The evil you teach us,
We will execute; and it shall go hard, but we will
Better the instruction.
Merchant of Venice.
The unhappy object of this remarkable1 disturbance2 had been that day delivered from the apprehension3 of public execution, and his joy was the greater, as he had some reason to question whether Government would have run the risk of unpopularity by interfering4 in his favour, after he had been legally convicted by the verdict of a jury, of a crime so very obnoxious5. Relieved from this doubtful state of mind, his heart was merry within him, and he thought, in the emphatic6 words of Scripture7 on a similar occasion, that surely the bitterness of death was past. Some of his friends, however, who had watched the manner and behaviour of the crowd when they were made acquainted with the reprieve8, were of a different opinion. They augured9, from the unusual sternness and silence with which they bore their disappointment, that the populace nourished some scheme of sudden and desperate vengeance10; and they advised Porteous to lose no time in petitioning the proper authorities, that he might be conveyed to the Castle under a sufficient guard, to remain there in security until his ultimate fate should be determined11. Habituated, however, by his office, to overawe the rabble12 of the city, Porteous could not suspect them of an attempt so audacious as to storm a strong and defensible prison; and, despising the advice by which he might have been saved, he spent the afternoon of the eventful day in giving an entertainment to some friends who visited him in jail, several of whom, by the indulgence of the Captain of the Tolbooth, with whom he had an old intimacy14, arising from their official connection, were even permitted to remain to supper with him, though contrary to the rules of the jail.
It was, therefore, in the hour of unalloyed mirth, when this unfortunate wretch15 was “full of bread,” hot with wine, and high in mistimed and ill-grounded confidence, and alas16! with all his sins full blown, when the first distant’ shouts of the rioters mingled17 with the song of merriment and intemperance18. The hurried call of the jailor to the guests, requiring them instantly to depart, and his yet more hasty intimation that a dreadful and determined mob had possessed19 themselves of the city gates and guard-house, were the first explanation of these fearful clamours.
Porteous might, however, have eluded20 the fury from which the force of authority could not protect him, had he thought of slipping on some disguise, and leaving the prison along with his guests. It is probable that the jailor might have connived21 at his escape, or even that in the hurry of this alarming contingency22, he might not have observed it. But Porteous and his friends alike wanted presence of mind to suggest or execute such a plan of escape. The former hastily fled from a place where their own safety seemed compromised, and the latter, in a state resembling stupefaction, awaited in his apartment the termination of the enterprise of the rioters. The cessation of the clang of the instruments with which they had at first attempted to force the door, gave him momentary23 relief. The flattering hopes, that the military had marched into the city, either from the Castle or from the suburbs, and that the rioters were intimidated24, and dispersing25, were soon destroyed by the broad and glaring light of the flames, which, illuminating26 through the grated window every corner of his apartment, plainly showed that the mob, determined on their fatal purpose, had adopted a means of forcing entrance equally desperate and certain.
The sudden glare of light suggested to the stupified and astonished object of popular hatred27 the possibility of concealment29 or escape. To rush to the chimney, to ascend30 it at the risk of suffocation31, were the only means which seemed to have occurred to him; but his progress was speedily stopped by one of those iron gratings, which are, for the sake of security, usually placed across the vents32 of buildings designed for imprisonment33. The bars, however, which impeded34 his farther progress, served to support him in the situation which he had gained, and he seized them with the tenacious35 grasp of one who esteemed36 himself clinging to his last hope of existence. The lurid37 light which had filled the apartment, lowered and died away; the sound of shouts was heard within the walls, and on the narrow and winding38 stair, which, eased within one of the turrets39, gave access to the upper apartments of the prison. The huzza of the rioters was answered by a shout wild and desperate as their own, the cry, namely, of the imprisoned40 felons41, who, expecting to be liberated42 in the general confusion, welcomed the mob as their deliverers. By some of these the apartment of Porteous was pointed43 out to his enemies. The obstacle of the lock and bolts was soon overcome, and from his hiding place the unfortunate man heard his enemies search every corner of the apartment, with oaths and maledictions, which would but shock the reader if we recorded them, but which served to prove, could it have admitted of doubt, the settled purpose of soul with which they sought his destruction.
