己想要成为这样的人。斯佩兰斯基似乎将一切阐述得简单明了，以致安德烈公爵情不自禁地在各个方面赞同他的看法。若是他表示异议或者争论，那只是因为他想独树一帜，不想完全屈服于斯佩兰斯基的意见。这一切都是对的，一切都挺好，但是只有一点使安德烈公爵困惑不解，这就是斯佩兰斯基的目光——它显得冷漠、镜子一般清澈，使人无法洞察他的心灵，还有他那只洁白而柔嫩的手臂，安德烈公爵情不自禁地注视着它，就像人们通常观赏有权有势的人们的手臂那样。镜子般清澈的目光、这只又白又嫩的手臂不知怎的激怒了安德烈公爵。而且他发现斯佩兰斯基过分地蔑视他人，运用各种手法来论证自己的意见，这使安德烈公爵十分诧异，使他心里不高兴。除开不采用比喻而外，他采用了各种可以采用的思维手段，安德烈公爵仿佛觉得，他过分大胆地变换了一种又一种手段。他时而站在讲求实际的活动家的立场谴责幻想家，时而站在讽刺家的立场嘲笑自己的敌人，时而变得过分严谨，时而突然上升到形而上学领域（最后这一论证手段他尤为常用）。他把这一问题提到形而上学的高度，给空间、时间、思想下定义，从那里得出驳斥的论据，然后从上而下，又回到争论的范畴。

总的说来，使安德烈公爵感到惊讶的斯佩兰斯基的智慧的主要特点，是他对智慧的力量和合理性怀有无可置疑的坚定信念。由此可见，斯佩兰斯基的头脑中从来不会出现安德烈公爵认为平凡的思想，你毕竟不能表达你所想到的一切事情，也从来不会怀疑：我所想到的一切和我所相信的一切是否是无稽之谈？正是斯佩兰斯基这种特殊的思维方式最能引起安德烈公爵的注意。

安德烈公爵和斯佩兰斯基结识之初，他曾对他怀有强烈的钦佩感，如同以往他对波拿巴怀有的感情一样。斯佩兰斯基是牧师的儿子，一些愚昧的人可能会蔑视他这个替教堂跑腿的牧师的儿子，许多人都是这样的，正是这种情形迫使安德烈公爵特别珍视他对斯佩兰斯基的感情，而且不知不觉地在他内心深处加深了这种感情。

博尔孔斯基在斯佩兰斯基那里度过的头一个夜晚，斯佩兰斯基畅谈法律编辑委员会的情形，他带着讥讽的口气向他讲到，法律编辑委员会成立五十年，耗费资财几百万，毫无作为，只有罗森坎普夫在那比较法条文上贴了一张张标签。

“这就是国家花费几百万卢布所取得的全部成就啊！”他说道，“我们要赐予参政院以新的司法权，可是我们还没有法典。因此像您这种人，公爵，现在不应该不供职了。”

安德烈公爵说，干这项工作要受过法律教育，而他都没有这样的教育水准。

“谁也没有这样的教育水准，那您想怎么办呢？这是一个要费劲才能冲出去的circulus　uviciosus①。”

一星期以后，安德烈公爵竟当了军事条令编辑委员会委员，这是一件他根本意料不到的事，而且兼任法律编辑委员会中一个科的科长。根据斯佩兰斯基的要求，编辑民法第一部分，并且借助于Code　Napoléon和Justinian②，编写“人权”这一章的条文。

①法语：魔力圈。

②法语：《拿破仑法典》和《查士丁尼法典》。

1 solitary   

adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士

参考例句：

• I am rather fond of a solitary stroll in the country.我颇喜欢在乡间独自徜徉。
• The castle rises in solitary splendour on the fringe of the desert.这座城堡巍然耸立在沙漠的边际，显得十分壮美。

2 trifling   

adj.微不足道的；没什么价值的

参考例句：

• They quarreled over a trifling matter.他们为这种微不足道的事情争吵。
• So far Europe has no doubt, gained a real conveniency,though surely a very trifling one.直到现在为止,欧洲无疑地已经获得了实在的便利，不过那确是一种微不足道的便利。

3 engrossed   

adj.全神贯注的

参考例句：

• The student is engrossed in his book.这名学生正在专心致志地看书。
• No one had ever been quite so engrossed in an evening paper.没人会对一份晚报如此全神贯注。

4 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

5 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

6 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

7 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

8 confidential   

adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的

参考例句：

• He refused to allow his secretary to handle confidential letters.他不让秘书处理机密文件。
• We have a confidential exchange of views.我们推心置腹地交换意见。

9 contemptible   

adj.可鄙的，可轻视的，卑劣的

参考例句：

• His personal presence is unimpressive and his speech contemptible.他气貌不扬，言语粗俗。
• That was a contemptible trick to play on a friend.那是对朋友玩弄的一出可鄙的把戏。

10 longing   

n.（for）渴望

参考例句：

• Hearing the tune again sent waves of longing through her.再次听到那首曲子使她胸中充满了渴望。
• His heart burned with longing for revenge.他心中燃烧着急欲复仇的怒火。

