Moral reflections by Joseph Andrews; with the hunting adventure, and parson Adams’s miraculous1 escape.
“I have often wondered, sir,” said Joseph, “to observe so few instances of charity among mankind; for though the goodness of a man’s heart did not incline him to relieve the distresses2 of his fellow-creatures, methinks the desire of honour should move him to it. What inspires a man to build fine houses, to purchase fine furniture, pictures, clothes, and other things, at a great expense, but an ambition to be respected more than other people? Now, would not one great act of charity, one instance of redeeming4 a poor family from all the miseries5 of poverty, restoring an unfortunate tradesman by a sum of money to the means of procuring6 a livelihood7 by his industry, discharging an undone8 debtor9 from his debts or a gaol10, or any suchlike example of goodness, create a man more honour and respect than he could acquire by the finest house, furniture, pictures, or clothes, that were ever beheld11? For not only the object himself who was thus relieved, but all who heard the name of such a person, must, I imagine, reverence12 him infinitely13 more than the possessor of all those other things; which when we so admire, we rather praise the builder, the workman, the painter, the lace-maker, the taylor, and the rest, by whose ingenuity14 they are produced, than the person who by his money makes them his own. For my own part, when I have waited behind my lady in a room hung with fine pictures, while I have been looking at them I have never once thought of their owner, nor hath any one else, as I ever observed; for when it hath been asked whose picture that was, it was never once answered the master’s of the house; but Ammyconni, Paul Varnish15, Hannibal Scratchi, or Hogarthi, which I suppose were the names of the painters; but if it was asked — Who redeemed16 such a one out of prison? Who lent such a ruined tradesman money to set up? Who clothed that family of poor small children? it is very plain what must be the answer. And besides, these great folks are mistaken if they imagine they get any honour at all by these means; for I do not remember I ever was with my lady at any house where she commended the house or furniture but I have heard her at her return home make sport and jeer17 at whatever she had before commended; and I have been told by other gentlemen in livery that it is the same in their families: but I defy the wisest man in the world to turn a true good action into ridicule18. I defy him to do it. He who should endeavour it would be laughed at himself, instead of making others laugh. Nobody scarce doth any good, yet they all agree in praising those who do. Indeed, it is strange that all men should consent in commending goodness, and no man endeavour to deserve that commendation; whilst, on the contrary, all rail at wickedness, and all are as eager to be what they abuse. This I know not the reason of; but it is as plain as daylight to those who converse19 in the world, as I have done these three years.” “Are all the great folks wicked then?” says Fanny. “To be sure there are some exceptions,” answered Joseph. “Some gentlemen of our cloth report charitable actions done by their lords and masters; and I have heard Squire20 Pope, the great poet, at my lady’s table, tell stories of a man that lived at a place called Ross, and another at the Bath, one Al — Al — I forget his name, but it is in the book of verses. This gentleman hath built up a stately house too, which the squire likes very well; but his charity is seen farther than his house, though it stands on a hill, — ay, and brings him more honour too. It was his charity that put him in the book, where the squire says he puts all those who deserve it; and to be sure, as he lives among all the great people, if there were any such, he would know them.” This was all of Mr Joseph Andrews’s speech which I could get him to recollect21, which I have delivered as near as was possible in his own words, with a very small embellishment. But I believe the reader hath not been a little surprized at the long silence of parson Adams, especially as so many occasions offered themselves to exert his curiosity and observation. The truth is, he was fast asleep, and had so been from the beginning of the preceding narrative22; and, indeed, if the reader considers that so many hours had passed since he had closed his eyes, he will not wonder at his repose23, though even Henley himself, or as great an orator24 (if any such be), had been in his rostrum or tub before him.
