BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES
(a) Father Zossima’s Brother.
Beloved fathers and teachers, I was born in a distant province in the north, in the town of V. My father was a gentleman by birth, but of no great consequence or position. He died when I was only two years old, and I don’t remember him at all. He left my mother a small house built of wood, and a fortune, not large, but sufficient to keep her and her children in comfort. There were two of us, my elder brother Markel and I. He was eight years older than I was, of hasty, irritable2 temperament3, but kind-hearted and never ironical4. He was remarkably5 silent, especially at home with me, his mother, and the servants. He did well at school, but did not get on with his school-fellows, though he never quarrelled, at least so my mother has told me. Six months before his death, when he was seventeen, he made friends with a political exile who had been banished6 from Moscow to our town for freethinking, and led a solitary7 existence there. He was a good scholar who had gained distinction in philosophy in the university. Something made him take a fancy to Markel, and he used to ask him to see him. The young man would spend whole evenings with him during that winter, till the exile was summoned to Petersburg to take up his post again at his own request, as he had powerful friends.
It was the beginning of Lent, and Markel would not fast, he was rude and laughed at it. “That’s all silly twaddle, and there is no God,” he said, horrifying8 my mother, the servants, and me too. For though I was only nine, I too was aghast at hearing such words. We had four servants, all serfs. I remember my mother selling one of the four, the cook Afimya, who was lame9 and elderly, for sixty paper roubles, and hiring a free servant to take her place.
In the sixth week in Lent, my brother, who was never strong and had a tendency to consumption, was taken ill. He was tall but thin and delicate-looking, and of very pleasing countenance10. I suppose he caught cold, anyway the doctor, who came, soon whispered to my mother that it was galloping11 consumption, that he would not live through the spring. My mother began weeping, and, careful not to alarm my brother, she entreated12 him to go to church, to confess and take the sacrament, as he was still able to move about. This made him angry, and he said something profane13 about the church. He grew thoughtful, however; he guessed at once that he was seriously ill, and that that was why his mother was begging him to confess and take the sacrament. He had been aware, indeed, for a long time past, that he was far from well, and had a year before coolly observed at dinner to your mother and me, “My life won’t be long among you, I may not live another year,” which seemed now like a prophecy.
Three days passed and Holy Week had come. And on Tuesday morning my brother began going to church. “I am doing this simply for your sake, mother, to please and comfort you,” he said. My mother wept with joy and grief. “His end must be near,” she thought, “if there’s such a change in him.” But he was not able to go to church long, he took to his bed, so he had to confess and take the sacrament at home.
It was a late Easter, and the days were bright, fine, and full of fragrance14. I remember he used to cough all night and sleep badly, but in the morning he dressed and tried to sit up in an arm-chair. That’s how I remember him sitting, sweet and gentle, smiling, his face bright and joyous15, in spite of his illness. A marvellous change passed over him, his spirit seemed transformed. The old nurse would come in and say, “Let me light the lamp before the holy image, my dear.” And once he would not have allowed it and would have blown it out.
“Light it, light it, dear, I was a wretch17 to have prevented you doing it. You are praying when you light the lamp, and I am praying when I rejoice seeing you. So we are praying to the same God.”
Those words seemed strange to us, and mother would go to her room and weep, but when she went in to him she wiped her eyes and looked cheerful. “Mother, don’t weep, darling,” he would say, “I’ve long to live yet, long to rejoice with you, and life is glad and joyful18.”
“Ah, dear boy, how can you talk of joy when you lie feverish19 at night, coughing as though you would tear yourself to pieces.”
“Don’t cry, mother,” he would answer, “life is paradise, and we are all in paradise, but we won’t see it; if we would, we should have heaven on earth the next day.”
Everyone wondered at his words, he spoke20 so strangely and positively21; we were all touched and wept. Friends came to see us. “Dear ones,” he would say to them, “what have I done that you should love me so, how can you love anyone like me, and how was it I did not know, I did not appreciate it before?”
When the servants came in to him he would say continually, “Dear, kind people, why are you doing so much for me, do I deserve to be waited on? If it were God’s will for me to live, I would wait on you, for all men should wait on one another.”
Mother shook her head as she listened. “My darling, it’s your illness makes you talk like that.”
“Mother darling,” he would say, “there must be servants and masters, but if so I will be the servant of my servants, the same as they are to me. And another thing, mother, every one of us has sinned against all men, and I more than any.”
Mother positively smiled at that, smiled through her tears. “Why, how could you have sinned against all men, more than all? Robbers and murderers have done that, but what sin have you committed yet, that you hold yourself more guilty than all?”
“Mother, little heart of mine,” he said (he had begun using such strange caressing22 words at that time), “little heart of mine, my joy, believe me, everyone is really responsible to all men for all men and for everything. I don’t know how to explain it to you, but I feel it is so, painfully even. And how is it we went on then living, getting angry and not knowing?”
So he would get up every day, more and more sweet and joyous and full of love. When the doctor, an old German called Eisenschmidt, came:
“Well, doctor, have I another day in this world?” he would ask, joking.
“You’ll live many days yet,” the doctor would answer, “and months and years too.”
“Months and years!” he would exclaim. “Why reckon the days? One day is enough for a man to know all happiness. My dear ones, why do we quarrel, try to outshine each other and keep grudges25 against each other? Let’s go straight into the garden, walk and play there, love, appreciate, and kiss each other, and glorify26 life.”
“Your son cannot last long,” the doctor told my mother, as she accompanied him the door. “The disease is affecting his brain.”
The windows of his room looked out into the garden, and our garden was a shady one, with old trees in it which were coming into bud. The first birds of spring were flitting in the branches, chirruping and singing at the windows. And looking at them and admiring them, he began suddenly begging their forgiveness too: “Birds of heaven, happy birds, forgive me, for I have sinned against you too.” None of us could understand that at the time, but he shed tears of joy. “Yes,” he said, “there was such a glory of God all about me: birds, trees, meadows, sky; only I lived in shame and dishonoured27 it all and did not notice the beauty and glory.”
“You take too many sins on yourself,” mother used to say, weeping.
“Mother, darling, it’s for joy, not for grief I am crying. Though I can’t explain it to you, I like to humble28 myself before them, for I don’t know how to love them enough. If I have sinned against everyone, yet all forgive me, too, and that’s heaven. Am I not in heaven now?”
And there was a great deal more I don’t remember. I remember I went once into his room when there was no one else there. It was a bright evening, the sun was setting, and the whole room was lighted up. He beckoned29 me, and I went up to him. He put his hands on my shoulders and looked into my face tenderly, lovingly; he said nothing for a minute, only looked at me like that.
“Well,” he said, “run and play now, enjoy life for me too.”
I went out then and ran to play. And many times in my life afterwards I remembered even with tears how he told me to enjoy life for him too. There were many other marvellous and beautiful sayings of his, though we did not understand them at the time. He died the third week after Easter. He was fully24 conscious though he could not talk; up to his last hour he did not change. He looked happy, his eyes beamed and sought us, he smiled at us, beckoned us. There was a great deal of talk even in the town about his death. I was impressed by all this at the time, but not too much so, though I cried a good deal at his funeral. I was young then, a child, but a lasting30 impression, a hidden feeling of it all, remained in my heart, ready to rise up and respond when the time came. So indeed it happened.
(b) Of the Holy Scriptures32 in the Life of Father Zossima.
I was left alone with my mother. Her friends began advising her to send me to Petersburg as other parents did. “You have only one son now,” they said, “and have a fair income, and you will be depriving him perhaps of a brilliant career if you keep him here.” They suggested I should be sent to Petersburg to the Cadet Corps33, that I might afterwards enter the Imperial Guard. My mother hesitated for a long time, it was awful to part with her only child, but she made up her mind to it at last, though not without many tears, believing she was acting34 for my happiness. She brought me to Petersburg and put me into the Cadet Corps, and I never saw her again. For she too died three years afterwards. She spent those three years mourning and grieving for both of us.
