Part 2 Book 6 Chapter 10 Origin of the Perpetual Adoration

However, this almost sepulchral¹ parlor², of which we have sought to convey an idea, is a purely³ local trait which is not reproduced with the same severity in other convents. At the convent of the Rue⁴ du Temple, in particular, which belonged, in truth, to another order, the black shutters⁵ were replaced by brown curtains, and the parlor itself was a salon⁶ with a polished wood floor, whose windows were draped in white muslin curtains and whose walls admitted all sorts of frames, a portrait of a Benedictine nun⁷ with unveiled face, painted bouquets⁸, and even the head of a Turk.

It is in that garden of the Temple convent, that stood that famous chestnut⁹-tree which was renowned¹⁰ as the finest and the largest in France, and which bore the reputation among the good people of the eighteenth century of being the father of all the chestnut trees of the realm.

As we have said, this convent of the Temple was occupied by Benedictines of the Perpetual Adoration¹¹, Benedictines quite different from those who depended on Citeaux. This order of the Perpetual Adoration is not very ancient and does not go back more than two hundred years. In 1649 the holy sacrament was profaned¹² on two occasions a few days apart, in two churches in Paris, at Saint-Sulpice and at Saint-Jean en Greve, a rare and frightful¹³ sacrilege which set the whole town in an uproar¹⁴. M. the Prior and Vicar-General of Saint-Germain des Pres ordered a solemn procession of all his clergy¹⁵, in which the Pope's Nuncio officiated. But this expiation¹⁶ did not satisfy two sainted women, Madame Courtin, Marquise de Boucs, and the Comtesse de Chateauvieux. This outrage¹⁷ committed on "the most holy sacrament of the altar," though but temporary, would not depart from these holy souls, and it seemed to them that it could only be extenuated¹⁸ by a "Perpetual Adoration" in some female monastery¹⁹. Both of them, one in 1652, the other in 1653, made donations of notable sums to Mother Catherine de Bar, called of the Holy Sacrament, a Benedictine nun, for the purpose of founding, to this pious²⁰ end, a monastery of the order of Saint-Benoit; the first permission for this foundation was given to Mother Catherine de Bar by M. de Metz, Abbe of Saint-Germain, "on condition that no woman could be received unless she contributed three hundred livres income, which amounts to six thousand livres, to the principal." After the Abbe of Saint-Germain, the king accorded letters-patent; and all the rest, abbatial charter, and royal letters, was confirmed in 1654 by the Chamber²¹ of Accounts and the Parliament.

Such is the origin of the legal consecration²² of the establishment of the Benedictines of the Perpetual Adoration of the Holy Sacrament at Paris. Their first convent was "a new building" in the Rue Cassette, out of the contributions of Mesdames de Boucs and de Chateauvieux.

This order, as it will be seen, was not to be confounded with the Benedictine nuns²³ of Citeaux. It mounted back to the Abbe of Saint-Germain des Pres, in the same manner that the ladies of the Sacred Heart go back to the general of the Jesuits, and the sisters of charity to the general of the Lazarists.

It was also totally different from the Bernardines of the Petit-Picpus, whose interior we have just shown. In 1657, Pope Alexander VII. had authorized²⁴, by a special brief, the Bernardines of the Rue Petit-Picpus, to practise the Perpetual Adoration like the Benedictine nuns of the Holy Sacrament. But the two orders remained distinct none the less.

此外，我们刚才指出来的那间近似坟墓的会客室，那也只是种个别情况，在其他修院里不至于严厉到那种程度。尤其是在大庙街，老实说在属于另一系统的那个修院里，那种暗无天日的板窗是由栗黄色帷幕替代的，会客室也是一间装了镶花地板的小厅，窗上挂着雅致的白纱窗帘，墙上挂着各种不同的玻璃框，一幅露出了脸的本笃会修女的画像、几幅油画花卉，甚至还有一个土耳其人的头。

