Part 5 Book 3 Chapter 6 The Fontis

Jean Valjean found himself in the presence of a fontis.

This sort of quagmire¹ was common at that period in the subsoil of the Champs-Elysees, difficult to handle in the hydraulic³ works and a bad preservative⁴ of the subterranean⁵ constructions, on account of its excessive fluidity. This fluidity exceeds even the inconsistency of the sands of the Quartier Saint-Georges, which could only be conquered by a stone construction on a concrete foundation, and the clayey strata⁶, infected with gas, of the Quartier des Martyrs⁷, which are so liquid that the only way in which a passage was effected under the gallery des Martyrs was by means of a cast-iron pipe. When, in 1836, the old stone sewer⁸ beneath the Faubourg Saint-Honore, in which we now see Jean Valjean, was demolished⁹ for the purpose of reconstructing it, the quicksand, which forms the subsoil of the Champs-Elysees as far as the Seine, presented such an obstacle, that the operation lasted nearly six months, to the great clamor of the dwellers¹⁰ on the riverside, particularly those who had hotels and carriages. The work was more than unhealthy; it was dangerous. It is true that they had four months and a half of rain, and three floods of the Seine.

The fontis which Jean Valjean had encountered was caused by the downpour of the preceding day. The pavement, badly sustained by the subjacent sand, had given way and had produced a stoppage of the water. Infiltration¹¹ had taken place, a slip had followed. The dislocated bottom had sunk into the ooze¹². To what extent? Impossible to say. The obscurity was more dense¹³ there than elsewhere. It was a pit of mire² in a cavern¹⁴ of night.

Jean Valjean felt the pavement vanishing beneath his feet. He entered this slime. There was water on the surface, slime at the bottom. He must pass it. To retrace¹⁵ his steps was impossible. Marius was dying, and Jean Valjean exhausted¹⁶. Besides, where was he to go? Jean Valjean advanced. Moreover, the pit seemed, for the first few steps, not to be very deep. But in proportion as he advanced, his feet plunged¹⁷ deeper. Soon he had the slime up to his calves¹⁸ and water above his knees. He walked on, raising Marius in his arms, as far above the water as he could. The mire now reached to his knees, and the water to his waist. He could no longer retreat. This mud, dense enough for one man, could not, obviously, uphold two. Marius and Jean Valjean would have stood a chance of extricating¹⁹ themselves singly. Jean Valjean continued to advance, supporting the dying man, who was, perhaps, a corpse²⁰.

The water came up to his arm-pits; he felt that he was sinking; it was only with difficulty that he could move in the depth of ooze which he had now reached. The density²¹, which was his support, was also an obstacle. He still held Marius on high, and with an unheard-of expenditure²² of force, he advanced still; but he was sinking. He had only his head above the water now and his two arms holding up Marius. In the old paintings of the deluge²³ there is a mother holding her child thus.

He sank still deeper, he turned his face to the rear, to escape the water, and in order that he might be able to breathe; anyone who had seen him in that gloom would have thought that what he beheld²⁴ was a mask floating on the shadows; he caught a faint glimpse above him of the drooping²⁵ head and livid face of Marius; he made a desperate effort and launched his foot forward; his foot struck something solid; a point of support. It was high time.

He straightened himself up, and rooted himself upon that point of support with a sort of fury. This produced upon him the effect of the first step in a staircase leading back to life.

The point of support, thus encountered in the mire at the supreme²⁶ moment, was the beginning of the other water-shed of the pavement, which had bent²⁷ but had not given way, and which had curved under the water like a plank²⁸ and in a single piece. Well built pavements form a vault²⁹ and possess this sort of firmness. This fragment of the vaulting³⁰, partly submerged, but solid, was a veritable inclined plane, and, once on this plane, he was safe. Jean Valjean mounted this inclined plane and reached the other side of the quagmire.

As he emerged from the water, he came in contact with a stone and fell upon his knees. He reflected that this was but just, and he remained there for some time, with his soul absorbed in words addressed to God.

He rose to his feet, shivering, chilled, foul-smelling, bowed beneath the dying man whom he was dragging after him, all dripping with slime, and his soul filled with a strange light.

冉阿让面前是一块陷落的地。

当时这类塌陷在爱丽舍广场下面是经常发生的，这里的地下层对水利工程很不利，因为它的流动性极大，所以地下的建筑不够坚实。这种流动性的土壤较之圣乔治区的流沙还更不牢靠，流沙只在石块加混凝土筑成地基后才能加以克服；而流动性的土壤也不比殉教者区恶臭的有沼气的粘土层牢靠，这粘土稀薄到使殉教者区地下长廊的沟道只能用一条铸铁管来沟通。一八三六年，当局拆除并重建圣奥诺雷郊区下面旧的石砌沟渠，这正是冉阿让此刻所在之处，那时从爱丽舍广场直至塞纳河地下都是流沙，这一障碍使工程延长将近六个月，以致引起沿岸住户的强烈抗议，尤其是住大公馆和有马车的住户。工程不但艰巨，而且还非常危险，那时确是降了四个半月的雨，塞纳河的水位也三次升高。

