Part 3 Book 7 Chapter 1 Mines and Miners

Human societies all have what is called in theatrical¹ parlance², a third lower floor. The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil. These works are superposed one upon the other. There are superior mines and inferior mines. There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference³ and heedlessness trample⁴ under foot. The Encyclopedia⁵, in the last century,was a mine that was almost open to the sky. The shades, those sombre hatchers of primitive⁶ Christianity, only awaited an opportunity to bring about an explosion under the Caesars and to inundate⁷ the human race with light. For in the sacred shadows there lies latent light. Volcanoes are full of a shadow that is capable of flashing forth⁸. Every form begins by being night. The catacombs, in which the first mass was said, were not alone the cellar of Rome, they were the vaults⁹ of the world.　

Beneath the social construction, that complicated marvel¹⁰ of a structure, there are excavations¹¹ of all sorts. There is the religious mine, the philosophical¹² mine, the economic mine, the revolutionary mine. Such and such a pick-axe with the idea, such a pick with ciphers¹³.Such another with wrath¹⁴. People hail and answer each other from one catacomb to another. Utopias travel about underground, in the pipes.There they branch out in every direction. They sometimes meet,and fraternize there. Jean-Jacques lends his pick to Diogenes, who lends him his lantern. Sometimes they enter into combat there.Calvin seizes Socinius by the hair. But nothing arrests nor interrupts the tension of all these energies toward the goal, and the vast, simultaneous activity, which goes and comes, mounts, descends¹⁵, and mounts again in these obscurities, and which immense unknown swarming¹⁶ slowly transforms the top and the bottom and the inside and the outside. Society hardly even suspects this digging which leaves its surface intact and changes its bowels¹⁷. There are as many different subterranean¹⁸ stages as there are varying works, as there are extractions. What emerges from these deep excavations? The future.

The deeper one goes, the more mysterious are the toilers. The work is good, up to a degree which the social philosophies are able to recognize; beyond that degree it is doubtful and mixed;lower down, it becomes terrible. At a certain depth, the excavations are no longer penetrable¹⁹ by the spirit of civilization, the limit breathable by man has been passed; a beginning of monsters is possible.

The descending²⁰ scale is a strange one; and each one of the rungs of this ladder corresponds to a stage where philosophy can find foothold, and where one encounters one of these workmen, sometimes divine, sometimes misshapen. Below John Huss, there is Luther; below Luther, there is Descartes; below Descartes, there is Voltaire; below Voltaire, there is Condorcet; below Condorcet, there is Robespierre;below Robespierre, there is Marat; below Marat there is Babeuf.  And so it goes on. Lower down, confusedly, at the limit which separates the indistinct from the invisible, one perceives other gloomy men, who perhaps do not exist as yet. The men of yesterday are spectres;those of to-morrow are forms. The eye of the spirit distinguishes them but obscurely. The embryonic²¹ work of the future is one of the visions of philosophy.　

A world in limbo²², in the state of foetus, what an unheard-of spectre!

Saint-Simon, Owen, Fourier, are there also, in lateral²³ galleries.

Surely, although a divine and invisible chain unknown to themselves, binds²⁴ together all these subterranean pioneers who, almost always, think themselves isolated²⁵, and who are not so, their works vary greatly, and the light of some contrasts with the blaze of others. The first are paradisiacal, the last are tragic²⁶. Nevertheless, whatever may be the contrast, all these toilers, from the highest to the most nocturnal, from the wisest to the most foolish, possess one likeness²⁷, and this is it: disinterestedness²⁸. Marat forgets himself like Jesus. They throw themselves on one side, they omit themselves, they think not of themselves. They have a glance, and that glance seeks the absolute. The first has the whole heavens in his eyes; the last, enigmatical though he may be, has still, beneath his eyelids²⁹, the pale beam of the infinite. Venerate³⁰ the man, whoever he may be, who has this sign--the starry³¹ eye.

The shadowy eye is the other sign.

With it, evil commences. Reflect and tremble in the presence of any one who has no glance at all. The social order has its black miners.

There is a point where depth is tantamount to burial, and where light becomes extinct.

Below all these mines which we have just mentioned, below all these galleries, below this whole immense, subterranean, venous system of progress and utopia, much further on in the earth, much lower than Marat, lower than Babeuf, lower, much lower, and without any connection with the upper levels, there lies the last mine. A formidable spot. This is what we have designated as the le troisieme dessous. It is the grave of shadows. It is the cellar of the blind. Inferi.　

This communicates with the abyss.

