B.C. 407. Pharnabazus and the ambassadors were passing the winter at Gordium in Phrygia, when they heard of the occurrences at Byzantium. Continuing their journey to the king’s court in the commencement of spring, they were met by a former embassy, which was now on its return journey. These were the Lacedaemonian ambassadors, Boeotius and his party, with the other envoys1; who told them that the Lacedaemonians had obtained from the king all they wanted. One of the company was Cyrus, the new governor of all the seaboard districts, who was prepared to co-operate with the Lacedaemonians in war. He was the bearer, moreover, of a letter with the royal seal attached. It was addressed to all the populations of Lower Asia, and contained the following words: “I send down Cyrus as ‘Karanos’"22 — that is to say, supreme2 lord —“over all those who muster3 at Castolus.” The ambassadors of the Athenians, even while listening to this announcement, and indeed after they had seen Cyrus, were still desirous, if possible, to continue their journey to the king, or, failing that, to return home. Cyrus, however, urged upon Pharnabazus either to deliver them up to himself, or to defer4 sending them home at present; his object being to prevent the Athenians learning what was going on. Pharnabazus, wishing to escape all blame, for the time being detained them, telling them, at one time, that he would presently escort them up country to the king, and at another time that he would send them safe home. But when three years had elapsed, he prayed Cyrus to let them go, declaring that he had taken an oath to bring them back to the sea, in default of escorting them up to the king. Then at last they received safe conduct to Ariobarzanes, with orders for their further transportation. The latter conducted them a stage further, to Cius in Mysia; and from Cius they set sail to join their main armament.
Alcibiades, whose chief desire was to return home to Athens with the troops, immediately set sail for Samos; and from that island, taking twenty of the ships, he sailed to the Ceramic5 Gulf6 of Caria, where he collected a hundred talents, and so returned to Samos.
Thrasybulus had gone Thrace-wards with thirty ships. In this quarter he reduced various places which had revolted to Lacedaemon, including the island of Thasos, which was in a bad plight7, the result of wars, revolutions, and famine.
Thrasylus, with the rest of the army, sailed back straight to Athens. On his arrival he found that the Athenians had already chosen as their general Alcibiades, who was still in exile, and Thrasybulus, who was also absent, and as a third, from among those at home, Conon.
Meanwhile Alcibiades, with the moneys lately collected and his fleet of twenty ships, left Samos and visited Paros. From Paros he stood out to sea across to Gytheum,23 to keep an eye on the thirty ships of war which, as he was informed, the Lacedaemonians were equipping in that arsenal8. Gytheum would also be a favourable9 point of observation from which to gauge10 the disposition11 of his fellow-countrymen and the prospects12 of his recall. When at length their good disposition seemed to him established, not only by his election as general, but by the messages of invitation which he received in private from his friends, he sailed home, and entered Piraeus on the very day of the festival of the Plunteria,24 when the statue of Athena is veiled and screened from public gaze. This was a coincidence, as some thought, of evil omen13, and unpropitious alike to himself and the State, for no Athenian would transact14 serious business on such a day.
As he sailed into the harbour, two great crowds — one from the Piraeus, the other from the city25 — flocked to meet the vessels15. Wonderment, mixed with a desire to see Alcibiades, was the prevailing16 sentiment of the multitude. Of him they spoke17: some asserting that he was the best of citizens, and that in his sole instance banishment18 had been ill-deserved. He had been the victim of plots, hatched in the brains of people less able than himself, however much they might excel in pestilent speech; men whose one principle of statecraft was to look to their private gains; whereas this man’s policy had ever been to uphold the common weal, as much by his private means as by all the power of the State. His own choice, eight years ago, when the charge of impiety19 in the matter of the mysteries was still fresh, would have been to submit to trial at once. It was his personal foes20, who had succeeded in postponing21 that undeniably just procedure; who waited till his back was turned, and then robbed him of his fatherland. Then it was that, being made the very slave of circumstance, he was driven to court the men he hated most; and at a time when his own life was in daily peril22, he must see his dearest friends and fellow-citizens, nay23, the very State itself, bent24 on a suicidal course, and yet, in the exclusion25 of exile, be unable to lend a helping26 hand. “It is not men of this stamp,” they averred27, “who desire changes in affairs and revolution: had he not already guaranteed to him by the Democracy a position higher than that of his equals in age, and scarcely if at all inferior to his seniors? How different was the position of his enemies. It had been the fortune of these, though they were known to be the same men they had always been, to use their lately acquired power for the destruction in the first instance of the better classes; and then, being alone left surviving, to be accepted by their fellow-citizens in the absence of better men.”