11 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

12 virtuous   

adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的

参考例句：

• She was such a virtuous woman that everybody respected her.她是个有道德的女性，人人都尊敬她。
• My uncle is always proud of having a virtuous wife.叔叔一直为娶到一位贤德的妻子而骄傲。

13 adherence   

n.信奉，依附，坚持，固着

参考例句：

• He was well known for his adherence to the rules.他因遵循这些规定而出名。
• The teacher demanded adherence to the rules.老师要求学生们遵守纪律。

14 impartial   

adj.(in,to)公正的，无偏见的

参考例句：

• He gave an impartial view of the state of affairs in Ireland.他对爱尔兰的事态发表了公正的看法。
• Careers officers offer impartial advice to all pupils.就业指导员向所有学生提供公正无私的建议。

15 conceit   

n.自负，自高自大

参考例句：

• As conceit makes one lag behind,so modesty helps one make progress.骄傲使人落后，谦虚使人进步。
• She seems to be eaten up with her own conceit.她仿佛已经被骄傲冲昏了头脑。

16 folly   

n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话

参考例句：

• Learn wisdom by the folly of others.从别人的愚蠢行动中学到智慧。
• Events proved the folly of such calculations.事情的进展证明了这种估计是愚蠢的。

17 profundity   

n.渊博；深奥，深刻

参考例句：

• He impressed his audience by the profundity of his knowledge.他知识渊博给听众留下了深刻的印象。
• He pretended profundity by eye-beamings at people.他用神采奕奕的眼光看着人们，故作深沉。

18 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

19 attained   

（通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况）

参考例句：

• She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
• Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。

20 persistence   

n.坚持，持续，存留

参考例句：

• The persistence of a cough in his daughter puzzled him.他女儿持续的咳嗽把他难住了。
• He achieved success through dogged persistence.他靠着坚持不懈取得了成功。

21 precisely   

adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地

参考例句：

• It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
• The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。

22 phenomena   

n.现象

参考例句：

• Ade couldn't relate the phenomena with any theory he knew.艾德无法用他所知道的任何理论来解释这种现象。
• The object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。

23 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

24 instinctively   

adv.本能地

参考例句：

• As he leaned towards her she instinctively recoiled. 他向她靠近，她本能地往后缩。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He knew instinctively where he would find her. 他本能地知道在哪儿能找到她。 来自《简明英汉词典》

25 vaguely   

adv.含糊地，暖昧地

参考例句：

• He had talked vaguely of going to work abroad.他含糊其词地说了到国外工作的事。
• He looked vaguely before him with unseeing eyes.他迷迷糊糊的望着前面，对一切都视而不见。

26 jeered   

v.嘲笑( jeer的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The police were jeered at by the waiting crowd. 警察受到在等待的人群的嘲弄。
• The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down. 当那个拳击手被打倒时，人们开始嘲笑他。 来自《简明英汉词典》

27 sarcastically   

adv.挖苦地，讽刺地

参考例句：

• 'What a surprise!' Caroline murmured sarcastically.“太神奇了!”卡罗琳轻声挖苦道。
• Pierce mocked her and bowed sarcastically. 皮尔斯嘲笑她，讽刺地鞠了一躬。

28 strictly   

adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地

参考例句：

• His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
• The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。

29 domain   

n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围

参考例句：

• This information should be in the public domain.这一消息应该为公众所知。
• This question comes into the domain of philosophy.这一问题属于哲学范畴。

30 descended   

a.为...后裔的，出身于...的

参考例句：

• A mood of melancholy descended on us. 一种悲伤的情绪袭上我们的心头。
• The path descended the hill in a series of zigzags. 小路呈连续的之字形顺着山坡蜿蜒而下。

31 peculiarity   

n.独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖

参考例句：

• Each country has its own peculiarity.每个国家都有自己的独特之处。
• The peculiarity of this shop is its day and nigth service.这家商店的特点是昼夜服务。

32 passionate   

adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的

参考例句：

• He is said to be the most passionate man.据说他是最有激情的人。
• He is very passionate about the project.他对那个项目非常热心。

33 admiration   

n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕

参考例句：

• He was lost in admiration of the beauty of the scene.他对风景之美赞不绝口。
• We have a great admiration for the gold medalists.我们对金牌获得者极为敬佩。

34 akin   

adj.同族的，类似的

参考例句：

• She painted flowers and birds pictures akin to those of earlier feminine painters.她画一些同早期女画家类似的花鸟画。
• Listening to his life story is akin to reading a good adventure novel.听他的人生故事犹如阅读一本精彩的冒险小说。

35 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

36 legislative   

n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的

参考例句：

• Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
• Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。

37 judicial   

adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的

参考例句：

• He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
• Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

38 reconstruction   

n.重建，再现，复原

参考例句：

• The country faces a huge task of national reconstruction following the war.战后，该国面临着重建家园的艰巨任务。
• In the period of reconstruction,technique decides everything.在重建时期，技术决定一切。