Part 3 Book 7 Chapter 4 Composition of the Troupe

These four ruffians formed a sort of Proteus, winding¹ like a serpent among the police, and striving to escape Vidocq's indiscreet glances "under divers² forms, tree, flame, fountain," lending each other their names and their traps, hiding in their own shadows, boxes with secret compartments³ and refuges for each other, stripping off their personalities⁴, as one removes his false nose at a masked ball, sometimes simplifying matters to the point of consisting of but one individual, sometimes multiplying themselves to such a point that Coco-Latour himself took them for a whole throng⁵. 　

These four men were not four men; they were a sort of mysterious robber with four heads, operating on a grand scale on Paris; they were that monstrous⁶ polyp of evil, which inhabits the crypt of society.

Thanks to their ramifications⁷, and to the network underlying⁸ their relations, Babet, Gueulemer, Claquesous, and Montparnasse were charged with the general enterprise of the ambushes⁹ of the department of the Seine. The inventors of ideas of that nature, men with nocturnal imaginations, applied¹⁰ to them to have their ideas executed. They furnished the canvas to the four rascals¹¹, and the latter undertook the preparation of the scenery. They labored¹² at the stage setting. They were always in a condition to lend a force proportioned and suitable to all crimes which demanded a lift of the shoulder, and which were sufficiently¹³ lucrative¹⁴.  When a crime was in quest of arms, they under-let their accomplices¹⁵. They kept a troupe¹⁶ of actors of the shadows at the disposition¹⁷ of all underground tragedies.

They were in the habit of assembling at nightfall, the hour when they woke up, on the plains which adjoin the Salpetriere. There they held their conferences. They had twelve black hours before them; they regulated their employment accordingly.　

Patron-Minette,--such was the name which was bestowed¹⁸ in the subterranean¹⁹ circulation on the association of these four men. In the fantastic, ancient, popular parlance²⁰, which is vanishing day by day, Patron-Minette signifies the morning, the same as entre chien et loup--between dog and wolf--signifies the evening. This appellation²¹, Patron-Minette, was probably derived²² from the hour at which their work ended, the dawn being the vanishing moment for phantoms²³ and for the separation of ruffians. These four men were known under this title. When the President of the Assizes visited Lacenaire in his prison, and questioned him concerning a misdeed which Lacenaire denied, "Who did it?" demanded the President. Lacenaire made this response, enigmatical so far as the magistrate²⁴ was concerned, but clear to the police: "Perhaps it was Patron-Minette." 　

A piece can sometimes be divined on the enunciation²⁵ of the personages; in the same manner a band can almost be judged from the list of ruffians composing it. Here are the appellations²⁶ to which the principal members of Patron-Minette answered,--for the names have survived in special memoirs²⁷.　

Panchaud, alias²⁸ Printanier, alias Bigrenaille.

Brujon. [There was a Brujon dynasty; we cannot refrain from interpolating this word.]

Boulatruelle, the road-mender already introduced.

Laveuve.

Finistere.

Homere-Hogu, a negro.

Mardisoir. (Tuesday evening.)

Depeche. (Make haste.)

Fauntleroy, alias Bouquetiere (the Flower Girl).

Glorieux, a discharged convict.

Barrecarrosse (Stop-carriage), called Monsieur Dupont.

L'Esplanade-du-Sud.

Poussagrive.

Carmagnolet.

Kruideniers, called Bizarro. 　

Mangedentelle. (Lace-eater.)　

Les-pieds-en-l'Air. (Feet in the air.) 　

Demi-Liard, called Deux-Milliards.

Etc., etc. 　

We pass over some, and not the worst of them. These names have faces attached. They do not express merely beings, but species. Each one of these names corresponds to a variety of those misshapen fungi²⁹ from the under side of civilization.

Those beings, who were not very lavish³⁰ with their countenances³¹, were not among the men whom one sees passing along the streets. Fatigued³² by the wild nights which they passed, they went off by day to sleep, sometimes in the lime-kilns, sometimes in the abandoned quarries³³ of Montmatre or Montrouge, sometimes in the sewers³⁴.They ran to earth.

What became of these men? They still exist. They have always existed. Horace speaks of them: Ambubaiarum collegia, pharmacopolae, mendici, mimae; and so long as society remains³⁵ what it is,they will remain what they are. Beneath the obscure roof of their cavern³⁶, they are continually born again from the social ooze³⁷. They return, spectres, but always identical; only, they no longer bear the same names and they are no longer in the same skins.  The individuals extirpated³⁸, the tribe subsists³⁹. 　

