Part 5 Book 1 Chapter 12 Disorder a Partisan of Order

Bossuet muttered in Combeferre's ear:

"He did not answer my question."

"He is a man who does good by gun-shots," said Combeferre.

Those who have preserved some memory of this already distant epoch¹ know that the National Guard from the suburbs was valiant² against insurrections. It was particularly zealous³ and intrepid⁵ in the days of June, 1832. A certain good dram-shop keeper of Pantin des Vertus or la Cunette, whose "establishment" had been closed by the riots, became leonine at the sight of his deserted⁶ dance-hall, and got himself killed to preserve the order represented by a tea-garden. In that bourgeois⁷ and heroic time, in the presence of ideas which had their knights⁸, interests had their paladins. The prosiness of the originators detracted nothing from the bravery of the movement. The diminution⁹ of a pile of crowns made bankers sing the Marseillaise. They shed their blood lyrically for the counting-house; and they defended the shop, that immense diminutive¹⁰ of the fatherland, with Lacedaemonian enthusiasm.

At bottom, we will observe, there was nothing in all this that was not extremely serious. It was social elements entering into strife¹¹, while awaiting the day when they should enter into equilibrium¹².

Another sign of the times was the anarchy¹³ mingled¹⁴ with governmentalism [the barbarous name of the correct party]. People were for order in combination with lack of discipline.

The drum suddenly beat capricious calls, at the command of such or such a Colonel of the National Guard; such and such a captain went into action through inspiration; such and such National Guardsmen fought,"for an idea," and on their own account. At critical moments, on "days" they took counsel less of their leaders than of their instincts. There existed in the army of order, veritable guerilleros, some of the sword, like Fannicot, others of the pen, like Henri Fonfrede.

Civilization, unfortunately, represented at this epoch rather by an aggregation¹⁵ of interests than by a group of principles, was or thought itself, in peril¹⁶; it set up the cry of alarm; each, constituting himself a centre, defended it, succored¹⁷ it, and protected it with his own head; and the first comer took it upon himself to save society.

Zeal⁴ sometimes proceeded to extermination¹⁸. A platoon of the National Guard would constitute itself on its own authority a private council of war, and judge and execute a captured insurgent¹⁹ in five minutes. It was an improvisation²⁰ of this sort that had slain²¹ Jean Prouvaire. Fierce Lynch law, with which no one party had any right to reproach the rest, for it has been applied²² by the Republic in America, as well as by the monarchy²³ in Europe. This Lynch law was complicated with mistakes. On one day of rioting, a young poet, named Paul Aime Garnier, was pursued in the Place Royale, with a bayonet at his loins, and only escaped by taking refuge under the porte-cochere of No. 6. They shouted:--"There's another of those Saint-Simonians!" and they wanted to kill him. Now, he had under his arm a volume of the memoirs²⁴ of the Duc de Saint-Simon. A National Guard had read the words Saint-Simon on the book, and had shouted: "Death!"

On the 6th of June, 1832, a company of the National Guards from the suburbs, commanded by the Captain Fannicot, above mentioned, had itself decimated in the Rue²⁵ de la Chanvrerie out of caprice and its own good pleasure. This fact, singular though it may seem, was proved at the judicial²⁶ investigation²⁷ opened in consequence of the insurrection of 1832. Captain Fannicot, a bold and impatient bourgeois, a sort of condottiere of the order of those whom we have just characterized, a fanatical and intractable governmentalist, could not resist the temptation to fire prematurely²⁸, and the ambition of capturing the barricade²⁹ alone and unaided, that is to say, with his company. Exasperated³⁰ by the successive apparition³¹ of the red flag and the old coat which he took for the black flag, he loudly blamed the generals and chiefs of the corps³², who were holding council and did not think that the moment for the decisive assault had arrived, and who were allowing "the insurrection to fry in its own fat," to use the celebrated³³ expression of one of them. For his part, he thought the barricade ripe, and as that which is ripe ought to fall, he made the attempt.

