IPPOLIT KIRILLOVITCH began his speech, trembling with nervousness, with cold sweat on his forehead, feeling hot and cold all over by turns. He described this himself afterwards. He regarded this speech as his chef-d’oeuvre, the chef-d’oeuvre of his whole life, as his swan-song. He died, it is true, nine months later of rapid consumption, so that he had the right, as it turned out, to compare himself to a swan singing his last song. He had put his whole heart and all the brain he had into that speech. And poor Ippolit Kirillovitch unexpectedly revealed that at least some feeling for the public welfare and “the eternal question” lay concealed1 in him. Where his speech really excelled was in its sincerity2. He genuinely believed in the prisoner’s guilt3; he was accusing him not as an official duty only, and in calling for vengeance4 he quivered with a genuine passion “for the security of society.” Even the ladies in thee audience, though they remained hostile to Ippolit Kirillovitch, admitted that he made an extraordinary impression on them. He began in a breaking voice, but it soon gained strength and filled the court to the end of his speech. But as soon as he had finished, he almost fainted.
“Gentlemen of the jury,” began the prosecutor5, “this case has made a stir throughout Russia. But what is there to wonder at, what is there so peculiarly horrifying6 in it for us? We are so accustomed to such crimes! That’s what’s so horrible, that such dark deeds have ceased to horrify7 us. What ought to horrify us is that we are so accustomed to it, and not this or that isolated8 crime. What are the causes of our indifference9, our lukewarm attitude to such deeds, to such signs of the times, ominous10 of an unenviable future? Is it our cynicism, is it the premature11 exhaustion12 of intellect and imagination in a society that is sinking into decay, in spite of its youth? Is it that our moral principles are shattered to their foundations, or is it, perhaps, a complete lack of such principles among us? I cannot answer such questions; nevertheless they are disturbing, and every citizen not only must, but ought to be harassed13 by them. Our newborn and still timid press has done good service to the public already, for without it we should never have heard of the horrors of unbridled violence and moral degradation15 which are continually made known by the press, not merely to those who attend the new jury courts established in the present reign16, but to everyone. And what do we read almost daily? Of things beside which the present case grows pale, and seems almost commonplace. But what is most important is that the majority of our national crimes of violence bear witness to a widespread evil, now so general among us that it is difficult to contend against it.
“One day we see a brilliant young officer of high society, at the very outset of his career, in a cowardly underhand way, without a pang18 of conscience, murdering an official who had once been his benefactor19, and the servant girl, to steal his own I O U and what ready money he could find on him; ‘it will come in handy for my pleasures in the fashionable world and for my career in the future.’ After murdering them, he puts pillows under the head of each of his victims; he goes away. Next, a young hero ‘decorated for bravery’ kills the mother of his chief and benefactor, like a highwayman, and to urge his companions to join him he asserts that ‘she loves him like a son, and so will follow all his directions and take no precautions.’ Granted that he is a monster, yet I dare not say in these days that he is unique. Another man will not commit the murder, but will feel and think like him, and is as dishonourable in soul. In silence, alone with his conscience, he asks himself perhaps, ‘What is honour, and isn’t the condemnation20 of bloodshed a prejudice?’
“Perhaps people will cry out against me that I am morbid21, hysterical22, that it is a monstrous23 slander24, that I am exaggerating. Let them say so — and heavens! I should be the first to rejoice if it were so! Oh, don’t believe me, think of me as morbid, but remember my words; if only a tenth, if only a twentieth part of what I say is true — even so it’s awful! Look how our young people commit suicide, without asking themselves Hamlet’s question what there is beyond, without a sign of such a question, as though all that relates to the soul and to what awaits us beyond the grave had long been erased25 in their minds and buried under the sands. Look at our vice14, at our profligates. Fyodor Pavlovitch, the luckless victim in the present case, was almost an innocent babe compared with many of them. And yet we all knew him, ‘he lived among us!’ . . .
