The author’s economy, and happy life, among the Houyhnhnms. His great improvement in virtue1 by conversing2 with them. Their conversations. The author has notice given him by his master, that he must depart from the country. He falls into a swoon for grief; but submits. He contrives4 and finishes a canoe by the help of a fellow-servant, and puts to sea at a venture.
I had settled my little economy to my own heart’s content. My master had ordered a room to be made for me, after their manner, about six yards from the house: the sides and floors of which I plastered with clay, and covered with rush-mats of my own contriving5. I had beaten hemp6, which there grows wild, and made of it a sort of ticking; this I filled with the feathers of several birds I had taken with springes made of Yahoos’ hairs, and were excellent food. I had worked two chairs with my knife, the sorrel nag7 helping8 me in the grosser and more laborious9 part. When my clothes were worn to rags, I made myself others with the skins of rabbits, and of a certain beautiful animal, about the same size, called nnuhnoh, the skin of which is covered with a fine down. Of these I also made very tolerable stockings. I soled my shoes with wood, which I cut from a tree, and fitted to the upper-leather; and when this was worn out, I supplied it with the skins of Yahoos dried in the sun. I often got honey out of hollow trees, which I mingled10 with water, or ate with my bread. No man could more verify the truth of these two maxims11, “That nature is very easily satisfied;” and, “That necessity is the mother of invention.” I enjoyed perfect health of body, and tranquillity12 of mind; I did not feel the treachery or inconstancy of a friend, nor the injuries of a secret or open enemy. I had no occasion of bribing13, flattering, or pimping, to procure14 the favour of any great man, or of his minion15; I wanted no fence against fraud or oppression: here was neither physician to destroy my body, nor lawyer to ruin my fortune; no informer to watch my words and actions, or forge accusations16 against me for hire: here were no gibers, censurers, backbiters, pickpockets17, highwaymen, housebreakers, attorneys, bawds, buffoons18, gamesters, politicians, wits, splenetics, tedious talkers, controvertists, ravishers, murderers, robbers, virtuosos19; no leaders, or followers20, of party and faction21; no encouragers to vice22, by seducement or examples; no dungeon24, axes, gibbets, whipping-posts, or pillories25; no cheating shopkeepers or mechanics; no pride, vanity, or affectation; no fops, bullies26, drunkards, strolling whores, or poxes; no ranting27, lewd28, expensive wives; no stupid, proud pedants29; no importunate30, overbearing, quarrelsome, noisy, roaring, empty, conceited31, swearing companions; no scoundrels raised from the dust upon the merit of their vices32, or nobility thrown into it on account of their virtues33; no lords, fiddlers, judges, or dancing-masters.
I had the favour of being admitted to several Houyhnhnms, who came to visit or dine with my master; where his honour graciously suffered me to wait in the room, and listen to their discourse34. Both he and his company would often descend35 to ask me questions, and receive my answers. I had also sometimes the honour of attending my master in his visits to others. I never presumed to speak, except in answer to a question; and then I did it with inward regret, because it was a loss of so much time for improving myself; but I was infinitely36 delighted with the station of an humble37 auditor38 in such conversations, where nothing passed but what was useful, expressed in the fewest and most significant words; where, as I have already said, the greatest decency39 was observed, without the least degree of ceremony; where no person spoke40 without being pleased himself, and pleasing his companions; where there was no interruption, tediousness, heat, or difference of sentiments. They have a notion, that when people are met together, a short silence does much improve conversation: this I found to be true; for during those little intermissions of talk, new ideas would arise in their minds, which very much enlivened the discourse. Their subjects are, generally on friendship and benevolence41, on order and economy; sometimes upon the visible operations of nature, or ancient traditions; upon the bounds and limits of virtue; upon the unerring rules of reason, or upon some determinations to be taken at the next great assembly: and often upon the various excellences42 of poetry. I may add, without vanity, that my presence often gave them sufficient matter for discourse, because it afforded my master an occasion of letting his friends into the history of me and my country, upon which they were all pleased to descant43, in a manner not very advantageous44 to humankind: and for that reason I shall not repeat what they said; only I may be allowed to observe, that his honour, to my great admiration45, appeared to understand the nature of Yahoos much better than myself. He went through all our vices and follies46, and discovered many, which I had never mentioned to him, by only supposing what qualities a Yahoo of their country, with a small proportion of reason, might be capable of exerting; and concluded, with too much probability, “how vile47, as well as miserable48, such a creature must be.”
