The new queen was almost entirely1 unknown to her subjects. In her public appearances her mother had invariably dominated the scene. Her private life had been that of a novice2 in a convent: hardly a human being from the outside world had ever spoken to her; and no human being at all, except her mother and the Baroness5 Lehzen, had ever been alone with her in a room. Thus it was not only the public at large that was in ignorance of everything concerning her; the inner circles of statesmen and officials and high-born ladies were equally in the dark. When she suddenly emerged from this deep obscurity, the impression that she created was immediate7 and profound. Her bearing at her first Council filled the whole gathering8 with astonishment9 and admiration10; the Duke of Wellington, Sir Robert Peel, even the savage11 Croker, even the cold and caustic12 Greville — all were completely carried away. Everything that was reported of her subsequent proceedings13 seemed to be of no less happy augury15. Her perceptions were quick, her decisions were sensible, her language was discreet16; she performed her royal duties with extraordinary facility. Among the outside public there was a great wave of enthusiasm. Sentiment and romance were coming into fashion; and the spectacle of the little girl-queen, innocent, modest, with fair hair and pink cheeks, driving through her capital, filled the hearts of the beholders with raptures18 of affectionate loyalty19. What, above all, struck everybody with overwhelming force was the contrast between Queen Victoria and her uncles. The nasty old men, debauched and selfish, pig-headed and ridiculous, with their perpetual burden of debts, confusions, and disreputabilities — they had vanished like the snows of winter, and here at last, crowned and radiant, was the spring. Lord John Russell, in an elaborate oration20, gave voice to the general sentiment. He hoped that Victoria might prove an Elizabeth without her tyranny, an Anne without her weakness. He asked England to pray that the illustrious Princess who had just ascended21 the throne with the purest intentions and the justest desires might see slavery abolished, crime diminished, and education improved. He trusted that her people would henceforward derive22 their strength, their conduct, and their loyalty from enlightened religious and moral principles, and that, so fortified23, the reign24 of Victoria might prove celebrated25 to posterity26 and to all the nations of the earth.
Very soon, however, there were signs that the future might turn out to be not quite so simple and roseate as a delighted public dreamed. The “illustrious Princess” might perhaps, after all, have something within her which squared ill with the easy vision of a well-conducted heroine in an edifying27 story-book. The purest intentions and the justest desires? No doubt; but was that all? To those who watched closely, for instance, there might be something ominous28 in the curious contour of that little mouth. When, after her first Council, she crossed the ante-room and found her mother waiting for her, she said, “And now, Mamma, am I really and truly Queen?” “You see, my dear, that it is so.” “Then, dear Mamma, I hope you will grant me the first request I make to you, as Queen. Let me be by myself for an hour.” For an hour she remained in solitude29. Then she reappeared, and gave a significant order: her bed was to be moved out of her mother’s room. It was the doom30 of the Duchess of Kent. The long years of waiting were over at last; the moment of a lifetime had come; her daughter was Queen of England; and that very moment brought her own annihilation. She found herself, absolutely and irretrievably, shut off from every vestige31 of influence, of confidence, of power. She was surrounded, indeed, by all the outward signs of respect and consideration; but that only made the inward truth of her position the more intolerable. Through the mingled32 formalities of Court etiquette33 and filial duty, she could never penetrate34 to Victoria. She was unable to conceal35 her disappointment and her rage. “Il n’y a plus d’avenir pour moi,” she exclaimed to Madame de Lieven; “je ne suis plus rien.” For eighteen years, she said, this child had been the sole object of her existence, of her thoughts, her hopes, and now — no! she would not be comforted, she had lost everything, she was to the last degree unhappy. Sailing, so gallantly36 and so pertinaciously37, through the buffeting38 storms of life, the stately vessel39, with sails still swelling40 and pennons flying, had put into harbour at last; to find there nothing — a land of bleak41 desolation.
Within a month of the accession, the realities of the new situation assumed a visible shape. The whole royal household moved from Kensington to Buckingham Palace, and, in the new abode42, the Duchess of Kent was given a suite43 of apartments entirely separate from the Queen’s. By Victoria herself the change was welcomed, though, at the moment of departure, she could afford to be sentimental44. “Though I rejoice to go into B. P. for many reasons,” she wrote in her diary, “it is not without feelings of regret that I shall bid adieu for ever to this my birthplace, where I have been born and bred, and to which I am really attached!” Her memory lingered for a moment over visions of the past: her sister’s wedding, pleasant balls and delicious concerts and there were other recollections. “I have gone through painful and disagreeable scenes here, ’tis true,” she concluded, “but still I am fond of the poor old palace.”
At the same time she took another decided45 step. She had determined46 that she would see no more of Sir John Conroy. She rewarded his past services with liberality: he was given a baronetcy and a pension of L3000 a year; he remained a member of the Duchess’s household, but his personal intercourse47 with the Queen came to an abrupt48 conclusion.
ii
It was clear that these interior changes — whatever else they might betoken49 — marked the triumph of one person — the Baroness Lehzen. The pastor’s daughter observed the ruin of her enemies. Discreet and victorious50, she remained in possession of the field. More closely than ever did she cleave51 to the side of her mistress, her pupil, and her friend; and in the recesses52 of the palace her mysterious figure was at once invisible and omnipresent. When the Queen’s Ministers came in at one door, the Baroness went out by another; when they retired53, she immediately returned. Nobody knew — nobody ever will know — the precise extent and the precise nature of her influence. She herself declared that she never discussed public affairs with the Queen, that she was concerned with private matters only — with private letters and the details of private life. Certainly her hand is everywhere discernible in Victoria’s early correspondence. The Journal is written in the style of a child; the Letters are not so simple; they are the work of a child, rearranged — with the minimum of alteration54, no doubt, and yet perceptibly — by a governess. And the governess was no fool: narrow, jealous, provincial55, she might be; but she was an acute and vigorous woman, who had gained by a peculiar56 insight, a peculiar ascendancy57. That ascendancy she meant to keep. No doubt it was true that technically58 she took no part in public business; but the distinction between what is public and what is private is always a subtle one; and in the case of a reigning59 sovereign — as the next few years were to show — it is often imaginary. Considering all things — the characters of the persons, and the character of the times — it was something more than a mere60 matter of private interest that the bedroom of Baroness Lehzen at Buckingham Palace should have been next door to the bedroom of the Queen.
But the influence wielded61 by the Baroness, supreme62 as it seemed within its own sphere, was not unlimited63; there were other forces at work. For one thing, the faithful Stockmar had taken up his residence in the palace. During the twenty years which had elapsed since the death of the Princess Charlotte, his experiences had been varied64 and remarkable65. The unknown counsellor of a disappointed princeling had gradually risen to a position of European importance. His devotion to his master had been not only whole — hearted but cautious and wise. It was Stockmar’s advice that had kept Prince Leopold in England during the critical years which followed his wife’s death, and had thus secured to him the essential requisite67 of a point d’appui in the country of his adoption68. It was Stockmar’s discretion69 which had smoothed over the embarrassments71 surrounding the Prince’s acceptance and rejection72 of the Greek crown. It was Stockmar who had induced the Prince to become the constitutional Sovereign of Belgium. Above all, it was Stockmar’s tact73, honesty, and diplomatic skill which, through a long series of arduous74 and complicated negotiations76, had led to the guarantee of Belgian neutrality by the Great Powers. His labours had been rewarded by a German barony and by the complete confidence of King Leopold. Nor was it only in Brussels that he was treated with respect and listened to with attention. The statesmen who governed England — Lord Grey, Sir Robert Peel, Lord Palmerston, Lord Melbourne — had learnt to put a high value upon his probity77 and his intelligence. “He is one of the cleverest fellows I ever saw,” said Lord Melbourne, “the most discreet man, the most well-judging, and most cool man.” And Lord Palmerston cited Baron4 Stockmar as the only absolutely disinterested78 man he had come across in life, At last he was able to retire to Coburg, and to enjoy for a few years the society of the wife and children whom his labours in the service of his master had hitherto only allowed him to visit at long intervals79 for a month or two at a time. But in 1836 he had been again entrusted80 with an important negotiation75, which he had brought to a successful conclusion in the marriage of Prince Ferdinand of Saxe–Coburg, a nephew of King Leopold’s, with Queen Maria II of Portugal. The House of Coburg was beginning to spread over Europe; and the establishment of the Baron at Buckingham Palace in 1837 was to be the prelude81 of another and a more momentous82 advance.
King Leopold and his counsellor provide in their careers an example of the curious diversity of human ambitions. The desires of man are wonderfully various; but no less various are the means by which those desires may reach satisfaction: and so the work of the world gets done. The correct mind of Leopold craved83 for the whole apparatus84 of royalty85. Mere power would have held no attractions for him; he must be an actual king — the crowned head of a people. It was not enough to do; it was essential also to be recognised; anything else would not be fitting. The greatness that he dreamt of was surrounded by every appropriate circumstance. To be a Majesty86, to be a cousin of Sovereigns, to marry a Bourbon for diplomatic ends, to correspond with the Queen of England, to be very stiff and very punctual, to found a dynasty, to bore ambassadresses into fits, to live, on the highest pinnacle87, an exemplary life devoted88 to the public service — such were his objects, and such, in fact, were his achievements. The “Marquis Peu-a-peu,” as George IV called him, had what he wanted. But this would never have been the case if it had not happened that the ambition of Stockmar took a form exactly complementary to his own. The sovereignty that the Baron sought for was by no means obvious. The satisfaction of his essential being lay in obscurity, in invisibility — in passing, unobserved, through a hidden entrance, into the very central chamber89 of power, and in sitting there, quietly, pulling the subtle strings90 that set the wheels of the whole world in motion. A very few people, in very high places, and exceptionally well-informed, knew that Baron Stockmar was a most important person: that was enough. The fortunes of the master and the servant, intimately interacting, rose together. The Baron’s secret skill had given Leopold his unexceptionable kingdom; and Leopold, in his turn, as time went on, was able to furnish the Baron with more and more keys to more and more back doors.
