Part 4 Book 7 Chapter 4 The Two Duties: To Watch and to Hope

This being the case, is all social danger dispelled¹? Certainly not. There is no Jacquerie; society may rest assured on that point; blood will no longer rush to its head. But let society take heed² to the manner in which it breathes. Apoplexy is no longer to be feared, but phthisis is there. Social phthisis is called misery³.

One can perish from being undermined as well as from being struck by lightning.

Let us not weary of repeating, and sympathetic souls must not forget that this is the first of fraternal obligations, and selfish hearts must understand that the first of political necessities consists in thinking first of all of the disinherited and sorrowing throngs⁴, in solacing⁵, airing, enlightening, loving them, in enlarging their horizon to a magnificent extent, in lavishing⁶ upon them education in every form, in offering them the example of labor⁷, never the example of idleness, in diminishing the individual burden by enlarging the notion of the universal aim, in setting a limit to poverty without setting a limit to wealth, in creating vast fields of public and popular activity, in having, like Briareus, a hundred hands to extend in all directions to the oppressed and the feeble, in employing the collective power for that grand duty of opening workshops for all arms, schools for all aptitudes⁸, and laboratories for all degrees of intelligence, in augmenting⁹ salaries, diminishing trouble, balancing what should be and what is, that is to say, in proportioning enjoyment¹⁰ to effort and a glut¹¹ to need; in a word, in evolving from the social apparatus¹² more light and more comfort for the benefit of those who suffer and those who are ignorant.

And, let us say it, all this is but the beginning. The true question is this: labor cannot be a law without being a right.

We will not insist upon this point; this is not the proper place for that.

If nature calls itself Providence¹³, society should call itself foresight¹⁴.

Intellectual and moral growth is no less indispensable than material improvement. To know is a sacrament, to think is the prime necessity, truth is nourishment¹⁵ as well as grain. A reason which fasts from science and wisdom grows thin. Let us enter equal complaint against stomachs and minds which do not eat. If there is anything more heart-breaking than a body perishing for lack of bread, it is a soul which is dying from hunger for the light.

The whole of progress tends in the direction of solution. Some day we shall be amazed. As the human race mounts upward, the deep layers emerge naturally from the zone of distress¹⁶. The obliteration¹⁷ of misery will be accomplished¹⁸ by a simple elevation¹⁹ of level.

We should do wrong were we to doubt this blessed consummation.

The past is very strong, it is true, at the present moment. It censures²⁰. This rejuvenation²¹ of a corpse²² is surprising. Behold²³, it is walking and advancing. It seems a victor; this dead body is a conqueror²⁴. He arrives with his legions, superstitions²⁵, with his sword, despotism, with his banner, ignorance; a while ago, he won ten battles. He advances, he threatens, he laughs, he is at our doors. Let us not despair, on our side. Let us sell the field on which Hannibal is encamped.

What have we to fear, we who believe?

No such thing as a back-flow of ideas exists any more than there exists a return of a river on its course.

But let those who do not desire a future reflect on this matter. When they say "no" to progress, it is not the future but themselves that they are condemning²⁶. They are giving themselves a sad malady²⁷; they are inoculating²⁸ themselves with the past. There is but one way of rejecting To-morrow, and that is to die.

Now, no death, that of the body as late as possible, that of the soul never,--this is what we desire.

Yes, the enigma²⁹ will utter its word, the sphinx will speak, the problem will be solved.

Yes, the people, sketched³⁰ out by the eighteenth century, will be finished by the nineteenth. He who doubts this is an idiot! The future blossoming, the near blossoming forth³¹ of universal well-being³², is a divinely fatal phenomenon.

Immense combined propulsions direct human affairs and conduct them within a given time to a logical state, that is to say, to a state of equilibrium³³; that is to say, to equity³⁴. A force composed of earth and heaven results from humanity and governs it; this force is a worker of miracles; marvellous issues are no more difficult to it than extraordinary vicissitudes³⁵. Aided by science, which comes from one man, and by the event, which comes from another, it is not greatly alarmed by these contradictions in the attitude of problems, which seem impossibilities to the vulgar herd³⁶. It is no less skilful³⁷ at causing a solution to spring forth from the reconciliation³⁸ of ideas, than a lesson from the reconciliation of facts, and we may expect anything from that mysterious power of progress, which brought the Orient and the Occident³⁹ face to face one fine day, in the depths of a sepulchre, and made the imaums converse⁴⁰ with Bonaparte in the interior of the Great Pyramid.

