THE Author, on a former occasion, declined giving the real source from which he drew the tragic1 subject of this history, because, though occurring at a distant period, it might possibly be unpleasing to the feelings of the descendants of the parties. But as he finds an account of the circumstances given in the Notes to Law’s Memorials, by his ingenious friend, Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq., and also indicated in his reprint of the Rev2. Mr. Symson’s poems appended to the Large Description of Galloway, as the original of the Bride of Lammermoor, the Author feels himself now at liberty to tell the tale as he had it from connexions of his own, who lived very near the period, and were closely related to the family of the bride.
It is well known that the family of Dalrymple, which has produced, within the space of two centuries, as many men of talent, civil and military, and of literary, political, and professional eminence4, as any house in Scotland, first rose into distinction in the person of James Dalrymple, one of the most eminent5 lawyers that ever lived, though the labours of his powerful mind were unhappily exercised on a subject so limited as Scottish jurisprudence, on which he has composed an admirable work.
He married Margaret, daughter to Ross of Balneel, with whom he obtained a considerable estate. She was an able, politic3, and high-minded woman, so successful in what she undertook, that the vulgar, no way partial to her husband or her family, imputed6 her success to necromancy7. According to the popular belief, this Dame8 Margaret purchased the temporal prosperity of her family from the Master whom she served under a singular condition, which is thus narrated9 by the historian of her grandson, the great Earl of Stair: “She lived to a great age, and at her death desired that she might not be put under ground, but that her coffin10 should stand upright on one end of it, promising11 that while she remained in that situation the Dalrymples should continue to flourish. What was the old lady’s motive12 for the request, or whether she really made such a promise, I shall not take upon me to determine; but it’s certain her coffin stands upright in the isle13 of the church of Kirklistown, the burial-place belonging to the family.” The talents of this accomplished14 race were sufficient to have accounted for the dignities which many members of the family attained15, without any supernatural assistance. But their extraordinary prosperity was attended by some equally singular family misfortunes, of which that which befell their eldest16 daughter was at once unaccountable and melancholy17.
Miss Janet Dalrymple, daughter of the first Lord Stair and Dame Margaret Ross, had engaged herself without the knowledge of her parents to the Lord Rutherford, who was not acceptable to them either on account of his political principles or his want of fortune. The young couple broke a piece of gold together, and pledged their troth in the most solemn manner; and it is said the young lady imprecated dreadful evils on herself should she break her plighted18 faith. Shortly after, a suitor who was favoured by Lord Stair, and still more so by his lady, paid his addresses to Miss Dalrymple. The young lady refused the proposal, and being pressed on the subject, confessed her secret engagement. Lady Stair, a woman accustomed to universal submission20, for even her husband did not dare to contradict her, treated this objection as a trifle, and insisted upon her daughter yielding her consent to marry the new suitor, David Dunbar, son and heir to David Dunbar of Baldoon, in Wigtonshire. The first lover, a man of very high spirit, then interfered21 by letter, and insisted on the right he had acquired by his troth plighted with the young lady. Lady Stair sent him for answer, that her daughter, sensible of her undutiful behaviour in entering into a contract unsanctioned by her parents, had retracted22 her unlawful vow23, and now refused to fulfil her engagement with him.
The lover, in return, declined positively24 to receive such an answer from any one but his mistress in person; and as she had to deal with a man who was both of a most determined25 character and of too high condition to be trifled with, Lady Stair was obliged to consent to an interview between Lord Rutherford and her daughter. But she took care to be present in person, and argued the point with the disappointed and incensed26 lover with pertinacity27 equal to his own. She particularly insisted on the Levitical law, which declares that a woman shall be free of a vow which her parents dissent28 from. This is the passage of Scripture29 she founded on:
“If a man vow a vow unto the Lord, or swear an oath to bind30 his soul with a bond; he shall not break his word, he shall do according to all that proceedeth out of his mouth.
“If a woman also vow a vow unto the Lord, and bind herself by a bond, being in her father’s house in her youth; And her father hear her vow, and her bond wherewith she hath bound her soul, and her father shall hold his peace at her: then all her vows31 shall stand, and every bond wherewith she hath bound her soul shall stand.
“But if her father disallow32 her in the day that he heareth; not any of her vows, or of her bonds wherewith she hath bound her soul, shall stand: and the Lord shall forgive her, because her father disallowed33 her.”— Numbers xxx. 2-5.
