King and Commons
WE saw but little of the commons of the isle1. At first we met them at the well, where they washed their linen2 and we drew water for the table. The combination was distasteful; and, having a tyrant3 at command, we applied4 to the king and had the place enclosed in our tapu. It was one of the few favours which Tembinok’ visibly boggled about granting, and it may be conceived how little popular it made the strangers. Many villagers passed us daily going afield; but they fetched a wide circuit round our tapu, and seemed to avert5 their looks. At times we went ourselves into the village — a strange place. Dutch by its canals, Oriental by the height and steepness of the roofs, which looked at dusk like temples; but we were rarely called into a house: no welcome, no friendship, was offered us; and of home life we had but the one view: the waking of a corpse6, a frigid7, painful scene: the widow holding on her lap the cold, bluish body of her husband, and now partaking of the refreshments8 which made the round of the company, now weeping and kissing the pale mouth. (’I fear you feel this affliction deeply,’ said the Scottish minister. ‘Eh, sir, and that I do!’ replied the widow. ‘I’ve been greetin’ a’ nicht; an’ noo I’m just gaun to sup this bit parritch, and then I’ll begin an’ greet again.’) In our walks abroad I have always supposed the islanders avoided us, perhaps from distaste, perhaps by order; and those whom we met we took generally by surprise. The surface of the isle is diversified9 with palm groves10, thickets11, and romantic dingles four feet deep, relics12 of old taro13 plantation14; and it is thus possible to stumble unawares on folk resting or hiding from their work. About pistol — shot from our township there lay a pond in the bottom of a jungle; here the maids of the isle came to bathe, and were several times alarmed by our intrusion. Not for them are the bright cold rivers of Tahiti or Upolu, not for them to splash and laugh in the hour of the dusk with a villageful of gay companions; but to steal here solitary15, to crouch16 in a place like a cow-wallow, and wash (if that can be called washing) in lukewarm mud, brown as their own skins. Other, but still rare, encounters occur to my memory. I was several times arrested by a tender sound in the bush of voices talking, soft as flutes17 and with quiet intonations19. Hope told a flattering tale; I put aside the leaves; and behold20! in place of the expected dryads, a pair of all too solid ladies squatting21 over a clay pipe in the ungraceful RIDI. The beauty of the voice and the eye was all that remained to those vast dames22; but that of the voice was indeed exquisite23. It is strange I should have never heard a more winning sound of speech, yet the dialect should be one remarkable24 for violent, ugly, and outlandish vocables; so that Tembinok’ himself declared it made him weary, and professed25 to find repose26 in talking English.
The state of this folk, of whom I saw so little, I can merely guess at. The king himself explains the situation with some art. ‘No; I no pay them,’ he once said. ‘I give them tobacco. They work for me ALL THE SAME BROTHERS.’ It is true there was a brother once in Arden! But we prefer the shorter word. They bear every servile mark, — levity27 like a child’s, incurable28 idleness, incurious content. The insolence29 of the cook was a trait of his own; not so his levity, which he shared with the innocent Uncle Parker. With equal unconcern both gambolled30 under the shadow of the gallows31, and took liberties with death that might have surprised a careless student of man’s nature. I wrote of Parker that he behaved like a boy of ten: what was he else, being a slave of sixty? He had passed all his years in school, fed, clad, thought for, commanded; and had grown familiar and coquetted with the fear of punishment. By terror you may drive men long, but not far. Here, in Apemama, they work at the constant and the instant peril32 of their lives; and are plunged33 in a kind of lethargy of laziness. It is common to see one go afield in his stiff mat ungirt, so that he walks elbows-in like a trussed fowl35; and whatsoever36 his right hand findeth to do, the other must be off duty holding on his clothes. It is common to see two men carrying between them on a pole a single bucket of water. To make two bites of a cherry is good enough: to make two burthens of a soldier’s kit37, for a distance of perhaps half a furlong, passes measure. Woman, being the less childish animal, is less relaxed by servile conditions. Even in the king’s absence, even when they were alone, I have seen Apemama women work with constancy. But the outside to be hoped for in a man is that he may attack his task in little languid fits, and lounge between-whiles. So I have seen a painter, with his pipe going, and a friend by the studio fireside. You might suppose the race to lack civility, even vitality38, until you saw them in the dance. Night after night, and sometimes day after day, they rolled out their choruses in the great Speak House — solemn andantes and adagios39, led by the clapped hand, and delivered with an energy that shook the roof. The time was not so slow, though it was slow for the islands; but I have chosen rather to indicate the effect upon the hearer. Their music had a church-like character from near at hand, and seemed to European ears more regular than the run of island music. Twice I have heard a discord40 regularly solved. From farther off, heard at Equator Town for instance, the measures rose and fell and crepitated like the barking of hounds in a distant kennel41.