He commanded men as resolute³⁴ as himself, "raging fellows," as a witness said. His company, the same which had shot Jean Prouvaire the poet, was the first of the battalion³⁵ posted at the angle of the street. At the moment when they were least expecting it, the captain launched his men against the barricade. This movement, executed with more good will than strategy, cost the Fannicot company dear. Before it had traversed two thirds of the street it was received by a general discharge from the barricade. Four, the most audacious, who were running on in front, were mown down point-blank at the very foot of the redoubt, and this courageous³⁶ throng³⁷ of National Guards, very brave men but lacking in military tenacity³⁸, were forced to fall back, after some hesitation³⁹, leaving fifteen corpses⁴⁰ on the pavement. This momentary⁴¹ hesitation gave the insurgents⁴² time to re-load their weapons, and a second and very destructive discharge struck the company before it could regain⁴³ the corner of the street, its shelter. A moment more, and it was caught between two fires, and it received the volley from the battery piece which, not having received the order, had not discontinued its firing.

The intrepid and imprudent Fannicot was one of the dead from this grape-shot. He was killed by the cannon⁴⁴, that is to say, by order.

This attack, which was more furious than serious, irritated Enjolras.--"The fools!" said he. "They are getting their own men killed and they are using up our ammunition⁴⁵ for nothing."

Enjolras spoke⁴⁶ like the real general of insurrection which he was. Insurrection and repression⁴⁷ do not fight with equal weapons. Insurrection, which is speedily exhausted⁴⁸, has only a certain number of shots to fire and a certain number of combatants to expend⁴⁹. An empty cartridge-box, a man killed, cannot be replaced. As repression has the army, it does not count its men, and, as it has Vincennes, it does not count its shots. Repression has as many regiments⁵⁰ as the barricade has men, and as many arsenals⁵¹ as the barricade has cartridge-boxes. Thus they are struggles of one against a hundred, which always end in crushing the barricade; unless the revolution, uprising suddenly, flings into the balance its flaming archangel's sword. This does happen sometimes. Then everything rises, the pavements begin to seethe⁵², popular redoubts abound⁵³. Paris quivers supremely⁵⁴, the quid divinum is given forth⁵⁵, a 10th of August is in the air, a 29th of July is in the air, a wonderful light appears, the yawning maw of force draws back, and the army, that lion, sees before it, erect⁵⁶ and tranquil⁵⁷, that prophet, France.

博须埃在公白飞的耳边低声说：

“他没有回答我的问题。”

“这是一个枪下留情的人。”公白飞说。

那些对遥远的事还有些记忆的人知道郊区国民自卫军在镇压起义时也相当勇敢。尤其在一八三二年六月的日子里他们顽强而无畏。庞坦、凡都斯和古内特这些小酒店的好老板，当暴动使“企业”停工时，看到舞厅没有顾客，就都成了小狮子，他们牺牲自己的性命，为的是维持郊区小酒店所代表的治安。在这同时具有市侩气息和英雄气概的时期，各种思潮都有它的骑士，利润也有它的侠客。平凡的动机并没有减少它在运动中的胆量。看到白银堆降低了，银行家就唱起《马赛曲》。为了钱柜，人们热情地流了自己的血；有人以斯巴达人的狂热来护卫小店浦棗这个极其渺小的国家的缩影。

我们可以说，事实上这一切并没有不严肃的地方，这是社会各成分间的冲突，将来有一天会达到平衡。

那个时期的另一特点是无政府主义混入了政府至上主义（这是正统派的怪名称）之中。人们在维持秩序，但毫无纪律。在某一国民自卫军上校的指挥下战鼓突然莫名其妙地擂起了集合令；某个上尉一时激动就上了火线，某个自卫军为了“主义”，为了自己去战斗。在某些危急关头，在这些“日子”里，大家不去征求上级的指示而凭自己的本能行事。在治安部队里有真正的游击队员，有些人象法尼各那样拿起武器，还有的象亨利·方弗来特那样执笔撰文。

在这个时代，文明不幸是某些利益的集合而不是某些原则的代表，它是，或自以为是处于危急之中。它发出紧急呼吁。每个人以自己为中心，并根据自己的想法起来防卫它，支援它，保卫它；随便一个什么人都自认为要负责拯救社会。