Joseph, who whilst he was speaking had continued in one attitude, with his head reclining on one side, and his eyes cast on the ground, no sooner perceived, on looking up, the position of Adams, who was stretched on his back, and snored louder than the usual braying25 of the animal with long ears, than he turned towards Fanny, and, taking her by the hand, began a dalliance, which, though consistent with the purest innocence26 and decency27, neither he would have attempted nor she permitted before any witness. Whilst they amused themselves in this harmless and delightful29 manner they heard a pack of hounds approaching in full cry towards them, and presently afterwards saw a hare pop forth30 from the wood, and, crossing the water, land within a few yards of them in the meadows. The hare was no sooner on shore than it seated itself on its hinder legs, and listened to the sound of the pursuers. Fanny was wonderfully pleased with the little wretch31, and eagerly longed to have it in her arms that she might preserve it from the dangers which seemed to threaten it; but the rational part of the creation do not always aptly distinguish their friends from their foes32; what wonder then if this silly creature, the moment it beheld her, fled from the friend who would have protected it, and, traversing the meadows again, passed the little rivulet34 on the opposite side? It was, however, so spent and weak, that it fell down twice or thrice in its way. This affected35 the tender heart of Fanny, who exclaimed, with tears in her eyes, against the barbarity of worrying a poor innocent defenceless animal out of its life, and putting it to the extremest torture for diversion. She had not much time to make reflections of this kind, for on a sudden the hounds rushed through the wood, which resounded36 with their throats and the throats of their retinue37, who attended on them on horseback. The dogs now past the rivulet, and pursued the footsteps of the hare; five horsemen attempted to leap over, three of whom succeeded, and two were in the attempt thrown from their saddles into the water; their companions, and their own horses too, proceeded after their sport, and left their friends and riders to invoke38 the assistance of Fortune, or employ the more active means of strength and agility39 for their deliverance. Joseph, however, was not so unconcerned on this occasion; he left Fanny for a moment to herself, and ran to the gentlemen, who were immediately on their legs, shaking their ears, and easily, with the help of his hand, obtained the bank (for the rivulet was not at all deep); and, without staying to thank their kind assister, ran dripping across the meadow, calling to their brother sportsmen to stop their horses; but they heard them not.
The hounds were now very little behind their poor reeling, staggering prey40, which, fainting almost at every step, crawled through the wood, and had almost got round to the place where Fanny stood, when it was overtaken by its enemies, and being driven out of the covert41, was caught, and instantly tore to pieces before Fanny’s face, who was unable to assist it with any aid more powerful than pity; nor could she prevail on Joseph, who had been himself a sportsman in his youth, to attempt anything contrary to the laws of hunting in favour of the hare, which he said was killed fairly.
The hare was caught within a yard or two of Adams, who lay asleep at some distance from the lovers; and the hounds, in devouring42 it, and pulling it backwards43 and forwards, had drawn44 it so close to him, that some of them (by mistake perhaps for the hare’s skin) laid hold of the skirts of his cassock; others at the same time applying their teeth to his wig45, which he had with a handkerchief fastened to his head, began to pull him about; and had not the motion of his body had more effect on him than seemed to be wrought46 by the noise, they must certainly have tasted his flesh, which delicious flavour might have been fatal to him; but being roused by these tuggings, he instantly awaked, and with a jerk delivering his head from his wig, he with most admirable dexterity47 recovered his legs, which now seemed the only members he could entrust48 his safety to. Having, therefore, escaped likewise from at least a third part of his cassock, which he willingly left as his exuviae or spoils to the enemy, he fled with the utmost speed he could summon to his assistance. Nor let this be any detraction49 from the bravery of his character: let the number of the enemies, and the surprize in which he was taken, be considered; and if there be any modern so outrageously50 brave that he cannot admit of flight in any circumstance whatever, I say (but I whisper that softly, and I solemnly declare without any intention of giving offence to any brave man in the nation), I say, or rather I whisper, that he is an ignorant fellow, and hath never read Homer nor Virgil, nor knows he anything of Hector or Turnus; nay51, he is unacquainted with the history of some great men living, who, though as brave as lions, ay, as tigers, have run away, the Lord knows how far, and the Lord knows why, to the surprize of their friends and the entertainment of their enemies. But if persons of such heroic disposition52 are a little offended at the behaviour of Adams, we assure them they shall be as much pleased with what we shall immediately relate of Joseph Andrews. The master of the pack was just arrived, or, as the sportsmen call it, come in, when Adams set out, as we have before mentioned. This gentleman was generally said to be a great lover of humour; but, not to mince53 the matter, especially as we are upon this subject, he was a great hunter of men; indeed, he had hitherto followed the sport only with dogs of his own species; for he kept two or three couple of barking curs for that use only. However, as he thought he had now found a man nimble enough, he was willing to indulge himself with other sport, and accordingly, crying out, “Stole away,” encouraged the hounds to pursue Mr Adams, swearing it was the largest jack-hare he ever saw; at the same time hallooing and hooping as if a conquered foe33 was flying before him; in which he was imitated by these two or three couple of human or rather two-legged curs on horseback which we have mentioned before.