Stockmar took up his abode in the Palace partly as the emissary of King Leopold, but more particularly as the friend and adviser91 of a queen who was almost a child, and who, no doubt, would be much in need of advice and friendship. For it would be a mistake to suppose that either of these two men was actuated by a vulgar selfishness. The King, indeed, was very well aware on which side his bread was buttered; during an adventurous92 and chequered life he had acquired a shrewd knowledge of the world’s workings; and he was ready enough to use that knowledge to strengthen his position and to spread his influence. But then, the firmer his position and the wider his influence, the better for Europe; of that he was quite certain. And besides, he was a constitutional monarch93; and it would be highly indecorous in a constitutional monarch to have any aims that were low or personal.
As for Stockmar, the disinterestedness94 which Palmerston had noted95 was undoubtedly96 a basic element in his character. The ordinary schemer is always an optimist97; and Stockmar, racked by dyspepsia and haunted by gloomy forebodings, was a constitutionally melancholy98 man. A schemer, no doubt, he was; but he schemed distrustfully, splenetically, to do good. To do good! What nobler end could a man scheme for? Yet it is perilous99 to scheme at all.
With Lehzen to supervise every detail of her conduct, with Stockmar in the next room, so full of wisdom and experience of affairs, with her Uncle Leopold’s letters, too, pouring out so constantly their stream of encouragements, general reflections, and highly valuable tips, Victoria, even had she been without other guidance, would have stood in no lack of private counsellor. But other guidance she had; for all these influences paled before a new star, of the first magnitude, which, rising suddenly upon her horizon, immediately dominated her life.
iii
William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne, was fifty-eight years of age, and had been for the last three years Prime Minister of England. In every outward respect he was one of the most fortunate of mankind. He had been born into the midst of riches, brilliance101, and power. His mother, fascinating and intelligent, had been a great Whig hostess, and he had been bred up as a member of that radiant society which, during the last quarter of the eighteenth century, concentrated within itself the ultimate perfections of a hundred years of triumphant102 aristocracy. Nature had given him beauty and brains; the unexpected death of an elder brother brought him wealth, a peerage, and the possibility of high advancement103. Within that charmed circle, whatever one’s personal disabilities, it was difficult to fail; and to him, with all his advantages, success was well-nigh unavoidable. With little effort, he attained104 political eminence105. On the triumph of the Whigs he became one of the leading members of the Government; and when Lord Grey retired from the premiership he quietly stepped into the vacant place. Nor was it only in the visible signs of fortune that Fate had been kind to him. Bound to succeed, and to succeed easily, he was gifted with so fine a nature that his success became him. His mind, at once supple106 and copious107, his temperament109, at once calm and sensitive, enabled him not merely to work, but to live with perfect facility and with the grace of strength. In society he was a notable talker, a captivating companion, a charming man. If one looked deeper, one saw at once that he was not ordinary, that the piquancies of his conversation and his manner — his free-and-easy vaguenesses, his abrupt questions, his lollings and loungings, his innumerable oaths — were something more than an amusing ornament110, were the outward manifestation111 of an individuality that was fundamental.
The precise nature of this individuality was very difficult to gauge112: it was dubious113, complex, perhaps self — contradictory114. Certainly there was an ironical115 discordance116 between the inner history of the man and his apparent fortunes. He owed all he had to his birth, and his birth was shameful117; it was known well enough that his mother had passionately119 loved Lord Egremont, and that Lord Melbourne was not his father. His marriage, which had seemed to be the crown of his youthful ardours, was a long, miserable120, desperate failure: the incredible Lady Caroline, “With pleasures too refined to please, With too much spirit to be e’er at ease, With too much quickness to be ever taught, With too much thinking to have common thought,” was very nearly the destruction of his life. When at last he emerged from the anguish121 and confusion of her folly122, her extravagance, her rage, her despair, and her devotion, he was left alone with endless memories of intermingled farce123 and tragedy, and an only son, who was an imbecile. But there was something else that he owed to Lady Caroline. While she whirled with Byron in a hectic124 frenzy125 of love and fashion, he had stayed at home in an indulgence bordering on cynicism, and occupied his solitude with reading. It was thus that he had acquired those habits of study, that love of learning, and that wide and accurate knowledge of ancient and modern literature, which formed so unexpected a part of his mental equipment. His passion for reading never deserted126 him; even when he was Prime Minister he found time to master every new important book. With an incongruousness that was characteristic, his favourite study was theology. An accomplished127 classical scholar, he was deeply read in the Fathers of the Church; heavy volumes of commentary and exegesis128 he examined with scrupulous129 diligence; and at any odd moment he might be found turning over the pages of the Bible. To the ladies whom he most liked, he would lend some learned work on the Revelation, crammed130 with marginal notes in his own hand, or Dr. Lardner’s “Observations upon the Jewish Errors with respect to the Conversion131 of Mary Magdalene.” The more pious108 among them had high hopes that these studies would lead him into the right way; but of this there were no symptoms in his after-dinner conversations.
The paradox132 of his political career was no less curious. By temperament an aristocrat133, by conviction a conservative, he came to power as the leader of the popular party, the party of change. He had profoundly disliked the Reform Bill, which he had only accepted at last as a necessary evil; and the Reform Bill lay at the root of the very existence, of the very meaning, of his government. He was far too sceptical to believe in progress of any kind. Things were best as they were or rather, they were least bad. “You’d better try to do no good,” was one of his dictums, “and then you’ll get into no scrapes.” Education at best was futile134; education of the poor was positively135 dangerous. The factory children? “Oh, if you’d only have the goodness to leave them alone!” Free Trade was a delusion136; the ballot137 was nonsense; and there was no such thing as a democracy.
Nevertheless, he was not a reactionary138; he was simply an opportunist. The whole duty of government, he said, was “to prevent crime and to preserve contracts.” All one could really hope to do was to carry on. He himself carried on in a remarkable manner — with perpetual compromises, with fluctuations139 and contradictions, with every kind of weakness, and yet with shrewdness, with gentleness, even with conscientiousness140, and a light and airy mastery of men and of events. He conducted the transactions of business with extraordinary nonchalance141. Important persons, ushered142 up for some grave interview, found him in a towselled bed, littered with books and papers, or vaguely143 shaving in a dressing-room; but, when they went downstairs again, they would realise that somehow or other they had been pumped. When he had to receive a deputation, he could hardly ever do so with becoming gravity. The worthy144 delegates of the tallow-chandlers, or the Society for the Abolition145 of Capital Punishment, were distressed146 and mortified147 when, in the midst of their speeches, the Prime Minister became absorbed in blowing a feather, or suddenly cracked an unseemly joke. How could they have guessed that he had spent the night before diligently149 getting up the details of their case? He hated patronage150 and the making of appointments — a feeling rare in Ministers. “As for the Bishops,” he burst out, “I positively believe they die to vex152 me.” But when at last the appointment was made, it was made with keen discrimination. His colleagues observed another symptom — was it of his irresponsibility or his wisdom? He went to sleep in the Cabinet.
Probably, if he had been born a little earlier, he would have been a simpler and a happier man. As it was, he was a child of the eighteenth century whose lot was cast in a new, difficult, unsympathetic age. He was an autumn rose. With all his gracious amenity153, his humour, his happy-go-lucky ways, a deep disquietude possessed154 him. A sentimental cynic, a sceptical believer, he was restless and melancholy at heart. Above all, he could never harden himself; those sensitive petals155 shivered in every wind. Whatever else he might be, one thing was certain: Lord Melbourne was always human, supremely156 human — too human, perhaps.
And now, with old age upon him, his life took a sudden, new, extraordinary turn. He became, in the twinkling of an eye, the intimate adviser and the daily companion of a young girl who had stepped all at once from a nursery to a throne. His relations with women had been, like everything else about him, ambiguous. Nobody had ever been able quite to gauge the shifting, emotional complexities157 of his married life; Lady Caroline vanished; but his peculiar susceptibilities remained. Female society of some kind or other was necessary to him, and he did not stint158 himself; a great part of every day was invariably spent in it. The feminine element in him made it easy, made it natural and inevitable159 for him to be the friend of a great many women; but the masculine element in him was strong as well. In such circumstances it is also easy, it is even natural, perhaps it is even inevitable, to be something more than a friend. There were rumours160 and combustions. Lord Melbourne was twice a co-respondent in a divorce action; but on each occasion he won his suit. The lovely Lady Brandon, the unhappy and brilliant Mrs. Norton . . . the law exonerated161 them both. Beyond that hung an impenetrable veil. But at any rate it was clear that, with such a record, the Prime Minister’s position in Buckingham Palace must be a highly delicate one. However, he was used to delicacies162, and he met the situation with consummate163 success. His behaviour was from the first moment impeccable. His manner towards the young Queen mingled, with perfect facility, the watchfulness164 and the respect of a statesman and a courtier with the tender solicitude165 of a parent. He was at once reverential and affectionate, at once the servant and the guide. At the same time the habits of his life underwent a surprising change. His comfortable, unpunctual days became subject to the unaltering routine of a palace; no longer did he sprawl166 on sofas; not a single “damn” escaped his lips. The man of the world who had been the friend of Byron and the regent, the talker whose paradoxes167 had held Holland House enthralled168, the cynic whose ribaldries had enlivened so many deep potations, the lover whose soft words had captivated such beauty and such passion and such wit, might now be seen, evening after evening, talking with infinite politeness to a schoolgirl, bolt upright, amid the silence and the rigidity169 of Court etiquette.
