Part 2 Book 1 Chapter 17 Is Waterloo to be considered Good?

There exists a very respectable liberal school which does not hate Waterloo. We do not belong to it. To us, Waterloo is but the stupefied date of liberty. That such an eagle should emerge from such an egg is certainly unexpected.

If one places one's self at the culminating point of view of the question, Waterloo is intentionally² a counter-revolutionary victory. It is Europe against France; it is Petersburg, Berlin, and Vienna against Paris; it is the statu quo against the initiative; it is the 14th of July, 1789, attacked through the 20th of March, 1815; it is the monarchies³ clearing the decks in opposition⁴ to the indomitable French rioting. The final extinction⁵ of that vast people which had been in eruption⁶ for twenty-six years--such was the dream. The solidarity⁷ of the Brunswicks, the Nassaus, the Romanoffs, the Hohenzollerns, the Hapsburgs with the Bourbons. Waterloo bears divine right on its crupper. It is true, that the Empire having been despotic, the kingdom by the natural reaction of things, was forced to be liberal, and that a constitutional order was the unwilling⁸ result of Waterloo, to the great regret of the conquerors¹⁰. It is because revolution cannot be really conquered, and that being providential and absolutely fatal, it is always cropping up afresh: before Waterloo, in Bonaparte overthrowing¹¹ the old thrones; after Waterloo, in Louis XVIII. granting and conforming to the charter. Bonaparte places a postilion on the throne of Naples, and a sergeant¹² on the throne of Sweden, employing inequality to demonstrate equality; Louis XVIII. at Saint-Ouen countersigns¹³ the declaration of the rights of man. If you wish to gain an idea of what revolution is, call it Progress; and if you wish to acquire an idea of the nature of progress, call it To-morrow. To-morrow fulfils its work irresistibly¹⁴, and it is already fulfilling it to-day. It always reaches its goal strangely. It employs Wellington to make of Foy, who was only a soldier, an orator¹⁵. Foy falls at Hougomont and rises again in the tribune. Thus does progress proceed. There is no such thing as a bad tool for that workman. It does not become disconcerted, but adjusts to its divine work the man who has bestridden the Alps, and the good old tottering¹⁶ invalid¹⁷ of Father Elysee. It makes use of the gouty man as well as of the conqueror⁹; of the conqueror without, of the gouty man within. Waterloo, by cutting short the demolition¹⁸ of European thrones by the sword, had no other effect than to cause the revolutionary work to be continued in another direction. The slashers have finished; it was the turn of the thinkers. The century that Waterloo was intended to arrest has pursued its march. That sinister¹⁹ victory was vanquished²⁰ by liberty.

In short, and incontestably, that which triumphed at Waterloo; that which smiled in Wellington's rear; that which brought him all the marshals' staffs of Europe, including, it is said, the staff of a marshal of France; that which joyously²¹ trundled the barrows full of bones to erect²² the knoll²³ of the lion; that which triumphantly²⁴ inscribed²⁵ on that pedestal the date "June 18, 1815"; that which encouraged Blucher, as he put the flying army to the sword; that which, from the heights of the plateau of Mont-Saint-Jean, hovered²⁶ over France as over its prey²⁷, was the counter-revolution. It was the counter-revolution which murmured that infamous²⁸ word "dismemberment." On arriving in Paris, it beheld²⁹ the crater³⁰ close at hand; it felt those ashes which scorched³¹ its feet, and it changed its mind; it returned to the stammer³² of a charter.

Let us behold³³ in Waterloo only that which is in Waterloo. Of intentional¹ liberty there is none. The counter-revolution was involuntarily liberal, in the same manner as, by a corresponding phenomenon, Napoleon was involuntarily revolutionary. On the 18th of June, 1815, the mounted Robespierre was hurled³⁴ from his saddle.