人类的各种社会全有剧院里所说的那种“第三地下层”。在社会的土壤下面，处处都有活动，有的为善，有的为恶。这些坑道是层层相叠的。有上层坑道和下层坑道。在这黑暗的地下层里，有一个高区和一个低区，地下层有时会崩塌在文明的底下，并因我们的不闻不问和麻木不仁而被践踏在我们的脚下。《百科全书》在前一世纪，是个坑道，几乎是露天的。原始基督教义的一种未受重视的孵化设备棗黑暗，它只待时机成熟，便在暴君们的座下爆炸开来，并以光明照耀人类。因为神圣的黑暗有它潜在的光。火山是充满了黑暗的，但有能力使烈焰腾空。火山的熔液是在黑暗中开始形成的。最初举行弥撒的地下墓道，不仅只是罗马的地下建筑，也是世界的坑道。①在社会建筑的下面有着形形色色的挖掘工程，犹如一栋破烂房屋下的错综复杂的奇迹。有宗教坑道、哲学坑道、政治坑道、经济坑道、革命坑道。有的用思想挖掘，有的用数字挖掘，有的用愤怒挖掘。人们从一个地下墓道向另一个地下墓道互相呼应。种种乌托邦都经过这些通道在地下行进。它们向各个方向伸展蔓延。它们有时会彼此接触，并相互友爱。让－雅克②把他的尖镐借给第欧根尼，第欧根尼也把他的灯笼③借给他。有时它们也互相排斥。加尔文④揪住索齐尼⑤的头发。但是没有什么东西能阻止或中断这一切力量向目标推进的张力和活动，那些活动同时在黑暗中往来起伏，再起，并从下面慢慢改变上面，从里面慢慢改变外面，这是人所未知的大规模的蠕动。社会几乎没有意识到这种给它留下表皮、换掉脏腑的挖掘工作。有多少地下层，便有多少种不同的工程，多少种不同的孔道。从这一切在深处进行的发掘中产生出来的是什么呢？未来。

①基督教在四世纪以前受到罗马帝国的仇视，教徒常被杀害，因而在地下墓道里秘密举行宗教仪式，宣传教义。地下墓道原是废弃了的采矿坑道。罗马人火化尸体，而基督教徒一定要埋葬尸体，废矿道便成了基督教徒的墓地。

②让－雅克是卢梭的名字。尖镐应指他的笔。

③有一次第欧根尼白天提着灯笼在雅典街上走，有人问他为什么，他说：

“我找一个人。”

④加尔文（Calvin，1509?564），法国宗教改革运动的著名活动家，新教宗派之一棗加尔文教的创始人，这一宗派反映了资本原始积累时期的资产阶级利益。

⑤索齐尼（Socin，1525?562），又译苏西努，意大利宗教改革家，倡导“上帝一位论”学说。

人们越往下看，所发现的活动者便越是神秘。直到社会哲学还能认识的一级，活动总还是好的，再下去，那种活动便可怕了。到了某一深度，那些洞窟孔道便不再是文明的精神力量能钻得进的，人的呼吸能力的限度已经被超出，魔怪有了开始出现的可能。

这下行梯阶是奇怪的，它的每一级都通到一个哲学可以立足的地下层，在那里，人还可以遇到一个那样的工人，有的是高明的，有的不成人形。在扬·胡斯①的下面有路德②，在路德的下面有笛卡儿，在笛卡儿的下面有伏尔泰，在伏尔泰的下面有孔多塞，在孔多塞的下面有罗伯斯庇尔，在罗伯斯庇尔的下面有马拉，在马拉的下面有巴贝夫③。并且这还没有完。再往下去，朦朦胧胧，在不清晰和看不见之间的分界线上，人们可以望见其他一些现在也许还不存在的人的黑影。昨天的那些是一些鬼物，明天的那些是一些游魂。智慧眼能隐隐约约地见到它们。未来世界的萌芽工作是哲学家的一种景象。

