Part 3 Book 8 Chapter 5 A Providential Peep-Hole

Marius had lived for five years in poverty, in destitution¹, even in distress², but he now perceived that he had not known real misery³. True misery he had but just had a view of.  It was its spectre which had just passed before his eyes. In fact, he who has only beheld⁴ the misery of man has seen nothing; the misery of woman is what he must see; he who has seen only the misery of woman has seen nothing; he must see the misery of the child. 　

When a man has reached his last extremity⁵, he has reached his last resources at the same time. Woe⁶ to the defenceless beings who surround him! Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, good will, all f climbed upon the commode, put his eye to the crevice⁷, and looked.

?莫 to back, in a sort of hut of fate. They exchange woe-begone glances. Oh, the unfortunate wretches⁸! How pale they are! How cold they are! It seems as though they dwelt in a planet much further from the sun than ours. 　

This young girl was to Marius a sort of messenger from the realm of sad shadows. She revealed to him a hideous⁹ side of the night.　

Marius almost reproached himself for the preoccupations of revery and passion which had prevented his bestowing¹⁰ a glance on his neighbors up to that day. The payment of their rent had been a mechanical movement, which any one would have yielded to; but he, Marius, should have done better than that. What! only a wall separated him from those abandoned beings who lived gropingly in the dark outside the pale of the rest of the world, he was elbow to elbow with them, he was, in some sort, the last link of the human race which they touched, he heard them live, or rather, rattle¹¹ in the death agony beside him, and he paid no heed¹² to them!  Every day, every instant, he heard them walking on the other side of the wall, he heard them go, and come, and speak, and he did not even lend an ear! And groans¹³ lay in those words, and he did not even listen to them, his thoughts were elsewhere, given up to dreams, to impossible radiances, to loves in the air, to follies¹⁴; and all the while, human creatures, his brothers in Jesus Christ, his brothers in the people, were agonizing¹⁵ in vain beside him!  He even formed a part of their misfortune, and he aggravated¹⁶ it. For if they had had another neighbor who was less chimerical¹⁷ and more attentive¹⁸, any ordinary and charitable man, evidently their indigence¹⁹ would have been noticed, their signals of distress would have been perceived, and they would have been taken hold of and rescued! They appeared very corrupt²⁰ and very depraved, no doubt, very vile²¹, very odious²² even; but those who fall without becoming degraded are rare; besides, there is a point where the unfortunate and the infamous²³ unite and are confounded in a single word, a fatal word, the miserable²⁴; whose fault is this? And then should not the charity be all the more profound, in proportion as the fall is great? 　

While reading himself this moral lesson, for there were occasions on which Marius, like all truly honest hearts, was his own pedagogue²⁵ and scolded himself more than he deserved, he stared at the wall which separated him from the Jondrettes, as though he were able to make his gaze, full of pity, penetrate²⁶ that partition and warm these wretched people. The wall was a thin layer of plaster upheld by lathes²⁷ and beams, and, as the reader had just learned, it allowed the sound of voices and words to be clearly distinguished²⁸. Only a man as dreamy as Marius could have failed to perceive this long before. There was no paper pasted on the wall, either on the side of the Jondrettes or on that of Marius; the coarse construction was visible in its nakedness. Marius examined the partition, almost unconsciously; sometimes revery examines, observes, and scrutinizes²⁹ as thought would. All at once he sprang up; he had just perceived, near the top, close to the ceiling, a triangular³⁰ hole, which resulted from the space between three lathes. The plaster which should have filled this cavity was missing, and by mounting on the commode, a view could be had through this aperture³¹ into the Jondrettes' attic³². Commiseration³³ has, and should have, its curiosity. This aperture formed a sort of peep-hole. It is permissible³⁴ to gaze at misfortune like a traitor³⁵ in order to succor³⁶ it.[27]　

[27] The peep-hole is a Judas in French. Hence the half-punning allusion³⁷.

"Let us get some little idea of what these people are like," thought Marius, "and in what condition they are."

He climbed upon the commode, put his eye to the crevice, and looked.