In the meantime, let there be no halt, no hesitation⁴¹, no pause in the grandiose⁴² onward⁴³ march of minds. Social philosophy consists essentially⁴⁴ in science and peace. Its object is, and its result must be, to dissolve wrath⁴⁵ by the study of antagonisms⁴⁶. It examines, it scrutinizes⁴⁷, it analyzes⁴⁸; then it puts together once more, it proceeds by means of reduction, discarding all hatred⁴⁹.

More than once, a society has been seen to give way before the wind which is let loose upon mankind; history is full of the shipwrecks⁵¹ of nations and empires; manners, customs, laws, religions,--and some fine day that unknown force, the hurricane, passes by and bears them all away. The civilizations of India, of Chaldea, of Persia, of Syria, of Egypt, have disappeared one after the other. Why? We know not. What are the causes of these disasters? We do not know. Could these societies have been saved? Was it their fault? Did they persist in the fatal vice⁵² which destroyed them? What is the amount of suicide in these terrible deaths of a nation and a race? Questions to which there exists no reply. Darkness enwraps condemned⁵³ civilizations. They sprung a leak, then they sank. We have nothing more to say; and it is with a sort of terror that we look on, at the bottom of that sea which is called the past, behind those colossal⁵⁴ waves, at the shipwreck⁵⁰ of those immense vessels⁵⁵, Babylon, Nineveh, Tarsus, Thebes, Rome, beneath the fearful gusts⁵⁶ which emerge from all the mouths of the shadows. But shadows are there, and light is here. We are not acquainted with the maladies of these ancient civilizations, we do not know the infirmities of our own. Everywhere upon it we have the right of light, we contemplate⁵⁷ its beauties, we lay bare its defects. Where it is ill, we probe; and the sickness once diagnosed, the study of the cause leads to the discovery of the remedy. Our civilization, the work of twenty centuries, is its law and its prodigy⁵⁸; it is worth the trouble of saving. It will be saved. It is already much to have solaced⁵⁹ it; its enlightenment is yet another point. All the labors⁶⁰ of modern social philosophies must converge⁶¹ towards this point. The thinker of to-day has a great duty-- to auscultate civilization.

We repeat, that this auscultation brings encouragement; it is by this persistence⁶² in encouragement that we wish to conclude these pages, an austere⁶³ interlude in a mournful drama. Beneath the social mortality, we feel human imperishableness. The globe does not perish, because it has these wounds, craters⁶⁴, eruptions⁶⁵, sulphur pits, here and there, nor because of a volcano which ejects its pus. The maladies of the people do not kill man.

And yet, any one who follows the course of social clinics shakes his head at times. The strongest, the tenderest, the most logical have their hours of weakness.

Will the future arrive? It seems as though we might almost put this question, when we behold so much terrible darkness. Melancholy⁶⁶ face-to-face encounter of selfish and wretched. On the part of the selfish, the prejudices, shadows of costly⁶⁷ education, appetite increasing through intoxication⁶⁸, a giddiness of prosperity which dulls, a fear of suffering which, in some, goes as far as an aversion for the suffering, an implacable satisfaction, the I so swollen⁶⁹ that it bars the soul; on the side of the wretched covetousness⁷⁰, envy, hatred of seeing others enjoy, the profound impulses of the human beast towards assuaging⁷¹ its desires, hearts full of mist, sadness, need, fatality⁷², impure⁷³ and simple ignorance.

Shall we continue to raise our eyes to heaven? Is the luminous⁷⁴ point which we distinguish there one of those which vanish? The ideal is frightful⁷⁵ to behold, thus lost in the depths, small,isolated, imperceptible, brilliant, but surrounded by those great, black menaces, monstrously⁷⁶ heaped around it; yet no more in danger than a star in the maw of the clouds.