A place of concealment so obvious to suspicion and scrutiny44 as that which Porteous had chosen, could not long screen him from detection. He was dragged from his lurking-place, with a violence which seemed to argue an intention to put him to death on the spot. More than one weapon was directed towards him, when one of the rioters, the same whose female disguise had been particularly noticed by Butler, interfered46 in an authoritative47 tone. “Are ye mad?” he said, “or would ye execute an act of justice as if it were a crime and a cruelty? This sacrifice will lose half its savour if we do not offer it at the very horns of the altar. We will have him die where a murderer should die, on the common gibbet — We will have him die where he spilled the blood of so many innocents!”
A loud shout of applause followed the proposal, and the cry, “To the gallows48 with the murderer! — to the Grassmarket with him!” echoed on all hands.
“Let no man hurt him,” continued the speaker; “let him make his peace with God, if he can; we will not kill both his soul and body.”
“What time did he give better folk for preparing their account?” answered several voices. “Let us mete49 to him with the same measure he measured to them.”
But the opinion of the spokesman better suited the temper of those he addressed, a temper rather stubborn than impetuous, sedate51 though ferocious52, and desirous of colouring their cruel and revengeful action with a show of justice and moderation.
For an instant this man quitted the prisoner, whom he consigned53 to a selected guard, with instructions to permit him to give his money and property to whomsoever he pleased. A person confined in the jail for debt received this last deposit from the trembling hand of the victim, who was at the same time permitted to make some other brief arrangements to meet his approaching fate. The felons, and all others who, wished to leave the jail, were now at full liberty to do so; not that their liberation made any part of the settled purpose of the rioters, but it followed as almost a necessary consequence of forcing the jail doors. With wild cries of jubilee54 they joined the mob, or disappeared among the narrow lanes to seek out the hidden receptacles of vice13 and infamy55, where they were accustomed to lurk45 and conceal28 themselves from justice.
Two persons, a man about fifty years old and a girl about eighteen, were all who continued within the fatal walls, excepting two or three debtors56, who probably saw no advantage in attempting their escape. The persons we have mentioned remained in the strong room of the prison, now deserted57 by all others. One of their late companions in misfortune called out to the man to make his escape, in the tone of an acquaintance. “Rin for it, Ratcliffe — the road’s clear.”
“It may be sae, Willie,” answered Ratcliffe, composedly, “but I have taen a fancy to leave aff trade, and set up for an honest man.”
“Stay there, and be hanged, then, for a donnard auld58 deevil!” said the other, and ran down the prison stair.
The person in female attire59 whom we have distinguished60 as one of the most active rioters, was about the same time at the ear of the young woman. “Flee, Effie, flee!” was all he had time to whisper. She turned towards him an eye of mingled fear, affection, and upbraiding61, all contending with a sort of stupified surprise. He again repeated, “Flee, Effie, flee! for the sake of all that’s good and dear to you!” Again she gazed on him, but was unable to answer. A loud noise was now heard, and the name of Madge Wildfire was repeatedly called from the bottom of the staircase.
“I am coming — I am coming,” said the person who answered to that appellative; and then reiterating62 hastily, “For God’s sake — for your own sake — for my sake, flee, or they’ll take your life!” he left the strong room.
The girl gazed after him for a moment, and then, faintly muttering, “Better tyne life, since tint63 is gude fame,” she sunk her head upon her hand, and remained, seemingly, unconscious as a statue of the noise and tumult64 which passed around her.
That tumult was now transferred from the inside to the outside of the Tolbooth. The mob had brought their destined65 victim forth66, and were about to conduct him to the common place of execution, which they had fixed67 as the scene of his death. The leader, whom they distinguished by the name of Madge Wildfire, had been summoned to assist at the procession by the impatient shouts of his confederates.
“I will insure you five hundred pounds,” said the unhappy man, grasping Wildfire’s hand — “five hundred pounds for to save my life.”
The other answered in the same undertone, and returning his grasp with one equally convulsive, “Five hundredweight of coined gold should not save you. — Remember Wilson!”