马吕斯五年来一直生活在穷困、艰苦、甚至痛苦中，他忽然发现自己还一点没有认识到什么是真正的悲惨生活。真正的悲惨生活，他刚才见到了一下。那便是刚才在他眼前走过的那个幽灵。单看到男子的悲惨生活并不算什么，应当看看妇女的悲惨生活；单看到妇女的悲惨生活也不算什么，还得看看孩子的悲惨生活。

当一个男子走到穷途末路时，他同时也到了无可救药的地步。遭殃的是他周围的那些没有自卫能力的人！工作、工资、面包、火、勇气、毅力，他一下子全没有了。太阳的光仿佛已在他体外熄灭，精神的光也在他体内熄灭，在黑暗中，男子遇到妇女和孩子的软弱，便残暴地强逼她们去干污贱的勾当。

因此任何伤天害理的事都是可能的。绝望是由脆薄的隔板圈住的，这些隔板，每一片又都紧接着邪恶和罪行。健康，青春，尊严，幼弱圣洁的身体发肤，不甘屈辱的羞恶心情，童贞，清白，灵魂的这层护膜，都一齐遭受了这只摸索出路而碰到污秽也就安于污秽的手的穷凶极恶的蹂躏。父母、儿女、兄弟、姊妹、男子、妇人和女孩，几乎象一种矿物的结构，互相搀杂粘附在这种不分性别、血统、年龄、丑行、天真的溷浊污池里。他们彼此背靠着背，蹲在一种黑洞似的命运里。他们凄惶酸楚地面面相觑。啊，这些不幸的人们！他们的脸多么苍白！他们身上是多么冷！他们好象是住在一个比我们离太阳更远的星球上。

这姑娘在马吕斯看来好象是从鬼域里派来的。

她为他显示了黑暗世界的另一个完全不同的丑恶面。

马吕斯几乎谴责自己，不该那样终日神魂颠倒，不能自拔于儿女痴情，而对自己的邻居，直到如今，却还不曾瞅过一眼。为他们代付房租，那是一种机械动作，人人都能做到的，但是马吕斯应当做得更好一些。怎么！他和那几个穷苦无告的人之间只有一墙相隔，他们过着摸黑的生活，被隔绝在大众的生活之外，他和他们比邻而居，如果把人类比作链条，那么他，可以说是他们在人类中接触到的最后一环了，他听见他们在他身边生活，应当说，在他身边喘息，而他竟熟视无睹！每天，每时每刻，隔着墙，他听到他们在来回走动，说话，而他竟充耳不闻！在他们说话时，有呻吟哭泣的声音，而他竟无动于衷！他的思想在别处，在幻境中，在不可能的好梦中，在缥缈的爱情中，在痴心妄想中，可是，有一伙人。从耶稣基督来说，和他是同父弟兄，从人民来说，和他是同胞弟兄，而这些人竟在他的身旁作殊死挣扎！作绝望的殊死挣扎！他甚至是他们的苦难的因素，加深了他们的苦难。因为，假使他们有另一个邻居，一个不这么愚痴而比较关切的邻居，一个乐于为善的普通人，显然，他们的穷困情况会被注意到，苦痛的迹象会被察觉到，他们也许早已得到照顾，脱离困境了！看上去他们当然很无耻，很腐败，很肮脏，甚至很可恨，但是摔倒而不堕落的人是少有的，况且不幸的人和无耻的人往往在某一点上被人混为一谈，被加上一个笼统的名称，置人于死地的名称：无赖，这究竟是谁的过错呢？再说，难道不是在陷落越深时救援便应当越有力吗？

马吕斯一面这样训斥自己棗因为马吕斯和所有心地真正诚实的人一样，时常会自居于教育家的地位，对自己进行过分的责备棗，一面望着把他和容德雷特一家隔开的墙壁，仿佛他那双不胜怜悯的眼睛能穿过隔墙去温暖那些穷苦人似的。那墙是一层薄薄的敷在窄木条和小梁上的石灰，并且，我们刚才已经说过，能让人在隔壁把说话的声音和每个人的嗓音完全听得清清楚楚。只有象马吕斯那样睁着眼做梦的人才会久不察觉。墙上也没有糊纸，无论在容德雷特的一面或马吕斯的一面都是光着的，粗糙的结构赤裸裸暴露在外面。马吕斯，几乎是无意识地仔细研究着这隔层，梦想有时也能和思想一样进行研究，观察，忖度。他忽然站了起来，他刚刚发现在那上面，靠近天花板的地方，有个三角形的洞眼，是由三根木条构成的一个空隙。堵塞这空隙的石灰已经剥落，人立在抽斗柜上，便能从这窟窿看到容德雷特的破屋里。仁慈的人是有并且应当有好奇心的。这个洞眼正好是个贼眼。以贼眼窥察别人的不幸而加以援助，这是可以允许的。马吕斯想道：“何妨去看看这人家，看看他们的情况究竟是怎样的。”