Others, however, insisted that for all their past miseries28 and misfortunes Alcibiades alone was responsible: “If more trials were still in store for the State, here was the master mischief-maker ready at his post to precipitate29 them.”
When the vessels came to their moorings, close to the land, Alcibiades, from fear of his enemies, was unwilling30 to disembark at once. Mounting on the quarterdeck, he scanned the multitude,26 anxious to make certain of the presence of his friends. Presently his eyes lit upon Euryptolemus, the son of Peisianax, who was his cousin, and then on the rest of his relations and other friends. Upon this he landed, and so, in the midst of an escort ready to put down any attempt upon his person, made his way to the city.
In the Senate and Public Assembly27 he made speeches, defending himself against the charge of impiety, and asserting that he had been the victim of injustice31, with other like topics, which in the present temper of the assembly no one ventured to gainsay32.
He was then formally declared leader and chief of the State, with irresponsible powers, as being the sole individual capable of recovering the ancient power and prestige of Athens. Armed with this authority, his first act was to institute anew the processional march to Eleusis; for of late years, owing to the war, the Athenians had been forced to conduct the mysteries by sea. Now, at the head of the troops, he caused them to be conducted once again by land. This done, his next step was to muster an armament of one thousand five hundred heavy infantry33, one hundred and fifty cavalry34, and one hundred ships; and lastly, within three months of his return, he set sail for Andros, which had revolted from Athens.
The generals chosen to co-operate with him on land were Aristocrates and Adeimantus, the son of Leucophilides. He disembarked his troops on the island of Andros at Gaurium, and routed the Andrian citizens who sallied out from the town to resist the invader35; forcing them to return and keep close within their walls, though the number who fell was not large. This defeat was shared by some Lacedaemonians who were in the place. Alcibiades erected36 a trophy37, and after a few days set sail himself for Samos, which became his base of operations in the future conduct of the war.
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envoys
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| 使节( envoy的名词复数 )； 公使； 谈判代表； 使节身份 | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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muster
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| v.集合，收集，鼓起，激起；n.集合，检阅，集合人员，点名册 | |
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defer
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| vt.推迟，拖延；vi.(to)遵从，听从，服从 | |
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ceramic
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| n.制陶业，陶器，陶瓷工艺 | |
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gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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plight
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| n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定 | |
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arsenal
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| n.兵工厂，军械库 | |
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favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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gauge
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| v.精确计量；估计；n.标准度量；计量器 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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prospects
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| n.希望，前途(恒为复数) | |
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13
omen
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| n.征兆，预兆；vt.预示 | |
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transact
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| v.处理；做交易；谈判 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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prevailing
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| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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banishment
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| n.放逐，驱逐 | |
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impiety
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| n.不敬；不孝 | |
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foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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postponing
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| v.延期，推迟( postpone的现在分词 ) | |
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peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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exclusion
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| n.拒绝，排除，排斥，远足，远途旅行 | |
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helping
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| n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的 | |
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averred
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| v.断言( aver的过去式和过去分词 )；证实；证明…属实；作为事实提出 | |
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miseries
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| n.痛苦( misery的名词复数 )；痛苦的事；穷困；常发牢骚的人 | |
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29
precipitate
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| adj.突如其来的；vt.使突然发生；n.沉淀物 | |
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unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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31
injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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gainsay
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| v.否认，反驳 | |
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33
infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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34
cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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35
invader
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| n.侵略者，侵犯者，入侵者 | |
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36
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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trophy
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| n.优胜旗，奖品，奖杯，战胜品，纪念品 | |
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