This incident ended the campaign. The army as a whole was disbanded, the contingents1 retiring to their several cities, and Agesilaus home across the Gulf2 by sea.
B.C. 393. Subsequently292 the war between the two parties recommenced. The Athenians, Boeotians, Argives, and the other allies made Corinth the base of their operations; the Lacedaemonians and their allies held Sicyon as theirs. As to the Corinthians, they had to face the fact that, owing to their proximity3 to the seat of war, it was their territory which was ravaged4 and their people who perished, while the rest of the allies abode5 in peace and reaped the fruits of their lands in due season. Hence the majority of them, including the better class, desired peace, and gathering6 into knots they indoctrinated one another with these views.
B.C. 392.293 On the other hand, it could hardly escape the notice of the allied7 powers, the Argives, Athenians, and Boeotians, as also those of the Corinthians themselves who had received a share of the king’s moneys, or for whatever reason were most directly interested in the war, that if they did not promptly8 put the peace party out of the way, ten chances to one the old laconising policy would again hold the field. It seemed there was nothing for it but the remedy of the knife. There was a refinement9 of wickedness in the plan adopted. With most people the life even of a legally condemned10 criminal is held sacred during a solemn season, but these men deliberately11 selected the last day of the Eucleia,294 when they might reckon on capturing more victims in the crowded market-place, for their murderous purposes. Their agents were supplied with the names of those to be gotten rid of, the signal was given, and then, drawing their daggers12, they fell to work. Here a man was struck down standing13 in the centre of a group of talkers, and there another seated; a third while peacably enjoying himself at the play; a fourth actually whilst officiating as a judge at some dramatic contest.295 When what was taking place became known, there was a general flight on the part of the better classes. Some fled to the images of the gods in the market-place, others to the altars; and here these unhallowed miscreants14, ringleaders and followers15 alike, utterly16 regardless of duty and law, fell to butchering their victims even within the sacred precincts of the gods; so that even some of those against whom no hand was lifted — honest, law-abiding folk — were filled with sore amazement17 at sight of such impiety18. In this way many of the elder citizens, as mustering19 more thickly in the market-place, were done to death. The younger men, acting20 on a suspicion conceived by one of their number, Pasimelus, as to what was going to take place, kept quiet in the Kraneion;296 but hearing screams and shouting and being joined anon by some who had escaped from the affair, they took the hint, and, running up along the slope of the Acrocorinthus, succeeded in repelling21 an attack of the Argives and the rest. While they were still deliberating what they ought to do, down fell a capital from its column — without assignable cause, whether of earthquake or wind. Also, when they sacrificed, the aspect of the victims was such that the soothsayers said it was better to descend22 from that position.
So they retired23, in the first instance prepared to go into exile beyond the territory of Corinth. It was only upon the persuasion24 of their friends and the earnest entreaties25 of their mothers and sisters who came out to them, supported by the solemn assurance of the men in power themselves, who swore to guarantee them against evil consequences, that some of them finally consented to return home. Presented to their eyes was the spectacle of a tyranny in full exercise, and to their minds the consciousness of the obliteration26 of their city, seeing that boundaries were plucked up and the land of their fathers had come to be re-entitled by the name of Argos instead of Corinth; and furthermore, compulsion was put upon them to share in the constitution in vogue27 at Argos, for which they had ltitle appetite, while in their own city they wielded28 less power than the resident aliens. So that a party sprang up among them whose creed29 was, that life was not worth living on such terms: their endeavour must be to make their fatherland once more the Corinth of old days — to restore freedom to their city, purified from the murderer and his pollution and fairly rooted in good order and legality.297 It was a design worth the venture: if they succeeded they would become the saviours30 of their country; if not — why, in the effort to grasp the fairest flower of happiness, they would but overreach, and find instead a glorious termination to existence.