既然如此，社会的危险是否完全消失了呢？当然不是。扎克雷运动绝不会发生。在这方面，社会可以安心，血液不再上冲使头脑发晕了，但是它得注意呼吸。不用再怕脑溢血了，痨病却还存在。社会的痨病便是穷。

慢性侵害和突然轰击一样能使人死亡。

我们应当不厌其烦地反复提出：要最先想到那些没有生计的痛苦民众，为他们减少困难，让他们得到空气和光明，爱护他们，扩大他们的视野，使他们感到灿烂辉煌，用种种形式为他们提供接受教育的机会，为他们提供劳动的榜样，而不是游手好闲的榜样，减轻他们个人负担的压力，增加他们对总目标的认识，限制穷困而不限制财富，大量创造人民共同劳动的天地，象布里亚柔斯①那样，把一百只手从四面八方伸向受压迫和软弱无力的人，为这一伟大职责运用集体的力量，为所有的胳膊开设工厂，为所有的才能开办学校，为所有的智力设立实验室，增加工资，减轻惩罚，平衡收支，也就是说，调整福利与劳动之间和享用与需求之间的比重。总之，要使社会机器为受苦和无知的人的利益发出更多的光明和更多的温暖，使富于同情心的人不忘记这些，这是人间友爱的第一义务，使自私自利的人懂得这些，这是政治的第一需要。

①布里亚柔斯（Briarée），神话中的巨人，是天和地的儿子，有五十个头和一百只手。　

我们还得指出，所有这些，只不过是一个开始。真正的问题是：劳动如果不成为权利，就不可能成为一种法制。

我们不在这里细谈，这里不是细谈的地方。

如果自然界是人类的依靠，人类社会便该有预见。

才智和精神的增长的必要性决不亚于物质的改善。知识是人生旅途中的资粮，思想第一重要，真理是粮食，有如稻麦。缺乏科学和哲理依据的智力必然枯竭。不吸取营养的精神和不吃不喝的胃是一样可怜的。如果还有什么比死于饥渴的躯体更能使人痛心的话，那一定是由于得不到光明而死去的灵魂了。

进步总倾向于问题的解决。总有一天，人们会大吃一惊。人类既是向高处前进的，处于底层深处的阶层必将自然而然地从灾区冲出。贫困的消灭将由水平的一次简单提高而得以完成。

人们如果怀疑这种善良的解决，那就错了。

过去的影响在目前确实还是很强大的。它会卷土重来。再次获得青春的尸体是骇人的。瞧！它大踏步地走来了。它好象是胜利者，这死尸成了征服者。它领着它的军团棗种种迷信，带着它的佩剑棗专制制度，举着它的大旗棗愚昧无知，来到了，不久前它还打了十次胜仗。它前进，它威吓，它笑，它到了我们的门口。至于我们，我们不用气馁。让我们把汉尼拔驻军的营地卖了吧。

我们有信念，我们还怕什么呢？

思想并不比江河有更多倒退的余地。

可是不要未来的人应当多想想。他们不要进步，其实他们所否认的并不是未来，而只是他们自己。他们甘愿害暗疾，他们把过去的种种当作疫苗来给自己接种。只有一个办法可以拒绝明天，那便是死去。

因此，不要死亡，躯体的死亡越迟越好，灵魂永不要死亡，这便是我们的愿望。

是的，谜底终将被揭开，斯芬克司终将说话，问题终将得到解决。是的，人民在十八世纪已经受了启蒙教育，他们必将成熟于十九世纪。对此，只有白痴才怀疑！普遍的美好的生活，在将来，在不久的将来，一定会象鲜花那样遍地开放，这一前景是天经地义，必然会到来的。

各方无限巨大的推力一同操纵着人间的事物，在一定时期使它们一一合乎逻辑，也就是说，平衡，也就是说，到达平等。一种由天地合成的力量来自人道并统治着人类，那种力量是创造奇迹的能手，对它来说，巧妙地排除困难并不比安排剧情的非常转变更棘手些。在来自人间的科学和来自上方的机缘这两者的帮助下，它对被提出的问题里一些可能会使庸人感到无法解决的矛盾是不怎么惊讶的。它从各种思想的综合分析中找到的解决方法的能力，并不低于从各种事态的综合分析中得出的教训，从进步的这种神秘威力中人可以期望一切，有朝一日，进步将使东方和西方在坟墓的底里相对，将使伊玛目①和波拿巴在大金字塔的内部对话。