Now, thou, whoever thou art, whether a muse28, or by what other name soever thou choosest to be called, who presidest over biography, and hast inspired all the writers of lives in these our times: thou who didst infuse such wonderful humour into the pen of immortal54 Gulliver; who hast carefully guided the judgment55 whilst thou hast exalted56 the nervous manly57 style of thy Mallet58: thou who hadst no hand in that dedication59 and preface, or the translations, which thou wouldst willingly have struck out of the life of Cicero: lastly, thou who, without the assistance of the least spice of literature, and even against his inclination60, hast, in some pages of his book, forced Colley Cibber to write English; do thou assist me in what I find myself unequal to. Do thou introduce on the plain the young, the gay, the brave Joseph Andrews, whilst men shall view him with admiration61 and envy, tender virgins62 with love and anxious concern for his safety.
No sooner did Joseph Andrews perceive the distress3 of his friend, when first the quick-scenting dogs attacked him, than he grasped his cudgel in his right hand — a cudgel which his father had of his grandfather, to whom a mighty64 strong man of Kent had given it for a present in that day when he broke three heads on the stage. It was a cudgel of mighty strength and wonderful art, made by one of Mr Deard’s best workmen, whom no other artificer can equal, and who hath made all those sticks which the beaus have lately walked with about the Park in a morning; but this was far his masterpiece. On its head was engraved65 a nose and chin, which might have been mistaken for a pair of nutcrackers. The learned have imagined it designed to represent the Gorgon66; but it was in fact copied from the face of a certain long English baronet, of infinite wit, humour, and gravity. He did intend to have engraved here many histories: as the first night of Captain B—— ‘s play, where you would have seen critics in embroidery67 transplanted from the boxes to the pit, whose ancient inhabitants were exalted to the galleries, where they played on catcalls. He did intend to have painted an auction68 room, where Mr Cock would have appeared aloft in his pulpit, trumpeting69 forth the praises of a china basin, and with astonishment70 wondering that “Nobody bids more for that fine, that superb — ” He did intend to have engraved many other things, but was forced to leave all out for want of room.
No sooner had Joseph grasped his cudgel in his hands than lightning darted71 from his eyes; and the heroick youth, swift of foot, ran with the utmost speed to his friend’s assistance. He overtook him just as Rockwood had laid hold of the skirt of his cassock, which, being torn, hung to the ground. Reader, we would make a simile72 on this occasion, but for two reasons: the first is, it would interrupt the description, which should be rapid in this part; but that doth not weigh much, many precedents73 occurring for such an interruption: the second and much the greater reason is, that we could find no simile adequate to our purpose: for indeed, what instance could we bring to set before our reader’s eyes at once the idea of friendship, courage, youth, beauty, strength, and swiftness? all which blazed in the person of Joseph Andrews. Let those, therefore, that describe lions and tigers, and heroes fiercer than both, raise their poems or plays with the simile of Joseph Andrews, who is himself above the reach of any simile.
Now Rockwood had laid fast hold on the parson’s skirts, and stopt his flight; which Joseph no sooner perceived than he levelled his cudgel at his head and laid him sprawling74. Jowler and Ringwood then fell on his greatcoat, and had undoubtedly75 brought him to the ground, had not Joseph, collecting all his force, given Jowler such a rap on the back, that, quitting his hold, he ran howling over the plain. A harder fate remained for thee, O Ringwood! Ringwood the best hound that ever pursued a hare, who never threw his tongue but where the scent63 was undoubtedly true; good at trailing, and sure in a highway; no babler, no overrunner; respected by the whole pack, who, whenever he opened, knew the game was at hand. He fell by the stroke of Joseph. Thunder and Plunder76, and Wonder and Blunder, were the next victims of his wrath77, and measured their lengths on the ground. Then Fairmaid, a bitch which Mr John Temple had bred up in his house, and fed at his own table, and lately sent the squire fifty miles for a present, ran fiercely at Joseph and bit him by the leg: no dog was ever fiercer than she, being descended78 from an Amazonian breed, and had worried bulls in her own country, but now waged an unequal fight, and had shared the fate of those we have mentioned before, had not Diana (the reader may believe it or not if he pleases) in that instant interposed, and, in the shape of the huntsman, snatched her favourite up in her arms.