The slaves are certainly not overworked — children of ten do more without fatigue42 — and the Apemama labourers have holidays, when the singing begins early in the afternoon. The diet is hard; copra and a sweetmeat of pounded pandanus are the only dishes I observed outside the palace; but there seems no defect in quantity, and the king shares with them his turtles. Three came in a boat from Kuria during our stay; one was kept for the palace, one sent to us, one presented to the village. It is the habit of the islanders to cook the turtle in its carapace43; we had been promised the shells, and we asked a tapu on this foolish practice. The face of Tembinok’ darkened and he answered nothing. Hesitation44 in the question of the well I could understand, for water is scarce on a low island; that he should refuse to interfere45 upon a point of cookery was more than I had dreamed of; and I gathered (rightly or wrongly) that he was scrupulous46 of touching47 in the least degree the private life and habits of his slaves. So that even here, in full despotism, public opinion has weight; even here, in the midst of slavery, freedom has a corner.
Orderly, sober, and innocent, life flows in the isle from day to day as in a model plantation under a model planter. It is impossible to doubt the beneficence of that stern rule. A curious politeness, a soft and gracious manner, something effeminate and courtly, distinguishes the islanders of Apemama; it is talked of by all the traders, it was felt even by residents so little beloved as ourselves, and noticeable even in the cook, and even in that scoundrel’s hours of insolence. The king, with his manly48 and plain bearing, stood out alone; you might say he was the only Gilbert Islander in Apemama. Violence, so common in Butaritari, seems unknown. So are theft and drunkenness. I am assured the experiment has been made of leaving sovereigns on the beach before the village; they lay there untouched. In all our time on the island I was but once asked for drink. This was by a mighty49 plausible50 fellow, wearing European clothes and speaking excellent English — Tamaiti his name, or, as the whites have now corrupted51 it, ‘Tom White’: one of the king’s supercargoes at three pounds a month and a percentage, a medical man besides, and in his private hours a wizard. He found me one day in the outskirts52 of the village, in a secluded53 place, hot and private, where the taro-pits are deep and the plants high. Here he buttonholed me, and, looking about him like a conspirator54, inquired if I had gin.
I told him I had. He remarked that gin was forbidden, lauded55 the prohibition56 a while, and then went on to explain that he was a doctor, or ‘dogstar’ as he pronounced the word, that gin was necessary to him for his medical infusions57, that he was quite out of it, and that he would be obliged to me for some in a bottle. I told him I had passed the king my word on landing; but since his case was so exceptional, I would go down to the palace at once, and had no doubt that Tembinok’ would set me free. Tom White was immediately overwhelmed with embarrassment58 and terror, besought59 me in the most moving terms not to betray him, and fled my neighbourhood. He had none of the cook’s valour; it was weeks before he dared to meet my eye; and then only by the order of the king and on particular business.