号称法兰西全国最美最大并在十八世纪善良的人民口中誉为“王国一切栗树之父”的那棵印度栗树，正是栽在大庙街上那个修院的园子里的。

我们说过，大庙街上的这座修院是属于永敬会－本笃会的修女的，那里的本笃会修女和隶属于西多的本笃会修女完全是两回事。永敬会的历史并不很久，不会超过两百年。一六四九年，在巴黎的两个礼拜堂里，圣稣尔比斯和格雷沃的圣约翰，圣体曾两次被亵渎，前后两次相隔不过几天，那种少见的渎神罪发生后全城的人都为之骇然。圣日耳曼·德·勃雷的大助理主教兼院长先生传谕给他的全体圣职人员，举行了一次隆重的迎神游行仪式，那次仪式并由罗马教皇的使臣主持。但有两个尊贵的妇人，古尔丹夫人（即布克侯爵夫人）和沙多维安伯爵夫人，感到那样赎罪还不够。那种对“神坛上极其崇高的圣体”所犯的罪行，虽是偶然发生的，但在那两位圣女看来，却认为不该就那样草草了事，她们认为只有在某个女修院里进行“永恒的敬礼”才能补赎。她们俩，一个在一六五二年，一个在一六五三年，为这虔诚的心愿捐款了大笔的钱给一个叫卡特琳·德·巴尔嬷嬷，又名圣体嬷嬷的本笃会修女，要她替圣伯努瓦系创建一个修院。圣日耳曼修院院长梅茨先生首先许可卡特琳·德·巴尔嬷嬷建院，“约定申请入院的女子必须年缴住院费三百利弗，也就是六千利弗的本金，否则不许入院。”继圣日耳曼修院院长之后，国王又颁发了准许状，到一六五四年，修院的许可证和国王的准许状又一并经财务部门和法院通过批准。

这就是本笃会修女们在巴黎建立圣体永敬会的起源和法律根据。她们的第一个修院是用布克夫人和沙多维安夫人的钱在卡塞特街“修建一新”的。

因此我们知道，那个修会绝不能和西多的本笃会修女混为一谈。它隶属于圣日耳曼·德·勃雷的修院院长，正如圣心会的嬷嬷隶属于耶稣会会长，仁慈会的嬷嬷隶属于辣匝禄会会长一样。

它和小比克布斯的伯尔纳修女也完全是另一回事，小比克布斯的内部情况是我们前面已经谈过了的。罗马教皇亚历山大七世在一六五七年有过专牒，准许小比克布斯的伯尔纳修女和圣体会的本笃系的修女一样，修持永敬仪轨。但是那两个修会并不因此而属于同一体系。

1 sepulchral   

adj.坟墓的，阴深的

参考例句：

• He made his way along the sepulchral corridors.他沿着阴森森的走廊走着。
• There was a rather sepulchral atmosphere in the room.房间里有一种颇为阴沉的气氛。

2 parlor   

n.店铺，营业室；会客室，客厅

参考例句：

• She was lying on a small settee in the parlor.她躺在客厅的一张小长椅上。
• Is there a pizza parlor in the neighborhood?附近有没有比萨店？

3 purely   

adv.纯粹地，完全地

参考例句：

• I helped him purely and simply out of friendship.我帮他纯粹是出于友情。
• This disproves the theory that children are purely imitative.这证明认为儿童只会单纯地模仿的理论是站不住脚的。

4 rue   

n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔

参考例句：

• You'll rue having failed in the examination.你会悔恨考试失败。
• You're going to rue this the longest day that you live.你要终身悔恨不尽呢。

5 shutters   

百叶窗( shutter的名词复数 )； （照相机的）快门

参考例句：

• The shop-front is fitted with rolling shutters. 那商店的店门装有卷门。
• The shutters thumped the wall in the wind. 在风中百叶窗砰砰地碰在墙上。

6 salon   

n.[法]沙龙；客厅；营业性的高级服务室

参考例句：

• Do you go to the hairdresser or beauty salon more than twice a week?你每周去美容院或美容沙龙多过两次吗？
• You can hear a lot of dirt at a salon.你在沙龙上会听到很多流言蜚语。

7 nun   

n.修女，尼姑

参考例句：

• I can't believe that the famous singer has become a nun.我无法相信那个著名的歌星已做了修女。
• She shaved her head and became a nun.她削发为尼。

