But on this topic enough, perhaps, has been said to demonstrate the loyalty1 of the men of Phlius to their friends, their bravery in war, and, lastly, their steadfastness2 in maintaining their alliance in spite of famine.
B.C. 367-366. It seems to have been somewhere about this date that Aeneas the Stymphalian,699 who had become general of the Arcadians, finding that the state of affairs in Sicyon was intolerable, marched up with his army into the acropolis. Here he summoned a meeting of the Sicyonian aristocrats3 already within the walls, and sent to fetch those others who had been banished4 without a decree of the people.700 Euphron, taking fright at these proceedings5, fled for safety to the harbour-town of Sicyon. Hither he summoned Pasimelus from Corinth, and by his instrumentality handed over the harbour to the Lacedaemonians. Once more reappearing in his old character, he began to pose as an ally of Sparta. He asserted that his fidelity6 to Lacedaemon had never been interrupted; for when the votes were given in the city whether Sicyon should give up her allegiance to Lacedaemon, “I, with one or two others,” said he, “voted against the measure; but afterwards these people betrayed me, and in my desire to avenge7 myself on them I set up a democracy. At present all traitors9 to yourselves are banished — I have seen to that. If only I could get the power into my own hands, I would go over to you, city and all, at once. All that I can do at present, I have done; I have surrendered to you this harbour.” That was what Euphron said to his audience there, but of the many who heard his words, how many really believed his words is by no means evident. However, since I have begun the story of Euphron, I desire to bring it to its close.
Faction10 and party strife11 ran high in Sicyon between the better classes and the people, when Euphron, getting a body of foreign troops from Athens, once more obtained his restoration. The city, with the help of the commons, he was master of, but the Theban governor held the citadel12. Euphron, perceiving that he would never be able to dominate the state whilst the Thebans held the acropolis, collected money and set off to Thebes, intending to persuade the Thebans to expel the aristocrats and once again to hand over the city to himself. But the former exiles, having got wind of this journey of his, and of the whole intrigue13, set off themselves to Thebes in front of him.701 When, however, they saw the terms of intimacy14 on which he associated with the Theban authorities, in terror of his succeeding in his mission some of them staked their lives on the attempt and stabbed Euphron in the Cadmeia, where the magistrates15 and senate were seated. The magistrates, indeed, could not but indict16 the perpetrators of the deed before the senate, and spoke17 as follows:
“Fellow-citizens, it is our duty to arraign18 these murderers of Euphron, the men before you, on the capital charge. Mankind may be said to fall into two classes: there are the wise and temperate,702 who are incapable19 of any wrong and unhallowed deed; and there are the base, the bad, who do indeed such things, but try to escape the notice of their fellows. The men before you are exceptional. They have so far exceeded all the rest of men in audacity20 and foul21 villiany that, in the very presence of the magistrates and of yourselves, who alone have the power of life and death, they have taken the law into their own hands,703 and have slain22 this man. But they stand now before the bar of justice, and they must needs pay the extreme penalty; for, if you spare them, what visitor will have courage to approach the city? Nay23, what will become of the city itself, if license24 is to be given to any one who chooses to murder those who come here, before they have even explained the object of their visit? It is our part, then, to prosecute25 these men as arch-villains and miscreants26, whose contempt for law and justice is only matched by the supreme27 indifference28 with which they treat this city. It is your part, now that you have heard the charges, to impose upon them that penalty which seems to be the measure of their guilt29.”
Such were the words of the magistrates. Among the men thus accused, all save one denied immediate30 participation31 in the act. It was not their hands that had dealt the blow. This one not only confessed the deed, but made a defence in words somewhat as follows:
“As to treating you with indifference, men of Thebes, that is not possible for a man who knows that with you lies the power to deal with him as you list. Ask rather on what I based my confidence when I slew32 the man; and be well assured that, in the first place, I based it on the conviction that I was doing right; next, that your verdict will also be right and just. I knew assuredly how you dealt with Archias704 and Hypates and that company whom you detected in conduct similar to that of Euphron: you did not stay for formal voting, but at the first opportunity within your reach you guided the sword of vengeance33, believing that by the verdict of mankind a sentence of death had already been passed against the conspicuously34 profane35 person, the manifest traitor8, and him who lays to his hand to become a tyrant36. See, then, what follows. Euphron was liable on each of these several counts: he was a conspicuously profane person, who took into his keeping temples rich in votive offerings of gold and silver, and swept them bare of their sacred treasures; he was an arrant37 traitor — for what treason could be more manifest than Euphron’s? First he was the bosom38 friend of Lacedaemon, but presently chose you in their stead; and, after exchange of solemn pledges between yourselves and him, once more turned round and played the traitor to you, and delivered up the harbour to your enemies. Lastly, he was most undisguisedly a tyrant, who made not free men only, but free fellow-citizens his slaves; who put to death, or drove into exile, or robbed of their wealth and property, not malefactors, note you, but the mere39 victims of his whim40 and fancy; and these were ever the better folk. Once again restored by the help of your sworn foes42 and antagonists43, the Athenians, to his native town of Sicyon, the first thing he did was to take up arms against the governor from Thebes; but, finding himself powerless to drive him from the acropolis, he collected money and betook himself hither. Now, if it were proved that he had mustered44 armed bands to attack you, I venture to say, you would have thanked me that I slew him. What then, when he came furnished with vile45 moneys, to corrupt46 you therewith, to bribe47 you to make him once more lord and master of the state? How shall I, who dealt justice upon him, justly suffer death at your hands? For to be worsted in arms implies injury certainly, but of the body only: the defeated man is not proved to be dishonest by his loss of victory. But he who is corrupted48 by filthy49 lucre50, contrary to the standard of what is best,705 is at once injured and involved in shame.