From the house of my childhood I have brought nothing but precious memories, for there are no memories more precious than those of early childhood in one’s first home. And that is almost always so if there is any love and harmony in the family at all. Indeed, precious memories may remain even of a bad home, if only the heart knows how to find what is precious. With my memories of home I count, too, my memories of the Bible, which, child as I was, I was very eager to read at home. I had a book of Scripture31 history then with excellent pictures, called A Hundred and Four Stories from the Old and New Testament35, and I learned to read from it. I have it lying on my shelf now; I keep it as a precious relic36 of the past. But even before I learned to read, I remember first being moved to devotional feeling at eight years old. My mother took me alone to mass (I don’t remember where my brother was at the time) on the Monday before Easter. It was a fine day, and I remember to-day, as though I saw it now, how the incense37 rose from the censer and softly floated upwards38 and, overhead in the cupola, mingled39 in rising waves with the sunlight that streamed in at the little window. I was stirred by the sight, and for the first time in my life I consciously received the seed of God’s word in my heart. A youth came out into the middle of the church carrying a big book, so large that at the time I fancied he could scarcely carry it. He laid it on the reading desk, opened it, and began reading, and suddenly for the first time I understood something read in the church of God. In the land of Uz, there lived a man, righteous and God-fearing, and he had great wealth, so many camels, so many sheep and asses40, and his children feasted, and he loved them very much and prayed for them. “It may be that my sons have sinned in their feasting.” Now the devil came before the Lord together with the sons of God, and said to the Lord that he had gone up and down the earth and under the earth. “And hast thou considered my servant Job?” God asked of him. And God boasted to the devil, pointing to His great and holy servant. And the devil laughed at God’s words. “Give him over to me and Thou wilt41 see that Thy servant will murmur42 against Thee and curse Thy name.” And God gave up the just man He loved so, to the devil. And the devil smote43 his children and his cattle and scattered44 his wealth, all of a sudden like a thunderbolt from heaven. And Job rent his mantle45 and fell down upon the ground and cried aloud, “Naked came I out of my mother’s womb, and naked shall I return into the earth; the Lord gave and the Lord has taken away. Blessed be the name of the Lord for ever and ever.”
Fathers and teachers, forgive my tears now, for all my childhood rises up again before me, and I breathe now as I breathed then, with the breast of a little child of eight, and I feel as I did then, awe46 and wonder and gladness. The camels at that time caught my imagination, and Satan, who talked like that with God, and God who gave His servant up to destruction, and His servant crying out: “Blessed be Thy name although Thou dost punish me,” and then the soft and sweet singing in the church: “Let my prayer rise up before Thee,” and again incense from the priest’s censer and the kneeling and the prayer. Ever since then — only yesterday I took it up — I’ve never been able to read that sacred tale without tears. And how much that is great, mysterious and unfathomable there is in it! Afterwards I heard the words of mockery and blame, proud words, “How could God give up the most loved of His saints for the diversion of the devil, take from him his children, smite47 him with sore boils so that he cleansed48 the corruption49 from his sores with a potsherd — and for no object except to boast to the devil ‘See what My saint can suffer for My sake.’ “But the greatness of it lies just in the fact that it is a mystery — that the passing earthly show and the eternal verity50 are brought together in it. In the face of the earthly truth, the eternal truth is accomplished51. The Creator, just as on the first days of creation He ended each day with praise: “That is good that I have created,” looks upon Job and again praises His creation. And Job, praising the Lord, serves not only Him but all His creation for generations and generations, and for ever and ever, since for that he was ordained52. Good heavens, what a book it is, and what lessons there are in it! What a book the Bible is, what a miracle, what strength is given with it to man! It is like a mould cast of the world and man and human nature, everything is there, and a law for everything for all the ages. And what mysteries are solved and revealed! God raises Job again, gives him wealth again. Many years pass by, and he has other children and loves them. But how could he love those new ones when those first children are no more, when he has lost them? Remembering them, how could he be fully happy with those new ones, however dear the new ones might be? But he could, he could. It’s the great mystery of human life that old grief passes gradually into quiet, tender joy. The mild serenity53 of age takes the place of the riotous54 blood of youth. I bless the rising sun each day, and, as before, my heart sings to meet it, but now I love even more its setting, its long slanting55 rays and the soft, tender, gentle memories that come with them, the dear images from the whole of my long, happy life — and over all the Divine Truth, softening56, reconciling, forgiving! My life is ending, I know that well, but every day that is left me I feel how earthly life is in touch with a new infinite, unknown, but approaching life, the nearness of which sets my soul quivering with rapture57, my mind glowing and my heart weeping with joy.
Friends and teachers, I have heard more than once, and of late one may hear it more often, that the priests, and above all the village priests, are complaining on all sides of their miserable58 income and their humiliating lot. They plainly state, even in print — I’ve read it myself — that they are unable to teach the Scriptures to the people because of the smallness of their means, and if Lutherans and heretics come and lead the flock astray, they let them lead them astray because they have so little to live upon. May the Lord increase the sustenance59 that is so precious to them, for their complaint is just, too. But of a truth I say, if anyone is to blame in the matter, half the fault is ours. For he may be short of time, he may say truly that he is overwhelmed all the while with work and services, but still it’s not all the time, even he has an hour a week to remember God. And he does not work the whole year round. Let him gather round him once a week, some hour in the evening, if only the children at first — the fathers will hear of it and they too will begin to come. There’s no need to build halls for this, let him take them into his own cottage. They won’t spoil his cottage, they would only be there one hour. Let him open that book and begin reading it without grand words or superciliousness60, without condescension61 to them, but gently and kindly62, being glad that he is reading to them and that they are listening with attention, loving the words himself, only stopping from time to time to explain words that are not understood by the peasants. Don’t be anxious, they will understand everything, the orthodox heart will understand all! Let him read them about Abraham and Sarah, about Isaac and Rebecca, of how Jacob went to Laban and wrestled63 with the Lord in his dream and said, “This place is holy”— and he will impress the devout64 mind of the peasant. Let him read, especially to the children, how the brothers sold Joseph, the tender boy, the dreamer and prophet, into bondage65, and told their father that a wild beast had devoured66 him, and showed him his blood-stained clothes. Let him read them how the brothers afterwards journeyed into Egypt for corn, and Joseph, already a great ruler, unrecognised by them, tormented68 them, accused them, kept his brother Benjamin, and all through love: “I love you, and loving you I torment67 you.” For he remembered all his life how they had sold him to the merchants in the burning desert by the well, and how, wringing69 his hands, he had wept and besought70 his brothers not to sell him as a slave in a strange land. And how, seeing them again after many years, he loved them beyond measure, but he harassed71 and tormented them in love. He left them at last not able to bear the suffering of his heart, flung himself on his bed and wept. Then, wiping his tears away, he went out to them joyful and told them, “Brothers, I am your brother Joseph” Let him read them further how happy old Jacob was on learning that his darling boy was still alive, and how he went to Egypt leaving his own country, and died in a foreign land, bequeathing his great prophecy that had lain mysteriously hidden in his meek72 and timid heart all his life, that from his offspring, from Judah, will come the great hope of the world, the Messiah and Saviour73.
Fathers and teachers, forgive me and don’t be angry, that like a little child I’ve been babbling74 of what you know long ago, and can teach me a hundred times more skilfully75. I only speak from rapture, and forgive my tears, for I love the Bible. Let him too weep, the priest of God, and be sure that the hearts of his listeners will throb76 in response. Only a little tiny seed is needed — drop it into the heart of the peasant and it won’t die, it will live in his soul all his life, it will be hidden in the midst of his darkness and sin, like a bright spot, like a great reminder77. And there’s no need of much teaching or explanation, he will understand it all simply. Do you suppose that the peasants don’t understand? Try reading them the touching78 story of the fair Esther and the haughty79 Vashti; or the miraculous80 story of Jonah in the whale. Don’t forget either the parables81 of Our Lord, choose especially from the Gospel of St. Luke (that is what I did), and then from the Acts of the Apostles the conversion82 of St. Paul (that you mustn’t leave out on any account), and from the Lives of the Saints, for instance, the life of Alexey, the man of God and, greatest of all, the happy martyr83 and the seer of God, Mary of Egypt — and you will penetrate84 their hearts with these simple tales. Give one hour a week to it in spite of your poverty, only one little hour. And you will see for yourselves that our people is gracious and grateful, and will repay you a hundred foId. Mindful of the kindness of their priest and the moving words they have heard from him, they will of their own accord help him in his fields and in his house and will treat him with more respect than before — so that it will even increase his worldly well-being85 too. The thing is so simple that sometimes one is even afraid to put it into words, for fear of being laughed at, and yet how true it is! One who does not believe in God will not believe in God’s people. He who believes in God’s people will see His Holiness too, even though he had not believed in it till then. Only the people and their future spiritual power will convert our atheists, who have torn themselves away from their native soil.
And what is the use of Christ’s words, unless we set an example? The people is lost without the Word of God, for its soul is athirst for the Word and for all that is good.
