Part 3 Book 2 Chapter 1 Ninety Years and Thirty-two Teeth

In the Rue¹ Boucherat, Rue de Normandie and the Rue de Saintonge there still exist a few ancient inhabitants who have preserved the memory of a worthy² man named M. Gillenormand, and who mention him with complaisance³. This good man was old when they were young. This silhouette⁴ has not yet entirely⁵ disappeared--for those who regard with melancholy⁶ that vague swarm⁷ of shadows which is called the past-- from the labyrinth⁸ of streets in the vicinity of the Temple to which, under Louis XIV., the names of all the provinces of France were appended exactly as in our day, the streets of the new Tivoli quarter have received the names of all the capitals of Europe; a progression, by the way, in which progress is visible.

M.Gillenormand, who was as much alive as possible in 1831, was one of those men who had become curiosities to be viewed, simply because they have lived a long time, and who are strange because they formerly⁹ resembled everybody, and now resemble nobody. He was a peculiar¹⁰ old man, and in very truth, a man of another age, the real, complete and rather haughty¹¹ bourgeois¹² of the eighteenth century, who wore his good, old bourgeoisie with the air with which marquises wear their marquisates. He was over ninety years of age, his walk was erect¹³, he talked loudly, saw clearly, drank neat, ate, slept, and snored. He had all thirty-two of his teeth. He only wore spectacles when he read. He was of an amorous¹⁴ disposition¹⁵, but declared that, for the last ten years, he had wholly and decidedly renounced¹⁶ women. He could no longer please, he said; he did not add: "I am too old," but: "I am too poor." He said: "If I were not ruined--Heee!" All he had left, in fact, was an income of about fifteen thousand francs. His dream was to come into an inheritance and to have a hundred thousand livres income for mistresses. He did not belong, as the reader will perceive, to that puny¹⁷ variety of octogenaries who, like M. de Voltaire, have been dying all their life; his was no longevity¹⁸ of a cracked pot; this jovial¹⁹ old man had always had good health. He was superficial, rapid, easily angered. He flew into a passion at everything, generally quite contrary to all reason. When contradicted, he raised his cane²⁰; he beat people as he had done in the great century. He had a daughter over fifty years of age, and unmarried, whom he chastised²¹ severely²² with his tongue, when in a rage, and whom he would have liked to whip. She seemed to him to be eight years old. He boxed his servants' ears soundly, and said: "Ah! carogne!" One of his oaths was: "By the pantoufloche of the pantouflochade!" He had singular freaks of tranquillity²³; he had himself shaved every day by a barber who had been mad and who detested²⁴ him, being jealous of M. Gillenormand on account of his wife, a pretty and coquettish barberess. M. Gillenormand admired his own discernment in all things, and declared that he was extremely sagacious; here is one of his sayings: "I have, in truth, some penetration²⁵; I am able to say when a flea²⁶ bites me, from what woman it came."

The words which he uttered the most frequently were: the sensible man, and nature. He did not give to this last word the grand acceptation which our epoch²⁷ has accorded to it, but he made it enter, after his own fashion, into his little chimney-corner satires²⁸: "Nature," he said, "in order that civilization may have a little of everything, gives it even specimens²⁹ of its amusing barbarism. Europe possesses specimens of Asia and Africa on a small scale. The cat is a drawing-room tiger, the lizard³⁰ is a pocket crocodile. The dancers at the opera are pink female savages³¹. They do not eat men, they crunch³² them; or, magicians that they are, they transform them into oysters³³ and swallow them. The Caribbeans leave only the bones, they leave only the shell. Such are our morals. We do not devour³⁴, we gnaw³⁵; we do not exterminate³⁶, we claw."