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On her side, Victoria was instantaneously fascinated by Lord Melbourne. The good report of Stockmar had no doubt prepared the way; Lehzen was wisely propitiated170; and the first highly favourable171 impression was never afterwards belied172. She found him perfect; and perfect in her sight he remained. Her absolute and unconcealed adoration173 was very natural; what innocent young creature could have resisted, in any circumstances, the charm and the devotion of such a man? But, in her situation, there was a special influence which gave a peculiar glow to all she felt. After years of emptiness and dullness and suppression, she had come suddenly, in the heyday174 of youth, into freedom and power. She was mistress of herself, of great domains175 and palaces; she was Queen of England. Responsibilities and difficulties she might have, no doubt, and in heavy measure; but one feeling dominated and absorbed all others — the feeling of joy. Everything pleased her. She was in high spirits from morning till night. Mr. Creevey, grown old now, and very near his end, catching176 a glimpse of her at Brighton, was much amused, in his sharp fashion, by the ingenuous177 gaiety of “little Vic.” “A more homely178 little being you never beheld179, when she is at her ease, and she is evidently dying to be always more so. She laughs in real earnest, opening her mouth as wide as it can go, showing not very pretty gums . . . She eats quite as heartily180 as she laughs, I think I may say she gobbles . . . She blushes and laughs every instant in so natural a way as to disarm181 anybody.” But it was not merely when she was laughing or gobbling that she enjoyed herself; the performance of her official duties gave her intense satisfaction. “I really have immensely to do,” she wrote in her Journal a few days after her accession; “I receive so many communications from my Ministers, but I like it very much.” And again, a week later, “I repeat what I said before that I have so many communications from the Ministers, and from me to them, and I get so many papers to sign every day, that I have always a very great deal to do. I delight in this work.” Through the girl’s immaturity182 the vigorous predestined tastes of the woman were pushing themselves into existence with eager velocity183, with delicious force.
One detail of her happy situation deserves particular mention. Apart from the splendour of her social position and the momentousness184 of her political one, she was a person of great wealth. As soon as Parliament met, an annuity185 of L385,000 was settled upon her. When the expenses of her household had been discharged, she was left with L68,000 a year of her own. She enjoyed besides the revenues of the Duchy of Lancaster, which amounted annually186 to over L27,000. The first use to which she put her money was characteristic: she paid off her father’s debts. In money matters, no less than in other matters, she was determined to be correct. She had the instincts of a man of business; and she never could have borne to be in a position that was financially unsound.
With youth and happiness gilding187 every hour, the days passed merrily enough. And each day hinged upon Lord Melbourne. Her diary shows us, with undiminished clarity, the life of the young sovereign during the early months of her reign — a life satisfactorily regular, full of delightful188 business, a life of simple pleasures, mostly physical — riding, eating, dancing — a quick, easy, highly unsophisticated life, sufficient unto itself. The light of the morning is upon it; and, in the rosy189 radiance, the figure of “Lord M.” emerges, glorified190 and supreme. If she is the heroine of the story, he is the hero; but indeed they are more than hero and heroine, for there are no other characters at all. Lehzen, the Baron, Uncle Leopold, are unsubstantial shadows — the incidental supers of the piece. Her paradise was peopled by two persons, and surely that was enough. One sees them together still, a curious couple, strangely united in those artless pages, under the magical illumination of that dawn of eighty years ago: the polished high fine gentleman with the whitening hair and whiskers and the thick dark eyebrows191 and the mobile lips and the big expressive192 eyes; and beside him the tiny Queen — fair, slim, elegant, active, in her plain girl’s dress and little tippet, looking up at him earnestly, adoringly, with eyes blue and projecting, and half-open mouth. So they appear upon every page of the Journal; upon every page Lord M. is present, Lord M. is speaking, Lord M. is being amusing, instructive, delightful, and affectionate at once, while Victoria drinks in the honied words, laughs till she shows her gums, tries hard to remember, and runs off, as soon as she is left alone, to put it all down. Their long conversations touched upon a multitude of topics. Lord M. would criticise193 books, throw out a remark or two on the British Constitution, make some passing reflections on human life, and tell story after story of the great people of the eighteenth century. Then there would be business a despatch194 perhaps from Lord Durham in Canada, which Lord M. would read. But first he must explain a little. “He said that I must know that Canada originally belonged to the French, and was only ceded195 to the English in 1760, when it was taken in an expedition under Wolfe: ‘a very daring enterprise,’ he said. Canada was then entirely French, and the British only came afterwards . . . Lord M. explained this very clearly (and much better than I have done) and said a good deal more about it. He then read me Durham’s despatch, which is a very long one and took him more than 1/2 an hour to read. Lord M. read it beautifully with that fine soft voice of his, and with so much expression, so that it is needless to say I was much interested by it.” And then the talk would take a more personal turn. Lord M. would describe his boyhood, and she would learn that “he wore his hair long, as all boys then did, till he was 17; (how handsome he must have looked!).” Or she would find out about his queer tastes and habits — how he never carried a watch, which seemed quite extraordinary. “‘I always ask the servant what o’clock it is, and then he tells me what he likes,’ said Lord M.” Or, as the rooks wheeled about round the trees, “in a manner which indicated rain,” he would say that he could sit looking at them for an hour, and “was quite surprised at my disliking them. M. said, ‘The rooks are my delight.’”
The day’s routine, whether in London or at Windsor, was almost invariable. The morning was devoted to business and Lord M. In the afternoon the whole Court went out riding. The Queen, in her velvet196 riding — habit and a top-hat with a veil draped about the brim, headed the cavalcade197; and Lord M. rode beside her. The lively troupe198 went fast and far, to the extreme exhilaration of Her Majesty. Back in the Palace again, there was still time for a little more fun before dinner — a game of battledore and shuttlecock perhaps, or a romp199 along the galleries with some children. Dinner came, and the ceremonial decidedly tightened200. The gentleman of highest rank sat on the right hand of the Queen; on her left — it soon became an established rule — sat Lord Melbourne. After the ladies had left the dining-room, the gentlemen were not permitted to remain behind for very long; indeed, the short time allowed them for their wine-drinking formed the subject — so it was rumoured201 — of one of the very few disputes between the Queen and her Prime Minister;2 but her determination carried the day, and from that moment after-dinner drunkenness began to go out of fashion. When the company was reassembled in the drawing-room the etiquette was stiff. For a few moments the Queen spoke3 in turn to each one of her guests; and during these short uneasy colloquies202 the aridity203 of royalty was apt to become painfully evident. One night Mr. Greville, the Clerk of the Privy204 Council, was present; his turn soon came; the middle-aged205, hard-faced viveur was addressed by his young hostess. “Have you been riding to-day, Mr. Greville?” asked the Queen. “No, Madam, I have not,” replied Mr. Greville. “It was a fine day,” continued the Queen. “Yes, Madam, a very fine day,” said Mr. Greville. “It was rather cold, though,” said the Queen. “It was rather cold, Madam,” said Mr. Greville. “Your sister, Lady Frances Egerton, rides, I think, doesn’t she?” said the Queen. “She does ride sometimes, Madam,” said Mr. Greville. There was a pause, after which Mr. Greville ventured to take the lead, though he did not venture to change the subject. “Has your Majesty been riding today?” asked Mr. Greville. “Oh yes, a very long ride,” answered the Queen with animation206. “Has your Majesty got a nice horse?” said Mr. Greville. “Oh, a very nice horse,” said the Queen. It was over. Her Majesty gave a smile and an inclination207 of the head, Mr. Greville a profound bow, and the next conversation began with the next gentleman. When all the guests had been disposed of, the Duchess of Kent sat down to her whist, while everybody else was ranged about the round table. Lord Melbourne sat beside the Queen, and talked pertinaciously — very often a propos to the contents of one of the large albums of engravings with which the round table was covered — until it was half-past eleven and time to go to bed.
2 The Duke of Bedford told Greville he was “sure there was a battle between her and Melbourne . . . He is sure there was one about the men’s sitting after dinner, for he heard her say to him rather angrily, ‘it is a horrid208 custom-’ but when the ladies left the room (he dined there) directions were given that the men should remain five minutes longer.” Greville Memoirs209, February 26, 1840 (unpublished).