I freely confess, that all the little knowledge I have of any value, was acquired by the lectures I received from my master, and from hearing the discourses49 of him and his friends; to which I should be prouder to listen, than to dictate50 to the greatest and wisest assembly in Europe. I admired the strength, comeliness51, and speed of the inhabitants; and such a constellation52 of virtues, in such amiable53 persons, produced in me the highest veneration54. At first, indeed, I did not feel that natural awe55, which the Yahoos and all other animals bear toward them; but it grew upon me by decrees, much sooner than I imagined, and was mingled with a respectful love and gratitude56, that they would condescend57 to distinguish me from the rest of my species.
When I thought of my family, my friends, my countrymen, or the human race in general, I considered them, as they really were, Yahoos in shape and disposition58, perhaps a little more civilized59, and qualified60 with the gift of speech; but making no other use of reason, than to improve and multiply those vices whereof their brethren in this country had only the share that nature allotted61 them. When I happened to behold62 the reflection of my own form in a lake or fountain, I turned away my face in horror and detestation of myself, and could better endure the sight of a common Yahoo than of my own person. By conversing with the Houyhnhnms, and looking upon them with delight, I fell to imitate their gait and gesture, which is now grown into a habit; and my friends often tell me, in a blunt way, “that I trot63 like a horse;” which, however, I take for a great compliment. Neither shall I disown, that in speaking I am apt to fall into the voice and manner of the Houyhnhnms, and hear myself ridiculed64 on that account, without the least mortification65.
In the midst of all this happiness, and when I looked upon myself to be fully66 settled for life, my master sent for me one morning a little earlier than his usual hour. I observed by his countenance67 that he was in some perplexity, and at a loss how to begin what he had to speak. After a short silence, he told me, “he did not know how I would take what he was going to say: that in the last general assembly, when the affair of the Yahoos was entered upon, the representatives had taken offence at his keeping a Yahoo (meaning myself) in his family, more like a Houyhnhnm than a brute68 animal; that he was known frequently to converse69 with me, as if he could receive some advantage or pleasure in my company; that such a practice was not agreeable to reason or nature, or a thing ever heard of before among them; the assembly did therefore exhort70 him either to employ me like the rest of my species, or command me to swim back to the place whence I came: that the first of these expedients71 was utterly72 rejected by all the Houyhnhnms who had ever seen me at his house or their own; for they alleged73, that because I had some rudiments74 of reason, added to the natural pravity of those animals, it was to be feared I might be able to seduce23 them into the woody and mountainous parts of the country, and bring them in troops by night to destroy the Houyhnhnms’ cattle, as being naturally of the ravenous75 kind, and averse76 from labour.”
My master added, “that he was daily pressed by the Houyhnhnms of the neighbourhood to have the assembly’s exhortation77 executed, which he could not put off much longer. He doubted it would be impossible for me to swim to another country; and therefore wished I would contrive3 some sort of vehicle, resembling those I had described to him, that might carry me on the sea; in which work I should have the assistance of his own servants, as well as those of his neighbours.” He concluded, “that for his own part, he could have been content to keep me in his service as long as I lived; because he found I had cured myself of some bad habits and dispositions78, by endeavouring, as far as my inferior nature was capable, to imitate the Houyhnhnms.”
I should here observe to the reader, that a decree of the general assembly in this country is expressed by the word hnhloayn, which signifies an exhortation, as near as I can render it; for they have no conception how a rational creature can be compelled, but only advised, or exhorted79; because no person can disobey reason, without giving up his claim to be a rational creature.
I was struck with the utmost grief and despair at my master’s discourse; and being unable to support the agonies I was under, I fell into a swoon at his feet. When I came to myself, he told me “that he concluded I had been dead;” for these people are subject to no such imbecilities of nature. I answered in a faint voice, “that death would have been too great a happiness; that although I could not blame the assembly’s exhortation, or the urgency of his friends; yet, in my weak and corrupt80 judgment81, I thought it might consist with reason to have been less rigorous; that I could not swim a league, and probably the nearest land to theirs might be distant above a hundred: that many materials, necessary for making a small vessel82 to carry me off, were wholly wanting in this country; which, however, I would attempt, in obedience83 and gratitude to his honour, although I concluded the thing to be impossible, and therefore looked on myself as already devoted84 to destruction; that the certain prospect85 of an unnatural86 death was the least of my evils; for, supposing I should escape with life by some strange adventure, how could I think with temper of passing my days among Yahoos, and relapsing into my old corruptions87, for want of examples to lead and keep me within the paths of virtue? that I knew too well upon what solid reasons all the determinations of the wise Houyhnhnms were founded, not to be shaken by arguments of mine, a miserable Yahoo; and therefore, after presenting him with my humble thanks for the offer of his servants’ assistance in making a vessel, and desiring a reasonable time for so difficult a work, I told him I would endeavour to preserve a wretched being; and if ever I returned to England, was not without hopes of being useful to my own species, by celebrating the praises of the renowned88 Houyhnhnms, and proposing their virtues to the imitation of mankind.”