他跳上抽斗柜，把眼睛凑近那窟窿，望着隔壁。

1 destitution   

n.穷困，缺乏，贫穷

参考例句：

• The people lived in destitution. 民生凋敝。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• His drinking led him to a life of destitution. 酗酒导致他生活贫穷。 来自辞典例句

2 distress   

n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛

参考例句：

• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
• Please don't distress yourself.请你不要忧愁了。

3 misery   

n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦

参考例句：

• Business depression usually causes misery among the working class.商业不景气常使工薪阶层受苦。
• He has rescued me from the mire of misery.他把我从苦海里救了出来。

4 beheld   

v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟

参考例句：

• His eyes had never beheld such opulence. 他从未见过这样的财富。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The soul beheld its features in the mirror of the passing moment. 灵魂在逝去的瞬间的镜子中看到了自己的模样。 来自英汉文学 - 红字

5 extremity   

n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度

参考例句：

• I hope you will help them in their extremity.我希望你能帮助在穷途末路的他们。
• What shall we do in this extremity?在这种极其困难的情况下我们该怎么办呢？

6 woe   

n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌

参考例句：

• Our two peoples are brothers sharing weal and woe.我们两国人民是患难与共的兄弟。
• A man is well or woe as he thinks himself so.自认祸是祸，自认福是福。

7 crevice   

n.(岩石、墙等)裂缝；缺口

参考例句：

• I saw a plant growing out of a crevice in the wall.我看到墙缝里长出一棵草来。
• He edged the tool into the crevice.他把刀具插进裂缝里。

8 wretches   

n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋

参考例句：

• The little wretches were all bedraggledfrom some roguery. 小淘气们由于恶作剧而弄得脏乎乎的。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• The best courage for us poor wretches is to fly from danger. 对我们这些可怜虫说来，最好的出路还是躲避危险。 来自辞典例句

9 hideous   

adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的

参考例句：

• The whole experience had been like some hideous nightmare.整个经历就像一场可怕的噩梦。
• They're not like dogs,they're hideous brutes.它们不像狗，是丑陋的畜牲。

10 bestowing   

砖窑中砖堆上层已烧透的砖

参考例句：

• Apollo, you see, is bestowing the razor on the Triptolemus of our craft. 你瞧，阿波罗正在把剃刀赠给我们这项手艺的特里泼托勒默斯。
• What thanks do we not owe to Heaven for thus bestowing tranquillity, health and competence! 我们要谢谢上苍，赐我们的安乐、健康和饱暖。

11 rattle   

v.飞奔，碰响；激怒；n.碰撞声；拨浪鼓

参考例句：

• The baby only shook the rattle and laughed and crowed.孩子只是摇着拨浪鼓，笑着叫着。
• She could hear the rattle of the teacups.她听见茶具叮当响。

12 heed   

v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心

参考例句：

• You must take heed of what he has told.你要注意他所告诉的事。
• For the first time he had to pay heed to his appearance.这是他第一次非得注意自己的外表不可了。

13 groans   

n.呻吟，叹息( groan的名词复数 )；呻吟般的声音v.呻吟( groan的第三人称单数 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦

参考例句：

• There were loud groans when he started to sing. 他刚开始歌唱时有人发出了很大的嘘声。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• It was a weird old house, full of creaks and groans. 这是所神秘而可怕的旧宅，到处嘎吱嘎吱作响。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 follies   

罪恶，时事讽刺剧； 愚蠢，蠢笨，愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He has given up youthful follies. 他不再做年轻人的荒唐事了。
• The writings of Swift mocked the follies of his age. 斯威夫特的作品嘲弄了他那个时代的愚人。

15 agonizing   

adj.痛苦难忍的；使人苦恼的v.使极度痛苦；折磨(agonize的ing形式)

参考例句：

• I spent days agonizing over whether to take the job or not. 我用了好些天苦苦思考是否接受这个工作。
• his father's agonizing death 他父亲极度痛苦的死

16 aggravated   

使恶化( aggravate的过去式和过去分词 )； 使更严重； 激怒； 使恼火

参考例句：

• If he aggravated me any more I shall hit him. 假如他再激怒我，我就要揍他。
• Far from relieving my cough, the medicine aggravated it. 这药非但不镇咳，反而使我咳嗽得更厉害。