在布什拉街、诺曼底街和圣东日街现在还有几个老居民，都还记得一个叫做吉诺曼先生的老人，并且在谈到他时总免不了有些向往的心情。那老人在他们还年轻时便已上了年纪。他的形象，对那些怀着惆怅心情回顾那一片若有似无的幢幢黑影----所谓过去----的人来说，还没有在大庙附近那些迷宫似的街道里完全消失。在那些地方，在路易十四时代，人们用法国全部行省的名称来命名街道，和我们今天的蒂沃利新区用欧洲所有首都的名称来命名街道一样，是绝对相似的。附带说一句，这是前进，其中进步意义是明显的。

那位在一八三一年还健到不能再健的吉诺曼先生是那样一个仅仅由于寿长而值得一看的奇人，也是那样一个在从前和所有人全一样而现在和任何人全不一样的怪人。那是一个独特的老人，千真万确是另一个时代的人，是一个真正原封不动、略带傲味的那种十八世纪的绅士，死抱着他那腐朽发臭的缙绅派头，正如侯爷珍惜他的侯爷爵位一样。他已过了九十高龄，步伐稳健，声音洪亮，目光炯炯，喝酒不搀水，能吃，能睡，能打鼾。他有三十二颗牙。除了阅读，他不戴眼镜。他还有兴致自诩多情，但他又常说，十年以来，已干脆彻底放弃女人了。他说他已不能讨人家的喜欢。此外，他不说“我太老了”，而是说“我太穷了”。他常说：“要是我的家产没有败的话……嘿嘿！”的确，他只剩下一万五千利弗左右的年息了。他的美梦是希望能继承一笔遗产，能有十万法郎的年金，好找小娘儿们。我们可以看出，他和伏尔泰先生绝不相同，他绝不是那种一辈子都是半死不活、与鬼为邻的八十岁老翁，这不是一位风中残烛似的寿星，这位雄心犹存的老者一向非常健康。他是浅薄、急躁、容易动火的。他动辄大发雷霆，经常违悖情理。如果有人不肯迎合他的旨意，他便举起手杖，常常打人，好象他还生活在大世纪①似的。他有一个女儿，五十出头了，没有结婚，他发脾气时便痛打那个女儿，恨不得用鞭子抽。在他看来，她好象只有八岁。他经常狠狠地恶骂用人，常说：“哈！坏女人！”他骂人的话中有句是“破鞋堆里的破鞋”！有时，他又镇静到出奇。他每天要一个得过疯病的理发师来替他刮胡子，那理发师可是讨厌他，为的是他那女人，一个漂亮风骚的理发店老板娘，因而对吉诺曼先生有点犯酸。吉诺曼先生非常欣赏自己对一切事物的分析能力，自命聪敏过人。他说过这样的话：“老实说，我颇有辨别力，跳蚤叮我时，我有把握说出那跳蚤是从哪个女人身上跳到我身上来的。”他最常用的一些字眼是“多感的人”和“造化”。他对“造化”的解释和我们这时代对这词的理解不同。他坐在火炉边，按照自己的意思，把它编在自己的俏皮话里。“造化，”他说，“为了使文化能什么都有一点，就连有趣的野蛮状态的标本也都给了它一些。欧洲有着亚洲和非洲的一些样品，只是尺寸比较小些。猫儿是客厅里的老虎，壁虎是袖珍鳄鱼。歌剧院里的舞女是玫瑰色的蛮婆。她们不吃人，但会把人咬碎。也可以这样说：‘一群女妖精！’她们把人变成牡蛎②，再把他们吞下去。加勒比人③只剩下骨头不吃，而她们也只剩下贝壳不吃。这便是我们的风尚。我们不吃人，但会咬人，不杀人，但会掐人。”

①路易十四当国时期（1661-1715）称大世纪。

②牡蛎是傻瓜的意思。

③加勒比人，安的列斯群岛的一个民族。

1 rue   

n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔

参考例句：

• You'll rue having failed in the examination.你会悔恨考试失败。
• You're going to rue this the longest day that you live.你要终身悔恨不尽呢。

2 worthy   

adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的

参考例句：

• I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
• There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。

3 complaisance   

n.彬彬有礼，殷勤，柔顺

参考例句：

• She speaks with complaisance.她说话彬彬有礼。
• His complaisance leaves a good impression on her.他的彬彬有礼给她留下了深刻的印象。