有时这种热忱发展到要处死人。国民自卫军的某个分队擅自组织了一个军事法庭，在五分钟内判决一个被俘的起义者死刑并立即执行。就是这样一个临时组织杀死了让·勃鲁维尔。残酷的林奇裁判①，没有任何一方有权去责怪对方，因为美国的共和体制就是这样行事的，犹如欧洲的君主政体一样。这种私刑加上误会就更复杂了。在某一个暴动的日子里，有一个叫保罗－埃美·加尼埃的年轻诗人在王宫广场被人持着刺刀追逐，他只得躲进六号大门洞里。有人大声喊：“又是一个圣西门主义者！”他们要杀死他。当时他臂下夹着一本圣西门公爵②的《回忆录》。有一个国民自卫军在封皮上一念到“圣西门”这个名字就大叫起来：“把他杀死！”

①林奇裁判（loi　de　Lynch），美国的一种刑法，抓到罪犯后当场判决，立即执行。

②圣西门公爵（1675-1755），著有《回忆录》，记述当时宫廷及显贵琐事。此处指人误认为他拿的是同名的空想主义者圣西门的著作。

一八三二年六月六日，有一连郊区国民自卫军，由上尉法尼各指挥，这个人前面已提到过，他出于怪癖和一时的兴致，在麻厂街造成了大量伤亡。这一事件，在一八三二年起义结束后进行的司法预审中有记载证实。法尼各上尉是一个性情急躁和冒险的小市民，在维护秩序的队伍中他是一个类似雇佣兵那样的角色，这种人我们已描绘过他们的特性，他是个狂热而无法无天的政府至上主义者，他不能抑制冲动要提前开火，并有着由他带领连队单独取下街垒的野心，他在接连看到红旗后又见到把旧衣当作黑旗，这使他怒不可遏，于是破口大骂那些在开会的将军和军团长们，因为他们认为总攻的决定性时刻尚未到来，根据他们间的一句名言，那就是“让反抗者在他们自己的肉汁中煮熟吧”。至于法尼各，他认为夺取街垒已经成熟，熟了的东西就该落地，所以他就去尝试。

他指挥着一伙和他同样坚决的人，当时的见证人称之为“一群疯子”。他那一连人，就是枪杀诗人让·勃鲁维尔的，是驻扎在那条街转角上的营中的第一连。在一个谁也很少想到的时刻，这上尉派遣他的人向街垒进攻。这种只凭愿望而无策略的行动，使法尼各这连人蒙受了巨大的伤亡。他们还没有进入到这条街三分之二的地方，就遭到街垒中发出的一次全面射击。跑在最前面的四个最胆大的士兵在离棱堡脚下很近的地方被击毙。国民自卫军这伙好汉是极为英勇的，但还缺乏军人的顽强性，他们犹豫了一下就退下来了，在街心留下了十五具尸体。正当他们犹豫的时候，起义者又有时间去重新装上子弹，第二次射击杀伤力很强，打中了这一连里还没来得及回到街角掩体里的人。有那么一会儿，他们处在两股霰弹火力的夹击中，还受到大炮的轰击，因为这门大炮没有接到停火的命令。这位英勇而不谨慎的法尼各就是被霰弹击中的人里的一个。他被炮火击毙，也就是说被接受命令派击毙。

这次凶猛而不严肃的进攻激怒了安灼拉。“这群蠢材！”他说，“他们把自己人打死，还白白浪费了我们的弹药。”

安灼拉是以暴动里一个真正的将军身分讲了这番话的。起义者和镇压者在力量悬殊的情况下作战，起义者很快就被消耗殆尽，他们只能放有限的几枪，人员的损失也是一种限制。一个弹盒空了，一个人死了，就无法补充了。镇压者却拥有整个军队，人员不成问题，拥有万塞纳兵工厂，也无须计算弹药。镇压者有街垒中人员那么多的联队，有街垒中弹盒那么多的兵工厂，所以这是以百对一的战争，街垒最后一定要被摧毁，除非革命突然爆发，在天平上加上它那天神的火红利剑。如果这种情况发生了，那时一切都会站起来，大街上开始沸腾，民众的棱堡将急剧增多，如雨后春笋一般，巴黎将为此极度震动，一个神妙的东西①出现了，一个八月十日又来到了，一个七月二十九日又来到了；出现了神奇的光辉，张着血盆大口的权威将会退却，还有军队，这只狮子，它将望着镇定自若站在它面前的预言者----法兰西。