In my youth, long ago, nearly forty years ago, I travelled all over Russia with Father Anfim, collecting funds for our monastery86, and we stayed one night on the bank of a great navigable river with some fishermen. A good looking peasant lad, about eighteen, joined us; he had to hurry back next morning to pull a merchant’s barge87 along the bank. I noticed him looking straight before him with clear and tender eyes. It was a bright, warm, still, July night, a cool mist rose from the broad river, we could hear the plash of a fish, the birds were still, all was hushed and beautiful, everything praying to God. Only we two were not sleeping, the lad and I, and we talked of the beauty of this world of God’s and of the great mystery of it. Every blade of grass, every insect, ant, and golden bee, all so marvellously know their path, though they have not intelligence, they bear witness to the mystery of God and continually accomplish it themselves. I saw the dear lad’s heart was moved. He told me that he loved the forest and the forest birds. He was a bird-catcher, knew the note of each of them, could call each bird. “I know nothing better than to be in the forest,” said he, “though all things are good.”
“Truly,” I answered him, “all things are good and fair, because all is truth. Look,” said I, “at the horse, that great beast that is so near to man; or the lowly, pensive88 ox, which feeds him and works for him; look at their faces, what meekness89, what devotion to man, who often beats them mercilessly. What gentleness, what confidence and what beauty! It’s touching to know that there’s no sin in them, for all, all except man, is sinless, and Christ has been with them before us.”
“Why,” asked the boy, “is Christ with them too?”
“It cannot but be so,” said I, “since the Word is for all. All creation and all creatures, every leaf is striving to the Word, singing glory to God, weeping to Christ, unconsciously accomplishing this by the mystery of their sinless life. Yonder,” said I, “in the forest wanders the dreadful bear, fierce and menacing, and yet innocent in it.” And I told him how once a bear came to a great saint who had taken refuge in a tiny cell in the wood. And the great saint pitied him, went up to him without fear and gave him a piece of bread. “Go along,” said he, “Christ be with you,” and the savage90 beast walked away meekly91 and obediently, doing no harm. And the lad was delighted that the bear had walked away without hurting the saint, and that Christ was with him too. “Ah,” said he, “how good that is, how good and beautiful is all God’s work!” He sat musing92 softly and sweetly. I saw he understood. And he slept beside me a light and sinless sleep. May God bless youth! And I prayed for him as I went to sleep. Lord, send peace and light to Thy people!
(c) Recollections of Father Zossima’s Youth before he became a Monk. The Duel93
I SPENT a long time, almost eight years, in the military cadet school at Petersburg, and in the novelty of my surroundings there, many of my childish impressions grew dimmer, though I forgot nothing. I picked up so many new habits and opinions that I was transformed into a cruel, absurd, almost savage creature. A surface polish of courtesy and society manners I did acquire together with the French language.
But we all, myself included, looked upon the soldiers in our service as cattle. I was perhaps worse than the rest in that respect, for I was so much more impressionable than my companions. By the time we left the school as officers, we were ready to lay down our lives for the honour of the regiment94, but no one of us had any knowledge of the real meaning of honour, and if anyone had known it, he would have been the first to ridicule95 it. Drunkenness, debauchery and devilry were what we almost prided ourselves on. I don’t say that we were bad by nature, all these young men were good fellows, but they behaved badly, and I worst of all. What made it worse for me was that I had come into my own money, and so I flung myself into a life of pleasure, and plunged96 headlong into all the recklessness of youth.
I was fond of reading, yet strange to say, the Bible was the one book I never opened at that time, though I always carried it about with me, and I was never separated from it; in very truth I was keeping that book “for the day and the hour, for the month and the year,” though I knew it not.
After four years of this life, I chanced to be in the town of K. where our regiment was stationed at the time. We found the people of the town hospitable97, rich, and fond of entertainments. I met with a cordial reception everywhere, as I was of a lively temperament and was known to be well off, which always goes a long way in the world. And then a circumstance happened which was the beginning of it all.
I formed an attachment98 to a beautiful and intelligent young girl of noble and lofty character, the daughter of people much respected. They were well-to-do people of influence and position. They always gave me a cordial and friendly reception. I fancied that the young lady looked on me with favour and my heart was aflame at such an idea. Later on I saw and fully realised that I perhaps was not so passionately99 in love with her at all, but only recognised the elevation100 of her mind and character, which I could not indeed have helped doing. I was prevented, however, from making her an offer at the time by my selfishness; I was loath101 to part with the allurements102 of my free and licentious103 bachelor life in the heyday104 of my youth, and with my pockets full of money. I did drop some hint as to my feelings however, though I put off taking any decisive step for a time. Then, all of a sudden, we were ordered off for two months to another district.
On my return two months later, I found the young lady already married to a rich neighbouring landowner, a very amiable105 man, still young though older than I was, connected with the best Petersburg society, which I was not, and of excellent education, which I also was not. I was so overwhelmed at this unexpected circumstance that my mind was positively clouded. The worst of it all was that, as I learned then, the young landowner had been a long while betrothed106 to her, and I had met him indeed many times in her house, but blinded by my conceit107 I had noticed nothing. And this particularly mortified108 me; almost everybody had known all about it, while I knew nothing. I was filled with sudden irrepressible fury. With flushed face I began recalling how often I had been on the point of declaring my love to her, and as she had not attempted to stop me or to warn me, she must, I concluded, have been laughing at me all the time. Later on, of course, I reflected and remembered that she had been very far from laughing at me; on the contrary, she used to turn off any love-making on my part with a jest and begin talking of other subjects; but at that moment I was incapable109 of reflecting and was all eagerness for revenge. I am surprised to remember that my wrath110 and revengeful feelings were extremely repugnant to my own nature, for being of an easy temper, I found it difficult to be angry with anyone for long, and so I had to work myself up artificially and became at last revolting and absurd.
I waited for an opportunity and succeeded in insulting my “rival” in the presence of a large company. I insulted him on a perfectly111 extraneous112 pretext113, jeering114 at his opinion upon an important public event — it was in the year 1826 — my jeer115 was, so people said, clever and effective. Then I forced him to ask for an explanation, and behaved so rudely that he accepted my challenge in spite of the vast inequality between us, as I was younger, a person of no consequence, and of inferior rank. I learned afterwards for a fact that it was from a jealous feeling on his side also that my challenge was accepted; he had been rather jealous of me on his wife’s account before their marriage; he fancied now that if he submitted to be insulted by me and refused to accept my challenge, and if she heard of it, she might begin to despise him and waver in her love for him. I soon found a second in a comrade, an ensign of our regiment. In those days though duels116 were severely117 punished, yet duelling was a kind of fashion among the officers — so strong and deeply rooted will a brutal118 prejudice sometimes be.
It was the end of June, and our meeting was to take place at seven o’clock the next day on the outskirts119 of the town — and then something happened that in very truth was the turning point of my life. In the evening, returning home in a savage and brutal humour, I flew into a rage with my orderly Afanasy, and gave him two blows in the face with all my might, so that it was covered with blood. He had not long been in my service and I had struck him before, but never with such ferocious120 cruelty. And, believe me, though it’s forty years ago, I recall it now with shame and pain. I went to bed and slept for about three hours; when I waked up the day was breaking. I got up — I did not want to sleep any more — I went to the window — opened it, it looked out upon the garden; I saw the sun rising; it was warm and beautiful, the birds were singing.
“What’s the meaning of it?” I thought. “I feel in my heart as it were something vile121 and shameful122. Is it because I am going to shed blood? No,” I thought, “I feel it’s not that. Can it be that I am afraid of death, afraid of being killed? No, that’s not it, that’s not it at all.” . . . And all at once I knew what it was: it was because I had beaten Afanasy the evening before! It all rose before my mind, it all was, as it were, repeated over again; he stood before me and I was beating him straight on the face and he was holding his arms stiffly down, his head erect123, his eyes fixed124 upon me as though on parade. He staggered at every blow and did not even dare to raise his hands to protect himself. That is what a man has been brought to, and that was a man beating a fellow creature! What a crime! It was as though a sharp dagger125 had pierced me right through. I stood as if I were struck dumb, while the sun was shining, the leaves were rejoicing and the birds were trilling the praise of God. . . . I hid my face in my hands, fell on my bed and broke into a storm of tears. And then I remembered by brother Markel and what he said on his death-bed to his servants: “My dear ones, why do you wait on me, why do you love me, am I worth your waiting on me?”
“Yes, am I worth it?” flashed through my mind. “After all what am I worth, that another man, a fellow creature, made in the likeness126 and image of God, should serve me?” For the first time in my life this question forced itself upon me. He had said, “Mother, my little heart, in truth we are each responsible to all for all, it’s only that men don’t know this. If they knew it, the world would be a paradise at once.”
“God, can that too be false?” I thought as I wept. “In truth, perhaps, I am more than all others responsible for all, a greater sinner than all men in the world.” And all at once the whole truth in its full light appeared to me: what was I going to do? I was going to kill a good, clever, noble man, who had done me no wrong, and by depriving his wife of happiness for the rest of her life, I should be torturing and killing127 her too. I lay thus in my bed with my face in the pillow, heedless how the time was passing. Suddenly my second, the ensign, came in with the pistols to fetch me.