Occasionally, there were little diversions: the evening might be spent at the opera or at the play. Next morning the royal critic was careful to note down her impressions. “It was Shakespeare’s tragedy of Hamlet, and we came in at the beginning of it. Mr. Charles Kean (son of old Kean) acted the part of Hamlet, and I must say beautifully. His conception of this very difficult, and I may almost say incomprehensible, character is admirable; his delivery of all the fine long speeches quite beautiful; he is excessively graceful210 and all his actions and attitudes are good, though not at all good-looking in face . . . I came away just as Hamlet was over.” Later on, she went to see Macready in King Lear. The story was new to her; she knew nothing about it, and at first she took very little interest in what was passing on the stage; she preferred to chatter211 and laugh with the Lord Chamberlain. But, as the play went on, her mood changed; her attention was fixed212, and then she laughed no more. Yet she was puzzled; it seemed a strange, a horrible business. What did Lord M. think? Lord M. thought it was a very fine play, but to be sure, “a rough, coarse play, written for those times, with exaggerated characters.” “I’m glad you’ve seen it,” he added. But, undoubtedly, the evenings which she enjoyed most were those on which there was dancing. She was always ready enough to seize any excuse — the arrival of cousins — a birthday — a gathering of young people — to give the command for that. Then, when the band played, and the figures of the dancers swayed to the music, and she felt her own figure swaying too, with youthful spirits so close on every side — then her happiness reached its height, her eyes sparkled, she must go on and on into the small hours of the morning. For a moment Lord M. himself was forgotten.
V
The months flew past. The summer was over: “the pleasantest summer I EVER passed in MY LIFE, and I shall never forget this first summer of my reign.” With surprising rapidity, another summer was upon her. The coronation came and went — a curious dream. The antique, intricate, endless ceremonial worked itself out as best it could, like some machine of gigantic complexity213 which was a little out of order. The small central figure went through her gyrations. She sat; she walked; she prayed; she carried about an orb148 that was almost too heavy to hold; the Archbishop of Canterbury came and crushed a ring upon the wrong finger, so that she was ready to cry out with the pain; old Lord Rolle tripped up in his mantle214 and fell down the steps as he was doing homage215; she was taken into a side chapel216, where the altar was covered with a table-cloth, sandwiches, and bottles of wine; she perceived Lehzen in an upper box and exchanged a smile with her as she sat, robed and crowned, on the Confessor’s throne. “I shall ever remember this day as the PROUDEST of my life,” she noted. But the pride was soon merged6 once more in youth and simplicity217. When she returned to Buckingham Palace at last she was not tired; she ran up to her private rooms, doffed218 her splendours, and gave her dog Dash its evening bath.
Life flowed on again with its accustomed smoothness — though, of course, the smoothness was occasionally disturbed. For one thing, there was the distressing219 behaviour of Uncle Leopold. The King of the Belgians had not been able to resist attempting to make use of his family position to further his diplomatic ends. But, indeed, why should there be any question of resisting? Was not such a course of conduct, far from being a temptation, simply “selon les regles?” What were royal marriages for, if they did not enable sovereigns, in spite of the hindrances220 of constitutions, to control foreign politics? For the highest purposes, of course; that was understood. The Queen of England was his niece — more than that — almost his daughter; his confidential221 agent was living, in a position of intimate favour, at her court. Surely, in such circumstances, it would be preposterous222, it would be positively incorrect, to lose the opportunity of bending to his wishes by means of personal influence, behind the backs of the English Ministers, the foreign policy of England.
He set about the task with becoming precautions. He continued in his letters his admirable advice. Within a few days of her accession, he recommended the young Queen to lay emphasis, on every possible occasion, upon her English birth; to praise the English nation; “the Established Church I also recommend strongly; you cannot, without PLEDGING yourself to anything PARTICULAR, SAY TOO MUCH ON THE SUBJECT.” And then “before you decide on anything important I should be glad if you would consult me; this would also have the advantage of giving you time;” nothing was more injurious than to be hurried into wrong decisions unawares. His niece replied at once with all the accustomed warmth of her affection; but she wrote hurriedly — and, perhaps, a trifle vaguely too. “YOUR advice is always of the GREATEST IMPORTANCE to me,” she said.
Had he, possibly, gone too far? He could not be certain; perhaps Victoria HAD been hurried. In any case, he would be careful; he would draw back —“pour mieux sauter” he added to himself with a smile. In his next letters he made no reference to his suggestion of consultations224 with himself; he merely pointed66 out the wisdom, in general, of refusing to decide upon important questions off-hand. So far, his advice was taken; and it was noticed that the Queen, when applications were made to her, rarely gave an immediate answer. Even with Lord Melbourne, it was the same; when he asked for her opinion upon any subject, she would reply that she would think it over, and tell him her conclusions next day.
King Leopold’s counsels continued. The Princess de Lieven, he said, was a dangerous woman; there was reason to think that she would make attempts to pry225 into what did not concern her, let Victoria beware. “A rule which I cannot sufficiently226 recommend is NEVER TO PERMIT people to speak on subjects concerning yourself or your affairs, without you having yourself desired them to do so.” Should such a thing occur, “change the conversation, and make the individual feel that he has made a mistake.” This piece of advice was also taken; for it fell out as the King had predicted. Madame de Lieven sought an audience, and appeared to be verging227 towards confidential topics; whereupon the Queen, becoming slightly embarrassed, talked of nothing but commonplaces. The individual felt that she had made a mistake.
The King’s next warning was remarkable. Letters, he pointed out, are almost invariably read in the post. This was inconvenient228, no doubt; but the fact, once properly grasped, was not without its advantages. “I will give you an example: we are still plagued by Prussia concerning those fortresses229; now to tell the Prussian Government many things, which we SHOULD NOT LIKE to tell them officially, the Minister is going to write a despatch to our man at Berlin, sending it BY POST; the Prussians ARE SURE to read it, and to learn in this way what we wish them to hear. Analogous230 circumstances might very probably occur in England. I tell you the TRICK,” wrote His Majesty, “that you should be able to guard against it.” Such were the subtleties231 of constitutional sovereignty.
It seemed that the time had come for another step. The King’s next letter was full of foreign politics — the situation in Spain and Portugal, the character of Louis Philippe; and he received a favourable answer. Victoria, it is true, began by saying that she had shown the POLITICAL PART of his letter to Lord Melbourne; but she proceeded to a discussion of foreign affairs. It appeared that she was not unwilling232 to exchange observations on such matters with her uncle. So far so good. But King Leopold was still cautious; though a crisis was impending233 in his diplomacy234, he still hung back; at last, however, he could keep silence no longer. It was of the utmost importance to him that, in his manoeuvrings with France and Holland, he should have, or at any rate appear to have, English support. But the English Government appeared to adopt a neutral attitude; it was too bad; not to be for him was to be against him, could they not see that? Yet, perhaps, they were only wavering, and a little pressure upon them from Victoria might still save all. He determined to put the case before her, delicately yet forcibly — just as he saw it himself. “All I want from your kind Majesty,” he wrote, “is, that you will OCCASIONALLY express to your Ministers, and particularly to good Lord Melbourne, that, as far as it is COMPATIBLE with the interests of your own dominions235, you do NOT wish that your Government should take the lead in such measures as might in a short time bring on the DESTRUCTION of this country, as well as that of your uncle and his family.” The result of this appeal was unexpected; there was dead silence for more than a week. When Victoria at last wrote, she was prodigal236 of her affection. “It would, indeed, my dearest Uncle, be VERY WRONG of you, if you thought my feelings of warm and devoted attachment237 to you, and of great affection for you, could be changed — nothing can ever change them”— but her references to foreign politics, though they were lengthy238 and elaborate, were non-committal in the extreme; they were almost cast in an official and diplomatic form. Her Ministers, she said, entirely shared her views upon the subject; she understood and sympathised with the difficulties of her beloved uncle’s position; and he might rest assured “that both Lord Melbourne and Lord Palmerston are most anxious at all times for the prosperity and welfare of Belgium.” That was all. The King in his reply declared himself delighted, and re-echoed the affectionate protestations of his niece. “My dearest and most beloved Victoria,” he said, “you have written me a VERY DEAR and long letter, which has given me GREAT PLEASURE AND SATISFACTION.” He would not admit that he had had a rebuff.
A few months later the crisis came. King Leopold determined to make a bold push, and to carry Victoria with him, this time, by a display of royal vigour239 and avuncular240 authority. In an abrupt, an almost peremptory241 letter, he laid his case, once more, before his niece. “You know from experience,” he wrote, “that I NEVER ASK ANYTHING OF YOU . . . But, as I said before, if we are not careful we may see serious consequences which may affect more or less everybody, and THIS ought to be the object of our most anxious attention. I remain, my dear Victoria, your affectionate uncle, Leopold R.” The Queen immediately despatched this letter to Lord Melbourne, who replied with a carefully thought-out form of words, signifying nothing whatever, which, he suggested, she should send to her uncle. She did so, copying out the elaborate formula, with a liberal scattering242 of “dear Uncles” interspersed243; and she concluded her letter with a message of “affectionate love to Aunt Louise and the children.” Then at last King Leopold was obliged to recognise the facts. His next letter contained no reference at all to politics. “I am glad,” he wrote, “to find that you like Brighton better than last year. I think Brighton very agreeable at this time of the year, till the east winds set in. The pavilion, besides, is comfortable; that cannot be denied. Before my marriage, it was there that I met the Regent. Charlotte afterwards came with old Queen Charlotte. How distant all this already, but still how present to one’s memory.” Like poor Madame de Lieven, His Majesty felt that he had made a mistake.
