’Twas town, yet country too; you felt the warmth
Of clustering houses in the wintry time;
Supped with a friend, and went by lantern home.
Yet from your chamber1 window you could hear
The tiny bleat2 of new-yeaned lambs, or see
The children bend beside the hedgerow banks
TREBY MAGNA, on which the Reform Bill had thrust the new honour of being a polling-place, had been, at the beginning of the century, quite a typical old market-town, lying in pleasant sleepiness among green pastures, with a rush-fringed river meandering4 through them. Its principal street had various handsome and tall-windowed brick houses with walled gardens behind them; and at the end, where it widened into the market-place, there was the cheerful rough-stuccoed front of that excellent inn, the Marquis of Granby, where the farmers put up their gigs, not only on fair and market days, but on exceptional Sundays when they came to church. And the church was one of those fine old English structures worth travelling to see, standing5 in a broad churchyard with a line of solemn yew-trees beside it, and lifting a majestic6 tower and spire7 far above the red-and-purple roofs of the town. It was not large enough to hold all the parishioners of a parish which stretched over distant villages and hamlets; but then they were never so unreasonable8 as to wish to be all in at once, and had never complained that the space of a large side-chapel9 was taken up by the tombs of the Debarrys, and shut in by a handsome iron screen. For when the black Benedictines ceased to pray and chant in this church, when the Blessed Virgin10 and St Gregory were expelled, the Debarrys, as lords of the manor11, naturally came next to Providence12 and took the place of the saints. Long before that time, indeed, there had been a Sir Maximus Debarry who had been at the fortifying13 of the old castle, which now stood in ruins in the midst of the green pastures, and with its sheltering wall towards the north made an excellent strawyard for the pigs of Wace & Co., brewers of the celebrated14 Treby beer. Wace & Co. did not stand alone in the town as prosperous traders on a large scale, to say nothing of those who had retired16 from business; and in no country town of the same small size as Treby was there a larger proportion of families who had handsome sets of china without handles, hereditary17 punchbowls, and large silver ladles with a Queen Anne’s guinea in the centre. Such people naturally took tea and supped together frequently; and as there was no professional man or tradesman in Treby who was not connected by business, if not by blood, with the farmers of the district, the richer sort of these were much invited, and gave invitations in their turn. They played at whist, ate and drank generously, praised Mr Pitt and the war as keeping up prices and religion, and were very humorous about each other’s property, having much the same coy pleasure in allusions18 to their secret ability to purchase, as blushing lasses sometimes have in jokes about their secret preferences. The rector was always of the Debarry family, associated only with county people, and was much respected for his affability; a clergyman who would have taken tea with the townspeople would have given a dangerous shock to the mind of a Treby church-man.
Such was the old-fashioned, grazing, brewing19, woolpacking, cheese-loading life of Treby Magna, until there befell new conditions, complicating20 its relating with the rest of the world, and gradually awakening21 in it that higher consciousness which is known to bring higher pains. First came the canal; next, the working of the coal-mines at Sproxton, two miles off the town; and, thirdly, the discovery of a saline spring, which suggested to a too constructive22 brain the possibility of turning Treby Magna into a fashionable watering-place. So daring an idea was not originated by a native Trebian, but by a young lawyer who came from a distance, knew the dictionary by heart, and was probably an illegitimate son of somebody or other. The idea, although it promised an increase of wealth to the town, was not well received at first; ladies objected to seeing ‘objects’ drawn23 about in hand-carriages, the doctor foresaw the advent24 of unsound practitioners25, and most retail26 tradesmen concurred27 with him that new doings were usually for the advantage of new people. The more unanswerable reasons urged that Treby had prospered28 without baths, and it was yet to be seen how it would prosper15 with them; while a report that the proposed name for them was Bethesda Spa, threatened to give the whole affair a blasphemous29 aspect. Even Sir Maximus Debarry, who was to have an unprecedented30 return for the thousands he would lay out on a pump-room and hotel, regarded the thing as a little too new, and held back for some time. But the persuasive31 powers of the young lawyer, Mr Matthew Jermyn, together with the opportune32 opening of a stone-quarry, triumphed at last; the handsome buildings were erected33, an excellent guide-book and descriptive cards, surmounted34 by vignettes, were printed, and Treby Magna became conscious of certain facts in its own history, of which it had previously35 been in contented37 ignorance.