A deep pause of a minute ensued, when Wildfire added, in a more composed tone, “Make your peace with Heaven. — Where is the clergyman?”
Butler, who in great terror and anxiety, had been detained within a few yards of the Tolbooth door, to wait the event of the search after Porteous, was now brought forward, and commanded to walk by the prisoner’s side, and to prepare him for immediate68 death. His answer was a supplication69 that the rioters would consider what they did. “You are neither judges nor jury,” said he. “You cannot have, by the laws of God or man, power to take away the life of a human creature, however deserving he may be of death. If it is murder even in a lawful70 magistrate71 to execute an offender72 otherwise than in the place, time, and manner which the judges’ sentence prescribes, what must it be in you, who have no warrant for interference but your own wills? In the name of Him who is all mercy, show mercy to this unhappy man, and do not dip your hands in his blood, nor rush into the very crime which you are desirous of avenging73!”
“Cut your sermon short — you are not in your pulpit,” answered one of the rioters.
“If we hear more of your clavers,” said another, “we are like to hang you up beside him.”
“Peace — hush74!” said Wildfire. “Do the good man no harm — he discharges his conscience, and I like him the better.”
He then addressed Butler. “Now, sir, we have patiently heard you, and we just wish you to understand, in the way of answer, that you may as well argue to the ashlar-work and iron stanchels of the Tolbooth as think to change our purpose — Blood must have blood. We have sworn to each other by the deepest oaths ever were pledged, that Porteous shall die the death he deserves so richly; therefore, speak no more to us, but prepare him for death as well as the briefness of his change will permit.”
They had suffered the unfortunate Porteous to put on his night-gown and slippers76, as he had thrown off his coat and shoes, in order to facilitate his attempted escape up the chimney. In this garb77 he was now mounted on the hands of two of the rioters, clasped together, so as to form what is called in Scotland, “The King’s Cushion.” Butler was placed close to his side, and repeatedly urged to perform a duty always the most painful which can be imposed on a clergyman deserving of the name, and now rendered more so by the peculiar78 and horrid79 circumstances of the criminal’s case. Porteous at first uttered some supplications for mercy, but when he found that there was no chance that these would be attended to, his military education, and the natural stubbornness of his disposition80, combined to support his spirits.
“Are you prepared for this dreadful end?” said Butler, in a faltering81 voice. “O turn to Him, in whose eyes time and space have no existence, and to whom a few minutes are as a lifetime, and a lifetime as a minute.”
“I believe I know what you would say,” answered Porteous sullenly82. “I was bred a soldier; if they will murder me without time, let my sins as well as my blood lie at their door.”
“Who was it,” said the stern voice of Wildfire, “that said to Wilson at this very spot, when he could not pray, owing to the galling83 agony of his fetters84, that his pains would soon be over? — I say to you to take your own tale home; and if you cannot profit by the good man’s lessons, blame not them that are still more merciful to you than you were to others.”
The Porteous Mob
The procession now moved forward with a slow and determined pace. It was enlightened by many blazing, links and torches; for the actors of this work were so far from affecting any secrecy85 on the occasion, that they seemed even to court observation. Their principal leaders kept close to the person of the prisoner, whose pallid86 yet stubborn features were seen distinctly by the torch-light, as his person was raised considerably87 above the concourse which thronged88 around him. Those who bore swords, muskets89, and battle-axes, marched on each side, as if forming a regular guard to the procession. The windows, as they went along, were filled with the inhabitants, whose slumbers90 had been broken by this unusual disturbance. Some of the spectators muttered accents of encouragement; but in general they were so much appalled91 by a sight so strange and audacious, that they looked on with a sort of stupified astonishment92. No one offered, by act or word, the slightest interruption.
The rioters, on their part, continued to act with the same air of deliberate confidence and security which had marked all their proceedings93. When the object of their resentment94 dropped one of his slippers, they stopped, sought for it, and replaced it upon his foot with great deliberation.1
As they descended95 the Bow towards the fatal spot where they designed to complete their purpose, it was suggested that there should be a rope kept in readiness. For this purpose the booth of a man who dealt in cordage was forced open, a coil of rope fit for their purpose was selected to serve as a halter, and the dealer96 next morning found that a guinea had been left on his counter in exchange; so anxious were the perpetrators of this daring action to show that they meditated97 not the slightest wrong or infraction98 of law, excepting so far as Porteous was himself concerned.