While the mother insisted on these topics, the lover in vain conjured34 the daughter to declare her own opinion and feelings. She remained totally overwhelmed, as it seemed — mute, pale, and motionless as a statue. Only at her mother’s command, sternly uttered, she summoned strength enough to restore to her plighted suitor the piece of broken gold which was the emblem35 of her troth. On this he burst forth36 into a tremendous passion, took leave of the mother with maledictions, and as he left the apartment, turned back to say to his weak, if not fickle37, mistresss: “For you, madam, you will be a world’s wonder”; a phrase by which some remarkable38 degree of calamity39 is usually implied. He went abroad, and returned not again. If the last Lord Rutherford was the unfortunate party, he must have been the third who bore that title, and who died in 1685.
The marriage betwixt Janet Dalrymple and David Dunbar of Baldoon now went forward, the bride showing no repugnance41, but being absolutely passive in everything her mother commanded or advised. On the day of the marriage, which, as was then usual, was celebrated42 by a great assemblage of friends and relations, she was the same — sad, silent, and resigned, as it seemed, to her destiny. A lady, very nearly connected with the family, told the Author that she had conversed44 on the subject with one of the brothers of the bride, a mere45 lad at the time, who had ridden before his sister to church. He said her hand, which lay on his as she held her arm around his waist, was as cold and damp as marble. But, full of his new dress and the part he acted in the procession, the circumstance, which he long afterwards remembered with bitter sorrow and compunction, made no impression on him at the time.
The bridal feast was followed by dancing. The bride and bridegroom retired47 as usual, when of a sudden the most wild and piercing cries were heard from the nuptial48 chamber49. It was then the custom, to prevent any coarse pleasantry which old times perhaps admitted, that the key of the nuptial chamber should be entrusted50 to the bridesman. He was called upon, but refused at first to give it up, till the shrieks51 became so hideous52 that he was compelled to hasten with others to learn the cause. On opening the door, they found the bridegroom lying across the threshold, dreadfully wounded, and streaming with blood. The bride was then sought for. She was found in the corner of the large chimney, having no covering save her shift, and that dabbled53 in gore54. There she sat grinning at them, mopping and mowing55, as I heard the expression used; in a word, absolutely insane. The only words she spoke56 were, “Tak up your bonny bridegroom.” She survived this horrible scene little more than a fortnight, having been married on the 24th of August, and dying on the 12th of September 1669.
The unfortunate Baldoon recovered from his wounds, but sternly prohibited all inquiries57 respecting the manner in which he had received them. “If a lady,” he said, “asked him any question upon the subject, he would neither answer her nor speak to her again while he lived; if a gentleman, he would consider it as a mortal affront58, and demand satisfaction as having received such.” He did not very long survive the dreadful catastrophe59, having met with a fatal injury by a fall from his horse, as he rode between Leith and Holyrood House, of which he died the next day, 28th March 1682. Thus a few years removed all the principal actors in this frightful60 tragedy.
Various reports went abroad on this mysterious affair, many of them very inaccurate61, though they could hardly be said to be exaggerated. It was difficult at that time to become acquainted with the history of a Scottish family above the lower rank; and strange things sometimes took place there, into which even the law did not scrupulously62 inquire.
The credulous63 Mr. Law says, generally, that the Lord President Stair had a daughter, who, “being married, the night she was bride in, was taken from her bridegroom and harled through the house (by spirits, we are given to understand) and afterward46 died. Another daughter,” he says, “was supposed to be possessed64 with an evil spirit.”
My friend, Mr. Sharpe, gives another edition of the tale. According to his information, ti was the bridegroom who wounded the bride. The marriage, according to this account, had been against her mother’s inclination65, who had given her consent in these ominous66 words: “Weel, you may marry him, but sair shall you repent67 it.”
I find still another account darkly insinuated68 in some highly scurrilous69 and abusive verses, of which I have an original copy. They are docketed as being written “Upon the late Viscount Stair and his family, by Sir William Hamilton of Whitelaw. The marginals by William Dunlop, writer in Edinburgh, a son of the Laird of Househill, and nephew to the said Sir William Hamilton.” There was a bitter and personal quarrel and rivalry70 betwixt the author of this libel, a name which it richly deserves, and Lord President Stair; and the lampoon71, which is written with much more malice72 than art, bears the following motto:
Stair’s neck, mind, wife, songs, grandson, and the rest, Are wry73, false, witch, pests, parricide74, possessed.
