Epilogue 1 Chapter 4

THE COMMOTION¹ among the peoples begins to subside². The waves of the great tempest begin to abate³, and eddies⁴ begin to be formed about the calmer surface where diplomatists are busy, fancying the calm is their work.

But all at once the quiet sea is convulsed again. The diplomatists imagine that they, their disagreements, are the cause of this fresh disturbance⁵; they look for wars between their sovereigns; the position seems insoluble. But the storm they feel brewing⁷ does not come from the quarter where they look for it. It rises again from the same starting point—Paris. The last backwash of the westward⁸ movement follows—the backwash which was to solve the seemingly inextricable diplomatic difficulties, and to put an end to the military unrest of the period.

The man who has devastated⁹ France comes back to France alone, with no project, and no soldiers. Any policeman can arrest him; but by a strange freak of chance no one does seize him, but all meet with enthusiasm the man they have been cursing but a day before, and will curse again within a month.

That man is needed for the last act winding¹⁰ up the drama.

The act is performed.

The last part is played. The actor is bidden to undress, and wash off his powder and paint; he will be needed no more.

And for several years this man, in solitude¹¹ on his island, plays his pitiful farce¹² to himself, intrigues¹³ and lies, justifying¹⁴ his conduct when a justification¹⁵ is no longer needed, and shows all the world what the thing was men took for power when an unseen hand guided it.

The stage manager, when the drama was over, and the puppet stripped, showed him to us.

“Look what you believed in! Here he is! Do you see now that it was not he but I that moved you?”

But blinded by the force of the movement men for long could not perceive that.

Even more coherence¹⁶ and inevitability¹⁷ is to be seen in the life of Alexander I., the personage who stood at the head of the counter-movement from east westward.

What was needed for the man who, to the exclusion¹⁸ of others, should stand at the head of that movement from the east westward?

There was needed a sense of justice, an interest in the affairs of Europe, but a remote one, not obscured by petty interests, a moral preeminence¹⁹ over his peers—the sovereigns of the time; there was needed a gentle and attractive personal character; there was needed too a personal grievance²⁰ against Napoleon. And all that is to be seen in Alexander I.; it was all prepared beforehand by the innumerable so-called chance circumstances of his previous life, by his education and the liberalism of the beginning of his reign⁶, and the counsellors around, and Austerlitz, and Tilsit, and Erfurt.

During the war in defence of the country this personage is inactive; he is not needed. But as soon as a general European war becomes inevitable²¹, at the given moment, he is in his place, and bringing the European peoples together he leads them to the goal.

The goal is reached. After the last war of 1815 Alexander finds himself at the highest possible pinnacle²² of human power. How does he use it?

While Napoleon in his exile was drawing up childish and lying schemes of the blessings²³ he would have showered on humanity if he had had the power, Alexander, the pacifier of Europe, the man who, from his youth up, had striven for nothing but the good of the people, the first champion of liberal reforms in his country, now when he seemed to possess the greatest possible power, and consequent possibility of doing good to his people, felt his work was done, and God's hand was laid upon him, and recognising the nothingness of that semblance²⁴ of power, turned from it, gave it up to despicable men, and men he despised, and could only say:

“Not to us, not to us, but to Thy Name! I too am a man like all of you; let me live like a man, and think of my soul and of God.”

Just as the sun and every atom of ether is a sphere complete in itself, and at the same time is only a part of a whole inconceivable to man through its vastness, so every individuality bears within it its own ends and yet bears them so as to serve general ends unfathomable by man.

A bee settling on a flower has stung a child. And the child dreads²⁵ bees, and says the object of the bee is to sting people. A poet admires the bee, sipping²⁷ honey from the cup of the flower, and says the object of the bee is to sip²⁶ the nectar of the flower. A beekeeper, noticing that the bee gathers pollen²⁸ and brings it to the hive, says that the object of the bee is to gather honey. Another beekeeper, who has studied the life of the swarm²⁹ more closely, says the bee gathers honey to feed the young ones, and to rear a queen, that the object of the bee is the perpetuation³⁰ of its race. The botanist³¹ observes that the bee flying with the pollen fertilises the pistil, and in this he sees the object of the bee. Another, watching the hybridisation of plants, sees that the bee contributes to that end also, and he may say that the bee's object is that. But the final aim of the bee is not exhausted³² by one or another, or a third aim, which the human intellect is capable of discovering. The higher the human intellect rises in the discovery of such aims, the more obvious it becomes that the final aim is beyond its reach.

All that is within the reach of man is the observation of the analogy of the life of the bee with other manifestations³³ of life. And the same is true with the final aims of historical persons and of nations.

