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Part 1 Book 2 Chapter 6 Jean Valjean
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Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.

Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie. He had not learned to read in his childhood. When he reached man's estate, be became a tree-pruner at Faverolles. His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet1, and a contraction2 of viola Jean, "here's Jean."

Jean Valjean was of that thoughtful but not gloomy disposition3 which constitutes the peculiarity4 of affectionate natures. On the whole, however, there was something decidedly sluggish5 and insignificant6 about Jean Valjean in appearance, at least. He had lost his father and mother at a very early age. His mother had died of a milk fever, which had not been properly attended to. His father, a tree-pruner, like himself, had been killed by a fall from a tree. All that remained to Jean Valjean was a sister older than himself,--a widow with seven children, boys and girls. This sister had brought up Jean Valjean, and so long as she had a husband she lodged7 and fed her young brother.

The husband died. The eldest9 of the seven children was eight years old. The youngest, one.

Jean Valjean had just attained10 his twenty-fifth year. He took the father's place, and, in his turn, supported the sister who had brought him up. This was done simply as a duty and even a little churlishly on the part of Jean Valjean. Thus his youth had been spent in rude and ill-paid toil11. He had never known a "kind woman friend" in his native parts. He had not had the time to fall in love.

He returned at night weary, and ate his broth8 without uttering a word. His sister, mother Jeanne, often took the best part of his repast from his bowl while he was eating,--a bit of meat, a slice of bacon, the heart of the cabbage,--to give to one of her children. As he went on eating, with his head bent12 over the table and almost into his soup, his long hair falling about his bowl and concealing13 his eyes, he had the air of perceiving nothing and allowing it. There was at Faverolles, not far from the Valjean thatched cottage, on the other side of the lane, a farmer's wife named Marie-Claude; the Valjean children, habitually14 famished15, sometimes went to borrow from Marie-Claude a pint16 of milk, in their mother's name, which they drank behind a hedge or in some alley17 corner, snatching the jug18 from each other so hastily that the little girls spilled it on their aprons19 and down their necks. If their mother had known of this marauding, she would have punished the delinquents20 severely21. Jean Valjean gruffly and grumblingly22 paid Marie-Claude for the pint of milk behind their mother's back, and the children were not punished.

In pruning23 season he earned eighteen sous a day; then he hired out as a hay-maker, as laborer24, as neat-herd on a farm, as a drudge25. He did whatever he could. His sister worked also but what could she do with seven little children? It was a sad group enveloped26 in misery27, which was being gradually annihilated28. A very hard winter came. Jean had no work. The family had no bread. No bread literally29. Seven children!

One Sunday evening, Maubert Isabeau, the baker30 on the Church Square at Faverolles, was preparing to go to bed, when he heard a violent blow on the grated front of his shop. He arrived in time to see an arm passed through a hole made by a blow from a fist, through the grating and the glass. The arm seized a loaf of bread and carried it off. Isabeau ran out in haste; the robber fled at the full speed of his legs. Isabeau ran after him and stopped him. The thief had flung away the loaf, but his arm was still bleeding. It was Jean Valjean.

This took place in 1795. Jean Valjean was taken before the tribunals of the time for theft and breaking and entering an inhabited house at night. He had a gun which he used better than any one else in the world, he was a bit of a poacher, and this injured his case. There exists a legitimate31 prejudice against poachers. The poacher, like the smuggler32, smacks33 too strongly of the brigand34. Nevertheless, we will remark cursorily35, there is still an abyss between these races of men and the hideous36 assassin of the towns. The poacher lives in the forest, the smuggler lives in the mountains or on the sea. The cities make ferocious37 men because they make corrupt38 men. The mountain, the sea, the forest, make savage39 men; they develop the fierce side, but often without destroying the humane40 side.

Jean Valjean was pronounced guilty. The terms of the Code were explicit41. There occur formidable hours in our civilization; there are moments when the penal42 laws decree a shipwreck43. What an ominous44 minute is that in which society draws back and consummates45 the irreparable abandonment of a sentient46 being! Jean Valjean was condemned47 to five years in the galleys49.

On the 22d of April, 1796, the victory of Montenotte, won by the general-in-chief of the army of Italy, whom the message of the Directory to the Five Hundred, of the 2d of Floreal, year IV., calls Buona-Parte, was announced in Paris; on that same day a great gang of galley48-slaves was put in chains at Bicetre. Jean Valjean formed a part of that gang. An old turnkey of the prison, who is now nearly eighty years old, still recalls perfectly50 that unfortunate wretch51 who was chained to the end of the fourth line, in the north angle of the courtyard. He was seated on the ground like the others. He did not seem to comprehend his position, except that it was horrible. It is probable that he, also, was disentangling from amid the vague ideas of a poor man, ignorant of everything, something excessive. While the bolt of his iron collar was being riveted52 behind his head with heavy blows from the hammer, he wept, his tears stifled53 him, they impeded54 his speech; he only managed to say from time to time, "I was a tree-pruner at Faverolles." Then still sobbing55, he raised his right hand and lowered it gradually seven times, as though he were touching56 in succession seven heads of unequal heights, and from this gesture it was divined that the thing which he had done, whatever it was, he had done for the sake of clothing and nourishing seven little children.