The parson now faced about, and with his crabstick felled many to the earth, and scattered79 others, till he was attacked by Caesar and pulled to the ground. Then Joseph flew to his rescue, and with such might fell on the victor, that, O eternal blot80 to his name! Caesar ran yelping81 away.
The battle now raged with the most dreadful violence, when, lo! the huntsman, a man of years and dignity, lifted his voice, and called his hounds from the fight, telling them, in a language they understood, that it was in vain to contend longer, for that fate had decreed the victory to their enemies.
Thus far the muse hath with her usual dignity related this prodigious82 battle, a battle we apprehend83 never equalled by any poet, romance or life writer whatever, and, having brought it to a conclusion, she ceased; we shall therefore proceed in our ordinary style with the continuation of this history. The squire and his companions, whom the figure of Adams and the gallantry of Joseph had at first thrown into a violent fit of laughter, and who had hitherto beheld the engagement with more delight than any chase, shooting-match, race, cock-fighting, bull or bear baiting, had ever given them, began now to apprehend the danger of their hounds, many of which lay sprawling in the fields. The squire, therefore, having first called his friends about him, as guards for safety of his person, rode manfully up to the combatants, and, summoning all the terror he was master of into his countenance84, demanded with an authoritative85 voice of Joseph what he meant by assaulting his dogs in that manner? Joseph answered, with great intrepidity86, that they had first fallen on his friend; and if they had belonged to the greatest man in the kingdom, he would have treated them in the same way; for, whilst his veins87 contained a single drop of blood, he would not stand idle by and see that gentleman (pointing to Adams) abused either by man or beast; and, having so said, both he and Adams brandished88 their wooden weapons, and put themselves into such a posture89, that the squire and his company thought proper to preponderate90 before they offered to revenge the cause of their four-footed allies.
At this instant Fanny, whom the apprehension91 of Joseph’s danger had alarmed so much that, forgetting her own, she had made the utmost expedition, came up. The squire and all the horsemen were so surprized with her beauty, that they immediately fixed92 both their eyes and thoughts solely93 on her, every one declaring he had never seen so charming a creature. Neither mirth nor anger engaged them a moment longer, but all sat in silent amaze. The huntsman only was free from her attraction, who was busy in cutting the ears of the dogs, and endeavouring to recover them to life; in which he succeeded so well, that only two of no great note remained slaughtered94 on the field of action. Upon this the huntsman declared, “’Twas well it was no worse; for his part he could not blame the gentleman, and wondered his master would encourage the dogs to hunt Christians95; that it was the surest way to spoil them, to make them follow vermin instead of sticking to a hare.”
The squire, being informed of the little mischief96 that had been done, and perhaps having more mischief of another kind in his head, accosted97 Mr Adams with a more favourable98 aspect than before: he told him he was sorry for what had happened; that he had endeavoured all he could to prevent it the moment he was acquainted with his cloth, and greatly commended the courage of his servant, for so he imagined Joseph to be. He then invited Mr Adams to dinner, and desired the young woman might come with him. Adams refused a long while; but the invitation was repeated with so much earnestness and courtesy, that at length he was forced to accept it. His wig and hat, and other spoils of the field, being gathered together by Joseph (for otherwise probably they would have been forgotten), he put himself into the best order he could; and then the horse and foot moved forward in the same pace towards the squire’s house, which stood at a very little distance.
Whilst they were on the road the lovely Fanny attracted the eyes of all: they endeavoured to outvie one another in encomiums on her beauty; which the reader will pardon my not relating, as they had not anything new or uncommon99 in them: so must he likewise my not setting down the many curious jests which were made on Adams; some of them declaring that parson-hunting was the best sport in the world; others commending his standing100 at bay, which they said he had done as well as any badger101; with such like merriment, which, though it would ill become the dignity of this history, afforded much laughter and diversion to the squire and his facetious102 companions.