“Now if he had been your friend, however much he was my national foe41, I do confess it had been scarce honourable51 of me to have stabbed him to death in your presence: but why, I should like to ask, should the man who betrayed you be less your enemy than mine? ‘Ah, but,’ I hear some one retort, ‘he came of his own accord.’ I presume, sir, you mean that had he chanced to be slain by somebody at a distance from your state, that somebody would have won your praise; but now, on the ground that he came back here to work mischief52 on the top of mischief, ‘he had the right to live’!706 In what part of Hellas, tell me, sir, do Hellenes keep a truce53 with traitors, double-dyed deserters, and tyrants54? Moreover, I must remind you that you passed a resolution — if I mistake not, it stands recorded in your parliamentary minutes — that ‘renegades are liable to be apprehended707 in any of the allied55 cities.’ Now, here is a renegade restoring himself without any common decree of the allied states: will any one tell me on what ground this person did not deserve to die? What I maintain, sirs, is that if you put me to death, by so doing you will be aiding and abetting56 your bitterest foe; while, by a verdict sanctioning the justice of my conduct, you will prove your willingness to protect the interests not of yourselves only, but of the whole body of your allies.”
The Thebans on hearing these pleadings decided57 that Euphron had only suffered the fate which he deserved. His own countrymen, however, conveyed away the body with the honours due to a brave and good man, and buried him in the market-place, where they still pay pious58 reverence59 to his memory as “a founder60 of the state.” So strictly61, it would seem, do the mass of mankind confine the term brave and good to those who are the benefactors62 of themselves.
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loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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steadfastness
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| n.坚定，稳当 | |
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aristocrats
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| n.贵族( aristocrat的名词复数 ) | |
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banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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avenge
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| v.为...复仇，为...报仇 | |
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traitor
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| n.叛徒，卖国贼 | |
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traitors
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| 卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 )； 叛徒； 背叛者； 背信弃义的人 | |
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faction
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| n.宗派，小集团；派别；派系斗争 | |
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strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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citadel
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| n.城堡；堡垒；避难所 | |
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intrigue
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| vt.激起兴趣，迷住；vi.耍阴谋；n.阴谋，密谋 | |
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intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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magistrates
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| 地方法官，治安官( magistrate的名词复数 ) | |
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indict
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| v.起诉，控告，指控 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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arraign
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| v.提讯；控告 | |
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incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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audacity
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| n.大胆，卤莽，无礼 | |
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foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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license
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| n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许 | |
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prosecute
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| vt.告发；进行；vi.告发，起诉，作检察官 | |
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miscreants
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| n.恶棍，歹徒( miscreant的名词复数 ) | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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guilt
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| n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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participation
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| n.参与，参加，分享 | |
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slew
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| v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多 | |
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vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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conspicuously
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| ad.明显地，惹人注目地 | |
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profane
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| adj.亵神的，亵渎的；vt.亵渎，玷污 | |
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tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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arrant
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| adj.极端的；最大的 | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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whim
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| n.一时的兴致，突然的念头；奇想，幻想 | |
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foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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antagonists
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| 对立[对抗] 者，对手，敌手( antagonist的名词复数 )； 对抗肌； 对抗药 | |
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mustered
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| v.集合，召集，集结（尤指部队）( muster的过去式和过去分词 )；（自他人处）搜集某事物；聚集；激发 | |
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vile
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| adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的 | |
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corrupt
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| v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的 | |
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bribe
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| n.贿赂；v.向…行贿，买通 | |
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corrupted
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| （使）败坏( corrupt的过去式和过去分词 )； （使）腐化； 引起（计算机文件等的）错误； 破坏 | |
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filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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lucre
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| n.金钱，财富 | |
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honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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truce
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| n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束 | |
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tyrants
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| 专制统治者( tyrant的名词复数 )； 暴君似的人； （古希腊的）僭主； 严酷的事物 | |
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allied
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| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
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abetting
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| v.教唆（犯罪）( abet的现在分词 )；煽动；怂恿；支持 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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benefactors
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| n.捐助者，施主( benefactor的名词复数 )；恩人 | |
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