Part 3 Book 1 Chapter 7 The Gamin should have his Place in the Classifications of India

The body of street Arabs in Paris almost constitutes a caste. One might almost say: Not every one who wishes to belong to it can do so.

This word gamin was printed for the first time, and reached popular speech through the literary tongue, in 1834. It is in a little work entitled Claude Gueux that this word made its appearance. The horror was lively. The word passed into circulation.

The elements which constitute the consideration of the gamins for each other are very various. We have known and associated with one who was greatly respected and vastly admired because he had seen a man fall from the top of the tower of Notre-Dame; another, because he had succeeded in making his way into the rear courtyard where the statues of the dome¹ of the Invalides had been temporarily deposited, and had "prigged" some lead from them; a third, because he had seen a diligence tip over; still another, because he "knew" a soldier who came near putting out the eye of a citizen.

This explains that famous exclamation² of a Parisian gamin, a profound epiphonema, which the vulgar herd³ laughs at without comprehending,--Dieu de Dieu! What ill-luck I do have! to think that I have never yet seen anybody tumble from a fifth-story window! (I have pronounced I'ave and fifth pronounced fift'.)

Surely, this saying of a peasant is a fine one: "Father So-and-So, your wife has died of her malady⁴; why did you not send for the doctor?" "What would you have, sir, we poor folks die of ourselves." But if the peasant's whole passivity lies in this saying, the whole of the free-thinking anarchy⁵ of the brat⁶ of the faubourgs is, assuredly, contained in this other saying. A man condemned⁷ to death is listening to his confessor in the tumbrel. The child of Paris exclaims: "He is talking to his black cap! Oh, the sneak⁸!"

A certain audacity⁹ on matters of religion sets off the gamin. To be strong-minded is an important item.

To be present at executions constitutes a duty. He shows himself at the guillotine, and he laughs. He calls it by all sorts of pet names: The End of the Soup, The Growler, The Mother in the Blue (the sky), The Last Mouthful, etc., etc. In order not to lose anything of the affair, he scales the walls, he hoists¹⁰ himself to balconies, he ascends¹¹ trees, he suspends himself to gratings, he clings fast to chimneys. The gamin is born a tiler as he is born a mariner¹². A roof inspires him with no more fear than a mast. There is no festival which comes up to an execution on the Place de Greve. Samson and the Abbe Montes are the truly popular names. They hoot¹³ at the victim in order to encourage him. They sometimes admire him. Lacenaire, when a gamin, on seeing the hideous¹⁴ Dautin die bravely, uttered these words which contain a future: "I was jealous of him." In the brotherhood¹⁵ of gamins Voltaire is not known, but Papavoine is. "Politicians" are confused with assassins in the same legend. They have a tradition as to everybody's last garment. It is known that Tolleron had a fireman's cap, Avril an otter¹⁶ cap, Losvel a round hat, that old Delaporte was bald and bare-headed, that Castaing was all ruddy and very handsome, that Bories had a romantic small beard, that Jean Martin kept on his suspenders, that Lecouffe and his mother quarrelled. "Don't reproach each other for your basket," shouted a gamin to them. Another, in order to get a look at Debacker as he passed, and being too small in the crowd, caught sight of the lantern on the quay¹⁷ and climbed it. A gendarme¹⁸ stationed opposite frowned. "Let me climb up, m'sieu le gendarme," said the gamin. And, to soften¹⁹ the heart of the authorities he added: "I will not fall." "I don't care if you do," retorted the gendarme.

In the brotherhood of gamins, a memorable²⁰ accident counts for a great deal. One reaches the height of consideration if one chances to cut one's self very deeply, "to the very bone."

The fist is no mediocre²¹ element of respect. One of the things that the gamin is fondest of saying is: "I am fine and strong, come now!" To be left-handed renders you very enviable. A squint²² is highly esteemed²³.

巴黎的野孩群几乎是一个阶层。我们可以说，谁也不要他们。

“野孩”（gamin）这个词，到一八三四年才初次印成文字，由人民的语言进入文学词汇。它是在一本题名为《克洛德·格》的小书里初次出现的。当时曾使舆论哗然，这个词却被接受了。

使那些野孩相互间得到敬重的因素是多种多样的。我们认识一个野孩，并且和他有点交往，他因见到过一个人从圣母院的塔顶上摔下来而受到高度敬重和钦佩；另外一个，是因为他曾千方百计钻进一个后院，并且从暂时寄放在那里的几个从残废军人院圆屋顶上取下的塑像身上“摸”了一些铅块；第三个，因为见过公共马车翻身；还有一个，因为他“认识”一个几乎打瞎了一个老财的眼睛的士兵。