“Ah,” said he, “it’s a good thing you are up already, it’s time we were off, come along!”
I did not know what to do and hurried to and fro undecided; we went out to the carriage, however.
“Wait here a minute,” I said to him. “I’ll be back directly, I have forgotten my purse.”
And I ran back alone, to Afanasy’s little room.
“Afanasy,” I said, “I gave you two blows on the face yesterday, forgive me,” I said.
He started as though he were frightened, and looked at me; and I saw that it was not enough, and on the spot, in my full officer’s uniform, I dropped at his feet and bowed my head to the ground.
“Forgive me,” I said.
Then he was completely aghast.
“Your honour . . . sir, what are you doing? Am I worth it?”
And he burst out crying as I had done before, hid his face in his hands, turned to the window and shook all over with his sobs129. I flew out to my comrade and jumped into the carriage.
“Ready,” I cried. “Have you ever seen a conqueror130?” I asked him. “Here is one before you.”
I was in ecstasy131, laughing and talking all the way, I don’t remember what about.
He looked at me. “Well, brother, you are a plucky132 fellow, you’ll keep up the honour of the uniform, I can see.”
So we reached the place and found them there, waiting us. We were placed twelve paces apart; he had the first shot. I stood gaily133, looking him full in the face; I did not twitch134 an eyelash, I looked lovingly at him, for I knew what I would do. His shot just grazed my cheek and ear.
“Thank God,” I cried, “no man has been killed,” and I seized my pistol, turned back and flung it far away into the wood. “That’s the place for you,” I cried.
I turned to my adversary135.
“Forgive me, young fool that I am, sir,” I said, “for my unprovoked insult to you and for forcing you to fire at me. I am ten times worse than you and more, maybe. Tell that to the person whom you hold dearest in the world.”
I had no sooner said this than they all three shouted at me.
“Upon my word,” cried my adversary, annoyed, “if you did not want to fight, why did not you let me alone?”
“Yesterday I was a fool, to-day I know better,” I answered him gaily.
“As to yesterday, I believe you, but as for to-day, it is difficult to agree with your opinion,” said he.
“Bravo,” I cried, clapping my hands. “I agree with you there too, I have deserved it!”
“Will you shoot, sir, or not?”
“No, I won’t,” I said; “if you like, fire at me again, but it would be better for you not to fire.”
The seconds, especially mine, were shouting too: “Can you disgrace the regiment like this, facing your antagonist136 and begging his forgiveness! If I’d only known this!”
I stood facing them all, not laughing now.
“Gentlemen,” I said, “is it really so wonderful in these days to find a man who can repent137 of his stupidity and publicly confess his wrongdoing?”
“But not in a duel,” cried my second again.
“That’s what’s so strange,” I said. “For I ought to have owned my fault as soon as I got here, before he had fired a shot, before leading him into a great and deadly sin; but we have made our life so grotesque138, that to act in that way would have been almost impossible, for only after I had faced his shot at the distance of twelve paces could my words have any significance for him, and if I had spoken before, he would have said, ‘He is a coward, the sight of the pistols has frightened him, no use to listen to him.’ Gentlemen,” I cried suddenly, speaking straight from my heart, “look around you at the gifts of God, the clear sky, the pure air, the tender grass, the birds; nature is beautiful and sinless, and we, only we, are sinful and foolish, and we don’t understand that life is heaven, for we have only to understand that and it will at once be fulfilled in all its beauty, we shall embrace each other and weep.”
I would have said more but I could not; my voice broke with the sweetness and youthful gladness of it, and there was such bliss139 in my heart as I had never known before in my life.
“All this is rational and edifying,” said my antagonist, “and in any case you are an original person.”
“You may laugh,” I said to him, laughing too, “but afterwards you will approve of me.”
“Oh, I am ready to approve of you now,” said he; “will you shake hands? for I believe you are genuinely sincere.”
“No,” I said, “not now, later on when I have grown worthier140 and deserve your esteem141, then shake hands and you will do well.”
We went home, my second upbraiding142 me all the way, while I kissed him. All my comrades heard of the affair at once and gathered together to pass judgment143 on me the same day.
“He has disgraced the uniform,” they said; “Let him resign his commission.”
Some stood up for me: “He faced the shot,” they said.
“Yes, but he was afraid of his other shot and begged for forgiveness.”
“If he had been afraid of being shot, he would have shot his own pistol first before asking forgiveness, while he flung it loaded into the forest. No, there’s something else in this, something original.”
I enjoyed listening and looking at them. “My dear friends and comrades,” said I, “don’t worry about my resigning my commission, for I have done so already. I have sent in my papers this morning and as soon as I get my discharge I shall go into a monastery — it’s with that object I am leaving the regiment.”
When I had said this every one of them burst out laughing.
“You should have told us of that first, that explains everything, we can’t judge a monk.”
They laughed and could not stop themselves, and not scornfully, but kindly and merrily. They all felt friendly to me at once, even those who had been sternest in their censure144, and all the following month, before my discharge came, they could not make enough of me. “Ah, you monk,” they would say. And everyone said something kind to me, they began trying to dissuade145 me, even to pity me: “What are you doing to yourself?”
“No,” they would say, “he is a brave fellow, he faced fire and could have fired his own pistol too, but he had a dream the night before that he should become a monk, that’s why he did it.”
It was the same thing with the society of the town. Till then I had been kindly received, but had not been the object of special attention, and now all came to know me at once and invited me; they laughed at me, but they loved me. I may mention that although everybody talked openly of our duel, the authorities took no notice of it, because my antagonist was a near relation of our general, and as there had been no bloodshed and no serious consequences, and as I resigned my commission, they took it as a joke. And I began then to speak aloud and fearlessly, regardless of their laughter, for it was always kindly and not spiteful laughter. These conversations mostly took place in the evenings, in the company of ladies; women particularly liked listening to me then and they made the men listen.
“But how can I possibly be responsible for all?” everyone would laugh in my face. “Can I, for instance, be responsible for you?”
“You may well not know it,” I would answer, “since the whole world has long been going on a different line, since we consider the veriest lies as truth and demand the same lies from others. Here I have for once in my life acted sincerely and, well, you all look upon me as a madman. Though you are friendly to me, yet, you see, you all laugh at me.”
“But how can we help being friendly to you?” said my hostess, laughing. The room was full of people. All of a sudden the young lady rose, on whose account the duel had been fought and whom only lately I had intended to be my future wife. I had not noticed her coming into the room. She got up, came to me and held out her hand.
“Let me tell you,” she said, “that I am the first not to laugh at you, but on the contrary I thank you with tears and express my respect for you for your action then.”
Her husband, too, came up and then they all approached me and almost kissed me. My heart was filled with joy, but my attention was especially caught by a middle-aged146 man who came up to me with the others. I knew him by name already, but had never made his acquaintance nor exchanged a word with him till that evening.
(d) The Mysterious Visitor.
He had long been an official in the town; he was in a prominent position, respected by all, rich and had a reputation for benevolence147. He subscribed148 considerable sums to the almshouse and the orphan149 asylum150; he was very charitable, too, in secret, a fact which only became known after his death. He was a man of about fifty, almost stern in appearance and not much given to conversation. He had been married about ten years and his wife, who was still young, had borne him three children. Well, I was sitting alone in my room the following evening, when my door suddenly opened and this gentleman walked in.
I must mention, by the way, that I was no longer living in my former quarters. As soon as I resigned my commission, I took rooms with an old lady, the widow of a government clerk. My landlady’s servant waited upon me, for I had moved into her rooms simply because on my return from the duel I had sent Afanasy back to the regiment, as I felt ashamed to look him in the face after my last interview with him. So prone151 is the man of the world to be ashamed of any righteous action.
“I have,” said my visitor, “with great interest listened to you speaking in different houses the last few days and I wanted at last to make your personal acquaintance, so as to talk to you more intimately. Can you, dear sir, grant me this favour?”
“I can, with the greatest pleasure, and I shall look upon it as an honour.” I said this, though I felt almost dismayed, so greatly was I impressed from the first moment by the appearance of this man. For though other people had listened to me with interest and attention, no one had come to me before with such a serious, stern, and concentrated expression. And now he had come to see me in my own rooms. He sat down.
“You are, I see, a man of great strength of character” he said; “as you have dared to serve the truth, even when by doing so you risked incurring152 the contempt of all.”
“Your praise is, perhaps, excessive,” I replied.