They always have the same faculties⁴⁰. From the vagrant⁴¹ to the tramp, the race is maintained in its purity. They divine purses in pockets,they scent⁴² out watches in fobs. Gold and silver possess an odor for them. There exist ingenuous⁴³ bourgeois⁴⁴, of whom it might be said, that they have a "stealable" air. These men patiently pursue these bourgeois. They experience the quivers of a spider at the passage of a stranger or of a man from the country. 　

These men are terrible, when one encounters them, or catches a glimpse of them, towards midnight, on a deserted⁴⁵ boulevard. They do not seem to be men but forms composed of living mists;one would say that they habitually⁴⁶ constitute one mass with the shadows,that they are in no wise distinct from them, that they possess no other soul than the darkness, and that it is only momentarily and for the purpose of living for a few minutes a monstrous life, that they have separated from the night. What is necessary to cause these spectres to vanish? Light. Light in floods. Not a single bat can resist the dawn.Light up society from below.

这四个匪徒联合起来，成了一种变化多端的海怪，迂回曲折地钻警察的空子，“用不同的外貌、树、火焰、喷泉”来竭力躲避维多克阴沉的眼光，互相交换姓名和窍门，藏身在自己的影子里，共同使用他们的秘密窟和避难所，好象在化装舞会上取下自己的假鼻子那样改变他们的个人特征，有时把几个人简化为一人，有时又把一人化为几人，以致可可·拉古尔本人也以为他们是一大帮匪徒。

这四个人绝不是四个人，是一种有四个脑袋、在巴黎身上做大买卖的神秘大盗，是住在人类社会的地道里作恶的怪章鱼。

由于他们势力的伸张和因他们的关系而结成的地下网，巴伯、海嘴、铁牙和巴纳斯山总揽着塞纳省的一切盗杀活动。他们对着路上行人进行下面的政变。善于出这类主意，富于黑夜幻想的人都来找他们实现计划。人们把脚本供给他们，他们负责导演。他们还布置演出。任何杀人越货的勾当只要油水足，需要找人帮一把，他们总有办法分配胜任和适当的人手。当一件犯罪行为在寻找助力，他们便转租帮凶。他们有能力对任何阴惨悲剧提供黑演员。

他们经常傍晚棗这是他们睡醒的时候棗在妇女救济院附近的草地上碰头。在那里，他们进行会商。他们面前有十二个黑钟点，足供他们安排利用。

“猫老板”，这是在地下流传的人家送给这四人帮会的名称。在日趋消失的那种怪诞的古老民间语言中，“猫老板”的意思是早晨，正如“犬狼之间”的词义是傍晚。这名称，猫老板，也许是指他们活计结束的时刻天刚蒙蒙亮，正是鬼魂消散，匪徒分手的时候。这四个人是用这个字号露面的。刑事法院院长到监狱里去看拉色内尔时，曾向拉色内尔问到一件他不肯承认的案子。院长问道：“是谁干的？”拉色内尔回答了这样一句官员不懂、警察有数的话：“也许是猫老板。”

我们有时能从一张出场人物表去猜测一个剧本，同样，我们也几乎可以从一张匪徒的名单去估计这匪帮。下面棗这些名字是由专门记录保存下来的棗便是猫老板的主要伙伴的传呼称号：

邦灼，又叫春天，又叫比格纳耶。

普吕戎（原有过一个普吕戎世系，我们还会提到的）。

蒲辣秃柳儿，那个已经出现过的路工①。

寡妇。

地角。

荷马·阿巨，黑人。

星期二晚。

快报。

弗宛恩勒洛瓦，又叫卖花姑娘。

光荣汉，被释放了的苦役犯。

煞车，又叫杜邦先生。

南苑。

普萨格利弗。

小褂子。

克吕丹尼，又叫比查罗。吃花边。

脚朝天。

半文钱，又叫二十亿。

等等。

①见本书第二部第二卷第二章。

我们只提这几个，最坏的几个已经提到了。这些名字都有代表性。它不只是说明个人，而是说明一种类型。这些名字中的每一个都代表文明底下的那些奇形怪状的毒蕈中的一种。

这些人是不轻易露面的，并不是人们在街头巷尾看见走过的那些。他们在黑夜里狠狠地干了一晚以后，疲乏了，白天便去睡觉，有时睡在石灰窑里，有时睡在蒙马特尔或蒙鲁日一带被抛弃了的采石场里，有时睡在阴沟里。他们把自己掩埋起来。