The more I viewed and admired this triumph of firm rule, the more I was haunted and troubled by a problem, the problem (perhaps) of to — morrow for ourselves. Here was a people protected from all serious misfortune, relieved of all serious anxieties, and deprived of what we call our liberty. Did they like it? and what was their sentiment toward the ruler? The first question I could not of course ask, nor perhaps the natives answer. Even the second was delicate; yet at last, and under charming and strange circumstances, I found my opportunity to put it and a man to reply. It was near the full of the moon, with a delicious breeze; the isle was bright as day — to sleep would have been sacrilege; and I walked in the bush, playing my pipe. It must have been the sound of what I am pleased to call my music that attracted in my direction another wanderer of the night. This was a young man attired60 in a fine mat, and with a garland on his hair, for he was new come from dancing and singing in the public hall; and his body, his face, and his eyes were all of an enchanting61 beauty. Every here and there in the Gilberts youths are to be found of this absurd perfection; I have seen five of us pass half an hour in admiration62 of a boy at Mariki; and Te Kop (my friend in the fine mat and garland) I had already several times remarked, and long ago set down as the loveliest animal in Apemama. The philtre of admiration must be very strong, or these natives specially63 susceptible64 to its effects, for I have scarce ever admired a person in the islands but what he has sought my particular acquaintance. So it was with Te Kop. He led me to the ocean side; and for an hour or two we sat smoking and talking on the resplendent sand and under the ineffable65 brightness of the moon. My friend showed himself very sensible of the beauty and amenity66 of the hour. ‘Good night! Good wind!’ he kept exclaiming, and as he said the words he seemed to hug myself. I had long before invented such reiterated67 expressions of delight for a character (Felipe, in the story of OLALLA) intended to be partly bestial68. But there was nothing bestial in Te Kop; only a childish pleasure in the moment. He was no less pleased with his companion, or was good enough to say so; honoured me, before he left, by calling me Te Kop; apostrophised me as ‘My name!’ with an intonation18 exquisitely69 tender, laying his hand at the same time swiftly on my knee; and after we had risen, and our paths began to separate in the bush, twice cried to me with a sort of gentle ecstasy70, ‘I like you too much!’ From the beginning he had made no secret of his terror of the king; would not sit down nor speak above a whisper till he had put the whole breadth of the isle between himself and his monarch71, then harmlessly asleep; and even there, even within a stone-cast of the outer sea, our talk covered by the sound of the surf and the rattle72 of the wind among the palms, continued to speak guardedly, softening73 his silver voice (which rang loud enough in the chorus) and looking about him like a man in fear of spies. The strange thing is that I should have beheld74 him no more. In any other island in the whole South Seas, if I had advanced half as far with any native, he would have been at my door next morning, bringing and expecting gifts. But Te Kop vanished in the bush for ever. My house, of course, was unapproachable; but he knew where to find me on the ocean beach, where I went daily. I was the KAUPOI, the rich man; my tobacco and trade were known to be endless: he was sure of a present. I am at a loss how to explain his behaviour, unless it be supposed that he recalled with terror and regret a passage in our interview. Here it is:
‘The king, he good man?’ I asked.
‘Suppose he like you, he good man,’ replied Te Kop: ‘no like, no good.’
That is one way of putting it, of course. Te Kop himself was probably no favourite, for he scarce appealed to my judgment75 as a type of industry. And there must be many others whom the king (to adhere to the formula) does not like. Do these unfortunates like the king? Or is not rather the repulsion mutual76? and the conscientious77 Tembinok’, like the conscientious Braxfield before him, and many other conscientious rulers and judges before either, surrounded by a considerable body of ‘grumbletonians’? Take the cook, for instance, when he passed us by, blue with rage and terror. He was very wroth with me; I think by all the old principles of human nature he was not very well pleased with his sovereign. It was the rich man he sought to waylay78: I think it must have been by the turn of a hair that it was not the king he waylaid79 instead. And the king gives, or seems to give, plenty of opportunities; day and night he goes abroad alone, whether armed or not I can but guess; and the taro-patches, where his business must so often carry him, seem designed for assassination80. The case of the cook was heavy indeed to my conscience. I did not like to kill my enemy at second-hand81; but had I a right to conceal82 from the king, who had trusted me, the dangerous secret character of his attendant? And suppose the king should fall, what would be the fate of the king’s friends? It was our opinion at the time that we should pay dear for the closing of the well; that our breath was in the king’s nostrils83; that if the king should by any chance be bludgeoned in a taro-patch, the philosophical84 and musical inhabitants of Equator Town might lay aside their pleasant instruments, and betake themselves to what defence they had, with a very dim prospect85 of success. These speculations86 were forced upon us by an incident which I am ashamed to betray. The schooner87 H. L. HASELTINE (since capsized at sea, with the loss of eleven lives) put into Apemama in a good hour for us, who had near exhausted88 our supplies. The king, after his habit, spent day after day on board; the gin proved unhappily to his taste; he brought a store of it ashore90 with him; and for some time the sole tyrant of the isle was half-seas-over. He was not drunk — the man is not a drunkard, he has always stores of liquor at hand, which he uses with moderation, — but he was muzzy, dull, and confused. He came one day to lunch with us, and while the cloth was being laid fell asleep in his chair. His confusion, when he awoke and found he had been detected, was equalled by our uneasiness. When he was gone we sat and spoke91 of his peril, which we thought to be in some degree our own; of how easily the man might be surprised in such a state by GRUMBLETONIANS; of the strange scenes that would follow — the royal treasures and stores at the mercy of the rabble92, the palace overrun, the garrison93 of women turned adrift. And as we talked we were startled by a gun-shot and a sudden, barbaric outcry. I believe we all changed colour; but it was only the king firing at a dog and the chorus striking up in the Speak House. A day or two later I learned the king was very sick; went down, diagnosed the case; and took at once the highest medical degree by the exhibition of bicarbonate of soda94. Within the hour Richard was himself again; and I found him at the unfinished house, enjoying the double pleasure of directing Rubam and making a dinner of cocoa-nut dumplings, and all eagerness to have the formula of this new sort of PAIN-KILLER— for PAIN-KILLER in the islands is the generic95 name of medicine. So ended the king’s modest spree and our anxiety.