He set out for Toulon. He arrived there, after a journey of twenty-seven days, on a cart, with a chain on his neck. At Toulon he was clothed in the red cassock. All that had constituted his life, even to his name, was effaced57; he was no longer even Jean Valjean; he was number 24,601. What became of his sister? What became of the seven children? Who troubled himself about that? What becomes of the handful of leaves from the young tree which is sawed off at the root?

It is always the same story. These poor living beings, these creatures of God, henceforth without support, without guide, without refuge, wandered away at random,--who even knows?-- each in his own direction perhaps, and little by little buried themselves in that cold mist which engulfs58 solitary59 destinies; gloomy shades, into which disappear in succession so many unlucky heads, in the sombre march of the human race. They quitted the country. The clock-tower of what had been their village forgot them; the boundary line of what had been their field forgot them; after a few years' residence in the galleys, Jean Valjean himself forgot them. In that heart, where there had been a wound, there was a scar. That is all. Only once, during all the time which he spent at Toulon, did he hear his sister mentioned. This happened, I think, towards the end of the fourth year of his captivity61. I know not through what channels the news reached him. Some one who had known them in their own country had seen his sister. She was in Paris. She lived in a poor street Rear Saint-Sulpice, in the Rue62 du Gindre. She had with her only one child, a little boy, the youngest. Where were the other six? Perhaps she did not know herself. Every morning she went to a printing office, No. 3 Rue du Sabot, where she was a folder63 and stitcher. She was obliged to be there at six o'clock in the morning--long before daylight in winter. In the same building with the printing office there was a school, and to this school she took her little boy, who was seven years old. But as she entered the printing office at six, and the school only opened at seven, the child had to wait in the courtyard, for the school to open, for an hour--one hour of a winter night in the open air! They would not allow the child to come into the printing office, because he was in the way, they said. When the workmen passed in the morning, they beheld64 this poor little being seated on the pavement, overcome with drowsiness65, and often fast asleep in the shadow, crouched66 down and doubled up over his basket. When it rained, an old woman, the portress, took pity on him; she took him into her den60, where there was a pallet, a spinning-wheel, and two wooden chairs, and the little one slumbered67 in a corner, pressing himself close to the cat that he might suffer less from cold. At seven o'clock the school opened, and he entered. That is what was told to Jean Valjean.

They talked to him about it for one day; it was a moment, a flash, as though a window had suddenly been opened upon the destiny of those things whom he had loved; then all closed again. He heard nothing more forever. Nothing from them ever reached him again; he never beheld them; he never met them again; and in the continuation of this mournful history they will not be met with any more.

Towards the end of this fourth year Jean Valjean's turn to escape arrived. His comrades assisted him, as is the custom in that sad place. He escaped. He wandered for two days in the fields at liberty, if being at liberty is to be hunted, to turn the head every instant, to quake at the slightest noise, to be afraid of everything,--of a smoking roof, of a passing man, of a barking dog, of a galloping68 horse, of a striking clock, of the day because one can see, of the night because one cannot see, of the highway, of the path, of a bush, of sleep. On the evening of the second day he was captured. He had neither eaten nor slept for thirty-six hours. The maritime69 tribunal condemned him, for this crime, to a prolongation of his term for three years, which made eight years. In the sixth year his turn to escape occurred again; he availed himself of it, but could not accomplish his flight fully70. He was missing at roll-call. The cannon71 were fired, and at night the patrol found him hidden under the keel of a vessel72 in process of construction; he resisted the galley guards who seized him. Escape and rebellion. This case, provided for by a special code, was punished by an addition of five years, two of them in the double chain. Thirteen years. In the tenth year his turn came round again; he again profited by it; he succeeded no better. Three years for this fresh attempt. Sixteen years. Finally, I think it was during his thirteenth year, he made a last attempt, and only succeeded in getting retaken at the end of four hours of absence. Three years for those four hours. Nineteen years. In October, 1815, he was released; he had entered there in 1796, for having broken a pane73 of glass and taken a loaf of bread.

Room for a brief parenthesis74. This is the second time, during his studies on the penal question and damnation by law, that the author of this book has come across the theft of a loaf of bread as the point of departure for the disaster of a destiny. Claude Gaux had stolen a loaf; Jean Valjean had stolen a loaf. English statistics prove the fact that four thefts out of five in London have hunger for their immediate75 cause.

Jean Valjean had entered the galleys sobbing and shuddering76; he emerged impassive. He had entered in despair; he emerged gloomy.

What had taken place in that soul?