This malignant75 satirist76, who calls up all the misfortunes of the family, does not forget the fatal bridal of Baldoon. He seems, though his verses are as obscure as unpoetical, to intimate that the violence done to the bridegroom was by the intervention77 of the foul78 fiend, to whom the young lady had resigned herself, in case she should break her contract with her first lover. His hypothesis is inconsistent with the account given in the note upon Law’s Memorials, but easily reconcilable to the family tradition.
In all Stair’s offspring we no difference know,
They do the females as the males bestow79;
So he of one of his daughters’ marriages gave the ward40,
Like a true vassal80, to Glenluce’s Laird;
He knew what she did to her master plight19,
If she her faith to Rutherfurd should slight,
Which, like his own, for greed he broke outright81.
Nick did Baldoon’s posterior right deride82,
And, as first substitute, did seize the bride;
Whate’er he to his mistress did or said,
He threw the bridegroom from the nuptial bed,
Into the chimney did so his rival maul,
His bruised83 bones ne’er were cured but by the fall.
One of the marginal notes ascribed to William Dunlop applies to the above lines. “She had betrothed85 herself to Lord Rutherfoord under horrid86 imprecations, and afterwards married Baldoon, his nevoy, and her mother was the cause of her breach87 of faith.”
The same tragedy is alluded88 to in the following couplet and note:
What train of curses that base brood pursues, When the young nephew weds89 old uncle’s spouse90.
The note on the word “uncle” explains it as meaning “Rutherfoord, who should have married the Lady Baldoon, was Baldoon’s uncle.” The poetry of this satire91 on Lord Stair and his family was, as already noticed, written by Sir William Hamilton of Whitelaw, a rival of Lord Stair for the situation of President of the Court of Session; a person much inferior to that great lawyer in talents, and equally ill-treated by the calumny92 or just satire of his contemporaries as an unjust and partial judge. Some of the notes are by that curious and laborious93 antiquary, Robert Milne, who, as a virulent94 Jacobite, willingly lent a hand to blacken the family of Stair.
Another poet of the period, with a very different purpose, has left an elegy95, in which he darkly hints at and bemoans96 the fate of the ill-starred young person, whose very uncommon97 calamity Whitelaw, Dunlop, and Milne thought a fitting subject for buffoonery and ribaldry. This bard98 of milder mood was Andrew Symson, before the Revolution minister of Kirkinner, in Galloway, and after his expulsion as an Episcopalian following the humble99 occupation of a printer in Edinburgh. He furnished the family of Baldoon, with which he appears to have been intimate, with an elegy on the tragic event in their family. In this piece he treats the mournful occasion of the bride’s death with mysterious solemnity.
The verses bear this title, “On the unexpected death of the virtuous100 Lady Mrs. Janet Dalrymple, Lady Baldoon, younger,” and afford us the precise dates of the catastrophe, which could not otherwise have been easily ascertained101. “Nupta August 12. Domum Ducta August 24. Obiit September 12. Sepult. September 30, 1669.” The form of the elegy is a dialogue betwixt a passenger and a domestic servant. The first, recollecting102 that he had passed that way lately, and seen all around enlivened by the appearances of mirth and festivity, is desirous to know what had changed so gay a scene into mourning. We preserve the reply of the servant as a specimen103 of Mr. Symson’s verses, which are not of the first quality:
Sir, ’tis truth you’ve told.
We did enjoy great mirth; but now, ah me!
Our joyful104 song’s turn’d to an elegie.
A virtuous lady, not long since a bride,
Was to a hopeful plant by marriage tied,
And brought home hither. We did all rejoice,
Even for her sake. But presently our voice
Was turn’d to mourning for that little time
That she’d enjoy: she waned105 in her prime,
For Atropus, with her impartial106 knife,
Soon cut her thread, and therewithal her life;
And for the time we may it well remember,
It being in unfortunate September; .
Where we must leave her till the resurrection.
’Tis then the Saints enjoy their full perfection.