But it was all in vain. The Spa, for some mysterious reason, did not succeed. Some attributed the failure to the coal-mines and the canal, others to the peace, which had had ruinous effects on the country, and others, who disliked Jermyn, to the original folly38 of the plan. Among these last was Sir Maximus himself, who never forgave the too persuasive attorney: it was Jermyn’s fault not only that a useless hotel had been built, but that he, Sir Maximus, being straitened for money, had at last let the building, with the adjacent land lying on the river, on a long lease, on the supposition that it was to be turned into a benevolent39 college, and had seen himself subsequently powerless to prevent its being turned into a tape manufactory — a bitter thing to any gentleman, and especially to the representative of one of the oldest families in England.
In this way it happened that Treby Magna gradually passed from being simply a respectable market-town — the heart of a great rural district, where the trade was only such as had close relations with the local landed interest — and took on the more complex life brought by mines and manufactures, which belong more directly to the great circulating system of the nation than to the local system to which they have been superadded; and in this way it was that Trebian Dissent40 gradually altered its character. Formerly41 it had been of a quiescent42, well-to-do kind, represented architecturally by a small, venerable, dark-pewed chapel, built by Presbyterians, but long occupied by a sparse43 congregation of Independents, who were as little moved by doctrinal zeal44 as their church-going neighbours, and did not feel themselves deficient45 in religious liberty, inasmuch as they were not hindered from occasionally slumbering46 in their pews, and were not obliged to go regularly to the weekly prayer-meeting. But when stone-pits and coal-pits made new hamlets that threatened to spread up to the very town, when the tape-weavers came with their news-reading inspectors47 and book-keepers, the Independent chapel began to be filled with eager men and women, to whom the exceptional possession of religious truth was the condition which reconciled them to a meagre existence, and made them feel in secure alliance with the unseen but supreme49 rule of a world in which their own visible part was small. There were Dissenters50 in Treby now who could not be regarded by the church people in the light of old neighbours to whom the habit of going to chapel was an innocent, unenviable inheritance along with a particular house and garden, a tanyard, or a grocery business — Dissenters who, in their turn, without meaning to be in the least abusive, spoke51 of the high-bred rector as a blind leader of the blind. And Dissent was not the only thing that the times had altered; prices had fallen, poor-rates had risen, rent and tithe52 were not elastic53 enough, and the farmer’s fat sorrow had become lean; he began to speculate on causes, and to trace things back to that causeless mystery, the cessation of one-pound notes. Thus, when political agitation54 swept in a great current through the country, Treby Magna was prepared to vibrate. The Catholic Emancipation55 Bill opened the eyes of neighbours, and made them aware how very injurious they were to each other and to the welfare of mankind generally. Mr Tiliot, the church spirit-merchant, knew now that Mr Nuttwood, the obliging grocer, was one of those Dissenters, Deists, Socinians, Papists and Radicals57, who were in league to destroy the constitution. A retired old London tradesman, who was believed to understand politics, said that thinking people must wish George the Third alive again in all his early vigour58 of mind; and even the farmers became less materialistic59 in their view of causes, and referred much to the agency of the devil and the Irish Romans. The rector, the Rev36. Augustus Debarry, really a fine specimen60 of the old-fashioned aristocratic clergyman, preaching short sermons, understanding business, and acting61 liberally about his tithe, had never before found himself in collision with Dissenters; but now he began to feel that these people were a nuisance in the parish, that his brother Sir Maximus must take care lest they should get land to build more chapels62, and that it might not have been a bad thing if the law had furnished him as a magistrate63 with a power of putting a stop to the political sermons of the Independent preacher, which, in their way, were as pernicious sources of intoxication64 as the beerhouses. The Dissenters, on their side, were not disposed to sacrifice the cause of truth and freedom to a temporizing65 mildness of language; but they defended themselves from the charge of religious indifference66, and solemnly disclaimed67 any lax expectations that Catholics were likely to be saved — urging, on the contrary, that they were not too hopeful about Protestants, who adhered to a bloated and worldly prelacy. Thus Treby Magna, which had lived quietly through the great earthquakes of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars, which had remained unmoved by the Rights of Man, and saw little in Mr Cobbett’s Weekly Register ‘ except that he held eccentric views about potatoes, began at last to know the higher pains of a dim political consciousness; and the development had been greatly helped by the recent agitation about the Reform Bill. Tory, Whig, and Radical56 did not perhaps become clearer in their definition of each other; but the names seemed to acquire so strong a stamp of honour or infamy68, that definitions would only have weakened the impression. As to the short and easy method of judging opinions by the personal character of those who held them, it was liable to be much frustrated69 in Treby. It so happened in that particular town that the Reformers were not all of them large-hearted patriots70 or ardent71 lovers of justice; indeed, one of them, in the very midst of the agitation, was detected in using unequal scales — a fact to which many Tories pointed72 with disgust as showing plainly enough, without further argument, that the cry for a change in the representative system was hollow trickery. Again, the Tories were far from being all oppressors, disposed to grind down the working classes into serfdom; and it was undeniable that the inspector48 at the tape manufactory, who spoke with much eloquence73 on the extension of the suffrage74, was a more tyrannical personage than open-handed Mr Wace, whose chief political tenet was, that it was all nonsense giving men votes when they had no stake in the country. On the other hand, there were some Tories who gave themselves a great deal of leisure to abuse hypocrites, Radicals, Dissenters, and atheism75 generally, but whose inflamed76 faces, theistic swearing, and frankness in expressing a wish to borrow, certainly did not mark them out strongly as holding opinions likely to save society.