“No, it’s not excessive,” he answered; “believe me, such a course of action is far more difficult than you think. It is that which has impressed me, and it is only on that account that I have come to you,” he continued. “Tell me, please, that is if you are not annoyed by my perhaps unseemly curiosity, what were your exact sensations, if you can recall them, at the moment when you made up your mind to ask forgiveness at the duel. Do not think my question frivolous153; on the contrary, I have in asking the question a secret motive154 of my own, which I will perhaps explain to you later on, if it is God’s will that we should become more intimately acquainted.”
All the while he was speaking, I was looking at him straight into the face and I felt all at once a complete trust in him and great curiosity on my side also, for I felt that there was some strange secret in his soul.
“You ask what were my exact sensations at the moment when I asked my opponent’s forgiveness,” I answered; “but I had better tell you from the beginning what I have not yet told anyone else.” And I described all that had passed between Afanasy and me, and how I had bowed down to the ground at his feet. “From that you can see for yourself,” I concluded, “that at the time of the duel it was easier for me, for I had made a beginning already at home, and when once I had started on that road, to go farther along it was far from being difficult, but became a source of joy and happiness.”
I liked the way he looked at me as he listened. “All that,” he said, “is exceedingly interesting. I will come to see you again and again.”
And from that time forth155 he came to see me nearly every evening. And we should have become greater friends, if only he had ever talked of himself. But about himself he scarcely ever said a word, yet continually asked me about myself. In spite of that I became very fond of him and spoke with perfect frankness to him about all my feelings; “for,” thought I, “what need have I to know his secrets, since I can see without that that is a good man? Moreover, though he is such a serious man and my senior, he comes to see a youngster like me and treats me as his equal.” And I learned a great deal that was profitable from him, for he was a man of lofty mind.
“That life is heaven,” he said to me suddenly, “that I have long been thinking about”; and all at once he added, “I think of nothing else indeed.” He looked at me and smiled. “I am more convinced of it than you are, I will tell you later why.”
I listened to him and thought that he evidently wanted to tell me something.
“Heaven,” he went on, “lies hidden within all of us — here it lies hidden in me now, and if I will it, it will be revealed to me to-morrow and for all time.”
I looked at him; he was speaking with great emotion and gazing mysteriously at me, as if he were questioning me.
“And that we are all responsible to all for all, apart from our own sins, you were quite right in thinking that, and it is wonderful how you could comprehend it in all its significance at once. And in very truth, so soon as men understand that, the Kingdom of Heaven will be for them not a dream, but a living reality.”
“And when,” I cried out to him bitterly, “when will that come to pass? and will it ever come to pass? Is not it simply a dream of ours?”
“What then, you don’t believe it,” he said. “You preach it and don’t believe it yourself. Believe me, this dream, as you call it, will come to pass without doubt; it will come, but not now, for every process has its law. It’s a spiritual, psychological process. To transform the world, to recreate it afresh, men must turn into another path psychologically. Until you have become really, in actual fact, a brother to everyone, brotherhood156 will not come to pass. No sort of scientific teaching, no kind of common interest, will ever teach men to share property and privileges with equal consideration for all. Everyone will think his share too small and they will be always envying, complaining and attacking one another. You ask when it will come to pass; it will come to pass, but first we have to go though the period of isolation157.”
“What do you mean by isolation?” I asked him.
“Why, the isolation that prevails everywhere, above all in our age — it has not fully developed, it has not reached its limit yet. For everyone strives to keep his individuality as apart as possible, wishes to secure the greatest possible fullness of life for himself; but meantime all his efforts result not in attaining158 fullness of life but self-destruction, for instead of self-realisation he ends by arriving at complete solitude159. All mankind in our age have split up into units, they all keep apart, each in his own groove160; each one holds aloof161, hides himself and hides what he has, from the rest, and he ends by being repelled162 by others and repelling163 them. He heaps up riches by himself and thinks, ‘How strong I am now and how secure,’ and in his madness he does not understand that the more he heaps up, the more he sinks into self-destructive impotence. For he is accustomed to rely upon himself alone and to cut himself off from the whole; he has trained himself not to believe in the help of others, in men and in humanity, and only trembles for fear he should lose his money and the privileges that he has won for himself. Everywhere in these days men have, in their mockery, ceased to understand that the true security is to be found in social solidarity164 rather than in isolated165 individual effort. But this terrible individualism must inevitably166 have an end, and all will suddenly understand how unnaturally167 they are separated from one another. It will be the spirit of the time, and people will marvel16 that they have sat so long in darkness without seeing the light. And then the sign of the Son of Man will be seen in the heavens. . . . But, until then, we must keep the banner flying. Sometimes even if he has to do it alone, and his conduct seems to be crazy, a man must set an example, and so draw men’s souls out of their solitude, and spur them to some act of brotherly love, that the great idea may not die.”
Our evenings, one after another, were spent in such stirring and fervent168 talk. I gave up society and visited my neighbours much less frequently. Besides, my vogue169 was somewhat over. I say this, not as blame, for they still loved me and treated me good-humouredly, but there’s no denying that fashion is a great power in society. I began to regard my mysterious visitor with admiration170, for besides enjoying his intelligence, I began to perceive that he was brooding over some plan in his heart, and was preparing himself perhaps for a great deed. Perhaps he liked my not showing curiosity about his secret, not seeking to discover it by direct question nor by insinuation. But I noticed at last, that he seemed to show signs of wanting to tell me something. This had become quite evident, indeed, about a month after he first began to visit me.
“Do you know,” he said to me once, “that people are very inquisitive171 about us in the town and wonder why I come to see you so often. But let them wonder, for soon all will be explained.”
Sometimes an extraordinary agitation172 would come over him, and almost always on such occasions he would get up and go away. Sometimes he would fix a long piercing look upon me, and I thought, “He will say something directly now.” But he would suddenly begin talking of something ordinary and familiar. He often complained of headache too.
One day, quite unexpectedly indeed, after he had been talking with great fervour a long time, I saw him suddenly turn pale, and his face worked convulsively, while he stared persistently173 at me.
“What’s the matter?” I said; “do you feel ill?” — he had just been complaining of headache.
“I . . . do you know . . . I murdered someone.”
He said this and smiled with a face as white as chalk. “Why is it he is smiling?” The thought flashed through my mind before I realised anything else. I too turned pale.
“What are you saying?” I cried.
“You see,” he said, with a pale smile, “how much it has cost me to say the first word. Now I have said it, I feel I’ve taken the first step and shall go on.”
For a long while I could not believe him, and I did not believe him at that time, but only after he had been to see me three days running and told me all about it. I thought he was mad, but ended by being convinced, to my great grief and amazement174. His crime was a great and terrible one.
Fourteen years before, he had murdered the widow of a landowner, a wealthy and handsome young woman who had a house in our town. He fell passionately in love with her, declared his feeling and tried to persuade her to marry him. But she had already given her heart to another man, an officer of noble birth and high rank in the service, who was at that time away at the front, though she was expecting him soon to return. She refused his offer and begged him not to come and see her. After he had ceased to visit her, he took advantage of his knowledge of the house to enter at night through the garden by the roof, at great risk of discovery. But, as often happens, a crime committed with extraordinary audacity175 is more successful than others.
Entering the garret through the skylight, he went down the ladder, knowing that the door at the bottom of it was sometimes, through the negligence176 of the servants, left unlocked. He hoped to find it so, and so it was. He made his way in the dark to her bedroom, where a light was burning. As though on purpose, both her maids had gone off to a birthday party in the same street, without asking leave. The other servants slept in the servants’ quarters or in the kitchen on the ground floor. His passion flamed up at the sight of her asleep, and then vindictive177, jealous anger took possession of his heart, and like a drunken man, beside himself, he thrust a knife into her heart, so that she did not even cry out. Then with devilish and criminal cunning he contrived178 that suspicion should fall on the servants. He was so base as to take her purse, to open her chest with keys from under her pillow, and to take some things from it, doing it all as it might have been done by an ignorant servant, leaving valuable papers and taking only money. He took some of the larger gold things, but left smaller articles that were ten times as valuable. He took with him, too, some things for himself as remembrances, but of that later. Having done this awful deed. he returned by the way he had come.
Neither the next day, when the alarm was raised, nor at any time after in his life, did anyone dream of suspecting that he was the criminal. No one indeed knew of his love for her, for he was always reserved and silent and had no friend to whom he would have opened his heart. He was looked upon simply as an acquaintance, and not a very intimate one, of the murdered woman, as for the previous fortnight he had not even visited her. A serf of hers called Pyotr was at once suspected, and every circumstance confirmed the suspicion. The man knew — indeed his mistress did not conceal179 the fact — that having to send one of her serfs as a recruit she had decided128 to send him, as he had no relations and his conduct was unsatisfactory. People had heard him angrily threatening to murder her when he was drunk in a tavern180. Two days before her death, he had run away, staying no one knew where in the town. The day after the murder, he was found on the road leading out of the town, dead drunk, with a knife in his pocket, and his right hand happened to be stained with blood. He declared that his nose had been bleeding, but no one believed him. The maids confessed that they had gone to a party and that the street door had been left open till they returned. And a number of similar details came to light, throwing suspicion on the innocent servant.