“Yes, one day perhaps the leading intellects of Russia and of Europe will study the psychology27 of Russian crime, for the subject is worth it. But this study will come later, at leisure, when all the tragic28 topsy-turvydom of to-day is farther behind us, so that it’s possible to examine it with more insight and more impartiality29 than I can do. Now we are either horrified30 or pretend to be horrified, though we really gloat over the spectacle, and love strong and eccentric sensations which tickle31 our cynical32, pampered33 idleness. Or, like little children, we brush the dreadful ghosts away and hide our heads in the pillow so as to return to our sports and merriment as soon as they have vanished. But we must one day begin life in sober earnest, we must look at ourselves as a society; it’s time we tried to grasp something of our social position, or at least to make a beginning in that direction.
“A great writer29 of the last epoch35, comparing Russia to a swift troika galloping36 to an unknown goal, exclaims, ‘Oh, troika, birdlike troika, who invented thee!’ and adds, in proud ecstasy37, that all the peoples of the world stand aside respectfully to make way for the recklessly galloping troika to pass. That may be, they may stand aside, respectfully or no, but in my poor opinion the great writer ended his book in this way either in an excess of childish and naive38 optimism, or simply in fear of the censorship of the day. For if the troika were drawn39 by his heroes, Sobakevitch, Nozdryov, Tchitchikov, it could reach no rational goal, whoever might be driving it. And those were the heroes of an older generation, ours are worse specimens40 still. . . . ”
29 Gogol.
At this point Ippolit Kirillovitch’s speech was interrupted by applause. The liberal significance of this simile41 was appreciated. The applause was, it’s true, of brief duration, so that the President did not think it necessary to caution the public, and only looked severely42 in the direction of the offenders43. But Ippolit Kirillovitch was encouraged; he had never been applauded before! He had been all his life unable to get a hearing, and now he suddenly had an opportunity of securing the ear of all Russia.
“What, after all, is this Karamazov family, which has gained such an unenviable notoriety throughout Russia?” he continued. “Perhaps I am exaggerating, but it seems to me that certain fundamental features of the educated class of to-day are reflected in this family picture — only, of course, in miniature, ‘like the sun in a drop of water.’ Think of that unhappy, vicious, unbridled old man, who has met with such a melancholy44 end, the head of a family! Beginning life of noble birth, but in a poor dependent position, through an unexpected marriage he came into a small fortune. A petty knave45, a toady46 and buffoon47, of fairly good, though undeveloped, intelligence, he was, above all, a moneylender, who grew bolder with growing prosperity. His abject48 and servile characteristics disappeared, his, malicious49 and sarcastic50 cynicism was all that remained. On the spiritual side he was undeveloped, while his vitality51 was excessive. He saw nothing in life but sensual pleasure, and he brought his children up to be the same. He had no feelings for his duties as a father. He ridiculed52 those duties. He left his little children to the servants, and was glad to be rid of them, forgot about them completely. The old man’s maxim53 was Apres moi le deluge54.30 He was an example of everything that is opposed to civic55 duty, of the most complete and malignant56 individualism. ‘The world may burn for aught I care, so long as I am all right,’ and he was all right; he was content, he was eager to go on living in the same way for another twenty or thirty years. He swindled his own son and spent his money, his maternal57 inheritance, on trying to get his mistress from him. No, I don’t intend to leave the prisoner’s defence altogether to my talented colleague from Petersburg. I will speak the truth myself, I can well understand what resentment58 he had heaped up in his son’s heart against him.
30 After me, the deluge.
“But enough, enough of that unhappy old man; he has paid the penalty. Let us remember, however, that he was a father, and one of the typical fathers of to-day. Am I unjust, indeed, in saying that he is typical of many modern fathers? Alas59! many of them only differ in not openly professing60 such cynicism, for they are better educated, more cultured, but their philosophy is essentially61 the same as his. Perhaps I am a pessimist62, but you have agreed to forgive me. Let us agree beforehand, you need not believe me, but let me speak. Let me say what I have to say, and remember something of my words.
“Now for the children of this father, this head of a family. One of them is the prisoner before us, all the rest of my speech will deal with him. Of the other two I will speak only cursorily63.