冉阿让遇到的地陷是头天晚上的暴雨造成的。铺路石的下面是沙子，没有坚实的支撑，所以铺路石弯曲，形成了雨水的积聚。雨水既将铺路石浸透，于是坍塌相继而来，沟槽开裂后就陷入了泥沼。塌陷的地方究竟有多长？这无法说清。黑暗在这儿比任何地方都深厚，这是夜之洞穴中的一个泥坑。

冉阿让感到沟道在脚下陷落了，他踏进了泥浆。这里上面是水，下面是淤泥。但他还是得走过去。再转身走回头路已不可能了。现在马吕斯已濒危，冉阿让也已力竭。还有什么路可走呢？所以冉阿让仍继续前进。再说开始在洼地里走了几步，并不感到深，但越向前走，他的脚就越陷越深。不久淤泥深到腿的一半，而水则过了膝头。他一面走，一面用两臂把马吕斯尽量高举，超出水面。现在淤泥已到膝下，而水则到了腰际。他已无法再后退了，越陷越深。这淤泥的稠度可以承受一个人的重量，显然不能承受两个人的。如果马吕斯和冉阿让是单个走过去，则还有可能脱险。冉阿让仍继续往前走，举着这个垂死的人，这也可能是具尸体了。

水到了腋下，他感到自己在沉下去，他在这泥泞深处几乎无法活动。密度既支撑重量，但同时也是障碍。冉阿让一直举着马吕斯，因而就消耗大量体力向前走着，他在陷下去。现在他只剩下头部露出水面了，但两手仍高举着马吕斯。在有些洪水成灾的古代油画中，一个母亲就是这样举着她的孩子的。

他还在下沉，他仰起脸避水来保持呼吸。如果有人在这种黑暗里看见他，还以为这是个面具在暗中漂荡呢；他模糊地看见在他上面马吕斯倒垂的头和青灰色的面容；他拚命使了一下劲，把脚伸向前；他的脚触着了一个不知是什么的硬东西。

这是个支点。好险！再晚一点就不行了。

他竖起身来又弯下去，拚命在这个支点上站稳。他觉得自己好象踏上了生命阶梯上的第一级。

在污泥中危急万分时碰到的这一支点原来是沟道另一边的斜坡的开始，它弯而未断，在水下拱着，好象一整条地板，用石块砌得很好的建筑成一拱形而相当坚固。这一段沟槽，部分已陷入水中，但仍很结实，确是一个斜坡。一踏上这斜坡，人就得救了。冉阿让走上这平坦的斜坡，就走到了泥沼的另一边。

他走出水时，碰到一块石头就跪着跌倒了。他认为确应如此，他就这样待了一会儿，灵魂沉浸在向上帝祈祷的不知怎样的一种言语中。

他又站起来，颤抖着，感到僵冷，恶臭熏人，他弯腰去背这垂死的人，泥浆直淌，心里充满了奇异的光彩。

1 quagmire   

n.沼地

参考例句：

• On their way was a quagmire which was difficult to get over.路上他俩遇到了—个泥坑,很难过得去。
• Rain had turned the grass into a quagmire.大雨使草地变得一片泥泞。

2 mire   

n.泥沼，泥泞；v.使...陷于泥泞，使...陷入困境

参考例句：

• I don't want my son's good name dragged through the mire.我不想使我儿子的名誉扫地。
• He has rescued me from the mire of misery.他把我从苦海里救了出来。

3 hydraulic   

adj.水力的；水压的，液压的；水力学的

参考例句：

• The boat has no fewer than five hydraulic pumps.这艘船配有不少于5个液压泵。
• A group of apprentics were operating the hydraulic press.一群学徒正在开动水压机。

4 preservative   

n.防腐剂；防腐料；保护料；预防药

参考例句：

• New timber should be treated with a preservative.新采的圆木应进行防腐处理。
• Salt is a common food preservative.盐是一种常用的食物防腐剂。

5 subterranean   

adj.地下的，地表下的

参考例句：

• London has 9 miles of such subterranean passages.伦敦像这样的地下通道有9英里长。
• We wandered through subterranean passages.我们漫游地下通道。

6 strata   

n.地层（复数）；社会阶层

参考例句：

• The older strata gradually disintegrate.较老的岩层渐渐风化。
• They represent all social strata.他们代表各个社会阶层。

7 martyrs   

n.martyr的复数形式；烈士( martyr的名词复数 )；殉道者；殉教者；乞怜者（向人诉苦以博取同情）

参考例句：

• the early Christian martyrs 早期基督教殉道者
• They paid their respects to the revolutionary martyrs. 他们向革命烈士致哀。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