目前，在这洋洋大观的思想长征中，我们不要止步，不要游移，不要有停顿的时间。社会哲学主要是和平哲学。它的目标，它应有的效果，是从研究敌对的动机中消除愤怒。它调查，它探讨，它分析，随后，它重新组合。它通过切削的办法进行工作，它把一切方面的仇恨全都切除。

人们不止一次看到一个社会会在一阵风暴中消失，历史中有不少民族和帝国惨遭灭顶，有不少习俗、法律、宗教，在一天之内被一阵突然袭来的飓风全部摧毁。印度、迦勒底、波斯、亚述、埃及的文明都先后消失了。为什么？我们不知道。这些灾难的根源何在？我们不了解。这些社会，在当时竟是无从拯救的吗？这中间有没有它们自身的过失呢？它们是不是曾在某种必然带来不幸的罪恶方面坚持错误，以致自取灭亡呢？在一个国家和一个民族的这种可怕的绝灭中，自杀的因素应占多大比重呢？这些问题，都无从回答。覆盖在这些消逝了的文明上面的，是一片黑暗。既然它们漏水，它们就被吞没了，再没有什么可说的。我们回溯已往的若干世纪，有如注视汪洋大海中的滔天巨浪，看见一艘艘特大的船：巴比伦、尼尼微、塔尔苏斯②、底比斯、罗马，在黑风恶浪的狂冲猛袭中，一一沉入海底，不禁意夺神骇。但是，那边黑暗，这边光明。我们不懂古代文明的病害，却知道自己文明的疾患。我们处处都有权利把它拿到阳光下来照照，我们瞻仰它的美丽，也要赤裸裸地揭露它的丑恶。它哪里不对劲，我们便在哪里诊治，一旦查明病情便可研究病因，对症下药。我们的文明是二十个世纪的成果，它既奇形怪状，但也绚烂不凡，它是值得救护的。也一定能得救。救助它，那已经不坏，开导它，就更好。现代社会哲学的一切活动都应集中于这一目标。今天的思想家负有一个重大的职责，那便是对文明进行听诊。

①伊玛目（iman），伊斯兰教清真寺的教长。

②塔尔苏斯（Tarse，即Tarsus），土耳其城市，在阿达纳之西。　　

我们要反复指出，这种听诊是能鼓舞人心的，也正是为了加强这种鼓舞作用，我们才在一个悲惨故事中插进这几页严肃的题外话。社会可以消亡，人类却不会毁灭。地球不会因这儿那儿有了些象伤口那样的火山口，象癣疥那样的硫质喷气孔，也不会因有座象流脓血那样喷射着的火山而死去。人民的疾病杀不了人。

虽然如此，对社会进行临床诊断的人，谁也会有摇头的时候。最刚强、最柔和、最讲逻辑的人有时也会迷惘。

未来果真会来到吗？人们被眼前的黑暗吓住时，几乎会对自己提出这样的问题。自私的人和贫苦的人的会见是阴惨的。在自私的人方面，有种种成见，那种发家致富教育的毒害，越吃越馋的胃口，财迷心窍的丧心病狂，对受苦的惧怕，有些竟恶化到了对受苦人的厌恶，毫不容情地要满足自己的欲念，自负到了精神闭塞的状态；在贫苦的人方面，有羡慕心、嫉妒心、见别人快乐而起的愤恨、因追求满足而发自内心深处的兽性冲动、充满了迷雾的心、忧愁、希求、怨命、不洁而又单纯的无知。

应当继续仰望天空吗？我们见到的天边的那个光点，是不是那些在熄灭中的天体之一呢？理想，高悬在遥远的天边，是那样微小，孤独，难以觉察，闪着亮光，看去令人心寒，在它四周，还围绕着堆叠如山的险阻危难和恶风黑影，然而它并不比云边的星星更处于危险之中。

1 dispelled   

v.驱散，赶跑( dispel的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• His speech dispelled any fears about his health. 他的发言消除了人们对他身体健康的担心。
• The sun soon dispelled the thick fog. 太阳很快驱散了浓雾。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 heed   

v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心

参考例句：

• You must take heed of what he has told.你要注意他所告诉的事。
• For the first time he had to pay heed to his appearance.这是他第一次非得注意自己的外表不可了。