Leading, or carrying along with them, in this determined and regular manner, the object of their vengeance, they at length reached the place of common execution, the scene of his crime, and destined spot of his sufferings. Several of the rioters (if they should not rather be described as conspirators) endeavoured to remove the stone which filled up the socket99 in which the end of the fatal tree was sunk when it was erected100 for its fatal purpose; others sought for the means of constructing a temporary gibbet, the place in which the gallows itself was deposited being reported too secure to be forced, without much loss of time. Butler endeavoured to avail himself of the delay afforded by these circumstances, to turn the people from their desperate design. “For God’s sake,” he exclaimed, “remember it is the image of your Creator which you are about to deface in the person of this unfortunate man! Wretched as he is, and wicked as he may be, he has a share in every promise of Scripture, and you cannot destroy him in impenitence101 without blotting102 his name from the Book of Life — Do not destroy soul and body; give time for preparation.”
“What time had they,” returned a stern voice, “whom he murdered on this very spot? — The laws both of God and man call for his death.”
“But what, my friends,” insisted Butler, with a generous disregard to his own safety —“what hath constituted you his judges?”
“We are not his judges,” replied the same person; “he has been already judged and condemned103 by lawful authority. We are those whom Heaven, and our righteous anger, have stirred up to execute judgment104, when a corrupt105 Government would have protected a murderer.”
“I am none,” said the unfortunate Porteous; “that which you charge upon me fell out in self-defence, in the lawful exercise of my duty.”
“Away with him — away with him!” was the general cry.
“Why do you trifle away time in making a gallows? — that dyester’s pole is good enough for the homicide.”
The unhappy man was forced to his fate with remorseless rapidity. Butler, separated from him by the press, escaped the last horrors of his struggles. Unnoticed by those who had hitherto detained him as a prisoner — he fled from the fatal spot, without much caring in what direction his course lay. A loud shout proclaimed the stern delight with which the agents of this deed regarded its completion. Butler, then, at the opening into the low street called the Cowgate, cast back a terrified glance, and, by the red and dusky light of the torches, he could discern a figure wavering and struggling as it hung suspended above the heads of the multitude, and could even observe men striking at it with their Lochaber-axes and partisans106. The sight was of a nature to double his horror, and to add wings to his flight.
The street down which the fugitive107 ran opens to one of the eastern ports or gates of the city. Butler did not stop till he reached it, but found it still shut. He waited nearly an hour, walking up and down in inexpressible perturbation of mind. At length he ventured to call out, and rouse the attention of the terrified keepers of the gate, who now found themselves at liberty to resume their office without interruption. Butler requested them to open the gate. They hesitated. He told them his name and occupation.
“He is a preacher,” said one; “I have heard him preach in Haddo’s-hole.”
“A fine preaching has he been at the night,” said another “but maybe least said is sunest mended.”
Opening then the wicket of the main gate, the keepers suffered Butler to depart, who hastened to carry his horror and fear beyond the walls of Edinburgh. His first purpose was instantly to take the road homeward; but other fears and cares, connected with the news he had learned in that remarkable day, induced him to linger in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh until daybreak. More than one group of persons passed him as he was whiling away the hours of darkness that yet remained, whom, from the stifled108 tones of their discourse109, the unwonted hour when they travelled, and the hasty pace at which they walked, he conjectured110 to have been engaged in the late fatal transaction.
Certain it was, that the sudden and total dispersion of the rioters, when their vindictive111 purpose was accomplished112, seemed not the least remarkable feature of this singular affair. In general, whatever may be the impelling113 motive114 by which a mob is at first raised, the attainment115 of their object has usually been only found to lead the way to farther excesses. But not so in the present case. They seemed completely satiated with the vengeance they had prosecuted116 with such stanch75 and sagacious activity. When they were fully117 satisfied that life had abandoned their victim, they dispersed118 in every direction, throwing down the weapons which they had only assumed to enable them to carry through their purpose. At daybreak there remained not the least token of the events of the night, excepting the corpse119 of Porteous, which still hung suspended in the place where he had suffered, and the arms of various kinds which the rioters had taken from the city guard-house, which were found scattered120 about the streets as they had thrown them from their hands when the purpose for which they had seized them was accomplished.