各国之间的军事行动的波涛在岸边停息下来。大规模军事行动的浪潮退落下去，平静的海面上形成一个个漩涡。外交家们在漩涡里打转儿，并且以为是他们平息了军事活动。

但是，平静的大海突然又动荡起来。外交家认为这次风浪骤起是由于他们意见不合，他们预料各国君王之间又要发生战争，这种局势是无法解决的。但是他们觉得，这次风浪并非来自他们预料的方向。这次风浪仍旧来自运动的出发点——巴黎。来自西方的行动遇到了最后一次逆流。这股逆流必须解决外交上似乎无法解决的难题，结束这一时期的军事行动。

这个使法国遭到浩劫的人，没有施展任何阴谋手段，没带一兵一卒，只身回到了法国。每一个卫兵都可以逮捕他，但由于奇怪的偶然机遇，谁也没有抓他，大家还热烈地欢迎这个一天前他们还在咒骂、一月后他们还要咒骂的人。

这个人还要为最后一次集体行动辩护。

戏收场了，最后一个角色演完了。演员奉命卸装，洗去粉墨胭脂，再也用不着他了。

几年过去了。在这期间这个独处孤岛的人还自我欣赏着他自己演出的悲喜剧，在已经用不着为自己的行为辩护的时候，他还在耍诡计、说谎话为自己的行为辩护，并向全世界表明，人们看作是权势的东西不是别的，而是一只引导着他的无形的手。

戏收场了，演员卸装了，舞台监督把演员指给我们看。

“请看，你们相信的是什么吧！这就是他！过去使你们感情激动的并不是他，而是我，现在你们明白了吧？！”

但是，被这些行动的威力搞得头晕目眩的人们，很久都无法了解这一点。

至于亚历山大一世，这个领导自东向西的逆向军事行动的人，他的一生就显得有更大的连贯性和必然性。

这个挡住别人、领导这自东向西的军事活动的人，他需要什么呢？

需要正义感和对欧洲各项事务的关心，不是为微利所蒙蔽的关心，而是长远的关心；他需要在精神上超越于合作共事的各国君王；他要有温和而富有魅力的人品；需要有反对拿破仑的个人私仇。所有这一切亚历山大一世都具备，这一切是由他本人经历的无数偶然机会所造成的：譬如教育，自由主义的创举，周围的顾问以及奥斯特利茨战役、蒂尔西特会谈和埃尔富特会议。

在全民战争时期，这个人没有什么作为，因为用不着他。但一旦需要进行欧洲的全面战争，这个人就显露头角，得其所哉，他就能把欧洲各国联合起来，领导他们奔向目的地。

目的达到了。一八一五年最后一场战争结束后，亚历山大便处在个人可能达到的权力顶峰。他怎样运用他的权力呢？

亚历山大一世这个平定欧洲的人，从青年时代起就一心为自己的民族谋求福利，并在自己的祖国首先倡导自由主义改革，现在他似乎拥有最大的权力，因此能为民族谋求福利，而就在此时拿破仑在流放中竟还痴人说梦，拟订出儿戏般的虚假计划，扬言如他掌握政权，就能造福人类，这时亚历山大一世在完成他的使命后，感觉上帝的手在支配他，受到上帝启示，突然省悟到这种虚假的权力渺不足道，就摈弃这种权力，把它交给他所蔑视的小人。他只说：

“光荣的权力不属于我们，不属于我们，而属于你的圣名！”我也是一个人，和你们一样的人，让我像一个普通人那样生活，让我经常想到上帝和自己灵魂的纯洁吧！”

太阳和太空的每个原子都是自身完整的球形体，同时又是非常庞大的以致于人类无法理解的那个宇宙整体的一个原子。同样，每个人都有自己的目的，而这种目的又是为那人类无法理解的总目的服务的。

一只落在花上的蜜蜂蜇了一个孩子。孩子怕蜜蜂，说蜜蜂活着就是为了蜇人。诗人欣赏采花的蜜蜂，他就说蜜蜂吸蜜就是为了吸取花香。养蜂人看到蜜蜂采集花粉和蜜汁带回蜂房，于是就说，蜜蜂的目的是要采蜜。另一个养蜂人更仔细地研究了蜂群的生活，于是就说，蜜蜂采集花粉和蜜汁是为了养育幼蜂，供奉蜂王，目的是要传种接代繁衍种族。植物学家看到，蜜蜂飞来飞去把异株花粉带到雌蕊上，使雌蕊受粉，因此就认为蜜蜂活着是为了传送花粉。另一个植物学家考察植物的迁移，看见蜜蜂有助于这种迁移，于是这个新的考察者就可能说，这才是蜜蜂的目的。但蜜蜂的最终目的，并不限于这个、那个、第三个等等这些人类智慧所能揭示的目的。人类揭示这些目的的智慧越高，也就更加难以解释清楚，最终目的到底是什么。