3 misery   

n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦

参考例句：

• Business depression usually causes misery among the working class.商业不景气常使工薪阶层受苦。
• He has rescued me from the mire of misery.他把我从苦海里救了出来。

4 throngs   

n.人群( throng的名词复数 )v.成群，挤满( throng的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• She muscled through the throngs of people, frantically searching for David. 她使劲挤过人群，拼命寻找戴维。 来自辞典例句
• Our friends threaded their way slowly through the throngs upon the Bridge. 我们这两位朋友在桥上从人群中穿过，慢慢地往前走。 来自辞典例句

5 solacing   

v.安慰，慰藉( solace的现在分词 )

参考例句：

6 lavishing   

v.过分给予，滥施( lavish的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• With the private sector sitting on its hands, Western governments are lavishing subsidies on CCS. 只有一些私营部门使用碳截存技术，西方政府在这项技术上挥霍了不少的津贴。 来自互联网
• We were lavishing a little respect on China, which always works well with China. 我们给予中国一点尊重，而这样做对中国来说，通常都很受用。 来自互联网

7 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

8 aptitudes   

（学习方面的）才能，资质，天资( aptitude的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They all require special aptitudes combined with special training. 他们都应具有专门技能，并受过专门训练。
• Do program development with passion. has aptitudes for learning. research. innovation. 热爱程序开发工作。具有学习。钻研。创新的精神。

9 augmenting   

使扩张

参考例句：

• My business was now constantly augmenting, and my circumstances growing daily easier. 现在，我的业务不断扩大，我的境况日益安逸。
• I spent a penitential weekend augmenting the green acceptable. 我临时唯有利用周末在每顶绿帽子上加一点红色上去，以免男性来宾不肯戴上。

10 enjoyment   

n.乐趣；享有；享用

参考例句：

• Your company adds to the enjoyment of our visit. 有您的陪同，我们这次访问更加愉快了。
• After each joke the old man cackled his enjoyment.每逢讲完一个笑话，这老人就呵呵笑着表示他的高兴。

11 glut   

n.存货过多，供过于求；v.狼吞虎咽

参考例句：

• The glut of coffee led to a sharp drop in prices.咖啡供过于求道致价格急剧下跌。
• There's a glut of agricultural products in Western Europe.西欧的农产品供过于求。

12 apparatus   

n.装置，器械；器具，设备

参考例句：

• The school's audio apparatus includes films and records.学校的视听设备包括放映机和录音机。
• They had a very refined apparatus.他们有一套非常精良的设备。

13 providence   

n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝

参考例句：

• It is tempting Providence to go in that old boat.乘那艘旧船前往是冒大险。
• To act as you have done is to fly in the face of Providence.照你的所作所为那样去行事，是违背上帝的意志的。

14 foresight   

n.先见之明，深谋远虑

参考例句：

• The failure is the result of our lack of foresight.这次失败是由于我们缺乏远虑而造成的。
• It required a statesman's foresight and sagacity to make the decision.作出这个决定需要政治家的远见卓识。

15 nourishment   

n.食物，营养品；营养情况

参考例句：

• Lack of proper nourishment reduces their power to resist disease.营养不良降低了他们抵抗疾病的能力。
• He ventured that plants draw part of their nourishment from the air.他大胆提出植物从空气中吸收部分养分的观点。

16 distress   

n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛

参考例句：

• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
• Please don't distress yourself.请你不要忧愁了。

17 obliteration   

n.涂去，删除；管腔闭合

参考例句：

• The policy is obliteration, openly acknowledged. 政策是彻底毁灭，公开承认的政策。 来自演讲部分
• "Obliteration is not a justifiable act of war" “彻底消灭并不是有理的战争行为” 来自演讲部分

18 accomplished   

adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的

参考例句：

• Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。
• Removal of excess heat is accomplished by means of a radiator.通过散热器完成多余热量的排出。

19 elevation   

n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高

参考例句：

• The house is at an elevation of 2,000 metres.那幢房子位于海拔两千米的高处。
• His elevation to the position of General Manager was announced yesterday.昨天宣布他晋升总经理职位。