这才让我们理解到为什么一个巴黎的野孩会嚷出这样的话：“天主的天主！我有没有倒霉事儿！只需说我还一直没见过一个人从五层楼上摔下来呢！”Ai－je（我有没有）说成j’ai－ty，cinquième（第五）说成cintième。那种含义深远的警句是俗物听不懂的，只能一笑了之。

下面这是个乡下人说的话，那当然是一种妙语：“我说伯伯，您的老婆害病死了，您为什么没有找医生？”

“那有什么办法，先生，我们这些穷人，我们自己死自己的就是了。”假如那样的谈话能代表乡下人的那种辛辣的被动性格，下面的这句就必然能代表郊区小孩那种无政府主义的自由思想。一个被判处死刑的人在囚车里听着他的忏悔神甫说教。巴黎的孩子嚷了起来：“他和吃教门饭的讲话。哈！这孱头！”

在具有宗教意味的事物前表示一定程度的勇敢，可以抬高野孩的声望。意志坚强是重要的。

赶法场，成了一种义务。大家指着断头台笑。他们替那东西取了各色各样的小名：面包汤的末日、嘟囔鬼、升天娘娘、最后一口，等等。为了要看个清楚，便爬墙，登阳台，上树，攀铁栅栏，跨烟囱。野孩生来就是盖瓦工人，正如他生来就是水手一样。在他看来，房顶并不比桅杆更可怕。没有比格雷沃更热闹的场合了。桑松①和孟台斯神甫②真是两个无人不知谁人不晓的名字。为了鼓励那受刑的人，大家围着他喝彩。有时也对他表示羡慕。拉色内尔③在当野孩时，望着那可怕的多坦从容就刑时说过这样一句谶语：“我真动了醋劲儿。”在那野孩群里，没有人知道伏尔泰，却有人知道巴巴弗因。他们把“政治家”和凶杀犯混为一谈。他们把每个人最后一刻的模样都口口相传保存下来。他们知道多勒隆戴一顶司机帽，阿弗利戴一顶獭皮便帽，卢韦尔戴一顶圆顶宽边帽，老德拉波尔特是个秃子，光着头，加斯旦肤色红嫩、非常漂亮，波利斯留着浪漫派的短胡子，让·马尔丹还背着他的吊裤带，勒古费和他的母亲吵架。“别为你的筐子④罗嗦了。”有个野孩冲着他们喊。另一个，为了要看德巴凯走过，由于挤在人堆里太矮了，在看到河沿上的路灯杆时便爬了上去。一个在那里站岗的警察皱起眉头。

①桑松（Samson），当时执行死刑的刽子手。

②孟台斯（Monfès），当时陪死刑犯至刑台就刑之神甫。

③拉色内尔（Lacenaire），一个在一八三六年被处死刑的杀人犯。

④筐子指无法挽救的事，出自成语“再见，筐子，葡萄已经收过了。”

“请让我上去，警察先生。”那野孩说。为了软化那官长，他又补上一句：“我不会摔交的。”“我才不管你摔不摔交呢。”那警察答道。

在野孩群里，凡是难忘的意外都是极受重视的。孩子会获得最大的敬意，要是他偶然很重地割了自己一刀“直到骨头”。

拳头不是一种微不足道的使人尊敬的因素。野孩最爱说的是“放心，我浑身是劲！”左撇子相当受人羡慕，斗鸡眼也为人珍惜。

1 dome   

n.圆屋顶，拱顶

参考例句：

• The dome was supported by white marble columns.圆顶由白色大理石柱支撑着。
• They formed the dome with the tree's branches.他们用树枝搭成圆屋顶。

2 exclamation   

n.感叹号，惊呼，惊叹词

参考例句：

• He could not restrain an exclamation of approval.他禁不住喝一声采。
• The author used three exclamation marks at the end of the last sentence to wake up the readers.作者在文章的最后一句连用了三个惊叹号，以引起读者的注意。

3 herd   

n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起

参考例句：

• She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
• He had no opinions of his own but simply follow the herd.他从无主见，只是人云亦云。

4 malady   

n.病，疾病(通常做比喻)

参考例句：

• There is no specific remedy for the malady.没有医治这种病的特效药。
• They are managing to control the malady into a small range.他们设法将疾病控制在小范围之内。

5 anarchy   

n.无政府状态；社会秩序混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• There would be anarchy if we had no police.要是没有警察，社会就会无法无天。
• The country was thrown into a state of anarchy.这国家那时一下子陷入无政府状态。