Mr. Symson also poured forth his elegiac strains upon the fate of the widowed bridegroom, on which subject, after a long and querulous effusion, the poet arrives at the sound conclusion, that if Baldoon had walked on foot, which it seems was his general custom, he would have escaped perishing by a fall from horseback. As the work in which it occurs is so scarce as almost to be unique, and as it gives us the most full account of one of the actors in this tragic tale which we have rehearsed, we will, at the risk of being tedious, insert some short specimens107 of Mr. Symson’s composition. It is entitled:
“A Funeral Elegie, occasioned by the sad and much lamented108 death of that worthily109 respected, and very much accomplished gentleman, David Dunbar, younger, of Baldoon, only son and apparent heir to the right worshipful Sir David Dunbar of Baldoon, Knight110 Baronet. He departed this life on March 28, 1682, having received a bruise84 by a fall, as he was riding the day preceding betwixt Leith and Holyrood House; and was honourably111 interred112 in the Abbey Church of Holyrood House, on April 4, 1682.”
Men might, and very justly too, conclude
Me guilty of the worst ingratitude113,
Should I be silent, or should I forbear
At this sad accident to shed a tear;
A tear! said I? ah! that’s a petit thing,
A very lean, slight, slender offering,
Too mean, I’m sure, for me, wherewith t’attend
The unexpected funeral of my friend:
A glass of briny114 tears charged up to th’ brim.
Would be too few for me to shed for him.
The poet proceeds to state his intimacy115 with the deceased, and the constancy of the young man’s attendance on public worship, which was regular, and had such effect upon two or three other that were influenced by his example:
So that my Muse116 ‘gainst Priscian avers117,
He, only he, WERE my parishioners;
Yea, and my only hearers.
He then describes the deceased in person and manners, from which it appears that more accomplishments118 were expected in the composition of a fine gentleman in ancient than modern times:
His body, though not very large or tall,
Was sprightly119, active, yea and strong withal.
His constitution was, if right I’ve guess’d,
Blood mixt with choler, said to be the best.
In’s gesture, converse43, speech, discourse120, attire121,
He practis’d that which wise men still admire,
Commend, and recommend. What’s that? you’ll say.
’Tis this: he ever choos’d the middle way
‘Twixt both th’ extremes. Amost in ev’ry thing
He did the like, ’tis worth our noticing:
Sparing, yet not a niggard; liberal,
And yet not lavish122 or a prodigal123,
As knowing when to spend and when to spare;
And that’s a lesson which not many are
Acquainted with. He bashful was, yet daring
When he saw cause, and yet therein not sparing;
Familiar, yet not common, for he knew
To condescend124, and keep his distance too.
He us’d, and that most commonly, to go
On foot; I wish that he had still done so.
Th’ affairs of court were unto him well known;
And yet meanwhile he slighted not his own.
He knew full well how to behave at court,
And yet but seldom did thereto resort;
But lov’d the country life, choos’d to inure125
Himself to past’rage and agriculture;
Proving, improving, ditching, trenching, draining,
Viewing, reviewing, and by those means gaining;
Planting, transplanting, levelling, erecting126
Walls, chambers127, houses, terraces; projecting
Now this, now that device, this draught128, that measure,
That might advance his profit with his pleasure.
Quick in his bargains, honest in commerce,
Just in his dealings, being much adverse129
From quirks130 of law, still ready to refer
His cause t’ an honest country arbiter131.
He was acquainted with cosmography,
Arithmetic, and modern history;
With architecture and such arts as these,
Which I may call specifick sciences
Fit for a gentleman; and surely he
That knows them not, at least in some degree,
May brook132 the title, but he wants the thing,
Is but a shadow scarce worth noticing.
He learned the French, be’t spoken to his praise,
In very little more than fourty days.
Then comes the full burst of woe133, in which, instead of saying much himself, the poet informs us what the ancients would have said on such an occasion:
A heathen poet, at the news, no doubt,
Would have exclaimed, and furiously cry’d out
Against the fates, the destinies and starrs,
What! this the effect of planetarie warrs!
We might have seen him rage and rave134, yea worse,
’Tis very like we might have heard him curse
The year, the month, the day, the hour, the place,
The company, the wager135, and the race;
Decry136 all recreations, with the names
Of Isthmian, Pythian, and Olympick games;
Exclaim against them all both old and new,
Both the Nemaean and the Lethaean too:
Adjudge all persons, under highest pain,
Always to walk on foot, and then again
Order all horses to be hough’d, that we
Might never more the like adventure see.
Supposing our readers have had enough of Mr. Symson’s woe, and finding nothing more in his poem worthy137 of transcription, we return to the tragic story.