人类所能了解的，只是观察到蜜蜂的生活和别的生活现象相对应的关系而已。对历史人物和各国人民的活动目的的理解，也是这样。

1 commotion   

n.骚动，动乱

参考例句：

• They made a commotion by yelling at each other in the theatre.他们在剧院里相互争吵，引起了一阵骚乱。
• Suddenly the whole street was in commotion.突然间，整条街道变得一片混乱。

2 subside   

vi.平静，平息；下沉，塌陷，沉降

参考例句：

• The emotional reaction which results from a serious accident takes time to subside.严重事故所引起的情绪化的反应需要时间来平息。
• The controversies surrounding population growth are unlikely to subside soon.围绕着人口增长问题的争论看来不会很快平息。

3 abate   

vi.(风势，疼痛等)减弱，减轻，减退

参考例句：

• We must abate the noise pollution in our city.我们必须消除我们城里的噪音污染。
• The doctor gave him some medicine to abate the powerful pain.医生给了他一些药，以减弱那剧烈的疼痛。

4 eddies   

（水、烟等的）漩涡，涡流( eddy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Viscosity overwhelms the smallest eddies and converts their energy into heat. 粘性制服了最小的旋涡而将其能量转换为热。
• But their work appears to merge in the study of large eddies. 但在大旋涡的研究上，他们的工作看来却殊途同归。

5 disturbance   

n.动乱，骚动；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调

参考例句：

• He is suffering an emotional disturbance.他的情绪受到了困扰。
• You can work in here without any disturbance.在这儿你可不受任何干扰地工作。

6 reign   

n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势

参考例句：

• The reign of Queen Elizabeth lapped over into the seventeenth century.伊丽莎白王朝延至17世纪。
• The reign of Zhu Yuanzhang lasted about 31 years.朱元璋统治了大约三十一年。

7 brewing   

n. 酿造, 一次酿造的量 动词brew的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• It was obvious that a big storm was brewing up. 很显然，一场暴风雨正在酝酿中。
• She set about brewing some herb tea. 她动手泡一些药茶。

8 westward   

n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西

参考例句：

• We live on the westward slope of the hill.我们住在这座山的西山坡。
• Explore westward or wherever.向西或到什么别的地方去勘探。

9 devastated   

v.彻底破坏( devastate的过去式和过去分词)；摧毁；毁灭；在感情上（精神上、财务上等）压垮adj.毁坏的；极为震惊的

参考例句：

• The bomb devastated much of the old part of the city. 这颗炸弹炸毁了旧城的一大片地方。
• His family is absolutely devastated. 他的一家感到极为震惊。

10 winding   

n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈

参考例句：

• A winding lane led down towards the river.一条弯弯曲曲的小路通向河边。
• The winding trail caused us to lose our orientation.迂回曲折的小道使我们迷失了方向。

11 solitude   

n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方

参考例句：

• People need a chance to reflect on spiritual matters in solitude. 人们需要独处的机会来反思精神上的事情。
• They searched for a place where they could live in solitude. 他们寻找一个可以过隐居生活的地方。

12 farce   

n.闹剧，笑剧，滑稽戏；胡闹

参考例句：

• They played a shameful role in this farce.他们在这场闹剧中扮演了可耻的角色。
• The audience roared at the farce.闹剧使观众哄堂大笑。

13 intrigues   

n.密谋策划( intrigue的名词复数 )；神秘气氛；引人入胜的复杂情节v.搞阴谋诡计( intrigue的第三人称单数 )；激起…的好奇心

参考例句：

• He was made king as a result of various intrigues. 由于搞了各种各样的阴谋，他当上了国王。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Those who go in for intrigues and conspiracy are doomed to failure. 搞阴谋诡计的人注定要失败。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

14 justifying   

证明…有理( justify的现在分词 )； 为…辩护； 对…作出解释； 为…辩解（或辩护）

参考例句：

• He admitted it without justifying it. 他不加辩解地承认这个想法。
• The fellow-travellers'service usually consisted of justifying all the tergiversations of Soviet intenal and foreign policy. 同路人的服务通常包括对苏联国内外政策中一切互相矛盾之处进行辩护。