这些人到哪里去了呢？他们仍然存在。他们从来就一贯存在。贺拉斯曾说他们是吹笛子的穷汉、卖艺人、小丑、江湖郎中。并且，只要社会将来还是今天这个样，他们将来便也还是今天这个样。在他们窟窖的黑顶下面，他们将永远从社会潮湿的漏隙中生长出来。他们成了鬼，再回来，依然如故，不过他们的名字换了，他们的外皮换了。

个人被剔除，族类仍存在。

他们的感觉器官还是那么一些。从剪径贼到挡路虎，那是一个纯血统。他们能猜出衣袋里的钱包，能嗅出背心口袋里的表。金和银对他们来说，是有味的。有些憨老财，可以说是具有可偷性的。那些人便耐心地跟着这些老财们。他们见到一个外国人或外省人走过，便会突然惊觉，象个蜘蛛。

那些人，当人们夜半在荒凉的大路上遇到或瞧见了，那模样是可怕的。他们不象是人，而是有生命的雾所构成的形相，他们好象经常和黑暗合成一体，是看不清的，除了阴气以外没有旁的灵魂，并且只是为了过几分钟的厉鬼生活才和黑夜暂时分离一下。

怎样才能清除这些厉鬼呢？要有光明。要有滔天泻地的光明。没有一只蝙蝠能抗拒朝曦。应该去把地下社会照亮才是。

1 winding   

n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈

参考例句：

• A winding lane led down towards the river.一条弯弯曲曲的小路通向河边。
• The winding trail caused us to lose our orientation.迂回曲折的小道使我们迷失了方向。

2 divers   

adj.不同的；种种的

参考例句：

• He chose divers of them,who were asked to accompany him.他选择他们当中的几个人，要他们和他作伴。
• Two divers work together while a standby diver remains on the surface.两名潜水员协同工作，同时有一名候补潜水员留在水面上。

3 compartments   

n.间隔( compartment的名词复数 )；（列车车厢的）隔间；（家具或设备等的）分隔间；隔层

参考例句：

• Your pencil box has several compartments. 你的铅笔盒有好几个格。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The first-class compartments are in front. 头等车室在前头。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 personalities   

n. 诽谤，（对某人容貌、性格等所进行的）人身攻击； 人身攻击；人格, 个性, 名人( personality的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There seemed to be a degree of personalities in her remarks.她话里有些人身攻击的成分。
• Personalities are not in good taste in general conversation.在一般的谈话中诽谤他人是不高尚的。

5 throng   

n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集

参考例句：

• A patient throng was waiting in silence.一大群耐心的人在静静地等着。
• The crowds thronged into the mall.人群涌进大厅。

6 monstrous   

adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的

参考例句：

• The smoke began to whirl and grew into a monstrous column.浓烟开始盘旋上升，形成了一个巨大的烟柱。
• Your behaviour in class is monstrous!你在课堂上的行为真是丢人！

7 ramifications   

n.结果，后果( ramification的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• These changes are bound to have widespread social ramifications. 这些变化注定会造成许多难以预料的社会后果。
• What are the ramifications of our decision to join the union? 我们决定加入工会会引起哪些后果呢？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 underlying   

adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的

参考例句：

• The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
• This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

9 ambushes   

n.埋伏( ambush的名词复数 )；伏击；埋伏着的人；设埋伏点v.埋伏( ambush的第三人称单数 )；埋伏着

参考例句：

• He was a specialist in ambushes, he said, and explained his tactics. 他说自己是埋伏战斗方面的专家，并讲述了他的战术。 来自互联网
• It makes ambushes rather fun. 它使得埋伏战术非常有趣。 来自互联网

10 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

11 rascals   

流氓( rascal的名词复数 )； 无赖； （开玩笑说法）淘气的人（尤指小孩）； 恶作剧的人

参考例句：

• "Oh, but I like rascals. "唔，不过我喜欢流氓。
• "They're all second-raters, black sheep, rascals. "他们都是二流人物，是流氓，是恶棍。

12 labored   

adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转

参考例句：

• I was close enough to the elk to hear its labored breathing. 我离那头麋鹿非常近，能听见它吃力的呼吸声。 来自辞典例句
• They have labored to complete the job. 他们努力完成这一工作。 来自辞典例句

13 sufficiently   

adv.足够地，充分地

参考例句：

• It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
• The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。