The Reformers had triumphed: it was clear that the wheels were going whither they were pulling, and they were in fine spirits for exertion77. But if they were pulling towards the country’s ruin, there was the more need for others to hang on behind and get the wheels to stick if possible. In Treby, as elsewhere, people were told they must ‘rally’ at the coming election; but there was now a large number of waverers — men of flexible, practical minds, who were not such bigots as to cling to any views when a good tangible78 reason could be urged against them; while some regarded it as the most neighbourly thing to hold a little with both sides, and were not sure that they should rally or vote at all. It seemed an invidious thing to vote for one gentleman rather than another.
These social changes in Treby parish are comparatively public matters, and this history is chiefly concerned with the private lot of a few men and women; but there is no private life which has not been determined79 by a wider public life, from the time when the primeval milkmaid had to wander with the wanderings of her clan80, because the cow she milked was one of a herd81 which had made the pastures bare. Even in that conservatory82 existence where the fair Camelia is sighed for by the noble young Pineapple, neither of them needing to care about the frost or rain outside, there is a nether83 apparatus84 of hot-water pipes liable to cool down on a strike of the gardeners or a scarcity85 of coal. And the lives we are about to look back upon do not belong to those conservatory species; they are rooted in the common earth, having to endure all the ordinary chances of past and present weather. As to the weather of 1832, the Zadkiel of that time had predicted that the electrical condition of the clouds in the political hemisphere would produce unusual perturbations in organic existence, and he would perhaps have seen a fulfilment of his remarkable86 prophecy in that mutual87 influence of dissimilar destinies which we shall see gradually unfolding itself. For if the mixed political conditions of Treby Magna had not been acted on by the passing of the Reform Bill, Mr Harold Transome would not have presented himself as a candidate for North Loamshire, Treby would not have been a polling-place, Mr Matthew Jermyn would not have been on affable terms with a Dissenting88 preacher and his flock, and the venerable town would not have been placarded with handbills, more or less complimentary89 and retrospective — conditions in this case essential to the ‘where’, and the ‘what’, without which, as the learned know, there can be no event whatever.
For example, it was through these conditions that a young man named Felix Holt made a considerable difference in the life of Harold Transome, though nature and fortune seemed to have done what they could to keep the lots of the two men quite aloof90 from each other. Felix was heir to nothing better than a quack91 medicine; his mother lived up a back street in Treby Magna, and her sitting-room92 was ornamented93 with her best tea-tray and several framed testimonials to the virtues94 of Holt’s Cathartic95 Lozenges and Holt’s Restorative Elixir96. There could hardly have been a lot less like Harold Transome’s than this of the quack doctor’s son, except in the superficial facts that he called himself a Radical, that he was the only son of his mother, and that he had lately returned to his home with ideas and resolves not a little disturbing to that mother’s mind.
But Mrs Holt, unlike Mrs Transome, was much disposed to reveal her troubles, and was not without a counsellor into whose ear she could pour them. On this 2nd of September, when Mr Harold Transome had had his first interview with Jermyn, and when the attorney went back to his office with new views of canvassing97 in his mind, Mrs Holt had put on her bonnet98 as early as nine o’clock in the morning, and had gone to see the Rev. Rufus Lyon, minister of the Independent Chapel usually spoken of as ‘Malthouse Yard.’