半夜,冉阿让醒了。

冉阿让生在布里的一个贫农家里。他幼年不识字。成人以后,在法维洛勒做修树枝的工人,他的母亲叫让·马弟,他的父亲叫冉阿让,或让来,让来大致是浑名,也是“阿让来了”的简音。

冉阿让生来就好用心思,但并不沉郁,那是富于情感的人的特性。但是他多少有些昏昏沉沉、无足轻重的味儿,至少表面如此。他在很小时就失去父母。他的母亲是因为害乳炎,诊治失当死的。他的父亲和他一样,也是个修树枝的工人,从树上摔下来死的。冉阿让只剩一个姐姐,姐姐孀居,有七个子女。把冉阿让抚养成人的就是这个姐姐。丈夫在世时,她一直负担着她小弟弟的膳宿。丈夫死了。七个孩子中最大的一个有八岁,最小的一岁。冉阿让刚到二十五岁,他代行父职,帮助姐姐,报答她当年抚养之恩。那是很自然的事,象一种天职似的,冉阿让甚至做得有些过火。他的青年时期便是那样在干着报酬微薄的辛苦工作中消磨过去的。他家乡的人从来没有听说他有过“女朋友”。他没有时间去想爱情问题。

他天黑回家,精疲力尽,一言不发,吃他的菜汤。他吃时,他姐姐让妈妈,时常从他的汤瓢里把他食物中最好的一些东西,一块瘦肉,一片肥肉,白菜的心,拿给她的一个孩子吃。他呢,俯在桌上,头几乎浸在汤里,头发垂在瓢边,遮着他的眼睛,只管吃,好象全没看见,让人家拿。

在法维洛勒的那条小街上,阿让茅屋斜对面的地方,住着一个农家妇女,叫玛丽-克洛德,阿让家的孩子们,挨饿是常事,他们有时冒他们母亲的名,到玛丽-克洛德那里去借一勺牛奶,躲在篱笆后面或路角上喝起来,大家拿那奶罐抢来抢去,使那些小女孩子紧张到泼得身上、颈子上都是奶。母亲如果知道了这种欺诈行为,一定会严厉惩罚这些小骗子的。冉阿让气冲冲,嘴里唠叨不绝,瞒着孩子们的母亲把牛奶钱照付给玛丽-克洛德,他们才没有挨揍。

在修树枝的季节里,他每天可以赚十八个苏,过后他就替人家当割麦零工、小工、牧牛人、苦工。他做他能做的事。他的姐也作工,但是拖着七个孩子怎么办呢?那是一群苦恼的人,穷苦把他们逐渐围困起来。有一年冬季,冉阿让找不到工作。

家里没有面包。绝对没有一点面包,却有七个孩子。

住在法维洛勒的天主堂广场上的面包店老板穆伯·易查博,一个星期日的晚上正预备去睡时,忽听得有人在他铺子的那个装了铁丝网的玻璃橱窗上使劲打了一下。他赶来正好看见一只手从铁丝网和玻璃上被拳头打破的一个洞里伸进来,把一块面包抓走了。易查博赶忙追出来,那小偷也拚命逃,易查博跟在他后面追,捉住了他。他丢了面包,胳膊却还流着血。

那正是冉阿让。

那是一七九五年的事。冉阿让被控为“黑夜破坏有人住着的房屋入内行窃”,送到当时的法院。他原有一枝枪,他比世上任何枪手都射得好,有时并且喜欢私自打猎,那对他是很不利的。大家对私自打猎的人早有一种合法的成见。私自打猎的人正如走私的人,都和土匪相去不远。但是,我们附带说一句,那种人和城市中那些卑鄙无耻的杀人犯比较起来总还有天壤之别。私自打猎的人住在森林里,走私的人住在山中或海上。城市会使人变得凶残,因为它使人腐化堕落。山、海和森林使人变得粗野。它们只发展这种野性,却不毁灭人性。

冉阿让被判罪。法律的条文是死板的。在我们的文明里,有许多令人寒心的时刻,那就是刑法令人陷入绝境的时刻。一个有思想的生物被迫远离社会,遭到了无可挽救的遗弃,那是何等悲惨的日子!冉阿让被宣判服五年苦役。

一七九六年四月二十二日,巴黎正欢呼意大利前线①总指挥(共和四年花月二日执政内阁致五百人院咨文中称作Buona-Parte②的那位总指挥)在芒泰诺泰③所获的胜利。这同一天,在比塞特监狱中却扣上了一长条铁链。冉阿让便是那铁链上的一个。当时的一个禁子,现在已年近九十了,还记得非常清楚,那天,那个可怜人待在院子的北角上,被锁在第四条链子的末尾。他和其余的犯人一样,坐在地上。他除了知道他的地位可怕以外好象完全莫名其妙。或许在他那种全无知识的穷人的混沌观念里,他多少也还觉得在这件事里有些过火的地方。当别人在他脑后用大锤钉着他枷上的大头钉时,他不禁痛哭起来。眼泪使他气塞,呜咽不能成声。他只能断续地说:“我是法维洛勒修树枝的工人。”过后,他一面痛哭,一面伸起他的右手,缓缓地按下去,这样一共做了七次,好象他依次抚摩了七个高矮不齐的头顶。我们从他这动作上可以猜想到,他所做的任何事全是为了那七个孩子的衣食。

①当时欧洲联盟国的军队从意大利和莱茵河两方面进攻革命的法国,拿破仑从意大利出击,在意大利境内击溃奥地利军队以后,直趋维也纳,以一年时间,迫使奥地利求和。

②拿破仑出生于科西嘉岛,该岛原属意大利,一七六八年卖给法国。他的姓,Bonaparte(波拿巴),按原来意大利文写法是Buonaparte。此处所言咨文,将一字写成两字,盖当时其名未显,以致发生这一错误。

③芒泰诺泰(Montenotte),意大利北部距法国国境不远的一个村镇。

他出发到土伦去。他乘着小车,颈上悬着铁链,经过二十七天的路程到了那地方。在土伦,他穿上红色囚衣。他生命中的一切全消灭了,连他的名字也消灭了。他已不再是冉阿让,而是二四六○一号。姐姐怎样了呢?七个孩子怎样了呢?谁照顾他们呢?一棵年轻的树被大齐根锯了,它的一撮嫩叶怎样了呢?