“The elder is one of those modern young men of brilliant education and vigorous intellect, who has lost all faith in everything. He has denied and rejected much already, like his father. We have all heard him, he was a welcome guest in local society. He never concealed his opinions, quite the contrary in fact, which justifies64 me in speaking rather openly of him now, of course, not as an individual, but as a member of the Karamazov family. Another personage closely connected with the case died here by his own hand last night. I mean an afflicted65 idiot, formerly66 the servant, and possibly the illegitimate son, of Fyodor Pavlovitch, Smerdyakov. At the preliminary inquiry67, he told me with hysterical tears how the young Ivan Karamazov had horrified him by his spiritual audacity68. ‘Everything in the world is lawful69 according to him, and nothing must be forbidden in the future — that is what he always taught me.’ I believe that idiot was driven out of his mind by this theory, though, of course, the epileptic attacks from which he suffered, and this terrible catastrophe70, have helped to unhinge his faculties71. But he dropped one very interesting observation, which would have done credit to a more intelligent observer, and that is, indeed, why I’ve mentioned it: ‘If there is one of the sons that is like Fyodor Pavlovitch in character, it is Ivan Fyodorovitch.’
“With that remark I conclude my sketch72 of his character, feeling it indelicate to continue further. Oh, I don’t want to draw any further conclusions and croak73 like a raven74 over the young man’s future. We’ve seen to-day in this court that there are still good impulses in his young heart, that family feeling has not been destroyed in him by lack of faith and cynicism, which have come to him rather by inheritance than by the exercise of independent thought.
“Then the third son. Oh, he is a devout75 and modest youth, who does not share his elder brother’s gloomy and destructive theory of life. He has sought to cling to the ‘ideas of the people,’ or to what goes by that name in some circles of our intellectual classes. He clung to the monastery76, and was within an ace17 of becoming a monk77. He seems to me to have betrayed unconsciously, and so early, that timid despair which leads so many in our unhappy society, who dread34 cynicism and its corrupting78 influences, and mistakenly attribute all the mischief79 to European enlightenment, to return to their ‘native soil,’ as they say, to the bosom80, so to speak, of their mother earth, like frightened children, yearning81 to fall asleep on the withered82 bosom of their decrepit83 mother, and to sleep there for ever, only to escape the horrors that terrify them.
“For my part I wish the excellent and gifted young man every success; I trust that youthful idealism and impulse towards the ideas of the people may never degenerate84, as often happens, on the moral side into gloomy mysticism, and on the political into blind chauvinism — two elements which are even a greater menace to Russia than the premature decay, due to misunderstanding and gratuitous85 adoption86 of European ideas, from which his elder brother is suffering.”
Two or three people clapped their hands at the mention of chauvinism and mysticism. Ippolit Kirillovitch had been, indeed, carried away by his own eloquence87. All this had little to do with the case in hand, to say nothing of the fact of its being somewhat vague, but the sickly and consumptive man was overcome by the desire to express himself once in his life. People said afterwards that he was actuated by unworthy motives89 in his criticism of Ivan, because the latter had on one or two occasions got the better of him in argument, and Ippolit Kirillovitch, remembering it, tried now to take his revenge. But I don’t know whether it was true. All this was only introductory, however, and the speech passed to more direct consideration of the case.
“But to return to the eldest90 son,” Ippolit Kirillovitch went on. “He is the prisoner before us. We have his life and his actions, too, before us; the fatal day has come and all has been brought to the surface. While his brothers seem to stand for ‘Europeanism’ and ‘the principles of the people,’ he seems to represent Russia as she is. Oh, not all Russia, not all! God preserve us, if it were! Yet, here we have her, our mother Russia, the very scent91 and sound of her. Oh, he is spontaneous, he is a marvellous mingling92 of good and evil, he is a lover of culture and Schiller, yet he brawls93 in taverns94 and plucks out the beards of his boon95 companions. Oh, he, too, can be good and noble, but only when all goes well with him. What is more, he can be carried off his feet, positively96 carried off his feet by noble ideals, but only if they come of themselves, if they fall from heaven for him, if they need not be paid for. He dislikes paying for anything, but is very fond of receiving, and that’s so with him in everything. Oh, give him every possible good in life (he couldn’t be content with less), and put no obstacle in his way, and he will show that he, too, can be noble. He is not greedy, no, but he must have money, a great deal of money, and you will see how generously, with what scorn of filthy97 lucre98, he will fling it all away in the reckless dissipation of one night. But if he has not money, he will show what he is ready to do to get it when he is in great need of it. But all this later, let us take events in their chronological99 order.