On the face of things, I ought to say, loyalty96 appeared unshaken. When the schooner at last returned for us, after much experience of baffling winds, she brought a rumour97 that Tebureimoa had declared war on Apemama. Tembinok’ became a new man; his face radiant; his attitude, as I saw him preside over a council of chiefs in one of the palace maniap’s, eager as a boy’s; his voice sounding abroad, shrill98 and jubilant, over half the compound. War is what he wants, and here was his chance. The English captain, when he flung his arms in the lagoon99, had forbidden him (except in one case) all military adventures in the future: here was the case arrived. All morning the council sat; men were drilled, arms were bought, the sound of firing disturbed the afternoon; the king devised and communicated to me his plan of campaign, which was highly elaborate and ingenious, but perhaps a trifle fine-spun for the rough and random100 vicissitudes101 of war. And in all this bustle102 the temper of the people appeared excellent, an unwonted animation103 in every face, and even Uncle Parker burning with military zeal104.
Of course it was a false alarm. Tebureimoa had other fish to fry. The ambassador who accompanied us on our return to Butaritari found him retired105 to a small island on the reef, in a huff with the Old Men, a tiff34 with the traders, and more fear of insurrection at home than appetite for wars abroad. The plenipotentiary had been placed under my protection; and we solemnly saluted106 when we met. He proved an excellent fisherman, and caught bonito over the ship’s side. He pulled a good oar89, and made himself useful for a whole fiery107 afternoon, towing the becalmed EQUATOR off Mariki. He went to his post and did no good. He returned home again, having done no harm. O SI SIC OMNES!
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isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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linen
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| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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avert
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| v.防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等) | |
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corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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frigid
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| adj.寒冷的，凛冽的；冷淡的；拘禁的 | |
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refreshments
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| n.点心,便餐;(会议后的)简单茶点招 待 | |
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diversified
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| adj.多样化的，多种经营的v.使多样化，多样化( diversify的过去式和过去分词 )；进入新的商业领域 | |
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groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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thickets
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| n.灌木丛( thicket的名词复数 )；丛状物 | |
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relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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taro
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| n.芋，芋头 | |
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plantation
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| n.种植园，大农场 | |
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solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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crouch
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| v.蹲伏，蜷缩，低头弯腰；n.蹲伏 | |
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flutes
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| 长笛( flute的名词复数 )； 细长香槟杯（形似长笛） | |
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intonation
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| n.语调，声调；发声 | |
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intonations
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| n.语调，说话的抑扬顿挫( intonation的名词复数 )；（演奏或唱歌中的）音准 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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squatting
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| v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的现在分词 )；非法擅自占用（土地或房屋）；为获得其所有权；而占用某片公共用地。 | |
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dames
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| n.（在英国）夫人（一种封号），夫人（爵士妻子的称号）( dame的名词复数 )；女人 | |
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exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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levity
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| n.轻率，轻浮，不稳定，多变 | |
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incurable
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| adj.不能医治的，不能矫正的，无救的；n.不治的病人，无救的人 | |
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insolence
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| n.傲慢；无礼；厚颜；傲慢的态度 | |
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gambolled
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| v.蹦跳，跳跃，嬉戏( gambol的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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gallows
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| n.绞刑架，绞台 | |
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peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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tiff
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| n.小争吵，生气 | |
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fowl
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| n.家禽，鸡，禽肉 | |
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whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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kit
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| n.用具包，成套工具；随身携带物 | |
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vitality
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| n.活力，生命力，效力 | |
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adagios
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| n.柔板( adagio的名词复数 )；慢板；柔板乐章；（男女二人或三人舞时女角保持高难度平衡的）缓慢动作 | |
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discord
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| n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐 | |
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kennel
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| n.狗舍，狗窝 | |
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fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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carapace
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| n.（蟹或龟的）甲壳 | |
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hesitation
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| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
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interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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scrupulous
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| adj.审慎的，小心翼翼的，完全的，纯粹的 | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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plausible
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| adj.似真实的，似乎有理的，似乎可信的 | |
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corrupted