1 miraculous | |
adj.像奇迹一样的,不可思议的 | |
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2 distresses | |
n.悲痛( distress的名词复数 );痛苦;贫困;危险 | |
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3 distress | |
n.苦恼,痛苦,不舒适;不幸;vt.使悲痛 | |
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4 redeeming | |
补偿的,弥补的 | |
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5 miseries | |
n.痛苦( misery的名词复数 );痛苦的事;穷困;常发牢骚的人 | |
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6 procuring | |
v.(努力)取得, (设法)获得( procure的现在分词 );拉皮条 | |
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7 livelihood | |
n.生计,谋生之道 | |
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8 undone | |
a.未做完的,未完成的 | |
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9 debtor | |
n.借方,债务人 | |
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10 gaol | |
n.(jail)监狱;(不加冠词)监禁;vt.使…坐牢 | |
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11 beheld | |
v.看,注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 );瞧;看呀;(叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现)哎哟 | |
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12 reverence | |
n.敬畏,尊敬,尊严;Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称;v.尊敬,敬畏,崇敬 | |
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13 infinitely | |
adv.无限地,无穷地 | |
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14 ingenuity | |
n.别出心裁;善于发明创造 | |
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15 varnish | |
n.清漆;v.上清漆;粉饰 | |
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16 redeemed | |
adj. 可赎回的,可救赎的 动词redeem的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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17 jeer | |
vi.嘲弄,揶揄;vt.奚落;n.嘲笑,讥评 | |
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18 ridicule | |
v.讥讽,挖苦;n.嘲弄 | |
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19 converse | |
vi.谈话,谈天,闲聊;adv.相反的,相反 | |
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20 squire | |
n.护卫, 侍从, 乡绅 | |
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21 recollect | |
v.回忆,想起,记起,忆起,记得 | |
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22 narrative | |
n.叙述,故事;adj.叙事的,故事体的 | |
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23 repose | |
v.(使)休息;n.安息 | |
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24 orator | |
n.演说者,演讲者,雄辩家 | |
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25 braying | |
v.发出驴叫似的声音( bray的现在分词 );发嘟嘟声;粗声粗气地讲话(或大笑);猛击 | |
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26 innocence | |
n.无罪;天真;无害 | |
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27 decency | |
n.体面,得体,合宜,正派,庄重 | |
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28 muse | |
n.缪斯(希腊神话中的女神),创作灵感 | |
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29 delightful | |
adj.令人高兴的,使人快乐的 | |
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30 forth | |
adv.向前;向外,往外 | |
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31 wretch | |
n.可怜的人,不幸的人;卑鄙的人 | |
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32 foes | |
敌人,仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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33 foe | |
n.敌人,仇敌 | |
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34 rivulet | |
n.小溪,小河 | |
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35 affected | |
adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
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36 resounded | |
v.(指声音等)回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 );产生回响;(指某处)回荡着声音 | |
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37 retinue | |
n.侍从;随员 | |
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38 invoke | |
v.求助于(神、法律);恳求,乞求 | |
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39 agility | |
n.敏捷,活泼 | |
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40 prey | |
n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食;v.捕食,掠夺,折磨 | |
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41 covert | |
adj.隐藏的;暗地里的 | |
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42 devouring | |
吞没( devour的现在分词 ); 耗尽; 津津有味地看; 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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43 backwards | |
adv.往回地,向原处,倒,相反,前后倒置地 | |
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44 drawn | |
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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45 wig | |
n.假发 | |
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46 wrought | |
v.引起;以…原料制作;运转;adj.制造的 | |
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47 dexterity | |
n.(手的)灵巧,灵活 | |
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48 entrust | |
v.信赖,信托,交托 | |
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49 detraction | |
n.减损;诽谤 | |
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50 outrageously | |
凶残地; 肆无忌惮地; 令人不能容忍地; 不寻常地 | |
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51 nay | |
adv.不;n.反对票,投反对票者 | |
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52 disposition | |