14 lucrative   

adj.赚钱的，可获利的

参考例句：

• He decided to turn his hobby into a lucrative sideline.他决定把自己的爱好变成赚钱的副业。
• It was not a lucrative profession.那是一个没有多少油水的职业。

15 accomplices   

从犯，帮凶，同谋( accomplice的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was given away by one of his accomplices. 他被一个同伙出卖了。
• The chief criminals shall be punished without fail, those who are accomplices under duress shall go unpunished and those who perform deeds of merIt'shall be rewarded. 首恶必办， 胁从不问，立功受奖。

16 troupe   

n.剧团，戏班；杂技团；马戏团

参考例句：

• The art troupe is always on the move in frontier guards.文工团常年在边防部队流动。
• The troupe produced a new play last night.剧团昨晚上演了一部新剧。

17 disposition   

n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署

参考例句：

• He has made a good disposition of his property.他已对财产作了妥善处理。
• He has a cheerful disposition.他性情开朗。

18 bestowed   

赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• It was a title bestowed upon him by the king. 那是国王赐给他的头衔。
• He considered himself unworthy of the honour they had bestowed on him. 他认为自己不配得到大家赋予他的荣誉。

19 subterranean   

adj.地下的，地表下的

参考例句：

• London has 9 miles of such subterranean passages.伦敦像这样的地下通道有9英里长。
• We wandered through subterranean passages.我们漫游地下通道。

20 parlance   

n.说法；语调

参考例句：

• The term "meta directory" came into industry parlance two years ago.两年前，商业界开始用“元目录”这个术语。
• The phrase is common diplomatic parlance for spying.这种说法是指代间谍行为的常用外交辞令。

21 appellation   

n.名称，称呼

参考例句：

• The emperor of Russia Peter I was given the appellation " the Great ".俄皇彼得一世被加上了“大帝”的称号。
• Kinsfolk appellation is the kinfolks system reflection in language.亲属称谓是亲属制度在语言中的反应。

22 derived   

vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取

参考例句：

• Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》

23 phantoms   

n.鬼怪，幽灵( phantom的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They vanished down the stairs like two phantoms. 他们像两个幽灵似的消失在了楼下。 来自辞典例句
• The horrible night that he had passed had left phantoms behind it. 他刚才度过的恐布之夜留下了种种错觉。 来自辞典例句

24 magistrate   

n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官

参考例句：

• The magistrate committed him to prison for a month.法官判处他一个月监禁。
• John was fined 1000 dollars by the magistrate.约翰被地方法官罚款1000美元。

25 enunciation   

n.清晰的发音；表明，宣言；口齿

参考例句：

• He is always willing to enunciate his opinions on the subject of politics. 他总是愿意对政治问题发表意见。> enunciation / I9nQnsI5eIFn; I9nQnsI`eFEn/ n [C, U]。 来自辞典例句
• Be good at communicating,sense of responsibility,the work is careful,the enunciation is clear. 善于沟通，责任心强，工作细致，口齿清晰。 来自互联网

26 appellations   

n.名称，称号( appellation的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The list of odd appellations goes on, and anything goes-just name it. 像这种奇怪的名字还有许多，但一切还在继续-----学一句流行词，想取就取吧。 来自互联网
• In the present Chinese characters teaching, the radicals' appellations cause much confusion. 目前的识字教学中，部首的名称较混乱。 来自互联网

27 memoirs   

n.回忆录；回忆录传( mem,自oir的名词复数)

参考例句：

• Her memoirs were ghostwritten. 她的回忆录是由别人代写的。
• I watched a trailer for the screenplay of his memoirs. 我看过以他的回忆录改编成电影的预告片。 来自《简明英汉词典》

28 alias   

n.化名；别名；adv.又名

参考例句：

• His real name was Johnson,but he often went by the alias of Smith.他的真名是约翰逊，但是他常常用化名史密斯。
• You can replace this automatically generated alias with a more meaningful one.可用更有意义的名称替换这一自动生成的别名。

29 fungi   

n.真菌，霉菌

参考例句：

• Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
• The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。

30 lavish   

adj.无节制的；浪费的；vt.慷慨地给予，挥霍

参考例句：

• He despised people who were lavish with their praises.他看不起那些阿谀奉承的人。
• The sets and costumes are lavish.布景和服装极尽奢华。

31 countenances   

n.面容( countenance的名词复数 )；表情；镇静；道义支持

参考例句：

• 'stood apart, with countenances of inflexible gravity, beyond what even the Puritan aspect could attain." 站在一旁，他们脸上那种严肃刚毅的神情，比清教徒们还有过之而无不及。 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 文学
• The light of a laugh never came to brighten their sombre and wicked countenances. 欢乐的光芒从来未照亮过他们那阴郁邪恶的面孔。 来自辞典例句