Nevertheless, he could not quite give up all hope. Another opportunity offered, and he made another effort — but there was not very much conviction in it, and it was immediately crushed. “My dear Uncle,” the Queen wrote, “I have to thank you for your last letter which I received on Sunday. Though you seem not to dislike my political sparks, I think it is better not to increase them, as they might finally take fire, particularly as I see with regret that upon this one subject we cannot agree. I shall, therefore, limit myself to my expressions of very sincere wishes for the welfare and prosperity of Belgium.” After that, it was clear that there was no more to be said. Henceforward there is audible in the King’s letters a curiously244 elegiac note. “My dearest Victoria, your DELIGHTFUL little letter has just arrived and went like AN ARROW TO MY HEART. Yes, my beloved Victoria! I DO LOVE YOU TENDERLY . . . I love you FOR YOURSELF, and I love in you the dear child whose welfare I tenderly watched.” He had gone through much; yet, if life had its disappointments, it had its satisfactions too. “I have all the honours that can be given, and I am, politically speaking, very solidly established.” But there were other things besides politics, there were romantic yearnings in his heart. “The only longing245 I still have is for the Orient, where I perhaps shall once end my life, rising in the west and setting in the east.” As for his devotion to his niece, that could never end. “I never press my services on you, nor my councils, though I may say with some truth that from the extraordinary fate which the higher powers had ordained246 for me, my experience, both political and of private life, is great. I am ALWAYS READY to be useful to you when and where and it may be, and I repeat it, ALL I WANT IN RETURN IS SOME LITTLE SINCERE AFFECTION FROM YOU.”
vi
The correspondence with King Leopold was significant of much that still lay partly hidden in the character of Victoria. Her attitude towards her uncle had never wavered for a moment. To all his advances she had presented an absolutely unyielding front. The foreign policy of England was not his province; it was hers and her Ministers’; his insinuations, his entreaties247, his struggles — all were quite useless; and he must understand that this was so. The rigidity of her position was the more striking owing to the respectfulness and the affection with which it was accompanied. From start to finish the unmoved Queen remained the devoted niece. Leopold himself must have envied such perfect correctitude; but what may be admirable in an elderly statesman is alarming in a maiden248 of nineteen. And privileged observers were not without their fears. The strange mixture of ingenuous light-heartedness and fixed determination, of frankness and reticence249, of childishness and pride, seemed to augur14 a future that was perplexed250 and full of dangers. As time passed the less pleasant qualities in this curious composition revealed themselves more often and more seriously. There were signs of an imperious, a peremptory temper, an egotism that was strong and hard. It was noticed that the palace etiquette, far from relaxing, grew ever more and more inflexible251. By some, this was attributed to Lehzen’s influence; but, if that was so, Lehzen had a willing pupil; for the slightest infringements252 of the freezing rules of regularity253 and deference254 were invariably and immediately visited by the sharp and haughty255 glances of the Queen. Yet Her Majesty’s eyes, crushing as they could be, were less crushing than her mouth. The self-will depicted256 in those small projecting teeth and that small receding257 chin was of a more dismaying kind than that which a powerful jaw258 betokens259; it was a self — will imperturbable260, impenetrable, unintelligent; a self-will dangerously akin151 to obstinacy261. And the obstinacy of monarchs262 is not as that of other men.
Within two years of her accession, the storm-clouds which, from the first, had been dimly visible on the horizon, gathered and burst. Victoria’s relations with her mother had not improved. The Duchess of Kent, still surrounded by all the galling263 appearances of filial consideration, remained in Buckingham Palace a discarded figure, powerless and inconsolable. Sir John Conroy, banished264 from the presence of the Queen, still presided over the Duchess’s household, and the hostilities265 of Kensington continued unabated in the new surroundings. Lady Flora266 Hastings still cracked her malicious267 jokes; the animosity of the Baroness was still unappeased. One day, Lady Flora found the joke was turned against her. Early in 1839, travelling in the suite of the Duchess, she had returned from Scotland in the same carriage with Sir John. A change in her figure became the subject of an unseemly jest; tongues wagged; and the jest grew serious. It was whispered that Lady Flora was with child. The state of her health seemed to confirm the suspicion; she consulted Sir James Clark, the royal physician, and, after the consultation223, Sir James let his tongue wag, too. On this, the scandal flared268 up sky-high. Everyone was talking; the Baroness was not surprised; the Duchess rallied tumultuously to the support of her lady; the Queen was informed. At last the extraordinary expedient269 of a medical examination was resorted to, during which Sir James, according to Lady Flora, behaved with brutal270 rudeness, while a second doctor was extremely polite. Finally, both physicians signed a certificate entirely exculpating271 the lady. But this was by no means the end of the business. The Hastings family, socially a very powerful one, threw itself into the fray272 with all the fury of outraged273 pride and injured innocence274; Lord Hastings insisted upon an audience of the Queen, wrote to the papers, and demanded the dismissal of Sir James Clark. The Queen expressed her regret to Lady Flora, but Sir James Clark was not dismissed. The tide of opinion turned violently against the Queen and her advisers275; high society was disgusted by all this washing of dirty linen276 in Buckingham Palace; the public at large was indignant at the ill-treatment of Lady Flora. By the end of March, the popularity, so radiant and so abundant, with which the young Sovereign had begun her reign, had entirely disappeared.
There can be no doubt that a great lack of discretion had been shown by the Court. Ill-natured tittle-tattle, which should have been instantly nipped in the bud, had been allowed to assume disgraceful proportions; and the Throne itself had become involved in the personal malignities of the palace. A particularly awkward question had been raised by the position of Sir James Clark. The Duke of Wellington, upon whom it was customary to fall back, in cases of great difficulty in high places, had been consulted upon this question, and he had given it as his opinion that, as it would be impossible to remove Sir James without a public enquiry, Sir James must certainly stay where he was. Probably the Duke was right; but the fact that the peccant doctor continued in the Queen’s service made the Hastings family irreconcilable277 and produced an unpleasant impression of unrepentant error upon the public mind. As for Victoria, she was very young and quite inexperienced; and she can hardly be blamed for having failed to control an extremely difficult situation. That was clearly Lord Melbourne’s task; he was a man of the world, and, with vigilance and circumspection278, he might have quietly put out the ugly flames while they were still smouldering. He did not do so; he was lazy and easy-going; the Baroness was persistent279, and he let things slide. But doubtless his position was not an easy one; passions ran high in the palace; and Victoria was not only very young, she was very headstrong, too. Did he possess the magic bridle280 which would curb281 that fiery282 steed? He could not be certain. And then, suddenly, another violent crisis revealed more unmistakably than ever the nature of the mind with which he had to deal.
vii
The Queen had for long been haunted by a terror that the day might come when she would be obliged to part with her Minister. Ever since the passage of the Reform Bill, the power of the Whig Government had steadily283 declined. The General Election of 1837 had left them with a very small majority in the House of Commons; since then, they had been in constant difflculties — abroad, at home, in Ireland; the Radical284 group had grown hostile; it became highly doubtful how much longer they could survive. The Queen watched the development of events in great anxiety. She was a Whig by birth, by upbringing, by every association, public and private; and, even if those ties had never existed, the mere fact that Lord M. was the head of the Whigs would have amply sufficed to determine her politics. The fall of the Whigs would mean a sad upset for Lord M. But it would have a still more terrible consequence: Lord M. would have to leave her; and the daily, the hourly, presence of Lord M. had become an integral part of her life. Six months after her accession she had noted in her diary “I shall be very sorry to lose him even for one night;” and this feeling of personal dependence285 on her Minister steadily increased. In these circumstances it was natural that she should have become a Whig partisan286. Of the wider significance of political questions she knew nothing; all she saw was that her friends were in office and about her, and that it would be dreadful if they ceased to be so. “I cannot say,” she wrote when a critical division was impending, “(though I feel confident of our success) how low, how sad I feel, when I think of the possibility of this excellent and truly kind man not remaining my Minister! Yet I trust fervently288 that He who has so wonderfully protected me through such manifold difficulties will not now desert me! I should have liked to have expressed to Lord M. my anxiety, but the tears were nearer than words throughout the time I saw him, and I felt I should have choked, had I attempted to say anything.” Lord Melbourne realised clearly enough how undesirable289 was such a state of mind in a constitutional sovereign who might be called upon at any moment to receive as her Ministers the leaders of the opposite party; he did what he could to cool her ardour; but in vain.
With considerable lack of foresight290, too, he had himself helped to bring about this unfortunate condition of affairs. From the moment of her accession, he had surrounded the Queen with ladies of his own party; the Mistress of the Robes and all the Ladies of the Bedchamber were Whigs. In the ordinary course, the Queen never saw a Tory: eventually she took pains never to see one in any circumstances. She disliked the whole tribe; and she did not conceal the fact. She particularly disliked Sir Robert Peel, who would almost certainly be the next Prime Minister. His manners were detestable, and he wanted to turn out Lord M. His supporters, without exception, were equally bad; and as for Sir James Graham, she could not bear the sight of him; he was exactly like Sir John Conroy.