20 censures   

v.指责，非难，谴责( censure的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• With such censures I cannot profess that I completely agree. 对于这些指责，我不能说我完全同意。 来自辞典例句
• This is a review containing unfair censures of a new book. 这是对一本新书进行非难的文章。 来自互联网

21 rejuvenation   

n. 复原，再生, 更新, 嫩化, 恢复

参考例句：

• Prolonged starvation and aging might lead to rejuvenation of embryogenic potential. 长期的饥饿和衰老可以导致胚胎发生能力的复壮。
• All this signs rejuvenation of agriculture. 所有这些都预示着农业将复苏。

22 corpse   

n.尸体，死尸

参考例句：

• What she saw was just an unfeeling corpse.她见到的只是一具全无感觉的尸体。
• The corpse was preserved from decay by embalming.尸体用香料涂抹以防腐烂。

23 behold   

v.看，注视，看到

参考例句：

• The industry of these little ants is wonderful to behold.这些小蚂蚁辛勤劳动的样子看上去真令人惊叹。
• The sunrise at the seaside was quite a sight to behold.海滨日出真是个奇景。

24 conqueror   

n.征服者，胜利者

参考例句：

• We shall never yield to a conqueror.我们永远不会向征服者低头。
• They abandoned the city to the conqueror.他们把那个城市丢弃给征服者。

25 superstitions   

迷信，迷信行为( superstition的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Old superstitions seem incredible to educated people. 旧的迷信对于受过教育的人来说是不可思议的。
• Do away with all fetishes and superstitions. 破除一切盲目崇拜和迷信。

26 condemning   

v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的现在分词 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地

参考例句：

• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。
• I concur with the speaker in condemning what has been done. 我同意发言者对所做的事加以谴责。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

27 malady   

n.病，疾病(通常做比喻)

参考例句：

• There is no specific remedy for the malady.没有医治这种病的特效药。
• They are managing to control the malady into a small range.他们设法将疾病控制在小范围之内。

28 inoculating   

v.给…做预防注射( inoculate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• He attempted to investigate bidirectional streaming by inoculating two dishes with R. oryzae. 他试图研究双向流动的问题，他把未根霉接种于两个培养皿。 来自辞典例句
• Doctors examined the recruits but nurses did the inocuLating. 医生们给新兵检查了身体，护士们给他们打了预防针。 来自互联网

29 enigma   

n.谜，谜一样的人或事

参考例句：

• I've known him for many years,but he remains something of an enigma to me.我与他相识多年，他仍然难以捉摸。
• Even after all the testimonies,the murder remained a enigma.即使听完了所有的证词，这件谋杀案仍然是一个谜。

30 sketched   

v.草拟（sketch的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• The historical article sketched the major events of the decade. 这篇有关历史的文章概述了这十年中的重大事件。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He sketched the situation in a few vivid words. 他用几句生动的语言简述了局势。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

31 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

32 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

33 equilibrium   

n.平衡，均衡，相称，均势，平静

参考例句：

• Change in the world around us disturbs our inner equilibrium.我们周围世界的变化扰乱了我们内心的平静。
• This is best expressed in the form of an equilibrium constant.这最好用平衡常数的形式来表示。

34 equity   

n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票

参考例句：

• They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
• To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。

35 vicissitudes   

n.变迁，世事变化；变迁兴衰( vicissitude的名词复数 )；盛衰兴废

参考例句：

• He experienced several great social vicissitudes in his life. 他一生中经历了几次大的社会变迁。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A man used to vicissitudes is not easily dejected. 饱经沧桑，不易沮丧。 来自《简明英汉词典》

36 herd   

n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起

参考例句：

• She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
• He had no opinions of his own but simply follow the herd.他从无主见，只是人云亦云。

37 skilful   

(=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的

参考例句：

• The more you practise,the more skilful you'll become.练习的次数越多，熟练的程度越高。
• He's not very skilful with his chopsticks.他用筷子不大熟练。

38 reconciliation   

n.和解，和谐，一致

参考例句：

• He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
• Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。

39 occident   

n.西方；欧美

参考例句：

• Our cultural beliefs caused many problems traveling through the Occident.我们在文化上的信仰导致了许多在西方国家旅游时的问题。
• Almost every great occident philosopher discussed this problem after Descartes.笛卡尔以后，几乎所有伟大的西方哲学家都对这个问题进行了深刻的探讨。