①扬·胡斯（Jan　Hus，约1369?415），捷克宗教改革的领袖，布拉格大学教授，捷克民族解放运动的鼓吹者，被控为异教徒后被处以死刑。

②路德（Martin　Luther，1483?546），宗教改革运动的著名活动家，德国新教（路德教）的创始人，德国市民等级的思想家。

③巴贝夫（Babeuf，1760?797），法国革命家，空想平均共产主义的著名代表，平等派密谋的组织者。

一个处于胚胎状态的鬼域里的世界，这是多么离奇的形相！

圣西门、欧文、傅立叶，也都在那里的一些侧坑里。

所有这些地下开路先锋几乎经常认为他们彼此之间是隔绝的，其实不然，有一条他们不知道的神链在他们之间连系着，虽然如此，他们的工作是大不相同的，这一些人的光和另一些人的烈焰形成对比。有的属于天堂，有的属于悲剧。可是，尽管他们各不相似，所有这些工作者，从最高尚的到最阴狠的，从最贤明的到最疯狂的，都有一个共同点：忘我。马拉能象耶稣一样忘我。他们把自己放在一旁，取消自我，绝不考虑自己。他们看见的是本人以外的东西。他们有种目光，这种目光搜寻的是绝对真理。最初的那个有整个天空在他的眼睛里，最末的那个，尽管他是多么莫测高深，在他的眉毛下却也还有那种苍白的太空的光。任何人，不问他是干什么的，只要他有这一特征，便应受到崇敬，这特征是：充满星光的眸子。

充满黑影的眸子是另一种特征。

恶从它开始。在眼睛阴森的人面前，想想吧，发抖吧。社会秩序有它的黑帮。

有那么一个地方，在那里，挖掘便是埋葬，光明已经绝灭。

在我们刚才所指出的那一切坑道下，在所有那些走廊下，在进步和乌托邦那整个庞大的地下管道系统下，在地下还更深许多的地方，比马拉还要低，比巴贝夫也还要低，再往下，再往下深入许多，和上面的那几层绝无关系的地方，还有最低的泥坑。那是个可怕的地方。也就是我们在上面所说的“第三地下层”。那是个一片漆黑的阴沟，瞎子的窟窖、地狱。

1 theatrical   

adj.剧场的，演戏的；做戏似的，做作的

参考例句：

• The final scene was dismayingly lacking in theatrical effect.最后一场缺乏戏剧效果，叫人失望。
• She always makes some theatrical gesture.她老在做些夸张的手势。

2 parlance   

n.说法；语调

参考例句：

• The term "meta directory" came into industry parlance two years ago.两年前，商业界开始用“元目录”这个术语。
• The phrase is common diplomatic parlance for spying.这种说法是指代间谍行为的常用外交辞令。

3 indifference   

n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎

参考例句：

• I was disappointed by his indifference more than somewhat.他的漠不关心使我很失望。
• He feigned indifference to criticism of his work.他假装毫不在意别人批评他的作品。

4 trample   

vt.踩，践踏；无视，伤害，侵犯

参考例句：

• Don't trample on the grass. 勿踏草地。
• Don't trample on the flowers when you play in the garden. 在花园里玩耍时,不要踩坏花。

5 encyclopedia   

n.百科全书

参考例句：

• The encyclopedia fell to the floor with a thud.那本百科全书砰的一声掉到地上。
• Geoff is a walking encyclopedia.He knows about everything.杰夫是个活百科全书，他什么都懂。

6 primitive   

adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物

参考例句：

• It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.逃离危险的地方是一种原始本能。
• His book describes the march of the civilization of a primitive society.他的著作描述了一个原始社会的开化过程。

7 inundate   

vt.淹没，泛滥，压倒

参考例句：

• If the dam breaks,it will inundate large parts of the town.如果水坝坍塌，该城的大部分将被淹没。
• The course changes frequently,and the area is so flat that a small change in the level of the river may inundate a considerable area.河道变化多端，下游地区却很平坦，水位少许上涨河流就会淹没一大片土地。

8 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

9 vaults   

n.拱顶( vault的名词复数 )；地下室；撑物跳高；墓穴

参考例句：

• It was deposited in the vaults of a bank. 它存在一家银行的保险库里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 marvel   

vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异；n.令人惊异的事

参考例句：

• The robot is a marvel of modern engineering.机器人是现代工程技术的奇迹。
• The operation was a marvel of medical skill.这次手术是医术上的一个奇迹。

11 excavations   

n.挖掘( excavation的名词复数 )；开凿；开凿的洞穴（或山路等）；（发掘出来的）古迹

参考例句：

• The excavations are open to the public. 发掘现场对公众开放。
• This year's excavations may reveal ancient artifacts. 今年的挖掘可能会发现史前古器物。 来自辞典例句

12 philosophical   

adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的

参考例句：

• The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
• She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。

13 ciphers   

n.密码( cipher的名词复数 )；零；不重要的人；无价值的东西

参考例句：

• The ciphers unlocked the whole letter. 解密码的方法使整封信的意义得到说明。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• The writers often put their results in ciphers or anagrams. 写信人常常把成果写成密码或者搞成字谜。 来自辞典例句

