Part 4 Book 10 Chapter 5 Originality of Paris

During the last two years, as we have said, Paris had witnessed more than one insurrection. Nothing is, generally, more singularly calm than the physiognomy of Paris during an uprising beyond the bounds of the rebellious¹ quarters. Paris very speedily accustoms² herself to anything,--it is only a riot,--and Paris has so many affairs on hand, that she does not put herself out for so small a matter. These colossal³ cities alone can offer such spectacles. These immense enclosures alone can contain at the same time civil war and an odd and indescribable tranquillity⁴. Ordinarily, when an insurrection commences, when the shop-keeper hears the drum, the call to arms, the general alarm, he contents himself with the remark:--

"There appears to be a squabble in the Rue⁵ Saint-Martin."

Or:--

"In the Faubourg Saint-Antoine."

Often he adds carelessly:--

"Or somewhere in that direction."

Later on, when the heart-rending and mournful hubbub⁶ of musketry and firing by platoons becomes audible, the shopkeeper says:--

"It's getting hot! Hullo, it's getting hot!"

A moment later, the riot approaches and gains in force, he shuts up his shop precipitately⁷, hastily dons his uniform, that is to say, he places his merchandise in safety and risks his own person.

Men fire in a square, in a passage, in a blind alley⁸; they take and re-take the barricade⁹; blood flows, the grape-shot riddles¹⁰ the fronts of the houses, the balls kill people in their beds, corpses¹¹ encumber¹² the streets. A few streets away, the shock of billiard-balls can be heard in the cafes.

The theatres open their doors and present vaudevilles; the curious laugh and chat a couple of paces distant from these streets filled with war. Hackney-carriages go their way; passers-by are going to a dinner somewhere in town. Sometimes in the very quarter where the fighting is going on.

In 1831, a fusillade was stopped to allow a wedding party to pass.

At the time of the insurrection of 1839, in the Rue Saint-Martin a little, infirm old man, pushing a hand-cart surmounted¹³ by a tricolored rag, in which he had carafes¹⁴ filled with some sort of liquid, went and came from barricade to troops and from troops to the barricade, offering his glasses of cocoa impartially,--now to the Government, now to anarchy¹⁵.

Nothing can be stranger; and this is the peculiar¹⁶ character of uprisings in Paris, which cannot be found in any other capital. To this end, two things are requisite¹⁷, the size of Paris and its gayety. The city of Voltaire and Napoleon is necessary.

On this occasion, however, in the resort to arms of June 25th, 1832, the great city felt something which was, perhaps, stronger than itself. It was afraid.

Closed doors, windows, and shutters¹⁸ were to be seen everywhere, in the most distant and most "disinterested¹⁹" quarters. The courageous²⁰ took to arms, the poltroons hid. The busy and heedless passer-by disappeared. Many streets were empty at four o'clock in the morning.

Alarming details were hawked²¹ about, fatal news was disseminated,-- that they were masters of the Bank;--that there were six hundred of them in the Cloister²² of Saint-Merry alone, entrenched²³ and embattled in the church; that the line was not to be depended on; that Armand Carrel had been to see Marshal Clausel and that the Marshal had said: "Get a regiment²⁴ first"; that Lafayette was ill, but that he had said to them, nevertheless: "I am with you. I will follow you wherever there is room for a chair"; that one must be on one's guard; that at night there would be people pillaging²⁵ isolated²⁶ dwellings²⁷ in the deserted²⁸ corners of Paris (there the imagination of the police, that Anne Radcliffe mixed up with the Government was recognizable); that a battery had been established in the Rue Aubry le Boucher; that Lobau and Bugeaud were putting their heads together, and that, at midnight, or at daybreak at latest, four columns would march simultaneously²⁹ on the centre of the uprising, the first coming from the Bastille, the second from the Porte Saint-Martin, the third from the Greve, the fourth from the Halles; that perhaps, also, the troops would evacuate³⁰ Paris and withdraw to the Champ-de-Mars; that no one knew what would happen, but that this time, it certainly was serious.

People busied themselves over Marshal Soult's hesitations³¹. Why did not he attack at once? It is certain that he was profoundly absorbed. The old lion seemed to scent³² an unknown monster in that gloom.