32 fatigued   

adj. 疲乏的

参考例句：

• The exercises fatigued her. 操练使她感到很疲乏。
• The President smiled, with fatigued tolerance for a minor person's naivety. 总统笑了笑，疲惫地表现出对一个下级人员的天真想法的宽容。

33 quarries   

n.（采）石场( quarry的名词复数 )；猎物（指鸟，兽等）；方形石；（格窗等的）方形玻璃v.从采石场采得( quarry的第三人称单数 )；从（书本等中）努力发掘（资料等）；在采石场采石

参考例句：

• This window was filled with old painted glass in quarries. 这窗户是由旧日的彩色菱形玻璃装配的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They hewed out the stones for the building from nearby quarries. 他们从邻近的采石场开凿出石头供建造那栋房子用。 来自辞典例句

34 sewers   

n.阴沟，污水管，下水道( sewer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sewers discharge out at sea. 下水道的污水排入海里。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Another municipal waste problem is street runoff into storm sewers. 有关都市废水的另外一个问题是进入雨水沟的街道雨水。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

35 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

36 cavern   

n.洞穴，大山洞

参考例句：

• The cavern walls echoed his cries.大山洞的四壁回响着他的喊声。
• It suddenly began to shower,and we took refuge in the cavern.天突然下起雨来，我们在一个山洞里避雨。

37 ooze   

n.软泥，渗出物；vi.渗出，泄漏；vt.慢慢渗出，流露

参考例句：

• Soon layer of oceanic ooze began to accumulate above the old hard layer.不久后海洋软泥层开始在老的硬地层上堆积。
• Drip or ooze systems are common for pot watering.滴灌和渗灌系统一般也用于盆栽灌水。

38 extirpated   

v.消灭，灭绝( extirpate的过去式和过去分词 )；根除

参考例句：

• Many species have been extirpated from large areas. 许多种动物已在大片区域内灭绝。 来自辞典例句
• The brigands have never been really extirpated from the neighborhood of Rome. 罗马附近的土匪实际上从来没有真正被消灭干净过。 来自互联网

39 subsists   

v.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去( subsist的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• This plant subsists in water holes only during the rainy season. 这种植物只有雨季在水坑里出现。 来自辞典例句
• The hinge is that the enterprise subsists on suiting the development of data communication. 适应数据通信的发展是通信企业生存的关键。 来自互联网

40 faculties   

n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院

参考例句：

• Although he's ninety, his mental faculties remain unimpaired. 他虽年届九旬，但头脑仍然清晰。
• All your faculties have come into play in your work. 在你的工作中，你的全部才能已起到了作用。 来自《简明英汉词典》

41 vagrant   

n.流浪者，游民；adj.流浪的，漂泊不定的

参考例句：

• A vagrant is everywhere at home.流浪者四海为家。
• He lived on the street as a vagrant.他以在大街上乞讨为生。

42 scent   

n.气味，香味，香水，线索，嗅觉；v.嗅，发觉

参考例句：

• The air was filled with the scent of lilac.空气中弥漫着丁香花的芬芳。
• The flowers give off a heady scent at night.这些花晚上散发出醉人的芳香。

43 ingenuous   

adj.纯朴的，单纯的；天真的；坦率的

参考例句：

• Only the most ingenuous person would believe such a weak excuse!只有最天真的人才会相信这么一个站不住脚的借口！
• With ingenuous sincerity,he captivated his audience.他以自己的率真迷住了观众。

44 bourgeois   

adj./n.追求物质享受的(人)；中产阶级分子

参考例句：

• He's accusing them of having a bourgeois and limited vision.他指责他们像中产阶级一样目光狭隘。
• The French Revolution was inspired by the bourgeois.法国革命受到中产阶级的鼓励。

45 deserted   

adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的

参考例句：

• The deserted village was filled with a deathly silence.这个荒废的村庄死一般的寂静。
• The enemy chieftain was opposed and deserted by his followers.敌人头目众叛亲离。

46 habitually   

ad.习惯地，通常地

参考例句：

• The pain of the disease caused him habitually to furrow his brow. 病痛使他习惯性地紧皱眉头。
• Habitually obedient to John, I came up to his chair. 我已经习惯于服从约翰，我来到他的椅子跟前。