“First, we have before us a poor abandoned child, running about the back-yard ‘without boots on his feet,’ as our worthy88 and esteemed100 fellow citizen, of foreign origin, alas! expressed it just now. I repeat it again, I yield to no one the defence of the criminal. I am here to accuse him, but to defend him also. Yes, I, too, am human; I, too, can weigh the influence of home and childhood on the character. But the boy grows up and becomes an officer; for a duel101 and other reckless conduct he is exiled to one of the remote frontier towns of Russia. There he led a wild life as an officer. And, of course, he needed money, money before all things, and so after prolonged disputes he came to a settlement with his father, and the last six thousand was sent him. A letter is in existence in which he practically gives up his claim to the rest and settles his conflict with his father over the inheritance on the payment of this six thousand.
“Then came his meeting with a young girl of lofty character and brilliant education. Oh, I do not venture to repeat the details; you have only just heard them. Honour, self-sacrifice were shown there, and I will be silent. The figure of the young officer, frivolous102 and profligate26, doing homage103 to true nobility and a lofty ideal, was shown in a very sympathetic light before us. But the other side of the medal was unexpectedly turned to us immediately after in this very court. Again I will not venture to conjecture104 why it happened so, but there were causes. The same lady, bathed in tears of long-concealed indignation, alleged105 that he, he of all men, had despised her for her action, which, though incautious, reckless perhaps, was still dictated106 by lofty and generous motives. He, he, the girl’s betrothed107, looked at her with that smile of mockery, which was more insufferable from him than from anyone. And knowing that he had already deceived her (he had deceived her, believing that she was bound to endure everything from him, even treachery), she intentionally108 offered him three thousand roubles, and clearly, too clearly, let him understand that she was offering him money to deceive her. ‘Well, will you take it or not, are you so lost to shame?’ was the dumb question in her scrutinising eyes. He looked at her, saw clearly what was in her mind (he’s admitted here before you that he understood it all), appropriated that three thousand unconditionally109, and squandered110 it in two days with the new object of his affections.
“What are we to believe then? The first legend of the young officer sacrificing his last farthing in a noble impulse of generosity111 and doing reverence112 to virtue113, or this other revolting picture? As a rule, between two extremes one has to find the mean, but in the present case this is not true. The probability is that in the first case he was genuinely noble, and in the second as genuinely base. And why? Because he was of the broad Karamazov character — that’s just what I am leading up to — capable of combining the most incongruous contradictions, and capable of the greatest heights and of the greatest depths. Remember the brilliant remark made by a young observer who has seen the Karamazov family at close quarters — Mr. Rakitin: ‘The sense of their own degradation is as essential to those reckless, unbridled natures as the sense of their lofty generosity.’ And that’s true, they need continually this unnatural114 mixture. Two extremes at the same moment, or they are miserable115 and dissatisfied and their existence is incomplete. They are wide, wide as mother Russia; they include everything and put up with everything.
“By the way, gentlemen of the jury, we’ve just touched upon that three thousand roubles, and I will venture to anticipate things a little. Can you conceive that a man like that, on receiving that sum and in such a way, at the price of such shame, such disgrace, such utter degradation, could have been capable that very day of setting apart half that sum, that very day, and sewing it up in a little bag, and would have had the firmness of character to carry it about with him for a whole month afterwards, in spite of every temptation and his extreme need of it! Neither in drunken debauchery in taverns, nor when he was flying into the country, trying to get from God knows whom, the money so essential to him to remove the object of his affections from being tempted116 by his father, did he bring himself to touch that little bag! Why, if only to avoid abandoning his mistress to the rival of whom he was so jealous, he would have been certain to have opened that bag and to have stayed at home to keep watch over her, and to await the moment when she would say to him at last ‘I am yours,’ and to fly with her far from their fatal surroundings.