17 chimerical   

adj.荒诞不经的，梦幻的

参考例句：

• His Utopia is not a chimerical commonwealth but a practical improvement on what already exists.他的乌托邦不是空想的联邦，而是对那些已经存在的联邦事实上的改进。
• Most interpret the information from the victims as chimerical thinking.大多数来自于受害者的解释是被当作空想。

18 attentive   

adj.注意的，专心的；关心(别人)的，殷勤的

参考例句：

• She was very attentive to her guests.她对客人招待得十分周到。
• The speaker likes to have an attentive audience.演讲者喜欢注意力集中的听众。

19 indigence   

n.贫穷

参考例句：

• His present indigence is a sufficient punishment for former folly.他现在所受的困苦足够惩罚他从前的胡作非为了。
• North korea's indigence is almost as scary as its belligerence.朝鲜的贫乏几乎和其好战一样可怕。

20 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

21 vile   

adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的

参考例句：

• Who could have carried out such a vile attack?会是谁发起这么卑鄙的攻击呢？
• Her talk was full of vile curses.她的话里充满着恶毒的咒骂。

22 odious   

adj.可憎的，讨厌的

参考例句：

• The judge described the crime as odious.法官称这一罪行令人发指。
• His character could best be described as odious.他的人格用可憎来形容最贴切。

23 infamous   

adj.声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的，邪恶的

参考例句：

• He was infamous for his anti-feminist attitudes.他因反对女性主义而声名狼藉。
• I was shocked by her infamous behaviour.她的无耻行径令我震惊。

24 miserable   

adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的

参考例句：

• It was miserable of you to make fun of him.你取笑他，这是可耻的。
• Her past life was miserable.她过去的生活很苦。

25 pedagogue   

n.教师

参考例句：

• The pedagogue is correcting the paper with a new pen.这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。
• Misfortune is a good pedagogue.不幸是良好的教师。

26 penetrate   

v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解

参考例句：

• Western ideas penetrate slowly through the East.西方观念逐渐传入东方。
• The sunshine could not penetrate where the trees were thickest.阳光不能透入树木最浓密的地方。

27 lathes   

车床( lathe的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They showed keen interest in the various lathes on exhibition. 他们对展出中的各类车床表现出了浓厚的兴趣。
• To automate the control process of the lathes has become very easy today. 使机床的控制过程自动化现已变得很容易了。

28 distinguished   

adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的

参考例句：

• Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
• A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。

29 scrutinizes   

v.仔细检查，详审( scrutinize的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• They fear the ear that hears their orders, and the eye that scrutinizes their actions. 从前，国王都相信他们是天神的儿子，或至少如此自以为是，而且多少还带着点他们父亲天神的风度。 来自互联网

30 triangular   

adj.三角（形）的，三者间的

参考例句：

• It's more or less triangular plot of land.这块地略成三角形。
• One particular triangular relationship became the model of Simone's first novel.一段特殊的三角关系成了西蒙娜第一本小说的原型。

31 aperture   

n.孔，隙，窄的缺口

参考例句：

• The only light came through a narrow aperture.仅有的光亮来自一个小孔。
• We saw light through a small aperture in the wall.我们透过墙上的小孔看到了亮光。

32 attic   

n.顶楼，屋顶室

参考例句：

• Leakiness in the roof caused a damp attic.屋漏使顶楼潮湿。
• What's to be done with all this stuff in the attic?顶楼上的材料怎么处理？

33 commiseration   

n.怜悯，同情

参考例句：

• I offered him my commiseration. 我对他表示同情。
• Self- commiseration brewed in her heart. 她在心里开始自叹命苦。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

34 permissible   

adj.可允许的，许可的

参考例句：

• Is smoking permissible in the theatre?在剧院里允许吸烟吗？
• Delay is not permissible,even for a single day.不得延误，即使一日亦不可。

35 traitor   

n.叛徒，卖国贼

参考例句：

• The traitor was finally found out and put in prison.那个卖国贼终于被人发现并被监禁了起来。
• He was sold out by a traitor and arrested.他被叛徒出卖而被捕了。

36 succor   

n.援助，帮助；v.给予帮助

参考例句：

• In two short hours we may look for succor from Webb.在短短的两小时内，韦布将军的救兵就可望到达。
• He was so much in need of succor,so totally alone.他当时孑然一身，形影相吊，特别需要援助。

37 allusion   

n.暗示，间接提示

参考例句：

• He made an allusion to a secret plan in his speech.在讲话中他暗示有一项秘密计划。
• She made no allusion to the incident.她没有提及那个事件。