①神妙的东西。原文为拉丁文quid　divinum。

1 epoch   

n.(新)时代；历元

参考例句：

• The epoch of revolution creates great figures.革命时代造就伟大的人物。
• We're at the end of the historical epoch,and at the dawn of another.我们正处在一个历史时代的末期，另一个历史时代的开端。

2 valiant   

adj.勇敢的，英勇的；n.勇士，勇敢的人

参考例句：

• He had the fame of being very valiant.他的勇敢是出名的。
• Despite valiant efforts by the finance minister,inflation rose to 36%.尽管财政部部长采取了一系列果决措施，通货膨胀率还是涨到了36%。

3 zealous   

adj.狂热的，热心的

参考例句：

• She made zealous efforts to clean up the classroom.她非常热心地努力清扫教室。
• She is a zealous supporter of our cause.她是我们事业的热心支持者。

4 zeal   

n.热心，热情，热忱

参考例句：

• Revolutionary zeal caught them up,and they joined the army.革命热情激励他们，于是他们从军了。
• They worked with great zeal to finish the project.他们热情高涨地工作，以期完成这个项目。

5 intrepid   

adj.无畏的，刚毅的

参考例句：

• He is not really satisfied with his intrepid action.他没有真正满意他的无畏行动。
• John's intrepid personality made him a good choice for team leader.约翰勇敢的个性适合作领导工作。

6 deserted   

adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的

参考例句：

• The deserted village was filled with a deathly silence.这个荒废的村庄死一般的寂静。
• The enemy chieftain was opposed and deserted by his followers.敌人头目众叛亲离。

7 bourgeois   

adj./n.追求物质享受的(人)；中产阶级分子

参考例句：

• He's accusing them of having a bourgeois and limited vision.他指责他们像中产阶级一样目光狭隘。
• The French Revolution was inspired by the bourgeois.法国革命受到中产阶级的鼓励。

8 knights   

骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马

参考例句：

• stories of knights and fair maidens 关于骑士和美女的故事
• He wove a fascinating tale of knights in shining armour. 他编了一个穿着明亮盔甲的骑士的迷人故事。

9 diminution   

n.减少；变小

参考例句：

• They hope for a small diminution in taxes.他们希望捐税能稍有减少。
• He experienced no diminution of his physical strength.他并未感觉体力衰落。

10 diminutive   

adj.小巧可爱的，小的

参考例句：

• Despite its diminutive size,the car is quite comfortable.尽管这辆车很小，但相当舒服。
• She has diminutive hands for an adult.作为一个成年人，她的手显得非常小。

11 strife   

n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争

参考例句：

• We do not intend to be drawn into the internal strife.我们不想卷入内乱之中。
• Money is a major cause of strife in many marriages.金钱是造成很多婚姻不和的一个主要原因。

12 equilibrium   

n.平衡，均衡，相称，均势，平静

参考例句：

• Change in the world around us disturbs our inner equilibrium.我们周围世界的变化扰乱了我们内心的平静。
• This is best expressed in the form of an equilibrium constant.这最好用平衡常数的形式来表示。

13 anarchy   

n.无政府状态；社会秩序混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• There would be anarchy if we had no police.要是没有警察，社会就会无法无天。
• The country was thrown into a state of anarchy.这国家那时一下子陷入无政府状态。

14 mingled   

混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系]

参考例句：

• The sounds of laughter and singing mingled in the evening air. 笑声和歌声交织在夜空中。
• The man and the woman mingled as everyone started to relax. 当大家开始放松的时候，这一男一女就开始交往了。

15 aggregation   

n.聚合，组合；凝聚

参考例句：

• A high polymer is a very large aggregation of units.一个高聚物是许多单元的非常大的组合。
• Moreover,aggregation influences the outcome of chemical disinfection of viruses.此外，聚集作用还会影响化学消毒的效果。

16 peril   

n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物

参考例句：

• The refugees were in peril of death from hunger.难民有饿死的危险。
• The embankment is in great peril.河堤岌岌可危。