6 brat   

n.孩子；顽童

参考例句：

• He's a spoilt brat.他是一个被宠坏了的调皮孩子。
• The brat sicked his dog on the passer-by.那个顽童纵狗去咬过路人。

7 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

8 sneak   

vt.潜行(隐藏,填石缝)；偷偷摸摸做；n.潜行；adj.暗中进行

参考例句：

• He raised his spear and sneak forward.他提起长矛悄悄地前进。
• I saw him sneak away from us.我看见他悄悄地从我们身边走开。

9 audacity   

n.大胆，卤莽，无礼

参考例句：

• He had the audacity to ask for an increase in salary.他竟然厚着脸皮要求增加薪水。
• He had the audacity to pick pockets in broad daylight.他竟敢在光天化日之下掏包。

10 hoists   

把…吊起，升起( hoist的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Mine hoists are usually operated by the counterbalance of an ascending and a descending car. 矿井升降机通常用一个升车一个落车互相平衡的方法进行操作。
• Sam understands tacitly. He hoists his cup saying. 山姆心领神会，举起酒杯。

11 ascends   

v.上升，攀登( ascend的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The azygos vein ascends in the right paravertebral gutter. 奇静脉在右侧脊柱旁沟内上升。 来自辞典例句
• The mortality curve ascends gradually to a plateau at age 65. 死亡曲线逐渐上升，到65岁时成平稳状态。 来自辞典例句

12 mariner   

n.水手号不载人航天探测器，海员，航海者

参考例句：

• A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner.平静的大海决不能造就熟练的水手。
• A mariner must have his eye upon rocks and sands as well as upon the North Star.海员不仅要盯着北极星，还要注意暗礁和险滩。

13 hoot   

n.鸟叫声，汽车的喇叭声； v.使汽车鸣喇叭

参考例句：

• The sudden hoot of a whistle broke into my thoughts.突然响起的汽笛声打断了我的思路。
• In a string of shrill hoot of the horn sound,he quickly ran to her.在一串尖声鸣叫的喇叭声中，他快速地跑向她。

14 hideous   

adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的

参考例句：

• The whole experience had been like some hideous nightmare.整个经历就像一场可怕的噩梦。
• They're not like dogs,they're hideous brutes.它们不像狗，是丑陋的畜牲。

15 brotherhood   

n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊

参考例句：

• They broke up the brotherhood.他们断绝了兄弟关系。
• They live and work together in complete equality and brotherhood.他们完全平等和兄弟般地在一起生活和工作。

16 otter   

n.水獭

参考例句：

• The economists say the competition otter to the brink of extinction.经济学家们说，竞争把海獭推到了灭绝的边缘。
• She collared my black wool coat with otter pelts.她把我的黑呢上衣镶上了水獭领。

17 quay   

n.码头，靠岸处

参考例句：

• There are all kinds of ships in a quay.码头停泊各式各样的船。
• The side of the boat hit the quay with a grinding jar.船舷撞到码头发出刺耳的声音。

18 gendarme   

n.宪兵

参考例句：

• A gendarme was crossing the court.一个宪兵正在院子里踱步。
• While he was at work,a gendarme passed,observed him,and demanded his papers.正在他工作时，有个警察走过，注意到他，便向他要证件。

19 soften   

v.(使)变柔软；(使)变柔和

参考例句：

• Plastics will soften when exposed to heat.塑料适当加热就可以软化。
• This special cream will help to soften up our skin.这种特殊的护肤霜有助于使皮肤变得柔软。

20 memorable   

adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的

参考例句：

• This was indeed the most memorable day of my life.这的确是我一生中最值得怀念的日子。
• The veteran soldier has fought many memorable battles.这个老兵参加过许多难忘的战斗。

21 mediocre   

adj.平常的，普通的

参考例句：

• The student tried hard,but his work is mediocre. 该生学习刻苦，但学业平庸。
• Only lazybones and mediocre persons could hanker after the days of messing together.只有懒汉庸才才会留恋那大锅饭的年代。

22 squint   

v. 使变斜视眼, 斜视, 眯眼看, 偏移, 窥视; n. 斜视, 斜孔小窗; adj. 斜视的, 斜的

参考例句：

• A squint can sometimes be corrected by an eyepatch. 斜视有时候可以通过戴眼罩来纠正。
• The sun was shinning straight in her eyes which made her squint. 太阳直射着她的眼睛,使她眯起了眼睛。

23 esteemed   

adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为

参考例句：

• The art of conversation is highly esteemed in France. 在法国十分尊重谈话技巧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He esteemed that he understood what I had said. 他认为已经听懂我说的意思了。 来自《简明英汉词典》