8 sewer   

n.排水沟，下水道

参考例句：

• They are tearing up the street to repair a sewer. 他们正挖开马路修下水道。
• The boy kicked a stone into the sewer. 那个男孩把一石子踢进了下水道。

9 demolished   

v.摧毁( demolish的过去式和过去分词 )；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光

参考例句：

• The factory is due to be demolished next year. 这个工厂定于明年拆除。
• They have been fighting a rearguard action for two years to stop their house being demolished. 两年来，为了不让拆除他们的房子，他们一直在进行最后的努力。

10 dwellers   

n.居民，居住者( dweller的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes. 城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They have transformed themselves into permanent city dwellers. 他们已成为永久的城市居民。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 infiltration   

n.渗透；下渗；渗滤；入渗

参考例句：

• The police tried to prevent infiltration by drug traffickers. 警方尽力阻止毒品走私分子的潜入。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A loss in volume will occur if infiltration takes place. 如果发生了渗润作用，水量就会减少。 来自辞典例句

12 ooze   

n.软泥，渗出物；vi.渗出，泄漏；vt.慢慢渗出，流露

参考例句：

• Soon layer of oceanic ooze began to accumulate above the old hard layer.不久后海洋软泥层开始在老的硬地层上堆积。
• Drip or ooze systems are common for pot watering.滴灌和渗灌系统一般也用于盆栽灌水。

13 dense   

a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的

参考例句：

• The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。

14 cavern   

n.洞穴，大山洞

参考例句：

• The cavern walls echoed his cries.大山洞的四壁回响着他的喊声。
• It suddenly began to shower,and we took refuge in the cavern.天突然下起雨来，我们在一个山洞里避雨。

15 retrace   

v.折回；追溯，探源

参考例句：

• He retraced his steps to the spot where he'd left the case.他折回到他丢下箱子的地方。
• You must retrace your steps.你必须折回原来走过的路。

16 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

17 plunged   

v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降

参考例句：

• The train derailed and plunged into the river. 火车脱轨栽进了河里。
• She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death. 她没有站稳，从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。

18 calves   

n.(calf的复数)笨拙的男子，腓；腿肚子( calf的名词复数 )；牛犊；腓；小腿肚v.生小牛( calve的第三人称单数 )；（冰川）崩解；生（小牛等），产（犊）；使（冰川）崩解

参考例句：

• a cow suckling her calves 给小牛吃奶的母牛
• The calves are grazed intensively during their first season. 小牛在生长的第一季里集中喂养。 来自《简明英汉词典》

19 extricating   

v.使摆脱困难，脱身( extricate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• First, this will not bring on disorder and, second, it will not make extricating oneself impossible. 大鸣大放，一不会乱，二不会下不得台。 来自互联网
• Idea of Multhus "Two Control" and System Conditions of Extricating from "Population Trap " 马尔萨斯“两种抑制”的观点及解脱“人口陷阱”的制度条件。 来自互联网

20 corpse   

n.尸体，死尸

参考例句：

• What she saw was just an unfeeling corpse.她见到的只是一具全无感觉的尸体。
• The corpse was preserved from decay by embalming.尸体用香料涂抹以防腐烂。

21 density   

n.密集，密度，浓度

参考例句：

• The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
• The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。

22 expenditure   

n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗

参考例句：

• The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。
• The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。

23 deluge   

n./vt.洪水，暴雨，使泛滥

参考例句：

• This little stream can become a deluge when it rains heavily.雨大的时候，这条小溪能变作洪流。
• I got caught in the deluge on the way home.我在回家的路上遇到倾盆大雨。

24 beheld   

v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟

参考例句：

• His eyes had never beheld such opulence. 他从未见过这样的财富。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The soul beheld its features in the mirror of the passing moment. 灵魂在逝去的瞬间的镜子中看到了自己的模样。 来自英汉文学 - 红字

25 drooping   

adj. 下垂的，无力的 动词droop的现在分词

参考例句：

• The drooping willows are waving gently in the morning breeze. 晨风中垂柳袅袅。
• The branches of the drooping willows were swaying lightly. 垂柳轻飘飘地摆动。

26 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

27 bent   

n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的

参考例句：

• He was fully bent upon the project.他一心扑在这项计划上。
• We bent over backward to help them.我们尽了最大努力帮助他们。

28 plank   

n.板条，木板，政策要点，政纲条目

参考例句：

• The plank was set against the wall.木板靠着墙壁。
• They intend to win the next election on the plank of developing trade.他们想以发展贸易的纲领来赢得下次选举。

29 vault   

n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室

参考例句：

• The vault of this cathedral is very high.这座天主教堂的拱顶非常高。
• The old patrician was buried in the family vault.这位老贵族埋在家族的墓地里。

30 vaulting   

n.（天花板或屋顶的）拱形结构

参考例句：

• The vaulting horse is a difficult piece of apparatus to master. 鞍马是很难掌握的器械。
• Sallie won the pole vaulting. 莎莉撑杆跳获胜。