Evening came, the theatres did not open; the patrols circulated with an air of irritation³³; passers-by were searched; suspicious persons were arrested. By nine o'clock, more than eight hundred persons had been arrested, the Prefecture of Police was encumbered³⁴ with them, so was the Conciergerie, so was La Force.

At the Conciergerie in particular, the long vault³⁵ which is called the Rue de Paris was littered with trusses of straw upon which lay a heap of prisoners, whom the man of Lyons, Lagrange, harangued³⁶ valiantly³⁷. All that straw rustled³⁸ by all these men, produced the sound of a heavy shower. Elsewhere prisoners slept in the open air in the meadows, piled on top of each other.

Anxiety reigned³⁹ everywhere, and a certain tremor⁴⁰ which was not habitual⁴¹ with Paris.

People barricaded⁴² themselves in their houses; wives and mothers were uneasy; nothing was to be heard but this: "Ah! my God! He has not come home!" There was hardly even the distant rumble⁴³ of a vehicle to be heard.

People listened on their thresholds, to the rumors⁴⁴, the shouts, the tumult⁴⁵, the dull and indistinct sounds, to the things that were said: "It is cavalry," or: "Those are the caissons galloping," to the trumpets⁴⁶, the drums, the firing, and, above all, to that lamentable⁴⁷ alarm peal⁴⁸ from Saint-Merry.

They waited for the first cannon-shot. Men sprang up at the corners of the streets and disappeared, shouting: "Go home!" And people made haste to bolt their doors. They said: "How will all this end?" From moment to moment, in proportion as the darkness descended⁴⁹, Paris seemed to take on a more mournful hue⁵⁰ from the formidable flaming of the revolt.

两年以来，我们已提到过，巴黎见过的起义不止一次。除了起义的地区以外，巴黎在暴动时期的面貌一般总是平静到出奇的。巴黎能很快习惯一切；那不过是一场暴动，并且巴黎有那么多事要做，它不会为那一点点事而大惊小怪。这些庞大的城市单凭自己就可以提供种种表演。这些广阔的城市单凭自己就可同时容纳内战和那种说不上是种什么样的奇怪的宁静。每当起义开始，人们听到集合或告警的鼓声时，店铺的老板照例只说一声：

“圣马尔丹街好象又在闹事了。”

或者说：

“圣安东尼郊区。”

常常，他漫不经心地加上一句：

“就在那一带。”

过后，当人们听到那种阴惨到令人心碎的稀疏或密集的枪声时，那老板又说：

“认起真来了吗？是啊，认起真来了！”

再过一阵，如果暴动到了近处，势头也更大了，他便连忙关上店门，赶快穿上制服，这就是说，保障他货物的安全，拿他自己去冒险。

人们在十字路口、通道上、死胡同里相互射击，街垒被占领，被夺回，又被占领；血流遍地，房屋的门墙被机枪扫射得弹痕累累，睡在床上的人被流弹打死，尸体布满街心。在相隔几条街的地方，人们却能听到咖啡馆里有象牙球在球台上撞击的声音。

好奇的人在离这些战火横飞的街道两步远的地方谈笑风生，戏院都敞开大门，演着闹剧。出租马车穿梭来往，过路的人进城宴饮，有时就在交火的地区。一八三一年，有一处射击忽然停了下来，让一对新婚夫妇和他们的亲友越过火线。

在一八三九年五月十二日的那次起义中，圣马尔丹街上有个残废的小老头，拉着一辆手推车，车上载着一些盛满某种饮料的瓶子，上面盖着一块三色破布，从街垒走向军队，又从军队走向街垒，一视同仁地来回供应着一杯又一杯的椰子汁，时而供给政府，时而供给无政府主义。