The affair of Lady Flora intensified291 these party rumours still further. The Hastings were Tories, and Lord Melbourne and the Court were attacked by the Tory press in unmeasured language. The Queen’s sectarian zeal292 proportionately increased. But the dreaded293 hour was now fast approaching. Early in May the Ministers were visibly tottering294; on a vital point of policy they could only secure a majority of five in the House of Commons; they determined to resign. When Victoria heard the news she burst into tears. Was it possible, then, that all was over? Was she, indeed, about to see Lord M. for the last time? Lord M. came; and it is a curious fact that, even in this crowning moment of misery295 and agitation296, the precise girl noted, to the minute, the exact time of the arrival and the departure of her beloved Minister. The conversation was touching297 and prolonged; but it could only end in one way — the Queen must send for the Duke of Wellington. When, next morning, the Duke came, he advised her Majesty to send for Sir Robert Peel. She was in “a state of dreadful grief,” but she swallowed down her tears, and braced298 herself, with royal resolution, for the odious299, odious interview.
Peel was by nature reserved, proud, and shy. His manners were not perfect, and he knew it; he was easily embarrassed, and, at such moments, he grew even more stiff and formal than before, while his feet mechanically performed upon the carpet a dancing-master’s measure. Anxious as he now was to win the Queen’s good graces, his very anxiety to do so made the attainment300 of his object the more difficult. He entirely failed to make any headway whatever with the haughty hostile girl before him. She coldly noted that he appeared to be unhappy and “put out,” and, while he stood in painful fixity, with an occasional uneasy pointing of the toe, her heart sank within her at the sight of that manner, “Oh! how different, how dreadfully different, to the frank, open, natural, and most kind warm manner of Lord Melbourne.” Nevertheless, the audience passed without disaster. Only at one point had there been some slight hint of a disagreement. Peel had decided that a change would be necessary in the composition of the royal Household: the Queen must no longer be entirely surrounded by the wives and sisters of his opponents; some, at any rate, of the Ladies of the Bedchamber should be friendly to his Government. When this matter was touched upon, the Queen had intimated that she wished her Household to remain unchanged; to which Sir Robert had replied that the question could be settled later, and shortly afterwards withdrew to arrange the details of his Cabinet. While he was present, Victoria had remained, as she herself said, “very much collected, civil and high, and betrayed no agitation;” but as soon as she was alone she completely broke down. Then she pulled herself together to write to Lord Melbourne an account of all that had happened, and of her own wretchedness. “She feels,” she said, “Lord Melbourne will understand it, amongst enemies to those she most relied on and most esteemed301; but what is worst of all is the being deprived of seeing Lord Melbourne as she used to do.”
Lord Melbourne replied with a very wise letter. He attempted to calm the Queen and to induce her to accept the new position gracefully302; and he had nothing but good words for the Tory leaders. As for the question of the Ladies of the Household, the Queen, he said, should strongly urge what she desired, as it was a matter which concerned her personally, “but,” he added, “if Sir Robert is unable to concede it, it will not do to refuse and to put off the negotiation upon it.” On this point there can be little doubt that Lord Melbourne was right. The question was a complicated and subtle one, and it had never arisen before; but subsequent constitutional practice has determined that a Queen Regnant must accede303 to the wishes of her Prime Minister as to the personnel of the female part of her Household. Lord Melbourne’s wisdom, however, was wasted. The Queen would not be soothed304, and still less would she take advice. It was outrageous305 of the Tories to want to deprive her of her Ladies, and that night she made up her mind that, whatever Sir Robert might say, she would refuse to consent to the removal of a single one of them. Accordingly, when, next morning, Peel appeared again, she was ready for action. He began by detailing the Cabinet appointments, and then he added “Now, ma’am, about the Ladies-” when the Queen sharply interrupted him. “I cannot give up any of my Ladies,” she said. “What, ma’am!” said Sir Robert, “does your Majesty mean to retain them all?” “All,” said the Queen. Sir Robert’s face worked strangely; he could not conceal his agitation. “The Mistress of the Robes and the Ladies of the Bedchamber?” he brought out at last. “All,” replied once more her Majesty. It was in vain that Peel pleaded and argued; in vain that he spoke, growing every moment more pompous306 and uneasy, of the constitution, and Queens Regnant, and the public interest; in vain that he danced his pathetic minuet. She was adamant307; but he, too, through all his embarrassment70, showed no sign of yielding; and when at last he left her nothing had been decided — the whole formation of the Government was hanging in the wind. A frenzy of excitement now seized upon Victoria. Sir Robert, she believed in her fury, had tried to outwit her, to take her friends from her, to impose his will upon her own; but that was not all: she had suddenly perceived, while the poor man was moving so uneasily before her, the one thing that she was desperately308 longing for — a loop-hole of escape. She seized a pen and dashed off a note to Lord Melbourne.
“Sir Robert has behaved very ill,” she wrote, “he insisted on my giving up my Ladies, to which I replied that I never would consent, and I never saw a man so frightened . . . I was calm but very decided, and I think you would have been pleased to see my composure and great firmness; the Queen of England will not submit to such trickery. Keep yourself in readiness, for you may soon be wanted.” Hardly had she finished when the Duke of Wellington was announced. “Well, Ma’am,” he said as he entered, “I am very sorry to find there is a difficulty.” “Oh!” she instantly replied, “he began it, not me.” She felt that only one thing now was needed: she must be firm. And firm she was. The venerable conqueror309 of Napoleon was outfaced by the relentless310 equanimity311 of a girl in her teens. He could not move the Queen one inch. At last, she even ventured to rally him. “Is Sir Robert so weak,” she asked, “that even the Ladies must be of his opinion?” On which the Duke made a brief and humble312 expostulation, bowed low, and departed.
Had she won? Time would show; and in the meantime she scribbled313 down another letter. “Lord Melbourne must not think the Queen rash in her conduct . . . The Queen felt this was an attempt to see whether she could be led and managed like a child.”3 The Tories were not only wicked but ridiculous. Peel, having, as she understood, expressed a wish to remove only those members of the Household who were in Parliament, now objected to her Ladies. “I should like to know,” she exclaimed in triumphant scorn, “if they mean to give the Ladies seats in Parliament?”
3 The exclamation314 “They wished to treat me like a girl, but I will show them that I am Queen of England!” often quoted as the Queen’s, is apocryphal315. It is merely part of Greville’s summary of the two letters to Melbourne. It may be noted that the phrase “the Queen of England will not submit to such trickery” is omitted in “Girlhood,” and in general there are numerous verbal discrepancies316 between the versions of the journal and the letters in the two books.
The end of the crisis was now fast approaching. Sir Robert returned, and told her that if she insisted upon retaining all her Ladies he could not form a Government. She replied that she would send him her final decision in writing. Next morning the late Whig Cabinet met. Lord Melbourne read to them the Queen’s letters, and the group of elderly politicians were overcome by an extraordinary wave of enthusiasm. They knew very well that, to say the least, it was highly doubtful whether the Queen had acted in strict accordance with the constitution; that in doing what she had done she had brushed aside Lord Melbourne’s advice; that, in reality, there was no public reason whatever why they should go back upon their decision to resign. But such considerations vanished before the passionate118 urgency of Victoria. The intensity317 of her determination swept them headlong down the stream of her desire. They unanimously felt that “it was impossible to abandon such a Queen and such a woman.” Forgetting that they were no longer her Majesty’s Ministers, they took the unprecedented318 course of advising the Queen by letter to put an end to her negotiation with Sir Robert Peel. She did so; all was over; she had triumphed. That evening there was a ball at the Palace. Everyone was present. “Peel and the Duke of Wellington came by looking very much put out.” She was perfectly319 happy; Lord M. was Prime Minister once more, and he was by her side.
viii
Happiness had returned with Lord M., but it was happiness in the midst of agitation. The domestic imbroglio320 continued unabated, until at last the Duke, rejected as a Minister, was called in once again in his old capacity as moral physician to the family. Something was accomplished when, at last, he induced Sir John Conroy to resign his place about the Duchess of Kent and leave the Palace for ever; something more when he persuaded the Queen to write an affectionate letter to her mother. The way seemed open for a reconciliation321, but the Duchess was stormy still. She didn’t believe that Victoria had written that letter; it was not in her handwriting; and she sent for the Duke to tell him so. The Duke, assuring her that the letter was genuine, begged her to forget the past. But that was not so easy. “What am I to do if Lord Melbourne comes up to me?” “Do, ma’am? Why, receive him with civility.” Well, she would make an effort . . . “But what am I to do if Victoria asks me to shake hands with Lehzen?” “Do, ma’am? Why, take her in your arms and kiss her.” “What!” The Duchess bristled323 in every feather, and then she burst into a hearty324 laugh. “No, ma’am, no,” said the Duke, laughing too. “I don’t mean you are to take Lehzen in your arms and kiss her, but the Queen.” The Duke might perhaps have succeeded, had not all attempts at conciliation322 been rendered hopeless by a tragical325 event. Lady Flora, it was discovered, had been suffering from a terrible internal malady326, which now grew rapidly worse. There could be little doubt that she was dying. The Queen’s unpopularity reached an extraordinary height. More than once she was publicly insulted. “Mrs. Melbourne,” was shouted at her when she appeared at her balcony; and, at Ascot, she was hissed327 by the Duchess of Montrose and Lady Sarah Ingestre as she passed. Lady Flora died. The whole scandal burst out again with redoubled vehemence328; while, in the Palace, the two parties were henceforth divided by an impassable, a Stygian, gulf329.