有个很可敬的自由派丝毫不恨滑铁卢。我们不属于那一派。我们认为滑铁卢只是自由骇然惊异的日子。那样的鹰会出自那样的卵，确实出人意料。

假使我们从最高处观察问题，就可以看出滑铁卢是一次有计划的反革命的胜利。是欧洲反抗法国，彼得堡、柏林和维也纳反抗巴黎，是现状反抗创举，是通过一八一五年三月二十日①向一七八九年七月十四日②进行的打击，是王国集团对法兰西不可驯服的运动的颠覆。总之，他们的梦想就是要扑灭这个爆发了二十六年的强大民族。是不伦瑞克、纳索、罗曼诺夫③、霍亨索伦④、哈布斯堡⑤和波旁⑥的联盟。滑铁卢是神权的伥鬼。的确，帝国既然专制，由于事物的自然反应，王国就必然是自由的了，因而有种不称心的立宪制度从滑铁卢产生出来了，使战胜者大为懊丧。那是因为革命力量不可能受到真正的挫败，天理如此，绝无幸免，革命力量迟早总要抬头，在滑铁卢之前，拿破仑推翻了各国的衰朽王朝，在滑铁卢之后，又出了个宣布服从宪章⑦的路易十八。波拿巴在那不勒斯王位上安插了一个御者，又在瑞典王位上安插了一个中士，在不平等中体现了平等；路易十八在圣旺副署了人权宣言。你要了解革命是什么吗？称它为进步就是；你要了解进步是什么吗？管它叫明天就是。明天一往直前地做它的工作，并且从今天起它已开始了。而且很奇怪，它从来不会不达到目的。富瓦⑧原是个军人，它却借了威灵顿的手使他成为一个雄辩家。富瓦在乌古蒙摔了交，却又在讲坛上抬了头。进步便是那样进行工作的。任何工具，到了那个工人的手里，总没有不好使的。它不感到为难，把横跨阿尔卑斯山的那个人和宫墙中的那个龙锺老病夫⑨都抓在手中，替它做那神圣的工作。它利用那个害足痛风的人，也同样利用那个征服者，利用征服者以对外，足痛风病者以对内。滑铁卢在断然制止武力毁灭王座的同时，却又从另一方面去继续它的革命工作，除此以外，它毫无作用。刀斧手的工作告终，思想家的工作开始。滑铁卢想阻挡时代前进，时代却从它头上跨越过去，继续它的路程。那种丑恶的胜利已被自由征服了。

①拿破仑从厄尔巴回来，进入巴黎的日子。

②巴黎人民攻破巴士底狱的日子。

③罗曼诺夫，俄国王室。

④霍亨索伦，德国王室。

⑤哈布斯堡，奥国王室。

⑥波旁，法国王室。

⑦路易十八迫于国内资产阶级自由主义思想的力量，不得不宣布服从宪章，以图缓和矛盾。

⑧富瓦（Foy），拿破仑部下的将军，在滑铁卢战役受伤，继在王朝复辟期间当议员。

⑨指拿破仑和路易十八。　

总之，无可否认，曾在滑铁卢获胜的，曾在威灵顿背后微笑的，曾把整个欧洲的大元帅权杖，据说法国大元帅的权杖也包括在内，送到他手里的，曾欢欣鼓舞地推着那些满是枯骨的土车去堆筑狮子墩的，曾趾高气扬在那基石上刻上一八一五年六月十八日那个日期的，曾鼓舞布吕歇尔去趁火打劫的，曾如同鹰犬从圣约翰山向下追击法兰西的，这些都是反革命。都是些阴谋进行无耻分散活动的反革命。他们到了巴黎以后就近观察了火山口，觉得余灰烫脚，便改变主意，回转头来支支吾吾地谈宪章。滑铁卢有什么我们就只能看见什么。自觉的自由，一点也没有。无意中反革命成了自由主义者，而拿破仑却成了革命者，真是无独有偶。一八一五年六月十八日，罗伯斯庇尔从马背上摔下来了。