They arrested him, and he was tried for the murder; but a week after the arrest, the prisoner fell sick of a fever and died unconscious in the hospital. There the matter ended and the judges and the authorities and everyone in the town remained convinced that the crime had been committed by no one but the servant who had died in the hospital. And after that the punishment began.
My mysterious visitor, now my friend, told me that at first he was not in the least troubled by pangs181 of conscience. He was miserable a long time, but not for that reason; only from regret that he had killed the woman he loved, that she was no more, that in killing her he had killed his love, while the fire of passion was still in his veins182. But of the innocent blood he had shed, of the murder of a fellow creature, he scarcely thought. The thought that his victim might have become the wife of another man was insupportable to him, and so, for a long time, he was convinced in his conscience that he could not have acted otherwise.
At first he was worried at the arrest of the servant, but his illness and death soon set his mind at rest, for the man’s death was apparently183 (so he reflected at the time) not owing to his arrest or his fright, but a chill he had taken on the day he ran away, when he had lain all night dead drunk on the damp ground. The theft of the money and other things troubled him little, for he argued that the theft had not been committed for gain but to avert184 suspicion. The sum stolen was small, and he shortly afterwards subscribed the whole of it, and much more, towards the funds for maintaining an almshouse in the town. He did this on purpose to set his conscience at rest about the theft, and it’s a remarkable185 fact that for a long time he really was at peace — he told me this himself. He entered then upon a career of great activity in the service, volunteered for a difficult and laborious186 duty, which occupied him two years, and being a man of strong will almost forgot the past. Whenever he recalled it, he tried not to think of it at all. He became active in philanthropy too, founded and helped to maintain many institutions in the town, did a good deal in the two capitals, and in both Moscow and Petersburg was elected a member of philanthropic societies.
At last, however, he began brooding over the past, and the strain of it was too much for him. Then he was attracted by a fine and intelligent girl and soon after married her, hoping that marriage would dispel187 his lonely depression, and that by entering on a new life and scrupulously188 doing his duty to his wife and children, he would escape from old memories altogether. But the very opposite of what he expected happened. He began, even in the first month of his marriage, to be continually fretted189 by the thought, “My wife loves me — but what if she knew?” When she first told him that she would soon bear him a child, he was troubled. “I am giving life, but I have taken life.” Children came. “How dare I love them, teach and educate them, how can I talk to them of virtue190? I have shed blood.” They were splendid children, he longed to caress23 them; “and I can’t look at their innocent candid191 faces, I am unworthy.”
At last he began to be bitterly and ominously192 haunted by the blood of his murdered victim, by the young life he had destroyed, by the blood that cried out for vengeance193. He had begun to have awful dreams. But, being a man of fortitude194, he bore his suffering a long time, thinking: “I shall expiate195 everything by this secret agony.” But that hope, too, was vain; the longer it went on, the more intense was his suffering.
He was respected in society for his active benevolence, though everyone was overawed by his stern and gloomy character. But the more he was respected, the more intolerable it was for him. He confessed to me that he had thoughts of killing himself. But he began to be haunted by another idea — an idea which he had at first regarded as impossible and unthinkable, though at last it got such a hold on his heart that he could not shake it off. He dreamed of rising up, going out and confessing in the face of all men that he had committed murder. For three years this dream had pursued him, haunting him in different forms. At last he believed with his whole heart that if he confessed his crime, he would heal his soul and would be at peace for ever. But this belief filled his heart with terror, for how could he carry it out? And then came what happened at my duel.
“Looking at you, I have made up my mind.”
I looked at him.
“Is it possible,” I cried, clasping my hands, “that such a trivial incident could give rise to a resolution in you?”
“My resolution has been growing for the last three years,” he answered, “and your story only gave the last touch to it. Looking at you, I reproached myself and envied you.” He said this to me almost sullenly196.
“But you won’t be believed,” I observed; “it’s fourteen years ago.”
“I have proofs, great proofs. I shall show them.”
Then I cried and kissed him.
“Tell me one thing, one thing,” he said (as though it all depended upon me), “my wife, my children! My wife may die of grief, and though my children won’t lose their rank and property, they’ll be a convict’s children and for ever! And what a memory, what a memory of me I shall leave in their hearts!”
I said nothing.
“And to part from them, to leave them for ever? It’s for ever, you know, for ever!” I sat still and repeated a silent prayer. I got up at last, I felt afraid.
“Well?” He looked at me.
“Go!” said I, “confess. Everything passes, only the truth remains197. Your children will understand, when they grow up, the nobility of your resolution.”
He left me that time as though he had made up his mind. Yet for more than a fortnight afterwards, he came to me every evening, still preparing himself, still unable to bring himself to the point. He made my heart ache. One day he would come determined198 and say fervently199:
“I know it will be heaven for me, heaven, the moment I confess. Fourteen years I’ve been in hell. I want to suffer. I will take my punishment and begin to live. You can pass through the world doing wrong, but there’s no turning back. Now I dare not love my neighbour nor even my own children. Good God, my children will understand, perhaps, what my punishment has cost me and will not condemn200 me! God is not in strength but in truth.”
“All will understand your sacrifice,” I said to him, “if not at once, they will understand later; for you have served truth, the higher truth, not of the earth.”
And he would go away seeming comforted, but next day he would come again, bitter, pale, sarcastic201.
“Every time I come to you, you look at me so inquisitively202 as though to say, ‘He has still not confessed!’ Wait a bit, don’t despise me too much. It’s not such an easy thing to do as you would think. Perhaps I shall not do it at all. You won’t go and inform against me then, will you?”
And far from looking at him with indiscreet curiosity, I was afraid to look at him at all. I was quite ill from anxiety, and my heart was full of tears. I could not sleep at night.
“I have just come from my wife,” he went on. “Do you understand what the word ‘wife’ means? When I went out, the children called to me, ‘Good-bye, father, make haste back to read The Children’s Magazine with us.’ No, you don’t understand that! No one is wise from another man’s woe203.”
His eyes were glittering, his lips were twitching204. Suddenly he struck the table with his fist so that everything on it danced — it was the first time he had done such a thing, he was such a mild man.
“But need I?” he exclaimed, “must I? No one has been condemned205, no one has been sent to Siberia in my place, the man died of fever. And I’ve been punished by my sufferings for the blood I shed. And I shan’t be believed, they won’t believe my proofs. Need I confess, need I? I am ready to go on suffering all my life for the blood I have shed, if only my wife and children may be spared. Will it be just to ruin them with me? Aren’t we making a mistake? What is right in this case? And will people recognise it, will they appreciate it, will they respect it?”
“Good Lord!” I thought to myself, “he is thinking of other people’s respect at such a moment!” And I felt so sorry for him then, that I believe I would have shared his fate if it could have comforted him. I saw he was beside himself. I was aghast, realising with my heart as well as my mind what such a resolution meant.
“Decide my fate!” he exclaimed again.
“Go and confess,” I whispered to him. My voice failed me, but I whispered it firmly. I took up the New Testament from the table, the Russian translation, and showed him the Gospel of St. John, chapter 12, verse 24:
“Verily, verily, I say unto you,
except a corn of wheat fall into
the ground and die, it abideth alone:
but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit.”
I had just been reading that verse when he came in. He read it.
“That’s true,” he said, he smiled bitterly. “It’s terrible the things you find in those books,” he said, after a pause. “It’s easy enough to thrust them upon one. And who wrote them? Can they have been written by men?”
“The Holy Spirit wrote them,” said I.
“It’s easy for you to prate,” he smiled again, this time almost with hatred206.
I took the book again, opened it in another place and showed him the Epistle to the Hebrews, chapter 10, verse 31. He read:
“It is a fearful thing to fall
into the hands of the living God.”
He read it and simply flung down the book. He was trembling all over.
“An awful text,” he said. “There’s no denying you’ve picked out fitting ones.” He rose from the chair. “Well!” he said, “good-bye, perhaps I shan’t come again . . . we shall meet in heaven. So I have been for fourteen years ‘in the hands of the living God,’ that’s how one must think of those fourteen years. To-morrow I will beseech207 those hands to let me go.”
I wanted to take him in my arms and kiss him, but I did not dare — his face was contorted add sombre. He went away.