Nevertheless, Lord M. was back, and every trouble faded under the enchantment330 of his presence and his conversation. He, on his side, had gone through much; and his distresses331 were intensified by a consciousness of his own shortcomings. He realised clearly enough that, if he had intervened at the right moment, the Hastings scandal might have been averted332; and, in the bedchamber crisis, he knew that he had allowed his judgment333 to be overruled and his conduct to be swayed by private feelings and the impetuosity of Victoria. But he was not one to suffer too acutely from the pangs334 of conscience. In spite of the dullness and the formality of the Court, his relationship with the Queen had come to be the dominating interest in his life; to have been deprived of it would have been heartrending; that dread287 eventuality had been — somehow — avoided; he was installed once more, in a kind of triumph; let him enjoy the fleeting335 hours to the full! And so, cherished by the favour of a sovereign and warmed by the adoration of a girl, the autumn rose, in those autumn months of 1839, came to a wondrous336 blooming. The petals expanded, beautifully, for the last time. For the last time in this unlooked — for, this incongruous, this almost incredible intercourse, the old epicure337 tasted the exquisiteness338 of romance. To watch, to teach, to restrain, to encourage the royal young creature beside him — that was much; to feel with such a constant intimacy339 the impact of her quick affection, her radiant vitality340 — that was more; most of all, perhaps, was it good to linger vaguely in humorous contemplation, in idle apostrophe, to talk disconnectedly, to make a little joke about an apple or a furbelow, to dream. The springs of his sensibility, hidden deep within him, were overflowing341. Often, as he bent342 over her hand and kissed it, he found himself in tears.
Upon Victoria, with all her impermeability343, it was inevitable that such a companionship should have produced, eventually, an effect. She was no longer the simple schoolgirl of two years since. The change was visible even in her public demeanour. Her expression, once “ingenuous and serene,” now appeared to a shrewd observer to be “bold and discontented.” She had learnt something of the pleasures of power and the pains of it; but that was not all. Lord Melbourne with his gentle instruction had sought to lead her into the paths of wisdom and moderation, but the whole unconscious movement of his character had swayed her in a very different direction. The hard clear pebble344, subjected for so long and so constantly to that encircling and insidious345 fluidity, had suffered a curious corrosion346; it seemed to be actually growing a little soft and a little clouded. Humanity and fallibility are infectious things; was it possible that Lehzen’s prim100 pupil had caught them? That she was beginning to listen to siren voices? That the secret impulses of self-expression, of self-indulgence even, were mastering her life? For a moment the child of a new age looked back, and wavered towards the eighteenth century. It was the most critical moment of her career. Had those influences lasted, the development of her character, the history of her life, would have been completely changed.
And why should they not last? She, for one, was very anxious that they should. Let them last for ever! She was surrounded by Whigs, she was free to do whatever she wanted, she had Lord M.; she could not believe that she could ever be happier. Any change would be for the worse; and the worst change of all . . . no, she would not hear of it; it would be quite intolerable, it would upset everything, if she were to marry. And yet everyone seemed to want her to — the general public, the Ministers, her Saxe–Coburg relations — it was always the same story. Of course, she knew very well that there were excellent reasons for it. For one thing, if she remained childless, and were to die, her uncle Cumberland, who was now the King of Hanover, would succeed to the Throne of England. That, no doubt, would be a most unpleasant event; and she entirely sympathised with everybody who wished to avoid it. But there was no hurry; naturally, she would marry in the end — but not just yet — not for three or four years. What was tiresome347 was that her uncle Leopold had apparently348 determined, not only that she ought to marry, but that her cousin Albert ought to be her husband. That was very like her uncle Leopold, who wanted to have a finger in every pie; and it was true that long ago, in far-off days, before her accession even, she had written to him in a way which might well have encouraged him in such a notion. She had told him then that Albert possessed “every quality that could be desired to render her perfectly happy,” and had begged her “dearest uncle to take care of the health of one, now so dear to me, and to take him under your special protection,” adding, “I hope and trust all will go on prosperously and well on this subject of so much importance to me.” But that had been years ago, when she was a mere child; perhaps, indeed, to judge from the language, the letter had been dictated349 by Lehzen; at any rate, her feelings, and all the circumstances, had now entirely changed. Albert hardly interested her at all.
In later life the Queen declared that she had never for a moment dreamt of marrying anyone but her cousin; her letters and diaries tell a very different story. On August 26, 1837, she wrote in her journal: “To-day is my dearest cousin Albert’s 18th birthday, and I pray Heaven to pour its choicest blessings350 on his beloved head!” In the subsequent years, however, the date passes unnoticed. It had been arranged that Stockmar should accompany the Prince to Italy, and the faithful Baron left her side for that purpose. He wrote to her more than once with sympathetic descriptions of his young companion; but her mind was by this time made up. She liked and admired Albert very much, but she did not want to marry him. “At present,” she told Lord Melbourne in April, 1839, “my feeling is quite against ever marrying.” When her cousin’s Italian tour came to an end, she began to grow nervous; she knew that, according to a long-standing engagement, his next journey would be to England. He would probably arrive in the autumn, and by July her uneasiness was intense. She determined to write to her uncle, in order to make her position clear. It must be understood she said, that “there is no no engagement between us.” If she should like Albert, she could “make no final promise this year, for, at the very earliest, any such event could not take place till two or three years hence.” She had, she said, “a great repugnance” to change her present position; and, if she should not like him, she was “very anxious that it should be understood that she would not be guilty of any breach351 of promise, for she never gave any.” To Lord Melbourne she was more explicit352. She told him that she “had no great wish to see Albert, as the whole subject was an odious one;” she hated to have to decide about it; and she repeated once again that seeing Albert would be “a disagreeable thing.” But there was no escaping the horrid business; the visit must be made, and she must see him. The summer slipped by and was over; it was the autumn already; on the evening of October 10 Albert, accompanied by his brother Ernest, arrived at Windsor.
Albert arrived; and the whole structure of her existence crumbled353 into nothingness like a house of cards. He was beautiful — she gasped354 — she knew no more. Then, in a flash, a thousand mysteries were revealed to her; the past, the present, rushed upon her with a new significance; the delusions355 of years were abolished, and an extraordinary, an irresistible356 certitude leapt into being in the light of those blue eyes, the smile of that lovely mouth. The succeeding hours passed in a rapture17. She was able to observe a few more details — the “exquisite nose,” the “delicate moustachios and slight but very slight whiskers,” the “beautiful figure, broad in the shoulders and a fine waist.” She rode with him, danced with him, talked with him, and it was all perfection. She had no shadow of a doubt. He had come on a Thursday evening, and on the following Sunday morning she told Lord Melbourne that she had “a good deal changed her opinion as to marrying.” Next morning, she told him that she had made up her mind to marry Albert. The morning after that, she sent for her cousin. She received him alone, and “after a few minutes I said to him that I thought he must be aware why I wished them to come here — and that it would make me too happy if he would consent to what I wished (to marry me.)” Then “we embraced each other, and he was so kind, so affectionate.” She said that she was quite unworthy of him, while he murmured that he would be very happy “Das Leben mit dir zu zubringen.” They parted, and she felt “the happiest of human beings,” when Lord M. came in. At first she beat about the bush, and talked of the weather, and indifferent subjects. Somehow or other she felt a little nervous with her old friend. At last, summoning up her courage, she said, “I have got well through this with Albert.” “Oh! you have,” said Lord M.