那是千篇一律的经过,那些可怜的活生生的人,上帝的创造物,从此无所凭借,无人指导,无处栖身,只得随着机缘东飘西荡,谁还能知道呵?或者是人各一方,渐渐陷入苦命人的那种丧身亡命的凄凉的迷雾里,一经进入人类的悲惨行列,他们便和那些不幸的黔首一样,一个接一个地消失了。他们背井离乡。他们乡村里的钟塔忘了他们,他们田地边的界石也忘了他们,冉阿让在监牢里住了几年之后,自己也忘了那些东西。在他的心上,从前有过一条伤口,后来只剩下一条伤痕,如是而已。关于他姐姐的消息,他在土伦从始至终只听见人家稍稍谈到过一次。那仿佛是在他坐监的第四年末。我已经想不起他是从什么地方得到了那消息。有个和他们相识的同乡人看见过他姐姐,说她到了巴黎。她住在常德尔街,即圣稣尔比斯教堂附近的一条穷街。她只带着一个孩子,她最小的那个男孩。其余的六个到什么地方去了呢?也许连她自己也不知道。每天早晨,她到木鞋街三号,一个印刷厂里去,她在那里做装订的女工。早晨六点她就得到厂,在冬季,那时离天亮还很早。在那印刷厂里有个小学校,她每天领着那七岁的孩子到学校里去读书。只不过她六点到厂,学校要到七点才开门,那孩子只好在院里等上一个钟头,等学校开门。到了冬天,那一个钟点是在黑暗中露天里等过的。他们不肯让那孩子进印刷厂的门,因为有人说他碍事。那些工人清早路过那里时,总看见那小把戏沉沉欲睡坐在石子路上,并且常是在一个黑暗的角落里,他蹲在地上,伏在他的篮子上便睡着了。下雨时,那个看门的老婆子看了过意不去,便把他引到她那破屋子里去,那屋子里只有一张破床、一架纺车和两张木椅,小孩便睡在屋角里,紧紧抱着一只猫,可以少受一点冻。到七点,学校开门了,他便跑进去。以上便是冉阿让听到的话。人家那天把这消息告诉他,那只是极短暂的一刹那,好象一扇窗子忽然开了,让他看了一眼他心爱的那些亲人的命运后随即一切又都隔绝了。从此以后,他再也没有听见人家说到过他们,永远没有得到过关于他们的其他消息,永远没有和他们再见面,也永远没有遇见过他们,并且就是在这一段悲惨故事的后半段,我们也不会再见到他们了。

到了第四年末,冉阿让有了越狱的机会。他的同伙帮助他逃走,这类事是同处困境中人常会发生的。他逃走了,在田野里自由地游荡了两天,如果自由这两个字的意义是这样的一些内容:受包围,时时朝后看,听见一点声音便吃惊,害怕一切,害怕冒烟的屋顶、过路的行人、狗叫、马跑、钟鸣、看得见东西的白昼、看不见东西的黑夜、大路、小路、树丛、睡眠。在第二天晚上,他又被逮住了。三十六个钟头以来他没有吃也没有睡。海港法庭对他这次过失,判决延长拘禁期三年,一共是八年。到第六年他又有了越狱的机会,他要利用那机会,但是他没能逃脱。点名时他不在。警炮响了,到了晚上,巡夜的人在一只正在建造的船骨里找到了他,他拒捕,但是被捕了。越狱并且拒捕,那种被特别法典预见的事受了加禁五年的处罚。五年当中,要受两年的夹链。一共是十三年。到第十年,他又有了越狱的机会,他又要趁机试一试,仍没有成功。那次的新企图又被判监禁三年。一共是十六年。到末了,我想是在第十三年内,他试了最后的一次,所得的成绩只是在四个钟头之后又被拘捕。那四个钟头换来了三年的监禁。一共是十九年。到一八一五年的十月里他被释放了。他是在一七九六年关进去的,为了打破一块玻璃,拿了一个面包。

此地不妨说一句题外的话。本书作者在他对刑法问题和法律裁判的研究里遇见的那种为了窃取一个面包而造成终身悲局的案情,这是第二次。克洛德·格①偷了一个面包,冉阿让也偷了一个面包。英国的一个统计家说,在伦敦五件窃案里,四件是由饥饿直接引起的。

①克洛德·格(ClaudeGueux)。雨果一八三四年为穷苦人民呼吁的小说《克洛德·格》的主角。

冉阿让走进牢狱时一面痛哭,面战栗,出狱时却无动于衷;他进去时悲痛失望,出来时老气横秋。

这个人的心有过怎样的波动呢?