再没有什么比这更奇特的了，而这就是巴黎暴动所独具的特征，是任何其他都城所没有的。为此，必须具备两件东西：

巴黎的伟大和它的豪兴。必须是伏尔泰和拿破仑的城市。

可是在一八三二年六月五日的这次武装反抗中，这个大城市感到了某种也许比它自己更强大的东西。它害了怕。人们看见，在那些最远和最“无动于衷”的区里，门、窗以及板窗在大白天也都关上了。勇敢的拿起了武器，胆小的躲了起来。街上已见不到那种不闻不问、单为自己奔忙的行人。许多街道都象早晨四点钟那样，不见人影。大家都唠唠叨叨地谈着一些惊人的新闻，大家都散播着一些生死攸关的消息，说什么“他们已是国家银行的主人”，“仅仅在圣美里修院，他们就有六百人，在教堂里挖了战壕并筑了工事”，“防线是不牢固的”，“阿尔芒·加莱尔①去见克洛塞尔②元帅，元帅说：‘您首先要调一个联队来’”，“拉斐德在害病，然而他对他们说：‘我和你们在一起。我会跟着你们去任何地方，只要那里有摆一张椅子的地方’”，“应随时准备好，晚上会有人在巴黎的荒僻角落里抢劫那些孤零零的人家（在此我们领教了警察的想象，这位和政府混在一起的安娜·拉德克利夫③）”，“奥白利屠夫街设了炮兵阵地”，“罗博和毕若已商量好，午夜或至迟到黎明，就会有四个纵队同时向暴动的中心进攻，第一队来自巴士底，第二队来自圣马尔丹门，第三队来自格雷沃，第四队来自菜市场区；军队也许会从巴黎撤走，退到马尔斯广场；谁也不知道会发生什么事，但是，这一次，肯定是严重的”，“大家对苏尔特元帅的犹豫不决都很关心”，“他为什么不立即进攻？”“肯定他是高深莫测的。这头老狮子好象在黑暗中嗅到了一只无名的怪兽”。

①阿尔芒·加莱尔（ArmandCarrel，1800?836），法国资产阶级政论家，自由派，《国民报》的创办人之一和编辑。

②克洛塞尔（BertrandClausel，1772?842），伯爵，法国将军，一八三一年起是元帅，一八○九年至一八一四年参加比利牛斯半岛战争，后任阿尔及利亚总督（1830?831和1835?837）。

③安娜·拉德克利夫（AnneRadcliffe，1764?823），英国女作家，著有一些描写秘密罪行的小说。

傍晚时分到了，戏院都不开门，巡逻队，神情郁怒，在街上来回巡视，行人被搜查，形迹可疑的遭逮捕。九点钟已经逮捕了八百人，警署监狱人满，刑部监狱人满，拉弗尔斯监狱人满。特别是在刑部监狱，在人们称为巴黎街的那条长地道里铺满了麦秆，躺在那上面的囚犯挤成了堆，那个里昂人，拉格朗日①，正对着囚犯们大胆地发表演说。这些人躺在这些麦秆上，一动起来，就发出一阵下大雨的声音。其他监狱里的囚犯，都一个压着一个，睡在敞开的堂屋里。处处空气紧张，人心浮动，这在巴黎是少有的。

①拉格朗日（CharlesLagrange），在里昂建立“进步社”，一八三四年他领导里昂工人起义。

在自己的家里人也都采取了防御措施。做母亲的，做妻子的，都惴惴不安，只听见她们说：“啊，我的天主！他还没有回来！”难得听到一辆车子在远处滚动。人们立在大门口听着那些隐隐传来的、不清晰的鼓噪、叫喊、嘈杂的声音，他们说：“这是马队走过。”或者说：“这是装弹药箱的马车在跑。”他们听到军号声、鼓声、枪声，最揪心的是圣美里的警钟声。人们等待着第一声炮响。一些拿着武器的人忽然出现在街角，喊道：“回家去，你们！”随即又不见了。大家赶紧推上门闩说道：“几时才闹得完啊？”随着夜色的逐渐加深，巴黎暴动的火焰好象也越来越显得阴惨骇人了。

1 rebellious   

adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的

参考例句：

• They will be in danger if they are rebellious.如果他们造反，他们就要发生危险。
• Her reply was mild enough,but her thoughts were rebellious.她的回答虽然很温和，但她的心里十分反感。

2 accustoms   

v.（使）习惯于( accustom的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• It's like staying in a fish market and getting used to the stink; long exposure to a bad environment accustoms one to evil ways. 如入鲍鱼之肆，久而不闻其臭。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