15 justification   

n.正当的理由；辩解的理由

参考例句：

• There's no justification for dividing the company into smaller units. 没有理由把公司划分成小单位。
• In the young there is a justification for this feeling. 在年轻人中有这种感觉是有理由的。

16 coherence   

n.紧凑；连贯；一致性

参考例句：

• There was no coherence between the first and the second half of the film.这部电影的前半部和后半部没有连贯性。
• Environmental education is intended to give these topics more coherence.环境教育的目的是使这些课题更加息息相关。

17 inevitability   

n.必然性

参考例句：

• Evolutionism is normally associated with a belief in the inevitability of progress. 进化主义通常和一种相信进步不可避免的看法相联系。
• It is the tide of the times, an inevitability of history. 这是时代的潮流，历史的必然。

18 exclusion   

n.拒绝，排除，排斥，远足，远途旅行

参考例句：

• Don't revise a few topics to the exclusion of all others.不要修改少数论题以致排除所有其他的。
• He plays golf to the exclusion of all other sports.他专打高尔夫球，其他运动一概不参加。

19 preeminence   

n.卓越,杰出

参考例句：

• No one doubted the preeminence of my father in financial matters.我父亲在财务方面的杰出才能是不容置疑的。
• Japan had no such confidence in its cultural preeminence or diplomatic skill.日本对本国文化的卓越程度和自己的外交手腕都缺乏这种信心。

20 grievance   

n.怨愤，气恼，委屈

参考例句：

• He will not easily forget his grievance.他不会轻易忘掉他的委屈。
• He had been nursing a grievance against his boss for months.几个月来他对老板一直心怀不满。

21 inevitable   

adj.不可避免的，必然发生的

参考例句：

• Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
• The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。

22 pinnacle   

n.尖塔，尖顶，山峰；(喻)顶峰

参考例句：

• Now he is at the very pinnacle of his career.现在他正值事业中的顶峰时期。
• It represents the pinnacle of intellectual capability.它代表了智能的顶峰。

23 blessings   

n.（上帝的）祝福( blessing的名词复数 )；好事；福分；因祸得福

参考例句：

• Afflictions are sometimes blessings in disguise. 塞翁失马，焉知非福。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• We don't rely on blessings from Heaven. 我们不靠老天保佑。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

24 semblance   

n.外貌，外表

参考例句：

• Her semblance of anger frightened the children.她生气的样子使孩子们感到害怕。
• Those clouds have the semblance of a large head.那些云的形状像一个巨大的人头。

25 dreads   

n.恐惧，畏惧( dread的名词复数 )；令人恐惧的事物v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The little boy dreads going to bed in the dark. 这孩子不敢在黑暗中睡觉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A burnt child dreads the fire. [谚]烧伤过的孩子怕火（惊弓之鸟，格外胆小）。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

26 sip   

v.小口地喝，抿，呷；n.一小口的量

参考例句：

• She took a sip of the cocktail.她啜饮一口鸡尾酒。
• Elizabeth took a sip of the hot coffee.伊丽莎白呷了一口热咖啡。

27 sipping   

v.小口喝，呷，抿( sip的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• She sat in the sun, idly sipping a cool drink. 她坐在阳光下懒洋洋地抿着冷饮。
• She sat there, sipping at her tea. 她坐在那儿抿着茶。

28 pollen   

n.[植]花粉

参考例句：

• Hummingbirds have discovered that nectar and pollen are very nutritious.蜂鸟发现花蜜和花粉是很有营养的。
• He developed an allergy to pollen.他对花粉过敏。

29 swarm   

n.(昆虫)等一大群；vi.成群飞舞；蜂拥而入

参考例句：

• There is a swarm of bees in the tree.这树上有一窝蜜蜂。
• A swarm of ants are moving busily.一群蚂蚁正在忙碌地搬家。

30 perpetuation   

n.永存，不朽

参考例句：

• Are there some on going policies that encourage its perpetuation? 现在是否有一些持续的政策令这会根深蒂固？ 来自互联网
• Does the mental perpetuation exist? 存在心理的永恒吗？ 来自互联网

31 botanist   

n.植物学家

参考例句：

• The botanist introduced a new species of plant to the region.那位植物学家向该地区引入了一种新植物。
• I had never talked with a botanist before,and I found him fascinating.我从没有接触过植物学那一类的学者，我觉得他说话极有吸引力。

32 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

33 manifestations   

n.表示，显示（manifestation的复数形式）

参考例句：

• These were manifestations of the darker side of his character. 这些是他性格阴暗面的表现。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• To be wordly-wise and play safe is one of the manifestations of liberalism. 明哲保身是自由主义的表现之一。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》