It is needless to point out to the intelligent reader that the witchcraft138 of the mother consisted only in the ascendency of a powerful mind over a weak and melancholy one, and that the harshness with which she exercised her superiority in a case of delicacy139 had driven her daughter first to despair, then to frenzy140. Accordingly, the Author has endeavoured to explain the tragic tale on this principle. Whatever resemblance Lady Ashton may be supposed to possess to the celebrated Dame Margaret Ross, the reader must not suppose that there was any idea of tracing the portrait of the first Lord Viscount Stair in the tricky141 and mean-spirited Sir William Ashton. Lord Stair, whatever might be his moral qualities, was certainly one of the first statesmen and lawyers of his age.
The imaginary castle of Wolf’s Crag has been identified by some lover of locality with that of Fast Castle. The Author is not competent to judge of the resemblance betwixt the real and imaginary scenes, having never seen Fast Castle except from the sea. But fortalices of this description are found occupying, like ospreys’ nests, projecting rocks, or promontories142, in many parts of the eastern coast of Scotland, and the position of Fast Castle seems certainly to resemble that of Wolf’s Crag as much as any other, while its vicinity to the mountain ridge143 of Lammermoor renders the assimilation a probable one.
We have only to add, that the death of the unfortunate bridegroom by a fall from horseback has been in the novel transferred to the no less unfortunate lover.
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tragic
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| adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的 | |
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rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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politic
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| adj.有智虑的；精明的；v.从政 | |
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eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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imputed
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| v.把（错误等）归咎于( impute的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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necromancy
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| n.巫术；通灵术 | |
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dame
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| n.女士 | |
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narrated
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| v.故事( narrate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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coffin
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| n.棺材，灵柩 | |
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promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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plighted
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| vt.保证，约定（plight的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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plight
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| n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定 | |
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submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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interfered
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| v.干预( interfere的过去式和过去分词 )；调停；妨碍；干涉 | |
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retracted
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| v.撤回或撤消( retract的过去式和过去分词 )；拒绝执行或遵守；缩回；拉回 | |
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vow
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| n.誓(言)，誓约；v.起誓，立誓 | |
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positively
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| adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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incensed
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| 盛怒的 | |
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pertinacity
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| n.执拗，顽固 | |
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dissent
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| n./v.不同意，持异议 | |
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scripture
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| n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段 | |
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bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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vows
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| 誓言( vow的名词复数 )； 郑重宣布，许愿 | |
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disallow
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| v.不允许；拒绝 | |
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disallowed
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| v.不承认（某事物）有效( disallow的过去式和过去分词 )；不接受；不准；驳回 | |
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conjured
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| 用魔术变出( conjure的过去式和过去分词 )； 祈求，恳求； 变戏法； （变魔术般地） 使…出现 | |
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emblem
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| n.象征，标志；徽章 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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fickle
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| adj.(爱情或友谊上)易变的，不坚定的 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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calamity
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| n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件 | |
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ward
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| n.守卫，监护，病房，行政区，由监护人或法院保护的人（尤指儿童）；vt.守护，躲开 | |
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repugnance
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| n.嫌恶 | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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converse
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| vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反 | |
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conversed
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| v.交谈，谈话( converse的过去式 ) | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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46
afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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47
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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48
nuptial
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| adj.婚姻的，婚礼的 | |
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49
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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50
entrusted
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| v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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51
shrieks
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| n.尖叫声( shriek的名词复数 )v.尖叫( shriek的第三人称单数 ) | |
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52
hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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53
dabbled
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| v.涉猎( dabble的过去式和过去分词 )；涉足；浅尝；少量投资 | |
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54
gore
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| n.凝血，血污；v.（动物）用角撞伤，用牙刺破；缝以补裆；顶 | |
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55
mowing
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| n.割草，一次收割量，牧草地v.刈，割( mow的现在分词 ) | |
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56
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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57
inquiries
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| n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 )；疑问；探究；打听 | |
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58
affront
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| n./v.侮辱，触怒 | |
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59
catastrophe
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| n.大灾难，大祸 | |
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60
frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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61
inaccurate
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| adj.错误的，不正确的，不准确的 | |
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62
scrupulously
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| adv.一丝不苟地；小心翼翼地，多顾虑地 | |
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63
credulous
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| adj.轻信的，易信的 | |
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64
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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65
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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66
ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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67
repent
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| v.悔悟，悔改，忏悔，后悔 | |
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68
insinuated
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| v.暗示( insinuate的过去式和过去分词 )；巧妙或迂回地潜入；（使）缓慢进入；慢慢伸入 | |
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69
scurrilous
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| adj.下流的，恶意诽谤的 | |
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70
rivalry
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| n.竞争，竞赛，对抗 | |
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71
lampoon
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| n.讽刺文章；v.讽刺 | |
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72