40 converse   

vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反

参考例句：

• He can converse in three languages.他可以用3种语言谈话。
• I wanted to appear friendly and approachable but I think I gave the converse impression.我想显得友好、平易近人些,却发觉给人的印象恰恰相反。

41 hesitation   

n.犹豫，踌躇

参考例句：

• After a long hesitation, he told the truth at last.踌躇了半天，他终于直说了。
• There was a certain hesitation in her manner.她的态度有些犹豫不决。

42 grandiose   

adj.宏伟的，宏大的，堂皇的，铺张的

参考例句：

• His grandiose manner impressed those who met him for the first time.他那种夸大的举止给第一次遇见他的人留下了深刻的印象。
• As the fog vanished,a grandiose landscape unfolded before the tourists.雾气散去之后，一幅壮丽的景观展现在游客面前。

43 onward   

adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先

参考例句：

• The Yellow River surges onward like ten thousand horses galloping.黄河以万马奔腾之势滚滚向前。
• He followed in the steps of forerunners and marched onward.他跟随着先辈的足迹前进。

44 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

45 wrath   

n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒

参考例句：

• His silence marked his wrath. 他的沉默表明了他的愤怒。
• The wrath of the people is now aroused. 人们被激怒了。

46 antagonisms   

对抗，敌对( antagonism的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The fundamental antagonisms in such an arrangement were obvious. 在这样一种安排中，基本矛盾很明显。
• The antagonisms between the two empires and systems were mortal. 这两个帝国和两种制度之间，有着不共戴天的仇恨。

47 scrutinizes   

v.仔细检查，详审( scrutinize的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• They fear the ear that hears their orders, and the eye that scrutinizes their actions. 从前，国王都相信他们是天神的儿子，或至少如此自以为是，而且多少还带着点他们父亲天神的风度。 来自互联网

48 analyzes   

v.分析( analyze的第三人称单数 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析

参考例句：

• This approach analyzes management by studying experience usually through cases. 这个学派通常从实例获得经验，用以分析管理。 来自辞典例句
• The econometrician analyzes statistical data. 经济计量学者要分析统计材料。 来自辞典例句

49 hatred   

n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨

参考例句：

• He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。

50 shipwreck   

n.船舶失事，海难

参考例句：

• He walked away from the shipwreck.他船难中平安地脱险了。
• The shipwreck was a harrowing experience.那次船难是一个惨痛的经历。

51 shipwrecks   

海难，船只失事( shipwreck的名词复数 )； 沉船

参考例句：

• Shipwrecks are apropos of nothing. 船只失事总是来得出人意料。
• There are many shipwrecks in these waters. 在这些海域多海难事件。

52 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

53 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

54 colossal   

adj.异常的，庞大的

参考例句：

• There has been a colossal waste of public money.一直存在巨大的公款浪费。
• Some of the tall buildings in that city are colossal.那座城市里的一些高层建筑很庞大。

55 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

56 gusts   

一阵强风( gust的名词复数 )； （怒、笑等的）爆发； （感情的）迸发； 发作

参考例句：

• Her profuse skirt bosomed out with the gusts. 她的宽大的裙子被风吹得鼓鼓的。
• Turbulence is defined as a series of irregular gusts. 紊流定义为一组无规则的突风。

57 contemplate   

vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视

参考例句：

• The possibility of war is too horrifying to contemplate.战争的可能性太可怕了，真不堪细想。
• The consequences would be too ghastly to contemplate.后果不堪设想。

58 prodigy   

n.惊人的事物，奇迹，神童，天才，预兆

参考例句：

• She was a child prodigy on the violin.她是神童小提琴手。
• He was always a Negro prodigy who played barbarously and wonderfully.他始终是一个黑人的奇才，这种奇才弹奏起来粗野而惊人。

59 solaced   

v.安慰，慰藉( solace的过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The unhappy man solaced himself with whisky. 那忧伤的人以威士忌酒浇愁。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• She was distracted with grief and refused to be solaced. 她悲痛得精神恍惚，怎麽安慰也没用。 来自辞典例句