“Good God,” I thought, “what has he gone to face!” I fell on my knees before the ikon and wept for him before the Holy Mother of God, our swift defender208 and helper. I was half an hour praying in tears, and it was late, about midnight. Suddenly I saw the door open and he came in again. I was surprised.
Where have you been?” I asked him.
“I think,” he said, “I’ve forgotten something . . . my handkerchief, I think. . . . Well, even if I’ve not forgotten anything, let me stay a little.”
He sat down. I stood over him.
“You sit down, too,” said he.
I sat down. We sat still for two minutes; he looked intently at me and suddenly smiled. I remembered that — then he got up, embraced me warmly and kissed me.
“Remember,” he said, “how I came to you a second time. Do you hear, remember it!”
And he went out.
“To-morrow,” I thought.
And so it was. I did not know that evening that the next day was his birthday. I had not been out for the last few days, so I had no chance of hearing it from anyone. On that day he always had a great gathering209, everyone in the town went to it. It was the same this time. After dinner he walked into the middle of the room, with a paper in his hand — a formal declaration to the chief of his department who was present. This declaration he read aloud to the whole assembly. It contained a full account of the crime, in every detail.
“I cut myself off from men as a monster. God has visited me,” he said in conclusion. “I want to suffer for my sin!”
Then he brought out and laid on the table all the things he had been keeping for fourteen years, that he thought would prove his crime, the jewels belonging to the murdered woman which he had stolen to divert suspicion, a cross and a locket taken from her neck with a portrait of her betrothed in the locket, her notebook and two letters; one from her betrothed, telling her that he would soon be with her, and her unfinished answer left on the table to be sent off next day. He carried off these two letters — what for? Why had he kept them for fourteen years afterwards instead of destroying them as evidence against him?
And this is what happened: everyone was amazed and horrified210, everyone refused to believe it and thought that he was deranged211, though all listened with intense curiosity. A few days later it was fully decided and agreed in every house that the unhappy man was mad. The legal authorities could not refuse to take the case up, but they too dropped it. Though the trinkets and letters made them ponder, they decided that even if they did turn out to be authentic212, no charge could be based on those alone. Besides, she might have given him those things as a friend, or asked him to take care of them for her. I heard afterwards, however, that the genuineness of the things was proved by the friends and relations of the murdered woman, and that there was no doubt about them. Yet nothing was destined213 to come of it, after all.
Five days later, all had heard that he was ill and that his life was in danger. The nature of his illness I can’t explain; they said it was an affection of the heart. But it became known that the doctors had been induced by his wife to investigate his mental condition also, and had come to the conclusion that it was a case of insanity214. I betrayed nothing, though people ran to question me. But when I wanted to visit him, I was for a long while forbidden to do so, above all by his wife.
“It’s you who have caused his illness,” she said to me; “he was always gloomy, but for the last year people noticed that he was peculiarly excited and did strange things, and now you have been the ruin of him. Your preaching has brought him to this; for the last month he was always with you.”
Indeed, not only his wife but the whole town were down upon me and blamed me. “It’s all your doing,” they said. I was silent and indeed rejoiced at heart, for I saw plainly God’s mercy to the man who had turned against himself and punished himself. I could not believe in his insanity.
They let me see him at last. he insisted upon saying good-bye to me. I went in to him and saw at once, that not only his days, but his hours were numbered. He was weak, yellow, his hands trembled, he gasped215 for breath, but his face was full of tender and happy feeling.
“It is done!” he said. “I’ve long been yearning216 to see you. Why didn’t you come?”
I did not tell him that they would not let me see him.
“God has had pity on me and is calling me to Himself. I know I am dying, but I feel joy and peace for the first time after so many years. There was heaven in my heart from the moment I had done what I had to do. Now I dare to love my children and to kiss them. Neither my wife nor the judges, nor anyone has believed it. My children will never believe it either. I see in that God’s mercy to them. I shall die, and my name will be without a stain for them. And now I feel God near, my heart rejoices as in Heaven . . . I have done my duty.”
He could not speak, he gasped for breath, he pressed my hand warmly, looking fervently at me. We did not talk for long, his wife kept peeping in at us. But he had time to whisper to me:
“Do you remember how I came back to you that second time, at midnight? I told you to remember it. You know what I came back for? I came to kill you!”
I started.
“I went out from you then into the darkness, I wandered about the streets, struggling with myself. And suddenly I hated you so that I could hardly bear it. Now, I thought, he is all that binds217 me, and he is my judge. I can’t refuse to face my punishment to-morrow, for he knows all. It was not that I was afraid you would betray me (I never even thought of that), but I thought, ‘How can I look him in the face if I don’t confess?’ And if you had been at the other end of the earth, but alive, it would have been all the same, the thought was unendurable that you were alive knowing everything and condemning218 me. I hated you as though you were the cause, as though you were to blame for everything. I came back to you then, remembering that you had a dagger lying on your table. I sat down and asked you to sit down, and for a whole minute I pondered. If I had killed you, I should have been ruined by that murder even if I had not confessed the other. But I didn’t think about that at all, and I didn’t want to think of it at that moment. I only hated you and longed to revenge myself on you for everything. The Lord vanquished219 the devil in my heart. But let me tell you, you were never nearer death.”
A week later he died. The whole town followed him to the grave. The chief priest made a speech full of feeling. All lamented220 the terrible illness that had cut short his days. But all the town was up in arms against me after the funeral, and people even refused to see me. Some, at first a few and afterwards more, began indeed to believe in the truth of his story, and they visited me and questioned me with great interest and eagerness, for man loves to see the downfall and disgrace of the righteous. But I held my tongue, and very shortly after, I left the town, and five months later by God’s grace I entered the safe and blessed path, praising the unseen finger which had guided me so clearly to it. But I remember in my prayer to this day, the servant of God, Mihail, who suffered so greatly.
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1
monk
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| n.和尚，僧侣，修道士 | |
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irritable
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| adj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的 | |
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temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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ironical
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| adj.讽刺的，冷嘲的 | |
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remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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horrifying
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| a.令人震惊的，使人毛骨悚然的 | |
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lame
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| adj.跛的，(辩解、论据等)无说服力的 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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galloping
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| adj. 飞驰的, 急性的 动词gallop的现在分词形式 | |
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entreated
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| 恳求，乞求( entreat的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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profane
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| adj.亵神的，亵渎的；vt.亵渎，玷污 | |
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fragrance
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| n.芬芳，香味，香气 | |
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joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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marvel
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| vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异；n.令人惊异的事 | |
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wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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joyful
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| adj.欢乐的，令人欢欣的 | |
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feverish
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| adj.发烧的，狂热的，兴奋的 | |
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20
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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positively
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| adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实 | |
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caressing
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| 爱抚的，表现爱情的，亲切的 | |
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caress
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| vt./n.爱抚，抚摸 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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grudges
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| 不满，怨恨，妒忌( grudge的名词复数 ) | |
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glorify
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| vt.颂扬，赞美，使增光，美化 | |
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dishonoured
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| a.不光彩的，不名誉的 | |
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28
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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beckoned
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| v.（用头或手的动作）示意，召唤( beckon的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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lasting
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| adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持 | |
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31
scripture
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| n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段 | |
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scriptures
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| 经文，圣典( scripture的名词复数 )； 经典 | |
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corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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testament
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| n.遗嘱；证明 | |
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relic
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| n.神圣的遗物，遗迹，纪念物 | |
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incense
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| v.激怒；n.香，焚香时的烟，香气 | |
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upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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40
asses
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| n. 驴，愚蠢的人，臀部 adv. (常用作后置)用于贬损或骂人 | |
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41
wilt
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| v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎；(指人)疲倦，衰弱 | |
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murmur
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| n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言 | |
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43
smote
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| v.猛打，重击，打击( smite的过去式 ) | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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45
mantle
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| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
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46
awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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smite
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| v.重击；彻底击败；n.打；尝试；一点儿 | |
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48
cleansed
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| 弄干净，清洗( cleanse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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corruption
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| n.腐败，堕落，贪污 | |
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50
verity
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| n.真实性 | |
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51
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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52
ordained
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| v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定 | |
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53
serenity
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| n.宁静，沉着，晴朗 | |
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54
riotous
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| adj.骚乱的；狂欢的 | |
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slanting
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| 倾斜的，歪斜的 | |
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softening
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| 变软，软化 | |
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57
rapture
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| n.狂喜；全神贯注；着迷；v.使狂喜 | |
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58
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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59
sustenance
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| n.食物，粮食；生活资料；生计 | |
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60
superciliousness
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| n.高傲，傲慢 | |
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61
condescension
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| n.自以为高人一等，贬低(别人) | |
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62
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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63
wrestled
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| v.（与某人）搏斗( wrestle的过去式和过去分词 )；扭成一团；扭打；（与…）摔跤 | |
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64
devout
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| adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
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65
bondage
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| n.奴役，束缚 | |
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devoured
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| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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67
torment
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| n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)；vt.折磨；纠缠 | |
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tormented
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| 饱受折磨的 | |
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wringing
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| 淋湿的，湿透的 | |
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70
besought
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| v.恳求，乞求（某事物）( beseech的过去式和过去分词 )；(beseech的过去式与过去分词) | |
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71
harassed
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| adj. 疲倦的，厌烦的 动词harass的过去式和过去分词 | |
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72
meek
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| adj.温顺的，逆来顺受的 | |
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73
saviour
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| n.拯救者，救星 | |
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74
babbling
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| n.胡说，婴儿发出的咿哑声adj.胡说的v.喋喋不休( babble的现在分词 )；作潺潺声（如流水）；含糊不清地说话；泄漏秘密 | |
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skilfully
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| adv. (美skillfully)熟练地 | |
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76
throb
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| v.震颤，颤动；(急速强烈地)跳动，搏动 | |
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reminder
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| n.提醒物，纪念品；暗示，提示 | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
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81
parables
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| n.（圣经中的）寓言故事( parable的名词复数 ) | |
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82
conversion
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| n.转化，转换，转变 | |
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83
martyr
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| n.烈士，殉难者；vt.杀害，折磨，牺牲 | |
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84
penetrate
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| v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解 | |
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85
well-being
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| n.安康，安乐，幸福 | |
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86
monastery
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| n.修道院，僧院，寺院 | |