3 colossal   

adj.异常的，庞大的

参考例句：

• There has been a colossal waste of public money.一直存在巨大的公款浪费。
• Some of the tall buildings in that city are colossal.那座城市里的一些高层建筑很庞大。

4 tranquillity   

n. 平静, 安静

参考例句：

• The phenomenon was so striking and disturbing that his philosophical tranquillity vanished. 这个令人惶惑不安的现象，扰乱了他的旷达宁静的心境。
• My value for domestic tranquillity should much exceed theirs. 我应该远比他们重视家庭的平静生活。

5 rue   

n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔

参考例句：

• You'll rue having failed in the examination.你会悔恨考试失败。
• You're going to rue this the longest day that you live.你要终身悔恨不尽呢。

6 hubbub   

n.嘈杂；骚乱

参考例句：

• The hubbub of voices drowned out the host's voice.嘈杂的声音淹没了主人的声音。
• He concentrated on the work in hand,and the hubbub outside the room simply flowed over him.他埋头于手头的工作，室外的吵闹声他简直象没有听见一般。

7 precipitately   

adv.猛进地

参考例句：

• The number of civil wars continued to rise until about 1990 and then fell precipitately. 而国内战争的数量在1990年以前都有增加，1990年后则锐减。 来自互联网
• His wife and mistress, until an hour ago and inviolate were slipping precipitately from his control. 他的妻子和情妇，直到一小时前还是安安稳稳、不可侵犯的，现在却猛不防正从他的控制下溜走。 来自互联网

8 alley   

n.小巷，胡同；小径，小路

参考例句：

• We live in the same alley.我们住在同一条小巷里。
• The blind alley ended in a brick wall.这条死胡同的尽头是砖墙。

9 barricade   

n.路障，栅栏，障碍；vt.设路障挡住

参考例句：

• The soldiers make a barricade across the road.士兵在路上设路障。
• It is difficult to break through a steel barricade.冲破钢铁障碍很难。

10 riddles   

n.谜（语）( riddle的名词复数 )；猜不透的难题，难解之谜

参考例句：

• Few riddles collected from oral tradition, however, have all six parts. 但是据收集的情况看，口头流传的谜语很少具有这完整的六部分。 来自英汉非文学 - 民俗
• But first, you'd better see if you can answer riddles. 但是你首先最好想想你会不会猜谜语。 来自辞典例句

11 corpses   

n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The living soldiers put corpses together and burned them. 活着的战士把尸体放在一起烧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Overhead, grayish-white clouds covered the sky, piling up heavily like decaying corpses. 天上罩满了灰白的薄云，同腐烂的尸体似的沉沉的盖在那里。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

12 encumber   

v.阻碍行动，妨碍，堆满

参考例句：

• He never let a woman encumber him for any length of time.他从来不让一个女人妨碍他太久的时间。
• They can't encumber us on the road.他们不会在路上拖累大家。

13 surmounted   

战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上

参考例句：

• She was well aware of the difficulties that had to be surmounted. 她很清楚必须克服哪些困难。
• I think most of these obstacles can be surmounted. 我认为这些障碍大多数都是可以克服的。

14 carafes   

n.玻璃水瓶（或酒瓶）( carafe的名词复数 )

参考例句：

15 anarchy   

n.无政府状态；社会秩序混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• There would be anarchy if we had no police.要是没有警察，社会就会无法无天。
• The country was thrown into a state of anarchy.这国家那时一下子陷入无政府状态。

16 peculiar   

adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的

参考例句：

• He walks in a peculiar fashion.他走路的样子很奇特。
• He looked at me with a very peculiar expression.他用一种很奇怪的表情看着我。

17 requisite   

adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品

参考例句：

• He hasn't got the requisite qualifications for the job.他不具备这工作所需的资格。
• Food and air are requisite for life.食物和空气是生命的必需品。

18 shutters   

百叶窗( shutter的名词复数 )； （照相机的）快门

参考例句：

• The shop-front is fitted with rolling shutters. 那商店的店门装有卷门。
• The shutters thumped the wall in the wind. 在风中百叶窗砰砰地碰在墙上。