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1
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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bleat
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| v.咩咩叫，(讲)废话，哭诉；n.咩咩叫，废话，哭诉 | |
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3
primroses
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| n.报春花( primrose的名词复数 )；淡黄色；追求享乐（招至恶果） | |
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meandering
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| 蜿蜒的河流，漫步，聊天 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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spire
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| n.(教堂)尖顶，尖塔，高点 | |
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unreasonable
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| adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的 | |
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chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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manor
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| n.庄园，领地 | |
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providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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13
fortifying
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| 筑防御工事于( fortify的现在分词 )； 筑堡于； 增强； 强化（食品） | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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prosper
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| v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣 | |
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16
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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allusions
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| 暗指，间接提到( allusion的名词复数 ) | |
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brewing
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| n. 酿造, 一次酿造的量 动词brew的现在分词形式 | |
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complicating
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| 使复杂化( complicate的现在分词 ) | |
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awakening
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| n.觉醒，醒悟 adj.觉醒中的；唤醒的 | |
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constructive
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| adj.建设的，建设性的 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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advent
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| n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临 | |
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practitioners
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| n.习艺者，实习者( practitioner的名词复数 )；从业者（尤指医师） | |
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retail
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| v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格 | |
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concurred
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| 同意（concur的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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prospered
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| 成功，兴旺( prosper的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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29
blasphemous
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| adj.亵渎神明的，不敬神的 | |
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unprecedented
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| adj.无前例的，新奇的 | |
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persuasive
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| adj.有说服力的，能说得使人相信的 | |
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opportune
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| adj.合适的，适当的 | |
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ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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benevolent
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| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
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40
dissent
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| n./v.不同意，持异议 | |
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formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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quiescent
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| adj.静止的，不活动的，寂静的 | |
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sparse
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| adj.稀疏的，稀稀落落的，薄的 | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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deficient
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| adj.不足的，不充份的，有缺陷的 | |
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slumbering
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| 微睡，睡眠（slumber的现在分词形式） | |
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inspectors
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| n.检查员( inspector的名词复数 )；（英国公共汽车或火车上的）查票员；（警察）巡官；检阅官 | |
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inspector
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| n.检查员，监察员，视察员 | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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dissenters
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| n.持异议者，持不同意见者( dissenter的名词复数 ) | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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tithe
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| n.十分之一税；v.课什一税，缴什一税 | |
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elastic
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| n.橡皮圈，松紧带；adj.有弹性的；灵活的 | |
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agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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emancipation
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| n.（从束缚、支配下）解放 | |
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radical
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| n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的 | |
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radicals
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| n.激进分子( radical的名词复数 )；根基；基本原理；[数学]根数 | |
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vigour
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| （=vigor）n.智力，体力，精力 | |
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materialistic
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| a.唯物主义的，物质享乐主义的 | |
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specimen
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| n.样本，标本 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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chapels
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| n.小教堂， （医院、监狱等的）附属礼拜堂( chapel的名词复数 )；（在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的）礼拜仪式 | |
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magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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intoxication
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| n.wild excitement;drunkenness；poisoning | |
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temporizing
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| v.敷衍( temporize的现在分词 )；拖延；顺应时势；暂时同意 | |
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indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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disclaimed
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| v.否认( disclaim的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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infamy
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| n.声名狼藉，出丑，恶行 | |
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frustrated
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| adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧 | |
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patriots
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| 爱国者，爱国主义者( patriot的名词复数 ) | |
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ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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suffrage
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| n.投票，选举权，参政权 | |
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atheism
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| n.无神论，不信神 | |
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76
inflamed
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| adj.发炎的，红肿的v.（使）变红，发怒，过热( inflame的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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exertion
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| n.尽力，努力 | |
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tangible
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| adj.有形的，可触摸的，确凿的，实际的 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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clan
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| n.氏族，部落，宗族，家族，宗派 | |
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81
herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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82
conservatory
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| n.温室，音乐学院；adj.保存性的，有保存力的 | |
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83
nether
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| adj.下部的，下面的；n.阴间；下层社会 | |
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84
apparatus
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| n.装置，器械；器具，设备 | |
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85
scarcity
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| n.缺乏，不足，萧条 | |
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86
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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dissenting
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| adj.不同意的 | |
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complimentary
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| adj.赠送的，免费的，赞美的，恭维的 | |
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aloof
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| adj.远离的；冷淡的，漠不关心的 | |
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quack
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| n.庸医；江湖医生；冒充内行的人；骗子 | |
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sitting-room
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| n.（BrE）客厅，起居室 | |
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ornamented
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| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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95
cathartic
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| adj.宣泄情绪的；n.泻剂 | |
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96
elixir
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| n.长生不老药，万能药 | |
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97
canvassing
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| v.（在政治方面）游说( canvass的现在分词 )；调查（如选举前选民的）意见；为讨论而提出（意见等）；详细检查 | |
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bonnet
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| n.无边女帽；童帽 | |
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