The ordinary magistrates121 of the city resumed their power, not without trembling at the late experience of the fragility of its tenure122. To march troops into the city, and commence a severe inquiry123 into the transactions of the preceding night, were the first marks of returning energy which they displayed. But these events had been conducted on so secure and well-calculated a plan of safety and secrecy, that there was little or nothing learned to throw light upon the authors or principal actors in a scheme so audacious. An express was despatched to London with the tidings, where they excited great indignation and surprise in the council of regency, and particularly in the bosom124 of Queen Caroline, who considered her own authority as exposed to contempt by the success of this singular conspiracy125. Nothing was spoke50 of for some time save the measure of vengeance which should be taken, not only on the actors of this tragedy, so soon as they should be discovered, but upon the magistrates who had suffered it to take place, and upon the city which had been the scene where it was exhibited. On this occasion, it is still recorded in popular tradition, that her Majesty126, in the height of her displeasure, told the celebrated127 John Duke of Argyle, that, sooner than submit to such an insult, she would make Scotland a hunting-field. “In that case, Madam,” answered that high-spirited nobleman, with a profound bow, “I will take leave of your Majesty, and go down to my own country to get my hounds ready.”
The import of the reply had more than met the ear; and as most of the Scottish nobility and gentry128 seemed actuated by the same national spirit, the royal displeasure was necessarily checked in mid-volley, and milder courses were recommended and adopted, to some of which we may hereafter have occasion to advert129.
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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disturbance
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| n.动乱，骚动；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调 | |
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apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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interfering
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| adj. 妨碍的 动词interfere的现在分词 | |
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obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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emphatic
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| adj.强调的，着重的；无可置疑的，明显的 | |
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scripture
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| n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段 | |
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reprieve
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| n.暂缓执行（死刑）；v.缓期执行；给…带来缓解 | |
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augured
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| v.预示，预兆，预言( augur的过去式和过去分词 )；成为预兆；占卜 | |
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vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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rabble
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| n.乌合之众，暴民；下等人 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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intimacy
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wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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intemperance
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possessed
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eluded
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| v.（尤指机敏地）避开( elude的过去式和过去分词 )；逃避；躲避；使达不到 | |
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connived
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| v.密谋 ( connive的过去式和过去分词 )；搞阴谋；默许；纵容 | |
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contingency
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momentary
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intimidated
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dispersing
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illuminating
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hatred
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conceal
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concealment
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ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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suffocation
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vents
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| （气体、液体等进出的）孔、口( vent的名词复数 )； （鸟、鱼、爬行动物或小哺乳动物的）肛门； 大衣等的)衩口； 开衩 | |
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imprisonment
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impeded
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| 阻碍，妨碍，阻止( impede的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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tenacious
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esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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lurid
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| adj.可怕的；血红的；苍白的 | |
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winding
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turrets
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| （六角）转台( turret的名词复数 )； （战舰和坦克等上的）转动炮塔； （摄影机等上的）镜头转台； （旧时攻城用的）塔车 | |
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imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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felons
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| n.重罪犯( felon的名词复数 )；瘭疽；甲沟炎；指头脓炎 | |
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liberated
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| a.无拘束的，放纵的 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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scrutiny
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| n.详细检查，仔细观察 | |
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lurk
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| n.潜伏，潜行；v.潜藏，潜伏，埋伏 | |
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interfered
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| v.干预( interfere的过去式和过去分词 )；调停；妨碍；干涉 | |
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authoritative
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| adj.有权威的，可相信的；命令式的；官方的 | |
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48
gallows
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| n.绞刑架，绞台 | |
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49
mete
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| v.分配；给予 | |
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50
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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51
sedate
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| adj.沉着的，镇静的，安静的 | |
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52
ferocious
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| adj.凶猛的，残暴的，极度的，十分强烈的 | |
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53
consigned
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| v.把…置于（令人不快的境地）( consign的过去式和过去分词 )；把…托付给；把…托人代售；丟弃 | |
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54
jubilee
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| n.周年纪念；欢乐 | |
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55
infamy
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| n.声名狼藉，出丑，恶行 | |
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56
debtors
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| n.债务人，借方( debtor的名词复数 ) | |
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57
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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58
auld
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| adj.老的，旧的 | |
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59
attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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60
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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61
upbraiding
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| adj.& n.谴责（的）v.责备，申斥，谴责( upbraid的现在分词 ) | |
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62
reiterating
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| 反复地说，重申( reiterate的现在分词 ) | |
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63
tint
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| n.淡色，浅色；染发剂；vt.着以淡淡的颜色 | |