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1 sobriquet kFrzg     
n.绰号
参考例句:
  • In Paris he was rewarded with the sobriquet of an "ultra-liberal".在巴黎,他被冠以“超自由主义者”的绰号。
  • Andrew Jackson was known by the sobriquet "Old Hickory." 安德鲁•杰克生以其绰号“老山胡桃”而知名。
2 contraction sn6yO     
n.缩略词,缩写式,害病
参考例句:
  • The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.肌肉的收缩使前臂抬起。
  • The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.扩张力和收缩力相互平衡。
3 disposition GljzO     
n.性情,性格;意向,倾向;排列,部署
参考例句:
  • He has made a good disposition of his property.他已对财产作了妥善处理。
  • He has a cheerful disposition.他性情开朗。
4 peculiarity GiWyp     
n.独特性,特色;特殊的东西;怪癖
参考例句:
  • Each country has its own peculiarity.每个国家都有自己的独特之处。
  • The peculiarity of this shop is its day and nigth service.这家商店的特点是昼夜服务。
5 sluggish VEgzS     
adj.懒惰的,迟钝的,无精打采的
参考例句:
  • This humid heat makes you feel rather sluggish.这种湿热的天气使人感到懒洋洋的。
  • Circulation is much more sluggish in the feet than in the hands.脚部的循环比手部的循环缓慢得多。
6 insignificant k6Mx1     
adj.无关紧要的,可忽略的,无意义的
参考例句:
  • In winter the effect was found to be insignificant.在冬季,这种作用是不明显的。
  • This problem was insignificant compared to others she faced.这一问题与她面临的其他问题比较起来算不得什么。
7 lodged cbdc6941d382cc0a87d97853536fcd8d     
v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 );暂住;埋入;(权利、权威等)归属
参考例句:
  • The certificate will have to be lodged at the registry. 证书必须存放在登记处。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Our neighbours lodged a complaint against us with the police. 我们的邻居向警方控告我们。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 broth acsyx     
n.原(汁)汤(鱼汤、肉汤、菜汤等)
参考例句:
  • Every cook praises his own broth.厨子总是称赞自己做的汤。
  • Just a bit of a mouse's dropping will spoil a whole saucepan of broth.一粒老鼠屎败坏一锅汤。
9 eldest bqkx6     
adj.最年长的,最年老的
参考例句:
  • The King's eldest son is the heir to the throne.国王的长子是王位的继承人。
  • The castle and the land are entailed on the eldest son.城堡和土地限定由长子继承。
10 attained 1f2c1bee274e81555decf78fe9b16b2f     
(通常经过努力)实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)
参考例句:
  • She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
  • Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。
11 toil WJezp     
vi.辛劳工作,艰难地行动;n.苦工,难事
参考例句:
  • The wealth comes from the toil of the masses.财富来自大众的辛勤劳动。
  • Every single grain is the result of toil.每一粒粮食都来之不易。
12 bent QQ8yD     
n.爱好,癖好;adj.弯的;决心的,一心的
参考例句:
  • He was fully bent upon the project.他一心扑在这项计划上。
  • We bent over backward to help them.我们尽了最大努力帮助他们。
13 concealing 0522a013e14e769c5852093b349fdc9d     
v.隐藏,隐瞒,遮住( conceal的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Despite his outward display of friendliness, I sensed he was concealing something. 尽管他表现得友善,我还是感觉到他有所隐瞒。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • SHE WAS BREAKING THE COMPACT, AND CONCEALING IT FROM HIM. 她违反了他们之间的约定,还把他蒙在鼓里。 来自英汉文学 - 三万元遗产
14 habitually 4rKzgk     
ad.习惯地,通常地
参考例句:
  • The pain of the disease caused him habitually to furrow his brow. 病痛使他习惯性地紧皱眉头。
  • Habitually obedient to John, I came up to his chair. 我已经习惯于服从约翰,我来到他的椅子跟前。
15 famished 0laxB     
adj.饥饿的
参考例句:
  • When's lunch?I'm famished!什么时候吃午饭?我饿得要死了!
  • My feet are now killing me and I'm absolutely famished.我的脚现在筋疲力尽,我绝对是极饿了。
16 pint 1NNxL     
n.品脱
参考例句:
  • I'll have a pint of beer and a packet of crisps, please.我要一品脱啤酒和一袋炸马铃薯片。
  • In the old days you could get a pint of beer for a shilling.从前,花一先令就可以买到一品脱啤酒。
17 alley Cx2zK     
n.小巷,胡同;小径,小路
参考例句:
  • We live in the same alley.我们住在同一条小巷里。
  • The blind alley ended in a brick wall.这条死胡同的尽头是砖墙。
18 jug QaNzK     
n.(有柄,小口,可盛水等的)大壶,罐,盂
参考例句:
  • He walked along with a jug poised on his head.他头上顶着一个水罐,保持着平衡往前走。
  • She filled the jug with fresh water.她将水壶注满了清水。
19 aprons d381ffae98ab7cbe3e686c9db618abe1     
围裙( apron的名词复数 ); 停机坪,台口(舞台幕前的部份)
参考例句:
  • Many people like to wear aprons while they are cooking. 许多人做饭时喜欢系一条围裙。
  • The chambermaid in our corridor wears blue checked gingham aprons. 给我们扫走廊的清洁女工围蓝格围裙。