4 silhouette   

n.黑色半身侧面影，影子，轮廓；v.描绘成侧面影，照出影子来，仅仅显出轮廓

参考例句：

• I could see its black silhouette against the evening sky.我能看到夜幕下它黑色的轮廓。
• I could see the silhouette of the woman in the pickup.我可以见到小卡车的女人黑色半身侧面影。

5 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

6 melancholy   

n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的

参考例句：

• All at once he fell into a state of profound melancholy.他立即陷入无尽的忧思之中。
• He felt melancholy after he failed the exam.这次考试没通过，他感到很郁闷。

7 swarm   

n.(昆虫)等一大群；vi.成群飞舞；蜂拥而入

参考例句：

• There is a swarm of bees in the tree.这树上有一窝蜜蜂。
• A swarm of ants are moving busily.一群蚂蚁正在忙碌地搬家。

8 labyrinth   

n.迷宫；难解的事物；迷路

参考例句：

• He wandered through the labyrinth of the alleyways.他在迷宫似的小巷中闲逛。
• The human mind is a labyrinth.人的心灵是一座迷宫。

9 formerly   

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

• We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
• This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

10 peculiar   

adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的

参考例句：

• He walks in a peculiar fashion.他走路的样子很奇特。
• He looked at me with a very peculiar expression.他用一种很奇怪的表情看着我。

11 haughty   

adj.傲慢的，高傲的

参考例句：

• He gave me a haughty look and walked away.他向我摆出傲慢的表情后走开。
• They were displeased with her haughty airs.他们讨厌她高傲的派头。

12 bourgeois   

adj./n.追求物质享受的(人)；中产阶级分子

参考例句：

• He's accusing them of having a bourgeois and limited vision.他指责他们像中产阶级一样目光狭隘。
• The French Revolution was inspired by the bourgeois.法国革命受到中产阶级的鼓励。

13 erect   

n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的

参考例句：

• She held her head erect and her back straight.她昂着头，把背挺得笔直。
• Soldiers are trained to stand erect.士兵们训练站得笔直。

14 amorous   

adj.多情的；有关爱情的

参考例句：

• They exchanged amorous glances and clearly made known their passions.二人眉来眼去，以目传情。
• She gave him an amorous look.她脉脉含情的看他一眼。

15 disposition   

n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署

参考例句：

• He has made a good disposition of his property.他已对财产作了妥善处理。
• He has a cheerful disposition.他性情开朗。

16 renounced   

v.声明放弃( renounce的过去式和过去分词 )；宣布放弃；宣布与…决裂；宣布摒弃

参考例句：

• We have renounced the use of force to settle our disputes. 我们已再次宣布放弃使用武力来解决争端。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Andrew renounced his claim to the property. 安德鲁放弃了财产的所有权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

17 puny   

adj.微不足道的，弱小的

参考例句：

• The resources at the central banks' disposal are simply too puny.中央银行掌握的资金实在太少了。
• Antonio was a puny lad,and not strong enough to work.安东尼奥是个瘦小的小家伙，身体还不壮，还不能干活。

18 longevity   

n.长命；长寿

参考例句：

• Good habits promote longevity.良好的习惯能增长寿命。
• Human longevity runs in families.人类的长寿具有家族遗传性。

19 jovial   

adj.快乐的，好交际的

参考例句：

• He seemed jovial,but his eyes avoided ours.他显得很高兴，但他的眼光却避开了我们的眼光。
• Grandma was plump and jovial.祖母身材圆胖，整天乐呵呵的。

20 cane   

n.手杖，细长的茎，藤条；v.以杖击，以藤编制的

参考例句：

• This sugar cane is quite a sweet and juicy.这甘蔗既甜又多汁。
• English schoolmasters used to cane the boys as a punishment.英国小学老师过去常用教鞭打男学生作为惩罚。

21 chastised   

v.严惩（某人）（尤指责打）( chastise的过去式 )