17 succored   

v.给予帮助( succor的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• I have succored the oppressed, I have comforted the suffering. 我帮助了受压迫的人，医治了人们的痛苦。 来自互联网

18 extermination   

n.消灭，根绝

参考例句：

• All door and window is sealed for the extermination of mosquito. 为了消灭蚊子，所有的门窗都被封闭起来了。 来自辞典例句
• In doing so they were saved from extermination. 这样一来却使它们免于绝灭。 来自辞典例句

19 insurgent   

adj.叛乱的，起事的；n.叛乱分子

参考例句：

• Faruk says they are threatened both by insurgent and government forces.法鲁克说，他们受到暴乱分子和政府军队的双重威胁。
• The insurgent mob assembled at the gate of the city park.叛变的暴徒聚在市立公园的门口。

20 improvisation   

n.即席演奏(或演唱)；即兴创作

参考例句：

• a free-form jazz improvisation 自由创作的爵士乐即兴演出
• Most of their music was spontaneous improvisation. 他们的大部分音乐作品都是即兴创作的。

21 slain   

杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词)

参考例句：

• The soldiers slain in the battle were burried that night. 在那天夜晚埋葬了在战斗中牺牲了的战士。
• His boy was dead, slain by the hand of the false Amulius. 他的儿子被奸诈的阿缪利乌斯杀死了。

22 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

23 monarchy   

n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国

参考例句：

• The monarchy in England plays an important role in British culture.英格兰的君主政体在英国文化中起重要作用。
• The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real.今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的，无甚实际意义。

24 memoirs   

n.回忆录；回忆录传( mem,自oir的名词复数)

参考例句：

• Her memoirs were ghostwritten. 她的回忆录是由别人代写的。
• I watched a trailer for the screenplay of his memoirs. 我看过以他的回忆录改编成电影的预告片。 来自《简明英汉词典》

25 rue   

n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔

参考例句：

• You'll rue having failed in the examination.你会悔恨考试失败。
• You're going to rue this the longest day that you live.你要终身悔恨不尽呢。

26 judicial   

adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的

参考例句：

• He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
• Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

27 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

28 prematurely   

adv.过早地，贸然地

参考例句：

• She was born prematurely with poorly developed lungs. 她早产，肺部未发育健全。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His hair was prematurely white, but his busy eyebrows were still jet-black. 他的头发已经白了，不过两道浓眉还是乌黑乌黑的。 来自辞典例句

29 barricade   

n.路障，栅栏，障碍；vt.设路障挡住

参考例句：

• The soldiers make a barricade across the road.士兵在路上设路障。
• It is difficult to break through a steel barricade.冲破钢铁障碍很难。

30 exasperated   

adj.恼怒的

参考例句：

• We were exasperated at his ill behaviour. 我们对他的恶劣行为感到非常恼怒。
• Constant interruption of his work exasperated him. 对他工作不断的干扰使他恼怒。

31 apparition   

n.幽灵，神奇的现象

参考例句：

• He saw the apparition of his dead wife.他看见了他亡妻的幽灵。
• But the terror of this new apparition brought me to a stand.这新出现的幽灵吓得我站在那里一动也不敢动。

32 corps   

n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组

参考例句：

• The medical corps were cited for bravery in combat.医疗队由于在战场上的英勇表现而受嘉奖。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

33 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

34 resolute   

adj.坚决的，果敢的

参考例句：

• He was resolute in carrying out his plan.他坚决地实行他的计划。
• The Egyptians offered resolute resistance to the aggressors.埃及人对侵略者作出坚决的反抗。

35 battalion   

n.营；部队；大队(的人)

参考例句：

• The town was garrisoned by a battalion.该镇由一营士兵驻守。
• At the end of the drill parade,the battalion fell out.操练之后，队伍解散了。

36 courageous   

adj.勇敢的，有胆量的

参考例句：

• We all honour courageous people.我们都尊重勇敢的人。
• He was roused to action by courageous words.豪言壮语促使他奋起行动。

37 throng   

n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集

参考例句：

• A patient throng was waiting in silence.一大群耐心的人在静静地等着。
• The crowds thronged into the mall.人群涌进大厅。