60 labors   

v.努力争取(for)( labor的第三人称单数 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转

参考例句：

• He was tiresome in contending for the value of his own labors. 他老为他自己劳动的价值而争强斗胜，令人生厌。 来自辞典例句
• Farm labors used to hire themselves out for the summer. 农业劳动者夏季常去当雇工。 来自辞典例句

61 converge   

vi.会合；聚集，集中；(思想、观点等)趋近

参考例句：

• The results converge towards this truth.其结果趋近于这个真理。
• Parallel lines converge at infinity.平行线永不相交。

62 persistence   

n.坚持，持续，存留

参考例句：

• The persistence of a cough in his daughter puzzled him.他女儿持续的咳嗽把他难住了。
• He achieved success through dogged persistence.他靠着坚持不懈取得了成功。

63 austere   

adj.艰苦的；朴素的，朴实无华的；严峻的

参考例句：

• His way of life is rather austere.他的生活方式相当简朴。
• The room was furnished in austere style.这间屋子的陈设都很简单朴素。

64 craters   

n.火山口( crater的名词复数 )；弹坑等

参考例句：

• Small meteorites have left impact craters all over the planet's surface. 这个行星的表面布满了小块陨石留下的撞击坑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The battlefield was full of craters made by exploding shells. 战场上布满弹坑。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

65 eruptions   

n.喷发，爆发( eruption的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There have been several volcanic eruptions this year. 今年火山爆发了好几次。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Over 200 people have been killed by volcanic eruptions. 火山喷发已导致200多人丧生。 来自辞典例句

66 melancholy   

n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的

参考例句：

• All at once he fell into a state of profound melancholy.他立即陷入无尽的忧思之中。
• He felt melancholy after he failed the exam.这次考试没通过，他感到很郁闷。

67 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

68 intoxication   

n.wild excitement;drunkenness；poisoning

参考例句：

• He began to drink, drank himself to intoxication, till he slept obliterated. 他一直喝，喝到他快要迷糊地睡着了。
• Predator: Intoxication-Damage over time effect will now stack with other allies. Predator:Intoxication,持续性伤害的效果将会与队友相加。

69 swollen   

adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀

参考例句：

• Her legs had got swollen from standing up all day.因为整天站着，她的双腿已经肿了。
• A mosquito had bitten her and her arm had swollen up.蚊子叮了她，她的手臂肿起来了。

70 covetousness   

参考例句：

• As covetousness is the root of all evil, so poverty is the worst of all snares. 正如贪婪是万恶之源一样，贫穷是最坏的陷阱。 来自辞典例句
• Poverty want many thing, but covetousness all. 贫穷可满足；欲望却难填。 来自互联网

71 assuaging   

v.减轻( assuage的现在分词 )；缓和；平息；使安静

参考例句：

• The structure, aimed at assuaging concerns about Indonesian law, is commonly deployed. 该结构旨在规避印尼法律，目前得到广泛使用。 来自互联网
• In assuaging these worries, governments will have to balance two risks. 为了安抚这些忧虑，政府必须平衡两个风险。 来自互联网

72 fatality   

n.不幸，灾祸，天命

参考例句：

• She struggle against fatality in vain.她徒然奋斗反抗宿命。
• He began to have a growing sense of fatality.他开始有一种越来越强烈的宿命感。

73 impure   

adj.不纯净的，不洁的；不道德的，下流的

参考例句：

• The air of a big city is often impure.大城市的空气往往是污浊的。
• Impure drinking water is a cause of disease.不洁的饮用水是引发疾病的一个原因。

74 luminous   

adj.发光的，发亮的；光明的；明白易懂的；有启发的

参考例句：

• There are luminous knobs on all the doors in my house.我家所有门上都安有夜光把手。
• Most clocks and watches in this shop are in luminous paint.这家商店出售的大多数钟表都涂了发光漆。

75 frightful   

adj.可怕的；讨厌的

参考例句：

• How frightful to have a husband who snores!有一个发鼾声的丈夫多讨厌啊！
• We're having frightful weather these days.这几天天气坏极了。

76 monstrously   

参考例句：

• There is a class of men in Bristol monstrously prejudiced against Blandly. 布里斯托尔有那么一帮人为此恨透了布兰德利。
• You are monstrously audacious, how dare you misappropriate public funds? 你真是狗胆包天，公家的钱也敢挪用？