参考例句：

• He chastised the team for their lack of commitment. 他指责队伍未竭尽全力。
• The Securities Commission chastised the firm but imposed no fine. 证券委员会严厉批评了那家公司，不过没有处以罚款。 来自辞典例句

22 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

23 tranquillity   

n. 平静, 安静

参考例句：

• The phenomenon was so striking and disturbing that his philosophical tranquillity vanished. 这个令人惶惑不安的现象，扰乱了他的旷达宁静的心境。
• My value for domestic tranquillity should much exceed theirs. 我应该远比他们重视家庭的平静生活。

24 detested   

v.憎恶，嫌恶，痛恨( detest的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They detested each other on sight. 他们互相看着就不顺眼。
• The freethinker hated the formalist; the lover of liberty detested the disciplinarian. 自由思想者总是不喜欢拘泥形式者，爱好自由者总是憎恶清规戒律者。 来自辞典例句

25 penetration   

n.穿透，穿人，渗透

参考例句：

• He is a man of penetration.他是一个富有洞察力的人。
• Our aim is to achieve greater market penetration.我们的目标是进一步打入市场。

26 flea   

n.跳蚤

参考例句：

• I'll put a flea in his ear if he bothers me once more.如果他再来打扰的话，我就要对他不客气了。
• Hunter has an interest in prowling around a flea market.亨特对逛跳蚤市场很感兴趣。

27 epoch   

n.(新)时代；历元

参考例句：

• The epoch of revolution creates great figures.革命时代造就伟大的人物。
• We're at the end of the historical epoch,and at the dawn of another.我们正处在一个历史时代的末期，另一个历史时代的开端。

28 satires   

讽刺，讥讽( satire的名词复数 )； 讽刺作品

参考例句：

• Some of Aesop's Fables are satires. 《伊索寓言》中有一些是讽刺作品。
• Edith Wharton continued writing her satires of the life and manners of the New York aristocracy. 伊迪丝·沃顿继续写讽刺纽约贵族生活和习俗的作品。

29 specimens   

n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人

参考例句：

• Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon. 宇航员从月球带回了岩石标本。
• The traveler brought back some specimens of the rocks from the mountains. 那位旅行者从山上带回了一些岩石标本。 来自《简明英汉词典》

30 lizard   

n.蜥蜴，壁虎

参考例句：

• A chameleon is a kind of lizard.变色龙是一种蜥蜴。
• The lizard darted out its tongue at the insect.蜥蜴伸出舌头去吃小昆虫。

31 savages   

未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There're some savages living in the forest. 森林里居住着一些野人。
• That's an island inhabited by savages. 那是一个野蛮人居住的岛屿。

32 crunch   

n.关键时刻；艰难局面；v.发出碎裂声

参考例句：

• If it comes to the crunch they'll support us.关键时刻他们是会支持我们的。
• People who crunch nuts at the movies can be very annoying.看电影时嘎吱作声地嚼干果的人会使人十分讨厌。

33 oysters   

牡蛎( oyster的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• We don't have oysters tonight, but the crayfish are very good. 我们今晚没有牡蛎供应。但小龙虾是非常好。
• She carried a piping hot grill of oysters and bacon. 她端出一盘滚烫的烤牡蛎和咸肉。

34 devour   

v.吞没；贪婪地注视或谛听，贪读；使着迷

参考例句：

• Larger fish devour the smaller ones.大鱼吃小鱼。
• Beauty is but a flower which wrinkle will devour.美只不过是一朵，终会被皱纹所吞噬。

35 gnaw   

v.不断地啃、咬；使苦恼，折磨

参考例句：

• Dogs like to gnaw on a bone.狗爱啃骨头。
• A rat can gnaw a hole through wood.老鼠能啃穿木头。

36 exterminate   

v.扑灭，消灭，根绝

参考例句：

• Some people exterminate garden insects by spraying poison on the plants.有些人在植物上喷撒毒剂以杀死花园内的昆虫。
• Woodpeckers can exterminate insect pests hiding in trees.啄木鸟能消灭躲在树里的害虫。