n.性情,性格;意向,倾向;排列,部署 | |
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53 mince | |
n.切碎物;v.切碎,矫揉做作地说 | |
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54 immortal | |
adj.不朽的;永生的,不死的;神的 | |
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55 judgment | |
n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见 | |
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56 exalted | |
adj.(地位等)高的,崇高的;尊贵的,高尚的 | |
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57 manly | |
adj.有男子气概的;adv.男子般地,果断地 | |
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58 mallet | |
n.槌棒 | |
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59 dedication | |
n.奉献,献身,致力,题献,献辞 | |
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60 inclination | |
n.倾斜;点头;弯腰;斜坡;倾度;倾向;爱好 | |
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61 admiration | |
n.钦佩,赞美,羡慕 | |
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62 virgins | |
处女,童男( virgin的名词复数 ); 童贞玛利亚(耶稣之母) | |
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63 scent | |
n.气味,香味,香水,线索,嗅觉;v.嗅,发觉 | |
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64 mighty | |
adj.强有力的;巨大的 | |
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65 engraved | |
v.在(硬物)上雕刻(字,画等)( engrave的过去式和过去分词 );将某事物深深印在(记忆或头脑中) | |
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66 gorgon | |
n.丑陋女人,蛇发女怪 | |
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67 embroidery | |
n.绣花,刺绣;绣制品 | |
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68 auction | |
n.拍卖;拍卖会;vt.拍卖 | |
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69 trumpeting | |
大声说出或宣告(trumpet的现在分词形式) | |
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70 astonishment | |
n.惊奇,惊异 | |
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71 darted | |
v.投掷,投射( dart的过去式和过去分词 );向前冲,飞奔 | |
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72 simile | |
n.直喻,明喻 | |
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73 precedents | |
引用单元; 范例( precedent的名词复数 ); 先前出现的事例; 前例; 先例 | |
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74 sprawling | |
adj.蔓生的,不规则地伸展的v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的现在分词 );蔓延;杂乱无序地拓展;四肢伸展坐着(或躺着) | |
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75 undoubtedly | |
adv.确实地,无疑地 | |
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76 plunder | |
vt.劫掠财物,掠夺;n.劫掠物,赃物;劫掠 | |
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77 wrath | |
n.愤怒,愤慨,暴怒 | |
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78 descended | |
a.为...后裔的,出身于...的 | |
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79 scattered | |
adj.分散的,稀疏的;散步的;疏疏落落的 | |
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80 blot | |
vt.弄脏(用吸墨纸)吸干;n.污点,污渍 | |
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81 yelping | |
v.发出短而尖的叫声( yelp的现在分词 ) | |
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82 prodigious | |
adj.惊人的,奇妙的;异常的;巨大的;庞大的 | |
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83 apprehend | |
vt.理解,领悟,逮捕,拘捕,忧虑 | |
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84 countenance | |
n.脸色,面容;面部表情;vt.支持,赞同 | |
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85 authoritative | |
adj.有权威的,可相信的;命令式的;官方的 | |
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86 intrepidity | |
n.大胆,刚勇;大胆的行为 | |
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87 veins | |
n.纹理;矿脉( vein的名词复数 );静脉;叶脉;纹理 | |
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88 brandished | |
v.挥舞( brandish的过去式和过去分词 );炫耀 | |
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89 posture | |
n.姿势,姿态,心态,态度;v.作出某种姿势 | |
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90 preponderate | |
v.数目超过;占优势 | |
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91 apprehension | |
n.理解,领悟;逮捕,拘捕;忧虑 | |
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92 fixed | |
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的 | |
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93 solely | |
adv.仅仅,唯一地 | |
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94 slaughtered | |
v.屠杀,杀戮,屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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95 Christians | |
n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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96 mischief | |
n.损害,伤害,危害;恶作剧,捣蛋,胡闹 | |
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97 accosted | |
v.走过去跟…讲话( accost的过去式和过去分词 );跟…搭讪;(乞丐等)上前向…乞讨;(妓女等)勾搭 | |
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98 favourable | |
adj.赞成的,称赞的,有利的,良好的,顺利的 | |
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99 uncommon | |
adj.罕见的,非凡的,不平常的 | |
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100 standing | |
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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101 badger | |
v.一再烦扰,一再要求,纠缠 | |
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102 facetious | |
adj.轻浮的,好开玩笑的 | |
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