My master, in a few words, made me a very gracious reply; allowed me the space of two months to finish my boat; and ordered the sorrel nag, my fellow-servant (for so, at this distance, I may presume to call him), to follow my instruction; because I told my master, “that his help would be sufficient, and I knew he had a tenderness for me.”
In his company, my first business was to go to that part of the coast where my rebellious89 crew had ordered me to be set on shore. I got upon a height, and looking on every side into the sea; fancied I saw a small island toward the north-east. I took out my pocket glass, and could then clearly distinguish it above five leagues off, as I computed90; but it appeared to the sorrel nag to be only a blue cloud: for as he had no conception of any country beside his own, so he could not be as expert in distinguishing remote objects at sea, as we who so much converse in that element.
After I had discovered this island, I considered no further; but resolved it should if possible, be the first place of my banishment91, leaving the consequence to fortune.
I returned home, and consulting with the sorrel nag, we went into a copse at some distance, where I with my knife, and he with a sharp flint, fastened very artificially after their manner, to a wooden handle, cut down several oak wattles, about the thickness of a walking-staff, and some larger pieces. But I shall not trouble the reader with a particular description of my own mechanics; let it suffice to say, that in six weeks time with the help of the sorrel nag, who performed the parts that required most labour, I finished a sort of Indian canoe, but much larger, covering it with the skins of Yahoos, well stitched together with hempen92 threads of my own making. My sail was likewise composed of the skins of the same animal; but I made use of the youngest I could get, the older being too tough and thick; and I likewise provided myself with four paddles. I laid in a stock of boiled flesh, of rabbits and fowls93, and took with me two vessels94, one filled with milk and the other with water.
I tried my canoe in a large pond, near my master’s house, and then corrected in it what was amiss; stopping all the chinks with Yahoos’ tallow, till I found it staunch, and able to bear me and my freight; and, when it was as complete as I could possibly make it, I had it drawn95 on a carriage very gently by Yahoos to the sea-side, under the conduct of the sorrel nag and another servant.
When all was ready, and the day came for my departure, I took leave of my master and lady and the whole family, my eyes flowing with tears, and my heart quite sunk with grief. But his honour, out of curiosity, and, perhaps, (if I may speak without vanity,) partly out of kindness, was determined96 to see me in my canoe, and got several of his neighbouring friends to accompany him. I was forced to wait above an hour for the tide; and then observing the wind very fortunately bearing toward the island to which I intended to steer97 my course, I took a second leave of my master: but as I was going to prostrate98 myself to kiss his hoof99, he did me the honour to raise it gently to my mouth. I am not ignorant how much I have been censured100 for mentioning this last particular. Detractors are pleased to think it improbable, that so illustrious a person should descend to give so great a mark of distinction to a creature so inferior as I. Neither have I forgotten how apt some travellers are to boast of extraordinary favours they have received. But, if these censurers were better acquainted with the noble and courteous101 disposition of the Houyhnhnms, they would soon change their opinion.
I paid my respects to the rest of the Houyhnhnms in his honour’s company; then getting into my canoe, I pushed off from shore.