“But no, he did not touch his talisman117, and what is the reason he gives for it? The chief reason, as I have just said, was that when she would say’ I am yours, take me where you will,’ he might have the wherewithal to take her. But that first reason, in the prisoner’s own words, was of little weight beside the second. While I have that money on me, he said, I am a scoundrel, not a thief, for I can always go to my insulted betrothed, and, laying down half the sum I have fraudulently appropriated, I can always say to her, ‘You see, I’ve squandered half your money, and shown I am a weak and immoral118 man, and, if you like, a scoundrel’ (I use the prisoner’s own expressions), ‘but though I am a scoundrel, I am not a thief, for if I had been a thief, I shouldn’t have brought you back this half of the money, but should have taken it as I did the other half!’ A marvellous explanation! This frantic119, but weak man, who could not resist the temptation of accepting the three thousand roubles at the price of such disgrace, this very man suddenly develops the most stoical firmness, and carries about a thousand roubles without daring to touch it. Does that fit in at all with the character we have analysed? No, and I venture to tell you how the real Dmitri Karamazov would have behaved in such circumstances, if he really had brought himself to put away the money.
“At the first temptation — for instance, to entertain the woman with whom he had already squandered half the money — he would have unpicked his little bag and have taken out some hundred roubles, for why should he have taken back precisely120 half the money, that is, fifteen hundred roubles? Why not fourteen hundred? He could just as well have said then that he was not a thief, because he brought back fourteen hundred roubles. Then another time he would have unpicked it again and taken out another hundred, and then a third, and then a fourth, and before the end of the month he would have taken the last note but one, feeling that if he took back only a hundred it would answer the purpose, for a thief would have stolen it all. And then he would have looked at this last note, and have said to himself, ‘It’s really not worth while to give back one hundred; let’s spend that, too!’ That’s how the real Dmitri Karamazov, as we know him, would have behaved. One cannot imagine anything more incongruous with the actual fact than this legend of the little bag. Nothing could be more inconceivable. But we shall return to that later.”
After touching121 upon what had come out in the proceedings122 concerning the financial relations of father and son, and arguing again and again that it was utterly123 impossible, from the facts known, to determine which was in the wrong, Ippolit Kirillovitch passed to the evidence of the medical experts in reference to Mitya’s fixed124 idea about the three thousand owing him.
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concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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guilt
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| n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责 | |
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vengeance
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prosecutor
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| n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人 | |
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horrifying
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| a.令人震惊的，使人毛骨悚然的 | |
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horrify
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| vt.使恐怖，使恐惧，使惊骇 | |
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isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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premature
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| adj.比预期时间早的；不成熟的，仓促的 | |
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exhaustion
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| n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述 | |
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harassed
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vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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degradation
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| n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变 | |
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reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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ace
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pang
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benefactor
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| n. 恩人，行善的人，捐助人 | |
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condemnation
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| n.谴责; 定罪 | |
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morbid
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hysterical
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| adj.情绪异常激动的，歇斯底里般的 | |
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monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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slander
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erased
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profligate
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psychology
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tragic
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| adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的 | |
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impartiality
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horrified
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tickle
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cynical
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pampered
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| adj.饮食过量的，饮食奢侈的v.纵容，宠，娇养( pamper的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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dread
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epoch
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| n.(新)时代；历元 | |
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galloping
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| adj. 飞驰的, 急性的 动词gallop的现在分词形式 | |
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ecstasy
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naive
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drawn
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specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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simile
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| n.直喻，明喻 | |
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severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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offenders
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| n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物） | |
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melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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knave
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| n.流氓；（纸牌中的）杰克 | |
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46
toady
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| v.奉承；n.谄媚者，马屁精 | |
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47
buffoon
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| n.演出时的丑角 | |
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48
abject
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| adj.极可怜的，卑屈的 | |
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49
malicious
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| adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的 | |
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50
sarcastic
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| adj.讥讽的，讽刺的，嘲弄的 | |
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51
vitality
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| n.活力，生命力，效力 | |
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52
ridiculed
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| v.嘲笑，嘲弄，奚落( ridicule的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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53
maxim
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| n.格言，箴言 | |
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54
deluge
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| n./vt.洪水，暴雨，使泛滥 | |
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55
civic
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| adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的 | |
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56
malignant