It was in furtherance of this design that two men — Pasimelus and Alcimenes — undertook to creep through a watercourse and effect a meeting with Praxitas the polemarch of the Lacedaemonians, who was on garrison31 duty with his own division in Sicyon. They told him they could give him ingress at a point in the long walls leading to Lechaeum. Praxitas, knowing from previous experience that the two men might be relied upon, believed their statement; and having arranged for the further detention32 in Sicyon of the division which was on the point of departure, he busied himself with plans for the enterprise. When the two men, partly by chance and partly by contrivance, came to be on guard at the gate where the tophy now stands, without further ado Praxitas presented himself with his division, taking with him also the men of Sicyon and the whole of the Corinthian exiles. Having reached the gate, he had a qualm of misgiving33, and hesitated to step inside until he had first sent in a man on whom he could rely to take a look at things within. The two Corinthians introduced him, and made so simple and straightforward34 a representation298 that the visitor was convinced, and reported everything as free of pitfalls35 as the two had asserted. Then the polemarch entered, but owing to the wide space between the double walls, as soon as they came to form in line within, the intruders were impressed by the paucity36 of their numbers. They therefore erected37 a stockade38, and dug as good a trench39 as they could in front of them, pending40 the arrival of reinforcements from the allies. In their rear, moreover, lay the guard of the Boeotians in the harbour. Thus they passed the whole day which followed the night of ingress without striking a blow.
On the next day, however, the Argive troops arrived in all haste, hurrying to the rescue, and found the enemy duly drawn41 up. The Lacedaemonians were on their own right, the men of Sicyon next, and leaning against the eastern wall the Corinthian exiles, one hundred and fifty strong.299 Their opponents marshalled their lines face to face in correspondence: Iphicrates with his mercenaries abutting42 on the eastern wall; next to them the Argives, whilst the Corinthians of the city held their left. In the pride inspired by numbers they began advancing at once. They overpowered the Sicyonians, and tearing asunder43 the stockade, pursued them to the sea and here slew44 numbers of them. At that instant Pasimachus, the cavalry45 general, at the head of a handful of troopers, seeing the Sicyonians sore presed, made fast the horses of his troops to the trees, and relieving the Sicyonians of their heavy infantry46 shields, advanced with his volunteers against the Argives. The latter, seeing the Sigmas on the shields and taking them to be “Sicyonians,” had not the slightest fear. Whereupon, as the story goes, Pasimachus, exclaiming in his broad Doric, “By the twin gods! these Sigmas will cheat you, you Argives,” came to close quarters, and in that battle of a handful against a host, was slain47 himself with all his followers. In another quarter of the field, however, the Corinthian exiles had got the better of their opponents and worked their way up, so that they were now touching48 the city circumvallation walls.
The Lacedaemonians, on their side, perceiving the discomfiture49 of the Sicyonians, sprang out with timely aid, keeping the palisade-work on their left. But the Argives, discovering that the Lacedaemonians were behind them, wheeled round and came racing50 back, pouring out of the palisade at full speed. Their extreme right, with unprotected flanks exposed, fell victims to the Lacedaemonians; the rest, hugging the wall, made good their retreat in dense51 masses towards the city. Here they encountered the Corinthian exiles, and discovering that they had fallen upon foes52, swerved53 aside in the reverse direction. In this predicament some mounted by the ladders of the city wall, and, leaping down from its summit, were destroyed;300 others yielded up their lives, thrust through, as they jostled at the foot of the steps; others again were literally54 trampled55 under one another’s feet and suffocated56.
The Lacedaemonians had no difficulty in the choice of victims; for at that instant a work was assigned to them to do,301 such as they could hardly have hoped or prayed for. To find delivered into their hands a mob of helpless enemies, in an ecstasy57 of terror, presenting their unarmed sides in such sort that none turned to defend himself, but each victim rather seemed to contribute what he could towards his own destruction — if that was not divine interposition, I know now what to call it. Miracle or not, in that little space so many fell, and the corpses58 lay piled so thick, that eyes familiar with the stacking of corn or wood or piles of stones were called upon to gaze at layers of human bodies. Nor did the guard of the Boeotians in the port itself302 escape death; some were slain upon the ramparts, others on the roofs of the dock-houses, which they had scaled for refuge. Nothing remained but for the Corinthians and Argives to carry away their dead under cover of a truce59; whilst the allies of Lacedaemon poured in their reinforcements. When these were collected, Praxitas decided60 in the first place to raze61 enough of the walls to allow a free broadway for an army on march. This done, he put himself at the head of his troops and advanced on the road to Megara, taking by assault, first Sidus and next Crommyon. Leaving garrisons62 in these two fortresses63, he retraced64 his steps, and finally fortifying65 Epieiceia as a garrison outpost to protect the territory of the allies, he at once disbanded his troops and himself withdrew to Lacedaemon.