20 delinquents 03c7fc31eb1c2f3334b049f2f2139264     
n.(尤指青少年)有过失的人,违法的人( delinquent的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The robbery was committed by a group of delinquents. 那起抢劫案是一群青少年干的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • There is today general agreement that juvenile delinquents are less responsible than older offenders. 目前人们普遍认为青少年罪犯比成人罪犯的责任小些。 来自辞典例句
21 severely SiCzmk     
adv.严格地;严厉地;非常恶劣地
参考例句:
  • He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
  • He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。
22 grumblingly 9c73404ff5e7af76552c5cf5ac2bf417     
喃喃报怨着,发牢骚着
参考例句:
23 pruning 6e4e50e38fdf94b800891c532bf2f5e7     
n.修枝,剪枝,修剪v.修剪(树木等)( prune的现在分词 );精简某事物,除去某事物多余的部分
参考例句:
  • In writing an essay one must do a lot of pruning. 写文章要下一番剪裁的工夫。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • A sapling needs pruning, a child discipline. 小树要砍,小孩要管。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
24 laborer 52xxc     
n.劳动者,劳工
参考例句:
  • Her husband had been a farm laborer.她丈夫以前是个农场雇工。
  • He worked as a casual laborer and did not earn much.他当临时工,没有赚多少钱。
25 drudge rk8z2     
n.劳碌的人;v.做苦工,操劳
参考例句:
  • I feel like a real drudge--I've done nothing but clean all day!我觉得自己像个做苦工的--整天都在做清洁工作!
  • I'm a poor,miserable,forlorn drudge;I shall only drag you down with me.我是一个贫穷,倒运,走投无路的苦力,只会拖累你。
26 enveloped 8006411f03656275ea778a3c3978ff7a     
v.包围,笼罩,包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • She was enveloped in a huge white towel. 她裹在一条白色大毛巾里。
  • Smoke from the burning house enveloped the whole street. 燃烧着的房子冒出的浓烟笼罩了整条街。 来自《简明英汉词典》
27 misery G10yi     
n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦
参考例句:
  • Business depression usually causes misery among the working class.商业不景气常使工薪阶层受苦。
  • He has rescued me from the mire of misery.他把我从苦海里救了出来。
28 annihilated b75d9b14a67fe1d776c0039490aade89     
v.(彻底)消灭( annihilate的过去式和过去分词 );使无效;废止;彻底击溃
参考例句:
  • Our soldiers annihilated a force of three hundred enemy troops. 我军战士消灭了300名敌军。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • We annihilated the enemy. 我们歼灭了敌人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
29 literally 28Wzv     
adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实
参考例句:
  • He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
  • Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候,她不走到真正要昏厥了,决不肯坐下来。
30 baker wyTz62     
n.面包师
参考例句:
  • The baker bakes his bread in the bakery.面包师在面包房内烤面包。
  • The baker frosted the cake with a mixture of sugar and whites of eggs.面包师在蛋糕上撒了一层白糖和蛋清的混合料。
31 legitimate L9ZzJ     
adj.合法的,合理的,合乎逻辑的;v.使合法
参考例句:
  • Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
  • That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。
32 smuggler 0xFwP     
n.走私者
参考例句:
  • The smuggler is in prison tonight, awaiting extradition to Britain. 这名走私犯今晚在监狱,等待引渡到英国。
  • The smuggler was finally obliged to inform against his boss. 那个走私犯最后不得不告发他的首领。
33 smacks e38ec3a6f4260031cc2f6544eec9331e     
掌掴(声)( smack的名词复数 ); 海洛因; (打的)一拳; 打巴掌
参考例句:
  • His politeness smacks of condescension. 他的客气带有屈尊俯就的意味。
  • It was a fishing town, and the sea was dotted with smacks. 这是个渔业城镇,海面上可看到渔帆点点。
34 brigand cxdz6N     
n.土匪,强盗
参考例句:
  • This wallace is a brigand,nothing more.华莱士只不过是个土匪。
  • How would you deal with this brigand?你要如何对付这个土匪?
35 cursorily 17fc65707d06b928c41826d50b8b31e3     
adv.粗糙地,疏忽地,马虎地
参考例句:
  • The subject has been referred to cursorily in the preface. 这个问题在序言中已粗略地提到了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The stags line up against the wall, chat cursorily with one another. 光棍来宾都一字靠在墙上,有口无心地聊着天儿。 来自辞典例句
36 hideous 65KyC     
adj.丑陋的,可憎的,可怕的,恐怖的
参考例句:
  • The whole experience had been like some hideous nightmare.整个经历就像一场可怕的噩梦。
  • They're not like dogs,they're hideous brutes.它们不像狗,是丑陋的畜牲。
37 ferocious ZkNxc     
adj.凶猛的,残暴的,极度的,十分强烈的
参考例句:
  • The ferocious winds seemed about to tear the ship to pieces.狂风仿佛要把船撕成碎片似的。