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64
tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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65
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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66
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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67
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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68
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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69
supplication
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| n.恳求，祈愿，哀求 | |
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70
lawful
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| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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71
magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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72
offender
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| n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者 | |
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73
avenging
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| adj.报仇的，复仇的v.为…复仇，报…之仇( avenge的现在分词 )；为…报复 | |
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74
hush
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| int.嘘，别出声；n.沉默，静寂；v.使安静 | |
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75
stanch
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| v.止住（血等）；adj.坚固的；坚定的 | |
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76
slippers
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| n. 拖鞋 | |
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77
garb
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| n.服装，装束 | |
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78
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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79
horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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80
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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81
faltering
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| 犹豫的，支吾的，蹒跚的 | |
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82
sullenly
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| 不高兴地，绷着脸，忧郁地 | |
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83
galling
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| adj.难堪的,使烦恼的,使焦躁的 | |
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84
fetters
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| n.脚镣( fetter的名词复数 )；束缚v.给…上脚镣，束缚( fetter的第三人称单数 ) | |
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85
secrecy
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| n.秘密，保密，隐蔽 | |
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86
pallid
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| adj.苍白的，呆板的 | |
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87
considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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88
thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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89
muskets
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| n.火枪，（尤指）滑膛枪( musket的名词复数 ) | |
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90
slumbers
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| 睡眠，安眠( slumber的名词复数 ) | |
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91
appalled
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| v.使惊骇，使充满恐惧( appall的过去式和过去分词)adj.惊骇的；丧胆的 | |
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92
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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93
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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94
resentment
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| n.怨愤，忿恨 | |
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95
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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96
dealer
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| n.商人，贩子 | |
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97
meditated
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| 深思，沉思，冥想( meditate的过去式和过去分词 )； 内心策划，考虑 | |
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98
infraction
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| n.违反；违法 | |
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99
socket
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| n.窝，穴，孔，插座，插口 | |
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100
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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101
impenitence
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| n.不知悔改，顽固 | |
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102
blotting
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| 吸墨水纸 | |
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103
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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104
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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105
corrupt
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| v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的 | |
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106
partisans
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| 游击队员( partisan的名词复数 )； 党人； 党羽； 帮伙 | |
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107
fugitive
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| adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者 | |
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108
stifled
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| （使）窒息， （使）窒闷( stifle的过去式和过去分词 )； 镇压，遏制； 堵 | |
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109
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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110
conjectured
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| 推测，猜测，猜想( conjecture的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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111
vindictive
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| adj.有报仇心的，怀恨的，惩罚的 | |
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112
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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113
impelling
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| adj.迫使性的，强有力的v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的现在分词 ) | |
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114
motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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115
attainment
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| n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣 | |
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116
prosecuted
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| a.被起诉的 | |
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117
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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118
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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119
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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120
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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121
magistrates
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| 地方法官，治安官( magistrate的名词复数 ) | |
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122
tenure
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| n.终身职位；任期；(土地)保有权，保有期 | |
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123
inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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124
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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125
conspiracy
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| n.阴谋，密谋，共谋 | |
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126
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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127
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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128
gentry
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| n.绅士阶级，上层阶级 | |
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129
advert
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| vi.注意，留意，言及；n.广告 | |
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