19 disinterested   

adj.不关心的，不感兴趣的

参考例句：

• He is impartial and disinterested.他公正无私。
• He's always on the make,I have never known him do a disinterested action.他这个人一贯都是唯利是图，我从来不知道他有什么无私的行动。

20 courageous   

adj.勇敢的，有胆量的

参考例句：

• We all honour courageous people.我们都尊重勇敢的人。
• He was roused to action by courageous words.豪言壮语促使他奋起行动。

21 hawked   

通过叫卖主动兜售（hawk的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• Some were haggling loudly with traders as they hawked their wares. 有些人正在大声同兜售货物的商贩讲价钱。
• The peddler hawked his wares from door to door. 小贩挨户叫卖货物。

22 cloister   

n.修道院；v.隐退，使与世隔绝

参考例句：

• They went out into the stil,shadowy cloister garden.他们出了房间，走到那个寂静阴沉的修道院的园子里去。
• The ancient cloister was a structure of red brick picked out with white stone.古老的修道院是一座白石衬托着的红砖建筑物。

23 entrenched   

adj.确立的，不容易改的(风俗习惯)

参考例句：

• Television seems to be firmly entrenched as the number one medium for national advertising.电视看来要在全国广告媒介中牢固地占据头等位置。
• If the enemy dares to attack us in these entrenched positions,we will make short work of them.如果敌人胆敢进攻我们固守的阵地，我们就消灭他们。

24 regiment   

n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制

参考例句：

• As he hated army life,he decide to desert his regiment.因为他嫌恶军队生活，所以他决心背弃自己所在的那个团。
• They reformed a division into a regiment.他们将一个师整编成为一个团。

25 pillaging   

v.抢劫，掠夺( pillage的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The rebels went looting and pillaging. 叛乱者趁火打劫，掠夺财物。
• Soldiers went on a rampage, pillaging stores and shooting. 士兵们横冲直撞，洗劫商店并且开枪射击。 来自辞典例句

26 isolated   

adj.与世隔绝的

参考例句：

• His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
• Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

27 dwellings   

n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The development will consist of 66 dwellings and a number of offices. 新建楼区将由66栋住房和一些办公用房组成。
• The hovels which passed for dwellings are being pulled down. 过去用作住室的陋屋正在被拆除。 来自《简明英汉词典》

28 deserted   

adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的

参考例句：

• The deserted village was filled with a deathly silence.这个荒废的村庄死一般的寂静。
• The enemy chieftain was opposed and deserted by his followers.敌人头目众叛亲离。

29 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

30 evacuate   

v.遣送；搬空；抽出；排泄；大(小)便

参考例句：

• We must evacuate those soldiers at once!我们必须立即撤出这些士兵！
• They were planning to evacuate the seventy American officials still in the country.他们正计划转移仍滞留在该国的70名美国官员。

31 hesitations   

n.犹豫( hesitation的名词复数 )；踌躇；犹豫（之事或行为）；口吃

参考例句：

• His doubts and hesitations were tiresome. 他的疑惑和犹豫令人厌烦。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The cool manipulators in Hanoi had exploited America's hesitations and self-doubt. 善于冷静地操纵这类事的河内统治者大大地钻了美国当局优柔寡断的空子。 来自辞典例句

32 scent   

n.气味，香味，香水，线索，嗅觉；v.嗅，发觉

参考例句：

• The air was filled with the scent of lilac.空气中弥漫着丁香花的芬芳。
• The flowers give off a heady scent at night.这些花晚上散发出醉人的芳香。

33 irritation   

n.激怒，恼怒，生气

参考例句：

• He could not hide his irritation that he had not been invited.他无法掩饰因未被邀请而生的气恼。
• Barbicane said nothing,but his silence covered serious irritation.巴比康什么也不说，但是他的沉默里潜伏着阴郁的怒火。

34 encumbered   

v.妨碍，阻碍，拖累( encumber的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The police operation was encumbered by crowds of reporters. 警方的行动被成群的记者所妨碍。
• The narrow quay was encumbered by hundreds of carts. 狭窄的码头被数百辆手推车堵得水泄不通。 来自辞典例句