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barge
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| n.平底载货船，驳船 | |
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88
pensive
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| a.沉思的,哀思的,忧沉的 | |
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meekness
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| n.温顺，柔和 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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meekly
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| adv.温顺地，逆来顺受地 | |
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92
musing
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| n. 沉思，冥想 adj. 沉思的, 冥想的 动词muse的现在分词形式 | |
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93
duel
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| n./v.决斗；(双方的)斗争 | |
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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ridicule
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| v.讥讽，挖苦；n.嘲弄 | |
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96
plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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hospitable
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| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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passionately
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| ad.热烈地，激烈地 | |
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elevation
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| n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高 | |
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101
loath
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| adj.不愿意的；勉强的 | |
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102
allurements
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| n.诱惑( allurement的名词复数 )；吸引；诱惑物；有诱惑力的事物 | |
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licentious
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| adj.放纵的，淫乱的 | |
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heyday
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| n.全盛时期，青春期 | |
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105
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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106
betrothed
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| n. 已订婚者 动词betroth的过去式和过去分词 | |
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107
conceit
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| n.自负，自高自大 | |
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108
mortified
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| v.使受辱( mortify的过去式和过去分词 )；伤害（人的感情）；克制；抑制（肉体、情感等） | |
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109
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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110
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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111
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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112
extraneous
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| adj.体外的；外来的；外部的 | |
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113
pretext
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| n.借口，托词 | |
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114
jeering
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| adj.嘲弄的，揶揄的v.嘲笑( jeer的现在分词 ) | |
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115
jeer
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| vi.嘲弄，揶揄；vt.奚落；n.嘲笑，讥评 | |
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116
duels
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| n.两男子的决斗( duel的名词复数 )；竞争，斗争 | |
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117
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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118
brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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119
outskirts
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| n.郊外，郊区 | |
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120
ferocious
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| adj.凶猛的，残暴的，极度的，十分强烈的 | |
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121
vile
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| adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的 | |
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122
shameful
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| adj.可耻的，不道德的 | |
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123
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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124
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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125
dagger
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| n.匕首，短剑，剑号 | |
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126
likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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127
killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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128
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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129
sobs
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| 啜泣（声），呜咽（声）( sob的名词复数 ) | |
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130
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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131
ecstasy
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| n.狂喜，心醉神怡，入迷 | |
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132
plucky
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| adj.勇敢的 | |
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133
gaily
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| adv.欢乐地，高兴地 | |
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134
twitch
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| v.急拉，抽动，痉挛，抽搐；n.扯，阵痛，痉挛 | |
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135
adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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136
antagonist
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| n.敌人，对抗者，对手 | |
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137
repent
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| v.悔悟，悔改，忏悔，后悔 | |
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138
grotesque
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| adj.怪诞的，丑陋的；n.怪诞的图案，怪人（物） | |
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139
bliss
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| n.狂喜，福佑，天赐的福 | |
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140
worthier
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| 应得某事物( worthy的比较级 )； 值得做某事； 可尊敬的； 有（某人或事物）的典型特征 | |
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141
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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142
upbraiding
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| adj.& n.谴责（的）v.责备，申斥，谴责( upbraid的现在分词 ) | |
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143
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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144
censure
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| v./n.责备；非难；责难 | |
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145
dissuade
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| v.劝阻，阻止 | |
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146
middle-aged
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| adj.中年的 | |
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147
benevolence
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| n.慈悲，捐助 | |
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148
subscribed
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| v.捐助( subscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；签署，题词；订阅；同意 | |
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149
orphan
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| n.孤儿；adj.无父母的 | |
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150
asylum
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| n.避难所，庇护所，避难 | |
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151
prone
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| adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的 | |
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152
incurring
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| 遭受，招致，引起( incur的现在分词 ) | |
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153
frivolous
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| adj.轻薄的；轻率的 | |
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154
motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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155
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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156
brotherhood
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| n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊 | |
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157
isolation
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| n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离 | |
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158
attaining
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的现在分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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159
solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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160
groove
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| n.沟，槽；凹线，（刻出的）线条，习惯 | |
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161
aloof
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| adj.远离的；冷淡的，漠不关心的 | |
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162
repelled
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| v.击退( repel的过去式和过去分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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163
repelling
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| v.击退( repel的现在分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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164
solidarity
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| n.团结；休戚相关 | |
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165
isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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166
inevitably
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| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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167
unnaturally
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| adv.违反习俗地；不自然地；勉强地；不近人情地 | |
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168
fervent
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| adj.热的，热烈的，热情的 | |
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169
Vogue
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| n.时髦，时尚；adj.流行的 | |
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170
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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171
inquisitive
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| adj.求知欲强的，好奇的，好寻根究底的 | |
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172
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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173
persistently
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| ad.坚持地；固执地 | |
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174
amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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175
audacity
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| n.大胆，卤莽，无礼 | |
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176
negligence
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| n.疏忽，玩忽，粗心大意 | |
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177
vindictive
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| adj.有报仇心的，怀恨的，惩罚的 | |
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178
contrived
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| adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的 | |
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179
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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180
tavern
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| n.小旅馆，客栈；小酒店 | |
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181
pangs
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| 突然的剧痛( pang的名词复数 )； 悲痛 | |
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182
veins
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| n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理 | |
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183
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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184
avert
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| v.防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等) | |
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185
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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186
laborious
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| adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅 | |
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187
dispel
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| vt.驱走，驱散，消除 | |
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188
scrupulously
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| adv.一丝不苟地；小心翼翼地，多顾虑地 | |
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189
fretted
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| 焦躁的，附有弦马的，腐蚀的 | |
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190
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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191
candid
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| adj.公正的，正直的；坦率的 | |
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192
ominously
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| adv.恶兆地，不吉利地；预示地 | |
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193
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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194
fortitude
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| n.坚忍不拔；刚毅 | |
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195
expiate
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| v.抵补，赎罪 | |
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196
sullenly
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| 不高兴地，绷着脸，忧郁地 | |
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197
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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198
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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199
fervently
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| adv.热烈地，热情地，强烈地 | |
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200
condemn
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| vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑 | |
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201
sarcastic
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| adj.讥讽的，讽刺的，嘲弄的 | |
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202
inquisitively
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| 过分好奇地； 好问地 | |
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203
woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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204
twitching
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| n.颤搐 | |
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205
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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206
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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207
beseech
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| v.祈求，恳求 | |
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208
defender
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| n.保卫者，拥护者，辩护人 | |
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209
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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210
horrified
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| a.(表现出)恐惧的 | |
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211
deranged
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| adj.疯狂的 | |
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212
authentic
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| a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的 | |
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213
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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214
insanity
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| n.疯狂，精神错乱；极端的愚蠢，荒唐 | |
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215
gasped
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| v.喘气( gasp的过去式和过去分词 )；喘息；倒抽气；很想要 | |
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216
yearning
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| a.渴望的；向往的；怀念的 | |
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217
binds
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| v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 )；装订；捆绑；（用长布条）缠绕 | |
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218
condemning
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| v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的现在分词 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地 | |
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219
vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制 | |
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220
lamented
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| adj.被哀悼的，令人遗憾的v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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