B.C. 392-391.303 After this the great armaments of both belligerents66 had ceased to exist. The states merely furnished garrisons — the one set at Corinth, the other set at Sicyon — and were content to guard the walls. Though even so, a vigorous war was carried on by dint67 of the mercenary troops with which both sides were furnished.
A signal incident in the period was the invasion of Phlius by Iphicrates. He laid an ambuscade, and with a small body of troops adopting a system of guerilla war, took occasion of an unguarded sally of the citizens of Phlius to inflict68 such losses on them, that though they had never previously69 received the Lacedaemonians within their walls, they received them now. They had hitherto feared to do so lest it might lead to the restoration of the banished70 members of their community, who gave out that they owed their exile to their Lacedaemonian sympathies;304 but they were now in such abject71 fear of the Corinthian party that they sent to fetch the Lacedaemonians, and delivered the city and citadel72 to their safe keeping. These latter, however, well disposed to the exiles of Phlius, did not, at the time they held the city, so much as breathe the thought of bringing back the exiles; on the contrary, as soon as the city seemed to have recovered its confidence, they took their departure, leaving city and laws precisely73 as they had found them on their entry.
To return to Iphicrates and his men: they frequently extended their incursions even into Arcadia in many directions,305 following their usual guerilla tactics, but also making assaults on fortified74 posts. The heavy infantry of the Arcadians positively75 refused to face them in the field, so profound was the terror in which they held these light troops. In compensation, the light troops themselves entertained a wholesome76 dread77 of the Lacedaemonians, and did not venture to approach even within javelin-range of their heavy infantry. They had been taught a lesson when, within that distance, some of the younger hoplites had made a dash at them, catching78 and putting some of them to the sword. But however profound the contempt of the Lacedaemonians for these light troops, their contempt for their own allies was deeper. (On one occasion306 a reinforcement of Mantineans had sallied from the walls between Corinth and Lechaeum to engage the peltasts, and had no sooner come under attack than they swerved, losing some of their men as they made good their retreat. The Lacedaemonians were unkind enough to poke79 fun at these unfortunates. “Our allies,” they said, “stand in as much awe80 of these peltasts as children of the bogies and hobgoblins of their nurses.” For themselves, starting from Lechaeum, they found no difficulty in marching right round the city of Corinth with a single Lacedaemonian division and the Corinthian exiles.)307
The Athenians, on their side, who felt the power of the Lacedaemonians to be dangerously close, now that the walls of Corinth had been laid open, and even apprehended81 a direct attack upon themselves, determined82 to rebuild the portion of the wall severed83 by Praxitas. Accordingly they set out with their whole force, including a suite84 of stonelayers, masons, and carpenters, and within a few days erected a quite splendid wall on the side facing Sicyon towards the west,308 and then proceeded with more leisure to the completion of the eastern portion.
To turn once more to the other side: the Lacedaemonians, indignant at the notion that the Argives should be gathering the produce of their lands in peace at home, as if war were a pastime, marched against them. Agesilaus commanded the expedition, and after ravaging85 their territory from one end to the other, crossed their frontier at Tenea309 and swooped86 down upon Corinth, taking the walls which had been lately rebuilt by the Athenians. He was supported on the sea side by his brother Teleutias310 with a naval87 force of about twelve triremes, and the mother of both was able to congratulate herself on the joint88 success of both her sons; one having captured the enemy’s walls by land and the other his ships and naval arsenal89 by sea, on the same day. These achievements sufficed Agesilaus for the present; he disbanded the army of the allies and led the state troops home.