1 intentional   

adj.故意的，有意（识）的

参考例句：

• Let me assure you that it was not intentional.我向你保证那不是故意的。
• His insult was intentional.他的侮辱是有意的。

2 intentionally   

ad.故意地，有意地

参考例句：

• I didn't say it intentionally. 我是无心说的。
• The local authority ruled that he had made himself intentionally homeless and was therefore not entitled to be rehoused. 当地政府裁定他是有意居无定所，因此没有资格再获得提供住房。

3 monarchies   

n. 君主政体, 君主国, 君主政治

参考例句：

• It cleared away a number of monarchies. 它清除了好几个君主政体。
• Nowadays, there are few monarchies left in the world. 现在世界上君主制的国家已经很少了。

4 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

5 extinction   

n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种

参考例句：

• The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
• The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。

6 eruption   

n.火山爆发；（战争等）爆发；（疾病等）发作

参考例句：

• The temple was destroyed in the violent eruption of 1470 BC.庙宇在公元前1470年猛烈的火山爆发中摧毁了。
• The eruption of a volcano is spontaneous.火山的爆发是自发的。

7 solidarity   

n.团结；休戚相关

参考例句：

• They must preserve their solidarity.他们必须维护他们的团结。
• The solidarity among China's various nationalities is as firm as a rock.中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。

8 unwilling   

adj.不情愿的

参考例句：

• The natives were unwilling to be bent by colonial power.土著居民不愿受殖民势力的摆布。
• His tightfisted employer was unwilling to give him a raise.他那吝啬的雇主不肯给他加薪。

9 conqueror   

n.征服者，胜利者

参考例句：

• We shall never yield to a conqueror.我们永远不会向征服者低头。
• They abandoned the city to the conqueror.他们把那个城市丢弃给征服者。

10 conquerors   

征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Danes had selfconfidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. 这些丹麦人具有征服者的自信，而且他们的安全防卫也是漫不经心的。
• The conquerors believed in crushing the defeated people into submission, knowing that they could not win their loyalty by the victory. 征服者们知道他们的胜利并不能赢得失败者的忠心，于是就认为只有通过武力才能将他们压服。

11 overthrowing   

v.打倒，推翻( overthrow的现在分词 )；使终止

参考例句：

• They succeeded in overthrowing the fascist dictatorship. 他们成功推翻了法西斯独裁统治。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I always delight in overthrowing those kinds of schemes. 我一向喜欢戳穿人家的诡计。 来自辞典例句

12 sergeant   

n.警官，中士

参考例句：

• His elder brother is a sergeant.他哥哥是个警官。
• How many stripes are there on the sleeve of a sergeant?陆军中士的袖子上有多少条纹？

13 countersigns   

v.连署，副署，会签 （文件）( countersign的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

14 irresistibly   

adv.无法抵抗地，不能自持地；极为诱惑人地

参考例句：

• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside. 她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He was irresistibly attracted by her charm. 他不能自已地被她的魅力所吸引。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 orator   

n.演说者，演讲者，雄辩家

参考例句：

• He was so eloquent that he cut down the finest orator.他能言善辩，胜过最好的演说家。
• The orator gestured vigorously while speaking.这位演讲者讲话时用力地做手势。

16 tottering   

adj.蹒跚的，动摇的v.走得或动得不稳( totter的现在分词 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠

参考例句：

• the tottering walls of the castle 古城堡摇摇欲坠的墙壁
• With power and to spare we must pursue the tottering foe. 宜将剩勇追穷寇。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

17 invalid   

n.病人，伤残人；adj.有病的，伤残的；无效的

参考例句：

• He will visit an invalid.他将要去看望一个病人。
• A passport that is out of date is invalid.护照过期是无效的。

18 demolition   

n.破坏,毁坏,毁坏之遗迹

参考例句：

• The church has been threatened with demolition for years. 这座教堂多年来一直面临拆毀的威胁。
• The project required the total demolition of the old bridge. 该项目要求将老桥完全拆毁。