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| adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的 | |
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57
maternal
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| adj.母亲的，母亲般的，母系的，母方的 | |
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58
resentment
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| n.怨愤，忿恨 | |
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59
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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60
professing
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| 声称( profess的现在分词 )； 宣称； 公开表明； 信奉 | |
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61
essentially
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| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
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62
pessimist
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| n.悲观者；悲观主义者；厌世 | |
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63
cursorily
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| adv.粗糙地，疏忽地，马虎地 | |
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justifies
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| 证明…有理( justify的第三人称单数 )； 为…辩护； 对…作出解释； 为…辩解（或辩护） | |
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65
afflicted
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| 使受痛苦，折磨( afflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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66
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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67
inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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68
audacity
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| n.大胆，卤莽，无礼 | |
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69
lawful
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| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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70
catastrophe
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| n.大灾难，大祸 | |
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71
faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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72
sketch
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| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
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73
croak
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| vi.嘎嘎叫，发牢骚 | |
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74
raven
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| n.渡鸟，乌鸦；adj.乌亮的 | |
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75
devout
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| adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
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76
monastery
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| n.修道院，僧院，寺院 | |
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77
monk
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| n.和尚，僧侣，修道士 | |
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78
corrupting
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| （使）败坏( corrupt的现在分词 )； （使）腐化； 引起（计算机文件等的）错误； 破坏 | |
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79
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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81
yearning
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| a.渴望的；向往的；怀念的 | |
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82
withered
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| adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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83
decrepit
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| adj.衰老的，破旧的 | |
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84
degenerate
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| v.退步，堕落；adj.退步的，堕落的；n.堕落者 | |
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gratuitous
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| adj.无偿的，免费的；无缘无故的，不必要的 | |
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86
adoption
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| n.采用，采纳，通过；收养 | |
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87
eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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88
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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90
eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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91
scent
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| n.气味，香味，香水，线索，嗅觉；v.嗅，发觉 | |
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92
mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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93
brawls
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| 吵架，打架( brawl的名词复数 ) | |
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94
taverns
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| n.小旅馆，客栈，酒馆( tavern的名词复数 ) | |
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boon
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| n.恩赐，恩物，恩惠 | |
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96
positively
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| adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实 | |
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97
filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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98
lucre
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| n.金钱，财富 | |
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99
chronological
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| adj.按年月顺序排列的，年代学的 | |
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100
esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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101
duel
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| n./v.决斗；(双方的)斗争 | |
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102
frivolous
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| adj.轻薄的；轻率的 | |
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103
homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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104
conjecture
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| n./v.推测，猜测 | |
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105
alleged
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| a.被指控的，嫌疑的 | |
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106
dictated
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| v.大声讲或读( dictate的过去式和过去分词 )；口授；支配；摆布 | |
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107
betrothed
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| n. 已订婚者 动词betroth的过去式和过去分词 | |
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108
intentionally
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| ad.故意地，有意地 | |
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109
unconditionally
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| adv.无条件地 | |
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110
squandered
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| v.（指钱，财产等）浪费，乱花( squander的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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111
generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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112
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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113
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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114
unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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115
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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116
tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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117
talisman
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| n.避邪物，护身符 | |
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118
immoral
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| adj.不道德的，淫荡的，荒淫的，有伤风化的 | |
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119
frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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120
precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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121
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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122
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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123
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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124
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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