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| （使）败坏( corrupt的过去式和过去分词 )； （使）腐化； 引起（计算机文件等的）错误； 破坏 | |
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outskirts
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| n.郊外，郊区 | |
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secluded
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| adj.与世隔绝的；隐退的；偏僻的v.使隔开，使隐退( seclude的过去式和过去分词) | |
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conspirator
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| n.阴谋者，谋叛者 | |
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lauded
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| v.称赞，赞美( laud的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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prohibition
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| n.禁止；禁令，禁律 | |
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infusions
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| n.沏或泡成的浸液（如茶等）( infusion的名词复数 )；注入，注入物 | |
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embarrassment
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| n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫 | |
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besought
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| v.恳求，乞求（某事物）( beseech的过去式和过去分词 )；(beseech的过去式与过去分词) | |
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attired
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| adj.穿着整齐的v.使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装( attire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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enchanting
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| a.讨人喜欢的 | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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63
specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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susceptible
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| adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的 | |
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ineffable
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| adj.无法表达的，不可言喻的 | |
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amenity
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| n.pl.生活福利设施，文娱康乐场所；（不可数）愉快，适意 | |
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reiterated
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| 反复地说，重申( reiterate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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bestial
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| adj.残忍的；野蛮的 | |
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exquisitely
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| adv.精致地；强烈地；剧烈地；异常地 | |
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ecstasy
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| n.狂喜，心醉神怡，入迷 | |
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monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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72
rattle
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| v.飞奔，碰响；激怒；n.碰撞声；拨浪鼓 | |
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73
softening
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| 变软，软化 | |
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beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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conscientious
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| adj.审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的 | |
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waylay
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| v.埋伏，伏击 | |
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waylaid
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| v.拦截，拦路( waylay的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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assassination
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| n.暗杀；暗杀事件 | |
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second-hand
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| adj.用过的，旧的，二手的 | |
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conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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nostrils
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| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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philosophical
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| adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的 | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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speculations
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| n.投机买卖( speculation的名词复数 )；思考；投机活动；推断 | |
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schooner
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| n.纵帆船 | |
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exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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oar
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| n.桨，橹，划手；v.划行 | |
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ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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rabble
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| n.乌合之众，暴民；下等人 | |
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garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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soda
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| n.苏打水；汽水 | |
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generic
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| adj.一般的，普通的，共有的 | |
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loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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rumour
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| n.谣言，谣传，传闻 | |
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shrill
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| adj.尖声的；刺耳的；v尖叫 | |
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lagoon
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| n.泻湖，咸水湖 | |
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random
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| adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动 | |
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101
vicissitudes
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| n.变迁，世事变化；变迁兴衰( vicissitude的名词复数 )；盛衰兴废 | |
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102
bustle
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| v.喧扰地忙乱，匆忙，奔忙；n.忙碌；喧闹 | |
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103
animation
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| n.活泼，兴奋，卡通片／动画片的制作 | |
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104
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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105
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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106
saluted
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的过去式和过去分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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107
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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