收听单词发音 |
1
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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conversing
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| v.交谈，谈话( converse的现在分词 ) | |
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contrive
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| vt.谋划，策划；设法做到；设计，想出 | |
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contrives
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| （不顾困难地）促成某事( contrive的第三人称单数 )； 巧妙地策划，精巧地制造（如机器）； 设法做到 | |
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contriving
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| （不顾困难地）促成某事( contrive的现在分词 )； 巧妙地策划，精巧地制造（如机器）； 设法做到 | |
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hemp
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| n.大麻；纤维 | |
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nag
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| v.(对…)不停地唠叨；n.爱唠叨的人 | |
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helping
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| n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的 | |
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laborious
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| adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅 | |
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mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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maxims
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| n.格言，座右铭( maxim的名词复数 ) | |
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tranquillity
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| n. 平静, 安静 | |
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bribing
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| 贿赂 | |
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procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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minion
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| n.宠仆；宠爱之人 | |
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accusations
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| n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名 | |
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pickpockets
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| n.扒手( pickpocket的名词复数 ) | |
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buffoons
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| n.愚蠢的人( buffoon的名词复数 )；傻瓜；逗乐小丑；滑稽的人 | |
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virtuosos
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| n.艺术大师( virtuoso的名词复数 )；名家；艺术爱好者；古董收藏家 | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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faction
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| n.宗派，小集团；派别；派系斗争 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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seduce
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| vt.勾引，诱奸，诱惑，引诱 | |
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dungeon
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| n.地牢，土牢 | |
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pillories
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| n.颈手枷( pillory的名词复数 )v.使受公众嘲笑( pillory的第三人称单数 )；将…示众；给…上颈手枷；处…以枷刑 | |
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bullies
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| n.欺凌弱小者, 开球 vt.恐吓, 威胁, 欺负 | |
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ranting
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| v.夸夸其谈( rant的现在分词 )；大叫大嚷地以…说教；气愤地)大叫大嚷；不停地大声抱怨 | |
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lewd
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| adj.淫荡的 | |
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pedants
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| n.卖弄学问的人，学究，书呆子( pedant的名词复数 ) | |
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importunate
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| adj.强求的；纠缠不休的 | |
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conceited
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| adj.自负的，骄傲自满的 | |
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vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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infinitely
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| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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auditor
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| n.审计员，旁听着 | |
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decency
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| n.体面，得体，合宜，正派，庄重 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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41
benevolence
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| n.慈悲，捐助 | |
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42
excellences
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| n.卓越( excellence的名词复数 )；（只用于所修饰的名词后）杰出的；卓越的；出类拔萃的 | |
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43
descant
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| v.详论，絮说；n.高音部 | |
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44
advantageous
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| adj.有利的；有帮助的 | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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46
follies
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| 罪恶，时事讽刺剧； 愚蠢，蠢笨，愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 ) | |
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vile
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| adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的 | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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49
discourses
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| 论文( discourse的名词复数 )； 演说； 讲道； 话语 | |
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50
dictate
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| v.口授；(使)听写；指令，指示，命令 | |
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51
comeliness
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| n. 清秀, 美丽, 合宜 | |
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52
constellation
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| n.星座n.灿烂的一群 | |
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53
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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veneration
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| n.尊敬，崇拜 | |
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awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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condescend
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| v.俯就，屈尊；堕落，丢丑 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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qualified
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| adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的 | |
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allotted
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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trot
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| n.疾走，慢跑；n.老太婆；现成译本；(复数）trots:腹泻（与the 连用）；v.小跑，快步走，赶紧 | |
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64
ridiculed
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| v.嘲笑，嘲弄，奚落( ridicule的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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mortification
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| n.耻辱，屈辱 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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67
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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brute
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| n.野兽，兽性 | |
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converse
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| vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反 | |
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70
exhort
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| v.规劝，告诫 | |
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expedients
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| n.应急有效的，权宜之计的( expedient的名词复数 ) | |
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72
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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alleged
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| a.被指控的，嫌疑的 | |
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rudiments
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| n.基础知识，入门 | |
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ravenous
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| adj.极饿的，贪婪的 | |
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averse
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| adj.厌恶的；反对的，不乐意的 | |
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exhortation
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| n.劝告，规劝 | |
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dispositions
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| 安排( disposition的名词复数 )； 倾向； （财产、金钱的）处置； 气质 | |
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79
exhorted
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| v.劝告，劝说( exhort的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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80
corrupt
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| v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的 | |
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81
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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82
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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83
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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84
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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corruptions
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| n.堕落( corruption的名词复数 )；腐化；腐败；贿赂 | |
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88
renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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rebellious
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| adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的 | |
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computed
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| adj.[医]计算的，使用计算机的v.计算，估算( compute的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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banishment
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| n.放逐，驱逐 | |
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hempen
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| adj. 大麻制的, 大麻的 | |
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fowls
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| 鸟( fowl的名词复数 )； 禽肉； 既不是这； 非驴非马 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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95
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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97
steer
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| vt.驾驶，为…操舵；引导；vi.驾驶 | |
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98
prostrate
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| v.拜倒，平卧，衰竭；adj.拜倒的，平卧的，衰竭的 | |
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hoof
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| n.(马，牛等的)蹄 | |
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100
censured
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| v.指责，非难，谴责( censure的过去式 ) | |
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101
courteous
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| adj.彬彬有礼的，客气的 | |
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