  • The ferocious panther is chasing a rabbit.那只凶猛的豹子正追赶一只兔子。
38 corrupt 4zTxn     
v.贿赂,收买;adj.腐败的,贪污的
参考例句:
  • The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
  • This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。
39 savage ECxzR     
adj.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的;n.未开化的人
参考例句:
  • The poor man received a savage beating from the thugs.那可怜的人遭到暴徒的痛打。
  • He has a savage temper.他脾气粗暴。
40 humane Uymy0     
adj.人道的,富有同情心的
参考例句:
  • Is it humane to kill animals for food?宰杀牲畜来吃合乎人道吗?
  • Their aim is for a more just and humane society.他们的目标是建立一个更加公正、博爱的社会。
41 explicit IhFzc     
adj.详述的,明确的;坦率的;显然的
参考例句:
  • She was quite explicit about why she left.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。
  • He avoids the explicit answer to us.他避免给我们明确的回答。
42 penal OSBzn     
adj.刑罚的;刑法上的
参考例句:
  • I hope you're familiar with penal code.我希望你们熟悉本州法律规则。
  • He underwent nineteen years of penal servitude for theft.他因犯了大窃案受过十九年的苦刑。
43 shipwreck eypwo     
n.船舶失事,海难
参考例句:
  • He walked away from the shipwreck.他船难中平安地脱险了。
  • The shipwreck was a harrowing experience.那次船难是一个惨痛的经历。
44 ominous Xv6y5     
adj.不祥的,不吉的,预兆的,预示的
参考例句:
  • Those black clouds look ominous for our picnic.那些乌云对我们的野餐来说是个不祥之兆。
  • There was an ominous silence at the other end of the phone.电话那头出现了不祥的沉默。
45 consummates 2e0ae8b54110e488271a0eb26f0a671a     
n.使结束( consummate的名词复数 );使完美;完婚;(婚礼后的)圆房v.使结束( consummate的第三人称单数 );使完美;完婚;(婚礼后的)圆房
参考例句:
  • This article key point for consummates our country counter-spoiled mechanism. 本文的重点为完善我国反腐机制。 来自互联网
  • First, expands the servicing facility investment, consummates serves the channel. 首先、加大服务设施投入,完善服务渠道。 来自互联网
46 sentient ahIyc     
adj.有知觉的,知悉的;adv.有感觉能力地
参考例句:
  • The living knew themselves just sentient puppets on God's stage.生还者认识到,他们不过是上帝的舞台上有知觉的木偶而已。
  • It teaches us to love all sentient beings equally.它教导我们应该平等爱护一切众生。
47 condemned condemned     
adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
  • The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。
48 galley rhwxE     
n.(飞机或船上的)厨房单层甲板大帆船;军舰舰长用的大划艇;
参考例句:
  • The stewardess will get you some water from the galley.空姐会从厨房给你拿些水来。
  • Visitors can also go through the large galley where crew members got their meals.游客还可以穿过船员们用餐的厨房。
49 galleys 9509adeb47bfb725eba763ad8ff68194     
n.平底大船,战舰( galley的名词复数 );(船上或航空器上的)厨房
参考例句:
  • Other people had drowned at sea since galleys swarmed with painted sails. 自从布满彩帆的大船下海以来,别的人曾淹死在海里。 来自辞典例句
  • He sighed for the galleys, with their infamous costume. 他羡慕那些穿着囚衣的苦工。 来自辞典例句
50 perfectly 8Mzxb     
adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
51 wretch EIPyl     
n.可怜的人,不幸的人;卑鄙的人
参考例句:
  • You are really an ungrateful wretch to complain instead of thanking him.你不但不谢他,还埋怨他,真不知好歹。
  • The dead husband is not the dishonoured wretch they fancied him.死去的丈夫不是他们所想象的不光彩的坏蛋。
52 riveted ecef077186c9682b433fa17f487ee017     
铆接( rivet的过去式和过去分词 ); 把…固定住; 吸引; 引起某人的注意
参考例句:
  • I was absolutely riveted by her story. 我完全被她的故事吸引住了。
  • My attention was riveted by a slight movement in the bushes. 我的注意力被灌木丛中的轻微晃动吸引住了。
53 stifled 20d6c5b702a525920b7425fe94ea26a5     
(使)窒息, (使)窒闷( stifle的过去式和过去分词 ); 镇压,遏制; 堵
参考例句:
  • The gas stifled them. 煤气使他们窒息。
  • The rebellion was stifled. 叛乱被镇压了。
54 impeded 7dc9974da5523140b369df3407a86996     
阻碍,妨碍,阻止( impede的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Work on the building was impeded by severe weather. 楼房的施工因天气恶劣而停了下来。
  • He was impeded in his work. 他的工作受阻。
55 sobbing df75b14f92e64fc9e1d7eaf6dcfc083a     
<主方>Ⅰ adj.湿透的
参考例句:
  • I heard a child sobbing loudly. 我听见有个孩子在呜呜地哭。
  • Her eyes were red with recent sobbing. 她的眼睛因刚哭过而发红。
56 touching sg6zQ9     
adj.动人的,使人感伤的
参考例句:
  • It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
  • His letter was touching.他的信很感人。
57 effaced 96bc7c37d0e2e4d8665366db4bc7c197     
v.擦掉( efface的过去式和过去分词 );抹去;超越;使黯然失色
参考例句:
  • Someone has effaced part of the address on his letter. 有人把他信上的一部分地址擦掉了。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • The name of the ship had been effaced from the menus. 那艘船的名字已经从菜单中删除了。 来自辞典例句
58 engulfs 0d52abb440c790ebb58621ec54c7cccf     
v.吞没,包住( engulf的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Hemingway suppresses emtion, Wolfe engulfs the reader in feeling. 海明威感情压抑,沃尔夫却把读者卷进感情的漩涡。 来自辞典例句
  • Consumption ideological trend engulfs the entire world at present age. 当今时代,消费主义呈现席卷全球之势。 来自互联网
59 solitary 7FUyx     
adj.孤独的,独立的,荒凉的;n.隐士
参考例句:
  • I am rather fond of a solitary stroll in the country.我颇喜欢在乡间独自徜徉。
  • The castle rises in solitary splendour on the fringe of the desert.这座城堡巍然耸立在沙漠的边际,显得十分壮美。
60 den 5w9xk     
n.兽穴;秘密地方;安静的小房间,私室
参考例句:
  • There is a big fox den on the back hill.后山有一个很大的狐狸窝。
  • The only way to catch tiger cubs is to go into tiger's den.不入虎穴焉得虎子。
61 captivity qrJzv     
n.囚禁;被俘;束缚
参考例句:
  • A zoo is a place where live animals are kept in captivity for the public to see.动物园是圈养动物以供公众观看的场所。
  • He was held in captivity for three years.他被囚禁叁年。
62 rue 8DGy6     
n.懊悔,芸香,后悔;v.后悔,悲伤,懊悔
参考例句:
  • You'll rue having failed in the examination.你会悔恨考试失败。
  • You're going to rue this the longest day that you live.你要终身悔恨不尽呢。
63 folder KjixL     
n.纸夹,文件夹
参考例句:
  • Peter returned the plan and charts to their folder.彼得把这份计划和表格放回文件夹中。
  • He draws the document from its folder.他把文件从硬纸夹里抽出来。
64 beheld beheld     
v.看,注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 );瞧;看呀;(叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现)哎哟
参考例句:
  • His eyes had never beheld such opulence. 他从未见过这样的财富。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The soul beheld its features in the mirror of the passing moment. 灵魂在逝去的瞬间的镜子中看到了自己的模样。 来自英汉文学 - 红字
65 drowsiness 420d2bd92d26d6690d758ae67fc31048     
n.睡意;嗜睡
参考例句:
  • A feeling of drowsiness crept over him. 一种昏昏欲睡的感觉逐渐袭扰着他。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This decision reached, he finally felt a placid drowsiness steal over him. 想到这,来了一点平安的睡意。 来自汉英文学 - 骆驼祥子
66 crouched 62634c7e8c15b8a61068e36aaed563ab     
v.屈膝,蹲伏( crouch的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • He crouched down beside her. 他在她的旁边蹲了下来。
  • The lion crouched ready to pounce. 狮子蹲下身,准备猛扑。
67 slumbered 90bc7b1e5a8ccd9fdc68d12edbd1f200     
微睡,睡眠(slumber的过去式与过去分词形式)
参考例句:
  • The baby slumbered in his cradle. 婴儿安睡在摇篮中。
  • At that time my virtue slumbered; my evil, kept awake by ambition. 就在那时,我的善的一面睡着了,我的邪恶面因野心勃勃而清醒着。
68 galloping galloping     
adj. 飞驰的, 急性的 动词gallop的现在分词形式
参考例句:
  • The horse started galloping the moment I gave it a good dig. 我猛戳了马一下,它就奔驰起来了。
  • Japan is galloping ahead in the race to develop new technology. 日本在发展新技术的竞争中进展迅速,日新月异。
69 maritime 62yyA     
adj.海的,海事的,航海的,近海的,沿海的
参考例句:
  • Many maritime people are fishermen.许多居于海滨的人是渔夫。
  • The temperature change in winter is less in maritime areas.冬季沿海的温差较小。
70 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
71 cannon 3T8yc     
n.大炮,火炮;飞机上的机关炮
参考例句:
  • The soldiers fired the cannon.士兵们开炮。
  • The cannon thundered in the hills.大炮在山间轰鸣。
72 vessel 4L1zi     
n.船舶;容器,器皿;管,导管,血管
参考例句:
  • The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
  • You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。
73 pane OKKxJ     
n.窗格玻璃,长方块
参考例句:
  • He broke this pane of glass.他打破了这块窗玻璃。
  • Their breath bloomed the frosty pane.他们呼出的水气,在冰冷的窗玻璃上形成一层雾。
74 parenthesis T4MzP     
n.圆括号,插入语,插曲,间歇,停歇
参考例句:
  • There is no space between the function name and the parenthesis.函数名与括号之间没有空格。
  • In this expression,we do not need a multiplication sign or parenthesis.这个表达式中,我们不需要乘号或括号。
75 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
参考例句:
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
76 shuddering 7cc81262357e0332a505af2c19a03b06     
v.战栗( shudder的现在分词 );发抖;(机器、车辆等)突然震动;颤动
参考例句:
  • 'I am afraid of it,'she answered, shuddering. “我害怕,”她发着抖,说。 来自英汉文学 - 双城记
  • She drew a deep shuddering breath. 她不由得打了个寒噤,深深吸了口气。 来自飘(部分)


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