38 tenacity   

n.坚韧

参考例句：

• Tenacity is the bridge to success.坚韧是通向成功的桥。
• The athletes displayed great tenacity throughout the contest.运动员在比赛中表现出坚韧的斗志。

39 hesitation   

n.犹豫，踌躇

参考例句：

• After a long hesitation, he told the truth at last.踌躇了半天，他终于直说了。
• There was a certain hesitation in her manner.她的态度有些犹豫不决。

40 corpses   

n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The living soldiers put corpses together and burned them. 活着的战士把尸体放在一起烧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Overhead, grayish-white clouds covered the sky, piling up heavily like decaying corpses. 天上罩满了灰白的薄云，同腐烂的尸体似的沉沉的盖在那里。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

41 momentary   

adj.片刻的，瞬息的；短暂的

参考例句：

• We are in momentary expectation of the arrival of you.我们无时无刻不在盼望你的到来。
• I caught a momentary glimpse of them.我瞥了他们一眼。

42 insurgents   

n.起义，暴动，造反( insurgent的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The regular troops of Baden joined the insurgents. 巴登的正规军参加到起义军方面来了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Against the Taliban and Iraqi insurgents, these problems are manageable. 要对付塔利班与伊拉克叛乱分子，这些问题还是可以把握住的。 来自互联网

43 regain   

vt.重新获得，收复，恢复

参考例句：

• He is making a bid to regain his World No.1 ranking.他正为重登世界排名第一位而努力。
• The government is desperate to regain credibility with the public.政府急于重新获取公众的信任。

44 cannon   

n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮

参考例句：

• The soldiers fired the cannon.士兵们开炮。
• The cannon thundered in the hills.大炮在山间轰鸣。

45 ammunition   

n.军火，弹药

参考例句：

• A few of the jeeps had run out of ammunition.几辆吉普车上的弹药已经用光了。
• They have expended all their ammunition.他们把弹药用光。

46 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

47 repression   

n.镇压，抑制，抑压

参考例句：

• The repression of your true feelings is harmful to your health.压抑你的真实感情有害健康。
• This touched off a new storm against violent repression.这引起了反对暴力镇压的新风暴。

48 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

49 expend   

vt.花费，消费，消耗

参考例句：

• Don't expend all your time on such a useless job.不要把时间消耗在这种无用的工作上。
• They expend all their strength in trying to climb out.他们费尽全力想爬出来。

50 regiments   

（军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物

参考例句：

• The three regiments are all under the command of you. 这三个团全归你节制。
• The town was garrisoned with two regiments. 该镇有两团士兵驻守。

51 arsenals   

n.兵工厂，军火库( arsenal的名词复数 )；任何事物的集成

参考例句：

• We possess-each of us-nuclear arsenals capable of annihilating humanity. 我们两国都拥有能够毁灭全人类的核武库。 来自辞典例句
• Arsenals are factories that produce weapons. 军工厂是生产武器的工厂。 来自互联网

52 seethe   

vi.拥挤，云集；发怒，激动，骚动

参考例句：

• Many Indians continue to seethe and some are calling for military action against their riotous neighbour.很多印度人都处于热血沸腾的状态，很多都呼吁针对印度这个恶邻采取军事行动。
• She seethed with indignation.她由于愤怒而不能平静。

53 abound   

vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于

参考例句：

• Oranges abound here all the year round.这里一年到头都有很多橙子。
• But problems abound in the management of State-owned companies.但是在国有企业的管理中仍然存在不少问题。

54 supremely   

adv.无上地，崇高地

参考例句：

• They managed it all supremely well. 这件事他们干得极其出色。
• I consider a supremely beautiful gesture. 我觉得这是非常优雅的姿态。

55 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

56 erect   

n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的

参考例句：

• She held her head erect and her back straight.她昂着头，把背挺得笔直。
• Soldiers are trained to stand erect.士兵们训练站得笔直。

57 tranquil   

adj. 安静的, 宁静的, 稳定的, 不变的

参考例句：

• The boy disturbed the tranquil surface of the pond with a stick. 那男孩用棍子打破了平静的池面。
• The tranquil beauty of the village scenery is unique. 这乡村景色的宁静是绝无仅有的。