B.C. 409. Next year13 . . . the Athenians fortified1 Thoricus; and Thrasylus, taking the vessels2 lately voted him and five thousand of his seamen3 armed to serve as peltasts,14 set sail for Samos at the beginning of summer. At Samos he stayed three days, and then continued his voyage to Pygela, where he proceeded to ravage4 the territory and attack the fortress5. Presently a detachment from Miletus came to the rescue of the men of Pygela, and attacking the scattered6 bands of the Athenian light troops, put them to flight. But to the aid of the light troops came the naval7 brigade of peltasts, with two companies of heavy infantry8, and all but annihilated9 the whole detachment from Miletus. They captured about two hundred shields, and set up a trophy10. Next day they sailed to Notium, and from Notium, after due preparation, marched upon Colophon. The Colophonians capitulated without a blow. The following night they made an incursion into Lydia, where the corn crops were ripe, and burnt several villages, and captured money, slaves, and other booty in large quantity. But Stages, the Persian, who was employed in this neighbourhood, fell in with a reinforcement of cavalry11 sent to protect the scattered pillaging12 parties from the Athenian camp, whilst occupied with their individual plunder13, and took one trooper prisoner, killing14 seven others. After this Thrasylus led his troops back to the sea, intending to sail to Ephesus. Meanwhile Tissaphernes, who had wind of this intention, began collecting a large army and despatching cavalry with a summons to the inhabitants one and all to rally to the defence of the goddess Artemis at Ephesus.
On the seventeenth day after the incursion above mentioned Thrasylus sailed to Ephesus. He disembarked his troops in two divisions, his heavy infantry in the neighbourhood of Mount Coressus; his cavalry, peltasts, and marines, with the remainder of his force, near the marsh15 on the other side of the city. At daybreak he pushed forward both divisions. The citizens of Ephesus, on their side, were not slow to protect themselves. They had to aid them the troops brought up by Tissaphernes, as well as two detachments of Syracusans, consisting of the crews of their former twenty vessels and those of five new vessels which had opportunely16 arrived quite recently under Eucles, the son of Hippon, and Heracleides, the son of Aristogenes, together with two Selinuntian vessels. All these several forces first attacked the heavy infantry near Coressus; these they routed, killing about one hundred of them, and driving the remainder down into the sea. They then turned to deal with the second division on the marsh. Here, too, the Athenians were put to flight, and as many as three hundred of them perished. On this spot the Ephesians erected17 a trophy, and another at Coressus. The valour of the Syracusans and Selinuntians had been so conspicuous18 that the citizens presented many of them, both publicly and privately19, with prizes for distinction in the field, besides offering the right of residence in their city with certain immunities20 to all who at any time might wish to live there. To the Selinuntians, indeed, as their own city had lately been destroyed, they offered full citizenship21.
The Athenians, after picking up their dead under a truce22, set sail for Notium, and having there buried the slain23, continued their vogage towards Lesbos and the Hellespont. Whilst lying at anchor in the harbour of Methymna, in that island, they caught sight of the Syracusan vessels, five-and-twenty in number, coasting along from Ephesus. They put out to sea to attack them, and captured four ships with their crews, and chased the remainder back to Ephesus. The prisoners were sent by Thrasylus to Athens, with one exception. This was an Athenian, Alcibiades, who was a cousin and fellow-exile of Alcibiades. Him Thrasylus released.15 From Methymna Thrasylus set sail to Sestos to join the main body of the army, after which the united forces crossed to Lampsacus. And now winter was approaching. It was the winter in which the Syracusan prisoners who had been immured24 in the stone quarries25 of Piraeus dug through the rock and escaped one night, some to Decelia and others to Megara. At Lampsacus Alcibiades was anxious to marshal the whole military force there collected in one body, but the old troops refused to be incorporated with those of Thrasylus. “They, who had never yet been beaten, with these newcomers who had just suffered a defeat.” So they devoted26 the winter to fortifying27 Lampsacus. They also made an expedition against Abydos, where Pharnabazus, coming to the rescue of the place, encountered them with numerous cavalry, but was defeated and forced to flee, Alcibiades pursuing hard with his cavalry and one hundred and twenty infantry under the command of Menander, till darkness intervened. After this battle the soldiers came together of their own accord, and freely fraternised with the troops of Thrasylus. This expedition was followed by other incursions during the winter into the interior, where they found plenty to do ravaging28 the king’s territory.
It was at this period also that the Lacedaemonians allowed their revolted helots from Malea, who had found an asylum29 at Coryphasium, to depart under a flag of truce. It was also about the same period that the Achaeans betrayed the colonists30 of Heracleia Trachinia, when they were all drawn31 up in battle to meet the hostile Oetaeans, whereby as many as seven hundred of them were lost, together with the governor16 from Lacedaemon, Labotas. Thus the year came to its close — a year marked further by a revolt of the Medes from Darius, the king of Persia, followed by renewed submission32 to his authority.
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fortified
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| adj. 加强的 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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seamen
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| n.海员 | |
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ravage
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| vt.使...荒废，破坏...；n.破坏，掠夺，荒废 | |
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fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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annihilated
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| v.（彻底）消灭( annihilate的过去式和过去分词 )；使无效；废止；彻底击溃 | |
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trophy
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| n.优胜旗，奖品，奖杯，战胜品，纪念品 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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pillaging
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| v.抢劫，掠夺( pillage的现在分词 ) | |
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plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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marsh
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| n.沼泽，湿地 | |
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opportunely
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| adv.恰好地，适时地 | |
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ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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privately
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| adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地 | |
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immunities
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| 免除，豁免( immunity的名词复数 )； 免疫力 | |
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citizenship
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| n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份) | |
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truce
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| n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束 | |
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slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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immured
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| v.禁闭，监禁( immure的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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quarries
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| n.（采）石场( quarry的名词复数 )；猎物（指鸟，兽等）；方形石；（格窗等的）方形玻璃v.从采石场采得( quarry的第三人称单数 )；从（书本等中）努力发掘（资料等）；在采石场采石 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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fortifying
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| 筑防御工事于( fortify的现在分词 )； 筑堡于； 增强； 强化（食品） | |
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ravaging
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| 毁坏( ravage的现在分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫 | |
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asylum
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| n.避难所，庇护所，避难 | |
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colonists
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| n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 ) | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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