8 bouquets   

n.花束( bouquet的名词复数 )；（酒的）芳香

参考例句：

• The welcoming crowd waved their bouquets. 欢迎的群众摇动着花束。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• As the hero stepped off the platform, he was surrounded by several children with bouquets. 当英雄走下讲台时，已被几名手持花束的儿童围住了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 chestnut   

n.栗树，栗子

参考例句：

• We have a chestnut tree in the bottom of our garden.我们的花园尽头有一棵栗树。
• In summer we had tea outdoors,under the chestnut tree.夏天我们在室外栗树下喝茶。

10 renowned   

adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的

参考例句：

• He is one of the world's renowned writers.他是世界上知名的作家之一。
• She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.她以提倡人权而闻名。

11 adoration   

n.爱慕，崇拜

参考例句：

• He gazed at her with pure adoration.他一往情深地注视着她。
• The old lady fell down in adoration before Buddhist images.那老太太在佛像面前顶礼膜拜。

12 profaned   

v.不敬( profane的过去式和过去分词 )；亵渎，玷污

参考例句：

• They have profaned the long upheld traditions of the church. 他们亵渎了教会长期沿袭的传统。 来自辞典例句
• Their behaviour profaned the holy place. 他们的行为玷污了这处圣地。 来自辞典例句

13 frightful   

adj.可怕的；讨厌的

参考例句：

• How frightful to have a husband who snores!有一个发鼾声的丈夫多讨厌啊！
• We're having frightful weather these days.这几天天气坏极了。

14 uproar   

n.骚动，喧嚣，鼎沸

参考例句：

• She could hear the uproar in the room.她能听见房间里的吵闹声。
• His remarks threw the audience into an uproar.他的讲话使听众沸腾起来。

15 clergy   

n.[总称]牧师，神职人员

参考例句：

• I could heartily wish that more of our country clergy would follow this example.我衷心希望，我国有更多的牧师效法这个榜样。
• All the local clergy attended the ceremony.当地所有的牧师出席了仪式。

16 expiation   

n.赎罪，补偿

参考例句：

• 'served him right,'said Drouet afterward, even in view of her keen expiation of her error. “那是他活该，"这一场结束时杜洛埃说，尽管那个妻子已竭力要赎前愆。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
• Jesus made expiation for our sins on the cross. 耶稣在十字架上为我们赎了罪。 来自互联网

17 outrage   

n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒

参考例句：

• When he heard the news he reacted with a sense of outrage.他得悉此事时义愤填膺。
• We should never forget the outrage committed by the Japanese invaders.我们永远都不应该忘记日本侵略者犯下的暴行。

18 extenuated   

v.（用偏袒的辩解或借口）减轻( extenuate的过去式和过去分词 )；低估，藐视

参考例句：

• What can be excused or extenuated in criminal cases necessity is not so in civil ones. 紧急状况在刑事案件中免除、减轻罪责，但在民事案件却不免除、减轻责任。 来自互联网

19 monastery   

n.修道院，僧院，寺院

参考例句：

• They found an icon in the monastery.他们在修道院中发现了一个圣像。
• She was appointed the superior of the monastery two years ago.两年前她被任命为这个修道院的院长。

20 pious   

adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的

参考例句：

• Alexander is a pious follower of the faith.亚历山大是个虔诚的信徒。
• Her mother was a pious Christian.她母亲是一个虔诚的基督教徒。

21 chamber   

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

• For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
• The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

22 consecration   

n.供献，奉献，献祭仪式

参考例句：

• "What we did had a consecration of its own. “我们的所作所为其本身是一种神圣的贡献。 来自英汉文学 - 红字
• If you do add Consecration or healing, your mana drop down lower. 如果你用了奉献或者治疗，你的蓝将会慢慢下降。 来自互联网

23 nuns   

n.（通常指基督教的）修女， （佛教的）尼姑( nun的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Ah Q had always had the greatest contempt for such people as little nuns. 小尼姑之流是阿Q本来视如草芥的。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Nuns are under vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. 修女须立誓保持清贫、贞洁、顺从。 来自辞典例句

24 authorized   

a.委任的，许可的

参考例句：

• An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。