malice
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| n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋 | |
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73
wry
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| adj.讽刺的；扭曲的 | |
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74
parricide
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| n.杀父母；杀亲罪 | |
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75
malignant
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| adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的 | |
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76
satirist
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| n.讽刺诗作者，讽刺家，爱挖苦别人的人 | |
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77
intervention
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| n.介入，干涉，干预 | |
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78
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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79
bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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80
vassal
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| n.附庸的；属下；adj.奴仆的 | |
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81
outright
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| adv.坦率地；彻底地；立即；adj.无疑的；彻底的 | |
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82
deride
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| v.嘲弄，愚弄 | |
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83
bruised
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| [医]青肿的，瘀紫的 | |
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84
bruise
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| n.青肿，挫伤；伤痕；vt.打青；挫伤 | |
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85
betrothed
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| n. 已订婚者 动词betroth的过去式和过去分词 | |
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86
horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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87
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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88
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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89
weds
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| v.嫁，娶，（与…）结婚( wed的第三人称单数 ) | |
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90
spouse
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| n.配偶(指夫或妻) | |
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91
satire
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| n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品 | |
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92
calumny
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| n.诽谤，污蔑，中伤 | |
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93
laborious
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| adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅 | |
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94
virulent
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| adj.有毒的，有恶意的，充满敌意的 | |
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95
elegy
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| n.哀歌，挽歌 | |
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96
bemoans
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| v.为（某人或某事）抱怨( bemoan的第三人称单数 )；悲悼；为…恸哭；哀叹 | |
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97
uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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98
bard
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| n.吟游诗人 | |
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99
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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100
virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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101
ascertained
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| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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102
recollecting
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| v.记起，想起( recollect的现在分词 ) | |
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103
specimen
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| n.样本，标本 | |
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104
joyful
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| adj.欢乐的，令人欢欣的 | |
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105
waned
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| v.衰落( wane的过去式和过去分词 )；（月）亏；变小；变暗淡 | |
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106
impartial
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| adj.(in,to)公正的，无偏见的 | |
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107
specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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108
lamented
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| adj.被哀悼的，令人遗憾的v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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109
worthily
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| 重要地，可敬地，正当地 | |
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110
knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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111
honourably
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| adv.可尊敬地，光荣地，体面地 | |
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112
interred
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| v.埋，葬( inter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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113
ingratitude
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| n.忘恩负义 | |
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114
briny
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| adj.盐水的；很咸的；n.海洋 | |
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115
intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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116
muse
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| n.缪斯（希腊神话中的女神），创作灵感 | |
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117
avers
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| v.断言( aver的第三人称单数 )；证实；证明…属实；作为事实提出 | |
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118
accomplishments
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| n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就 | |
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119
sprightly
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| adj.愉快的，活泼的 | |
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120
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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121
attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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122
lavish
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| adj.无节制的；浪费的；vt.慷慨地给予，挥霍 | |
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123
prodigal
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| adj.浪费的，挥霍的，放荡的 | |
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124
condescend
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| v.俯就，屈尊；堕落，丢丑 | |
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125
inure
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| v.使惯于 | |
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126
erecting
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| v.使直立，竖起( erect的现在分词 )；建立 | |
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127
chambers
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| n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅 | |
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128
draught
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| n.拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风；v.起草，设计 | |
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129
adverse
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| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
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130
quirks
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| n.奇事，巧合( quirk的名词复数 )；怪癖 | |
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131
arbiter
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| n.仲裁人，公断人 | |
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132
brook
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| n.小河，溪；v.忍受，容让 | |
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133
woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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134
rave
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| vi.胡言乱语；热衷谈论；n.热情赞扬 | |
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135
wager
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| n.赌注；vt.押注，打赌 | |
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136
decry
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| v.危难，谴责 | |
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137
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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138
witchcraft
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| n.魔法，巫术 | |
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139
delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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140
frenzy
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| n.疯狂，狂热，极度的激动 | |
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141
tricky
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| adj.狡猾的，奸诈的；(工作等)棘手的，微妙的 | |
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142
promontories
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| n.岬，隆起，海角( promontory的名词复数 ) | |
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143
ridge
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| n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭 | |
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