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contingents
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| （志趣相投、尤指来自同一地方的）一组与会者( contingent的名词复数 )； 代表团； （军队的）分遣队； 小分队 | |
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gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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proximity
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| n.接近，邻近 | |
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ravaged
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| 毁坏( ravage的过去式和过去分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫 | |
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abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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allied
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| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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refinement
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| n.文雅；高尚；精美；精制；精炼 | |
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condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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daggers
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| 匕首，短剑( dagger的名词复数 ) | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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miscreants
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| n.恶棍，歹徒( miscreant的名词复数 ) | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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impiety
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| n.不敬；不孝 | |
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mustering
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| v.集合，召集，集结（尤指部队）( muster的现在分词 )；（自他人处）搜集某事物；聚集；激发 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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repelling
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| v.击退( repel的现在分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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persuasion
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| n.劝说；说服；持有某种信仰的宗派 | |
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entreaties
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| n.恳求，乞求( entreaty的名词复数 ) | |
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obliteration
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| n.涂去，删除；管腔闭合 | |
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Vogue
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| n.时髦，时尚；adj.流行的 | |
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wielded
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| 手持着使用（武器、工具等）( wield的过去式和过去分词 )； 具有； 运用（权力）； 施加（影响） | |
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creed
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| n.信条；信念，纲领 | |
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saviours
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| n.救助者( saviour的名词复数 )；救星；救世主；耶稣基督 | |
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garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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detention
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| n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下 | |
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misgiving
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| n.疑虑，担忧，害怕 | |
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straightforward
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| adj.正直的，坦率的；易懂的，简单的 | |
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pitfalls
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| （捕猎野兽用的）陷阱( pitfall的名词复数 )； 意想不到的困难，易犯的错误 | |
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paucity
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| n.小量，缺乏 | |
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ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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stockade
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| n.栅栏，围栏；v.用栅栏防护 | |
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trench
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| n./v.(挖)沟，(挖)战壕 | |
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pending
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| prep.直到，等待…期间；adj.待定的；迫近的 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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abutting
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| adj.邻接的v.（与…）邻接( abut的现在分词 )；（与…）毗连；接触；倚靠 | |
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asunder
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| adj.分离的，化为碎片 | |
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slew
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| v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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discomfiture
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| n.崩溃；大败；挫败；困惑 | |
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racing
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| n.竞赛，赛马；adj.竞赛用的，赛马用的 | |
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dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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swerved
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| v.（使）改变方向，改变目的( swerve的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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trampled
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| 踩( trample的过去式和过去分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯 | |
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suffocated
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| （使某人）窒息而死( suffocate的过去式和过去分词 )； （将某人）闷死； 让人感觉闷热； 憋气 | |
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ecstasy
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| n.狂喜，心醉神怡，入迷 | |
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corpses
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| n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 ) | |
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truce
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| n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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raze
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| vt.铲平，把(城市、房屋等)夷为平地，拆毁 | |
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garrisons
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| 守备部队，卫戍部队( garrison的名词复数 ) | |
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fortresses
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| 堡垒，要塞( fortress的名词复数 ) | |
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retraced
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| v.折回( retrace的过去式和过去分词 )；回忆；回顾；追溯 | |
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fortifying
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| 筑防御工事于( fortify的现在分词 )； 筑堡于； 增强； 强化（食品） | |
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belligerents
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| n.交战的一方（指国家、集团或个人）( belligerent的名词复数 ) | |
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dint
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| n.由于，靠；凹坑 | |
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inflict
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| vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担 | |
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previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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abject
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| adj.极可怜的，卑屈的 | |
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citadel
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| n.城堡；堡垒；避难所 | |
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precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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fortified
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| adj. 加强的 | |
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75
positively
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| adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实 | |
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76
wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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77
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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78
catching
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| adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住 | |
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poke
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| n.刺，戳，袋；vt.拨开，刺，戳；vi.戳，刺，捅，搜索，伸出，行动散慢 | |
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80
awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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apprehended
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| 逮捕，拘押( apprehend的过去式和过去分词 )； 理解 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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severed
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| v.切断，断绝( sever的过去式和过去分词 )；断，裂 | |
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suite
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| n.一套(家具)；套房；随从人员 | |
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ravaging
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| 毁坏( ravage的现在分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫 | |
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86
swooped
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| 俯冲，猛冲( swoop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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87
naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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88
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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arsenal
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| n.兵工厂，军械库 | |
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