35 vault   

n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室

参考例句：

• The vault of this cathedral is very high.这座天主教堂的拱顶非常高。
• The old patrician was buried in the family vault.这位老贵族埋在家族的墓地里。

36 harangued   

v.高谈阔论( harangue的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He harangued his fellow students and persuaded them to walk out. 他对他的同学慷慨陈词说服他们罢课。 来自辞典例句
• The teacher harangued us all about our untidy work. 老师对于凌乱的作业对我们全部喋喋不休地训斥。 来自互联网

37 valiantly   

adv.勇敢地，英勇地；雄赳赳

参考例句：

• He faced the enemy valiantly, shuned no difficulties and dangers and would not hesitate to lay down his life if need be. 他英勇对敌，不避艰险，赴汤蹈火在所不计。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Murcertach strove valiantly to meet the new order of things. 面对这个新事态，默克塔克英勇奋斗。 来自辞典例句

38 rustled   

v.发出沙沙的声音( rustle的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He rustled his papers. 他把试卷弄得沙沙地响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Leaves rustled gently in the breeze. 树叶迎着微风沙沙作响。 来自《简明英汉词典》

39 reigned   

vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式）

参考例句：

• Silence reigned in the hall. 全场肃静。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Night was deep and dead silence reigned everywhere. 夜深人静，一片死寂。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

40 tremor   

n.震动，颤动，战栗，兴奋，地震

参考例句：

• There was a slight tremor in his voice.他的声音有点颤抖。
• A slight earth tremor was felt in California.加利福尼亚发生了轻微的地震。

41 habitual   

adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的

参考例句：

• He is a habitual criminal.他是一个惯犯。
• They are habitual visitors to our house.他们是我家的常客。

42 barricaded   

设路障于，以障碍物阻塞( barricade的过去式和过去分词 )； 设路障[防御工事]保卫或固守

参考例句：

• The police barricaded the entrance. 警方在入口处设置了路障。
• The doors had been barricaded. 门都被堵住了。

43 rumble   

n.隆隆声；吵嚷；v.隆隆响；低沉地说

参考例句：

• I hear the rumble of thunder in the distance.我听到远处雷声隆隆。
• We could tell from the rumble of the thunder that rain was coming.我们根据雷的轰隆声可断定，天要下雨了。

44 rumors   

n.传闻( rumor的名词复数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷v.传闻( rumor的第三人称单数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷

参考例句：

• Rumors have it that the school was burned down. 有谣言说学校给烧掉了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Rumors of a revolt were afloat. 叛变的谣言四起。 来自《简明英汉词典》

45 tumult   

n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹

参考例句：

• The tumult in the streets awakened everyone in the house.街上的喧哗吵醒了屋子里的每一个人。
• His voice disappeared under growing tumult.他的声音消失在越来越响的喧哗声中。

46 trumpets   

喇叭( trumpet的名词复数 )； 小号； 喇叭形物； （尤指）绽开的水仙花

参考例句：

• A wreath was laid on the monument to a fanfare of trumpets. 在响亮的号角声中花圈被献在纪念碑前。
• A fanfare of trumpets heralded the arrival of the King. 嘹亮的小号声宣告了国王驾到。

47 lamentable   

adj.令人惋惜的，悔恨的

参考例句：

• This lamentable state of affairs lasted until 1947.这一令人遗憾的事态一直持续至1947年。
• His practice of inebriation was lamentable.他的酗酒常闹得别人束手无策。

48 peal   

n.钟声；v.鸣响

参考例句：

• The bells of the cathedral rang out their loud peal.大教堂响起了响亮的钟声。
• A sudden peal of thunder leaves no time to cover the ears.迅雷不及掩耳。

49 descended   

a.为...后裔的，出身于...的

参考例句：

• A mood of melancholy descended on us. 一种悲伤的情绪袭上我们的心头。
• The path descended the hill in a series of zigzags. 小路呈连续的之字形顺着山坡蜿蜒而下。

50 hue   

n.色度；色调；样子

参考例句：

• The diamond shone with every hue under the sun.金刚石在阳光下放出五颜六色的光芒。
• The same hue will look different in different light.同一颜色在不同的光线下看起来会有所不同。