14 wrath   

n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒

参考例句：

• His silence marked his wrath. 他的沉默表明了他的愤怒。
• The wrath of the people is now aroused. 人们被激怒了。

15 descends   

v.下来( descend的第三人称单数 )；下去；下降；下斜

参考例句：

• This festival descends from a religious rite. 这个节日起源于宗教仪式。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The path descends steeply to the village. 小路陡直而下直到村子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 swarming   

密集( swarm的现在分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去

参考例句：

• The sacks of rice were swarming with bugs. 一袋袋的米里长满了虫子。
• The beach is swarming with bathers. 海滩满是海水浴的人。

17 bowels   

n.肠，内脏，内部；肠( bowel的名词复数 )；内部，最深处

参考例句：

• Salts is a medicine that causes movements of the bowels. 泻盐是一种促使肠子运动的药物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The cabins are in the bowels of the ship. 舱房设在船腹内。 来自《简明英汉词典》

18 subterranean   

adj.地下的，地表下的

参考例句：

• London has 9 miles of such subterranean passages.伦敦像这样的地下通道有9英里长。
• We wandered through subterranean passages.我们漫游地下通道。

19 penetrable   

adj.可穿透的

参考例句：

• soil that is easily penetrable with a fork 能轻易下耙的土壤
• Perhaps the most aspect of this technology is that it is intellectually penetrable. 这个技术最重要的地方在于它是可以被理解贯通的。 来自互联网

20 descending   

n. 下行 adj. 下降的

参考例句：

• The results are expressed in descending numerical order . 结果按数字降序列出。
• The climbers stopped to orient themselves before descending the mountain. 登山者先停下来确定所在的位置，然后再下山。

21 embryonic   

adj.胚胎的

参考例句：

• It is still in an embryonic stage.它还处于萌芽阶段。
• The plan,as yet,only exists in embryonic form.这个计划迄今为止还只是在酝酿之中。

22 limbo   

n.地狱的边缘；监狱

参考例句：

• His life seemed stuck in limbo and he could not go forward and he could not go back.他的生活好像陷入了不知所措的境地，进退两难。
• I didn't know whether my family was alive or dead.I felt as if I was in limbo.我不知道家人是生是死，感觉自己茫然无措。

23 lateral   

adj.侧面的，旁边的

参考例句：

• An airfoil that controls lateral motion.能够控制横向飞行的机翼。
• Mr.Dawson walked into the court from a lateral door.道森先生从一个侧面的门走进法庭。

24 binds   

v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 )；装订；捆绑；（用长布条）缠绕

参考例句：

• Frost binds the soil. 霜使土壤凝结。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Stones and cement binds strongly. 石头和水泥凝固得很牢。 来自《简明英汉词典》

25 isolated   

adj.与世隔绝的

参考例句：

• His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
• Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

26 tragic   

adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的

参考例句：

• The effect of the pollution on the beaches is absolutely tragic.污染海滩后果可悲。
• Charles was a man doomed to tragic issues.查理是个注定不得善终的人。

27 likeness   

n.相像，相似（之处）

参考例句：

• I think the painter has produced a very true likeness.我认为这位画家画得非常逼真。
• She treasured the painted likeness of her son.她珍藏她儿子的画像。

28 disinterestedness   

参考例句：

• Because it requires detachment, disinterestedness, it is the finest flower and test of a liberal civilization. 科学方法要求人们超然独立、公正无私，因而它是自由文明的最美之花和最佳试金石。 来自哲学部分
• His chief equipment seems to be disinterestedness. He moves in a void, without audience. 他主要的本事似乎是超然不群；生活在虚无缥缈中，没有听众。 来自辞典例句

29 eyelids   

n.眼睑( eyelid的名词复数 )；眼睛也不眨一下；不露声色；面不改色

参考例句：

• She was so tired, her eyelids were beginning to droop. 她太疲倦了，眼睑开始往下垂。
• Her eyelids drooped as if she were on the verge of sleep. 她眼睑低垂好像快要睡着的样子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

30 venerate   

v.尊敬，崇敬，崇拜

参考例句：

• They came to venerate him as a symbolic figure.他们把他当作偶像来崇拜。
• We were taught to venerate the glorious example of our heroes and martyrs.我们受到教导要崇敬英雄、烈士的光辉榜样。

31 starry   

adj.星光照耀的, 闪亮的

参考例句：

• He looked at the starry heavens.他瞧着布满星星的天空。
• I like the starry winter sky.我喜欢这满天星斗的冬夜。