19 sinister   

adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的

参考例句：

• There is something sinister at the back of that series of crimes.在这一系列罪行背后有险恶的阴谋。
• Their proposals are all worthless and designed out of sinister motives.他们的建议不仅一钱不值，而且包藏祸心。

20 vanquished   

v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制

参考例句：

• She had fought many battles, vanquished many foes. 她身经百战，挫败过很多对手。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I vanquished her coldness with my assiduity. 我对她关心照顾从而消除了她的冷淡。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

21 joyously   

ad.快乐地, 高兴地

参考例句：

• She opened the door for me and threw herself in my arms, screaming joyously and demanding that we decorate the tree immediately. 她打开门，直扑我的怀抱，欣喜地喊叫着要马上装饰圣诞树。
• They came running, crying out joyously in trilling girlish voices. 她们边跑边喊，那少女的颤音好不欢快。 来自名作英译部分

22 erect   

n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的

参考例句：

• She held her head erect and her back straight.她昂着头，把背挺得笔直。
• Soldiers are trained to stand erect.士兵们训练站得笔直。

23 knoll   

n.小山，小丘

参考例句：

• Silver had terrible hard work getting up the knoll.对于希尔弗来说，爬上那小山丘真不是件容易事。
• He crawled up a small knoll and surveyed the prospect.他慢腾腾地登上一个小丘，看了看周围的地形。

24 triumphantly   

ad.得意洋洋地；得胜地；成功地

参考例句：

• The lion was roaring triumphantly. 狮子正在发出胜利的吼叫。
• Robert was looking at me triumphantly. 罗伯特正得意扬扬地看着我。

25 inscribed   

v.写，刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；内接

参考例句：

• His name was inscribed on the trophy. 他的名字刻在奖杯上。
• The names of the dead were inscribed on the wall. 死者的名字被刻在墙上。 来自《简明英汉词典》

26 hovered   

鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫

参考例句：

• A hawk hovered over the hill. 一只鹰在小山的上空翱翔。
• A hawk hovered in the blue sky. 一只老鹰在蓝色的天空中翱翔。

27 prey   

n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨

参考例句：

• Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
• The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。

28 infamous   

adj.声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的，邪恶的

参考例句：

• He was infamous for his anti-feminist attitudes.他因反对女性主义而声名狼藉。
• I was shocked by her infamous behaviour.她的无耻行径令我震惊。

29 beheld   

v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟

参考例句：

• His eyes had never beheld such opulence. 他从未见过这样的财富。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The soul beheld its features in the mirror of the passing moment. 灵魂在逝去的瞬间的镜子中看到了自己的模样。 来自英汉文学 - 红字

30 crater   

n.火山口，弹坑

参考例句：

• With a telescope you can see the huge crater of Ve-suvius.用望远镜你能看到巨大的维苏威火山口。
• They came to the lip of a dead crater.他们来到了一个死火山口。

31 scorched   

烧焦，烤焦( scorch的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（植物）枯萎，把…晒枯； 高速行驶； 枯焦

参考例句：

• I scorched my dress when I was ironing it. 我把自己的连衣裙熨焦了。
• The hot iron scorched the tablecloth. 热熨斗把桌布烫焦了。

32 stammer   

n.结巴，口吃；v.结结巴巴地说

参考例句：

• He's got a bad stammer.他口吃非常严重。
• We must not try to play off the boy troubled with a stammer.我们不可以取笑这个有口吃病的男孩。

33 behold   

v.看，注视，看到

参考例句：

• The industry of these little ants is wonderful to behold.这些小蚂蚁辛勤劳动的样子看上去真令人惊叹。
• The sunrise at the seaside was quite a sight to behold.海滨日出真是个奇景。

34 hurled   

v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂

参考例句：

• He hurled a brick through the window. 他往窗户里扔了块砖。
• The strong wind hurled down bits of the roof. 大风把屋顶的瓦片刮了下来。 来自《简明英汉词典》