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1
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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novice
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| adj.新手的，生手的 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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baron
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| n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王 | |
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baroness
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| n.男爵夫人，女男爵 | |
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merged
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| （使）混合( merge的过去式和过去分词 )； 相融； 融入； 渐渐消失在某物中 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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caustic
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| adj.刻薄的，腐蚀性的 | |
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proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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augur
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| n.占卦师；v.占卦 | |
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augury
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| n.预言，征兆，占卦 | |
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discreet
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| adj.(言行)谨慎的；慎重的；有判断力的 | |
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rapture
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| n.狂喜；全神贯注；着迷；v.使狂喜 | |
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raptures
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| 极度欢喜( rapture的名词复数 ) | |
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loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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oration
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| n.演说，致辞，叙述法 | |
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ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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derive
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| v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自 | |
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fortified
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| adj. 加强的 | |
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reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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posterity
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| n.后裔，子孙，后代 | |
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edifying
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| adj.有教训意味的，教训性的，有益的v.开导，启发( edify的现在分词 ) | |
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ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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vestige
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| n.痕迹，遗迹，残余 | |
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mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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etiquette
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| n.礼仪，礼节；规矩 | |
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penetrate
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| v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解 | |
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conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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gallantly
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| adv. 漂亮地，勇敢地，献殷勤地 | |
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pertinaciously
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| adv.坚持地；固执地；坚决地；执拗地 | |
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38
buffeting
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| 振动 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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swelling
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| n.肿胀 | |
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bleak
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| adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的 | |
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abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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suite
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| n.一套(家具)；套房；随从人员 | |
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sentimental
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| adj.多愁善感的，感伤的 | |
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45
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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abrupt
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| adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的 | |
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49
betoken
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| v.预示 | |
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50
victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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cleave
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| v．(clave；cleaved)粘着，粘住；坚持；依恋 | |
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52
recesses
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| n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 )；（工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间；学校的课间休息；某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 )；将（墙）做成凹形，在（墙）上做壁龛；休息，休会，休庭 | |
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53
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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54
alteration
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| n.变更，改变；蚀变 | |
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provincial
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| adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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ascendancy
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| n.统治权，支配力量 | |
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technically
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| adv.专门地，技术上地 | |
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reigning
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| adj.统治的，起支配作用的 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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61
wielded
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| 手持着使用（武器、工具等）( wield的过去式和过去分词 )； 具有； 运用（权力）； 施加（影响） | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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unlimited
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| adj.无限的，不受控制的，无条件的 | |
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varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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requisite
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| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
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adoption
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| n.采用，采纳，通过；收养 | |
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discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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embarrassment
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| n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫 | |
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embarrassments
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| n.尴尬( embarrassment的名词复数 )；难堪；局促不安；令人难堪或耻辱的事 | |
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72
rejection
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| n.拒绝，被拒，抛弃，被弃 | |
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tact
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| n.机敏，圆滑，得体 | |
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arduous
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| adj.艰苦的，费力的，陡峭的 | |
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negotiation
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| n.谈判，协商 | |
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negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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probity
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| n.刚直；廉洁，正直 | |
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disinterested
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| adj.不关心的，不感兴趣的 | |
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intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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entrusted
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| v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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prelude
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| n.序言，前兆，序曲 | |
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momentous
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| adj.重要的，重大的 | |
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craved
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| 渴望，热望( crave的过去式 )； 恳求，请求 | |
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84
apparatus
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| n.装置，器械；器具，设备 | |
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royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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pinnacle
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| n.尖塔，尖顶，山峰；(喻)顶峰 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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90
strings
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| n.弦 | |
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91
adviser
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| n.劝告者，顾问 | |
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92
adventurous
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| adj.爱冒险的；惊心动魄的，惊险的，刺激的 | |
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93
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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94
disinterestedness
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95
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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96
undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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97
optimist
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|
| n.乐观的人，乐观主义者 | |
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98
melancholy
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|
| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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99
perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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100
prim
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|
| adj.拘泥形式的，一本正经的；n.循规蹈矩，整洁；adv.循规蹈矩地，整洁地 | |
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101
brilliance
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| n.光辉，辉煌，壮丽，（卓越的）才华，才智 | |
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102
triumphant
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| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
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103
advancement
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| n.前进，促进，提升 | |
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104
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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105
eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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106
supple
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|
| adj.柔软的，易弯的，逢迎的，顺从的，灵活的；vt.使柔软，使柔顺，使顺从；vi.变柔软，变柔顺 | |
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107
copious
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| adj.丰富的，大量的 | |
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108
pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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109
temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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110
ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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111
manifestation
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| n.表现形式；表明；现象 | |
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112
gauge
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| v.精确计量；估计；n.标准度量；计量器 | |
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113
dubious
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| adj.怀疑的，无把握的；有问题的，靠不住的 | |
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114
contradictory
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| adj.反驳的，反对的，抗辩的；n.正反对，矛盾对立 | |
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115
ironical
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|
| adj.讽刺的，冷嘲的 | |
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116
discordance
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|
| n.不调和，不和，不一致性；不整合；假整合 | |
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117
shameful
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| adj.可耻的，不道德的 | |
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118
passionate
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|
| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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119
passionately
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| ad.热烈地，激烈地 | |
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120
miserable
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|
| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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121
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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122
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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123
farce
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| n.闹剧，笑剧，滑稽戏；胡闹 | |
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124
hectic
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| adj.肺病的；消耗热的；发热的；闹哄哄的 | |
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125
frenzy
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|
| n.疯狂，狂热，极度的激动 | |
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126
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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127
accomplished
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|
| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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128
exegesis
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|
| n.注释，解释 | |
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129
scrupulous
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| adj.审慎的，小心翼翼的，完全的，纯粹的 | |
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130
crammed
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|
| adj.塞满的，挤满的；大口地吃；快速贪婪地吃v.把…塞满；填入；临时抱佛脚( cram的过去式) | |
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131
conversion
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| n.转化，转换，转变 | |
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132
paradox
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| n.似乎矛盾却正确的说法；自相矛盾的人(物) | |
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133
aristocrat
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| n.贵族，有贵族气派的人，上层人物 | |
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134
futile
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| adj.无效的，无用的，无希望的 | |
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135
positively
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|
| adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实 | |
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136
delusion
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| n.谬见，欺骗，幻觉，迷惑 | |
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137
ballot
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|
| n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票 | |
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138
reactionary
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|
| n.反动者，反动主义者；adj.反动的，反动主义的，反对改革的 | |
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139
fluctuations
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| 波动，涨落，起伏( fluctuation的名词复数 ) | |
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140
conscientiousness
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| 责任心 | |
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141
nonchalance
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|
| n.冷淡，漠不关心 | |
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142
ushered
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|
| v.引，领，陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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143
vaguely
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|
| adv.含糊地，暖昧地 | |
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144
worthy
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|
| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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145
abolition
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|
| n.废除，取消 | |
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146
distressed
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| 痛苦的 | |
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147
mortified
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|
| v.使受辱( mortify的过去式和过去分词 )；伤害（人的感情）；克制；抑制（肉体、情感等） | |
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148
orb
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|
| n.太阳；星球；v.弄圆；成球形 | |
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149
diligently
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|
| ad.industriously;carefully | |
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150
patronage
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|
| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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151
akin
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|
| adj.同族的，类似的 | |
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152
vex
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|
| vt.使烦恼，使苦恼 | |
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153
amenity
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|
| n.pl.生活福利设施，文娱康乐场所；（不可数）愉快，适意 | |
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154
possessed
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|
| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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155
petals
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| n.花瓣( petal的名词复数 ) | |
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156
supremely
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|
| adv.无上地，崇高地 | |
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157
complexities
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|
| 复杂性(complexity的名词复数)； 复杂的事物 | |
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158
stint
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|
| v.节省，限制，停止；n.舍不得化，节约，限制；连续不断的一段时间从事某件事 | |
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159
inevitable
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|
| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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160
rumours
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| n.传闻( rumour的名词复数 )；风闻；谣言；谣传 | |
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161
exonerated
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|
| v.使免罪，免除( exonerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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162
delicacies
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|
| n.棘手( delicacy的名词复数 )；精致；精美的食物；周到 | |
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163
consummate
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|
| adj.完美的；v.成婚；使完美 [反]baffle | |
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164
watchfulness
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| 警惕，留心； 警觉（性） | |
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165
solicitude
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| n.焦虑 | |
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166
sprawl
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|
| vi.躺卧，扩张，蔓延；vt.使蔓延；n.躺卧，蔓延 | |
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167
paradoxes
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|
| n.似非而是的隽语，看似矛盾而实际却可能正确的说法( paradox的名词复数 )；用于语言文学中的上述隽语；有矛盾特点的人[事物，情况] | |
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168
enthralled
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|
| 迷住，吸引住( enthrall的过去式和过去分词 )； 使感到非常愉快 | |
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169
rigidity
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|
| adj.钢性，坚硬 | |
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170
propitiated
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| v.劝解，抚慰，使息怒( propitiate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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171
favourable
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|
| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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172
belied
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|
| v.掩饰( belie的过去式和过去分词 )；证明（或显示）…为虚假；辜负；就…扯谎 | |
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173
adoration
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|
| n.爱慕，崇拜 | |
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174
heyday
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|
| n.全盛时期，青春期 | |
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175
domains
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| n.范围( domain的名词复数 )；领域；版图；地产 | |
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176
catching
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|
| adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住 | |
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177
ingenuous
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|
| adj.纯朴的，单纯的；天真的；坦率的 | |
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178
homely
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|
| adj.家常的，简朴的；不漂亮的 | |
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179
beheld
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|
| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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180
heartily
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|
| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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181
disarm
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| v.解除武装，回复平常的编制，缓和 | |
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182
immaturity
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| n.不成熟；未充分成长；未成熟；粗糙 | |
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183
velocity
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| n.速度，速率 | |
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184
momentousness
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| n.重大，重要性 | |
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185
annuity
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| n.年金；养老金 | |
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186
annually
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| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
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187
gilding
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| n.贴金箔，镀金 | |
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188
delightful
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|
| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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189
rosy
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| adj.美好的，乐观的，玫瑰色的 | |
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190
glorified
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| 美其名的，变荣耀的 | |
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191
eyebrows
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| 眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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192
expressive
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| adj.表现的，表达…的，富于表情的 | |
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193
criticise
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| v.批评，评论；非难 | |
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194
despatch
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| n./v.(dispatch)派遣；发送；n.急件；新闻报道 | |
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195
ceded
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| v.让给，割让，放弃( cede的过去式 ) | |
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196
velvet
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| n.丝绒，天鹅绒；adj.丝绒制的，柔软的 | |
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197
cavalcade
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| n.车队等的行列 | |
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198
troupe
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| n.剧团，戏班；杂技团；马戏团 | |
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199
romp
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| n.欢闹；v.嬉闹玩笑 | |
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200
tightened
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|
| 收紧( tighten的过去式和过去分词 )； （使）变紧； （使）绷紧； 加紧 | |
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201
rumoured
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|
| adj.谣传的；传说的；风 | |
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202
colloquies
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|
| n.谈话，对话( colloquy的名词复数 ) | |
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203
aridity
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| n.干旱，乏味；干燥性；荒芜 | |
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204
privy
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| adj.私用的；隐密的 | |
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205
middle-aged
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| adj.中年的 | |
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206
animation
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| n.活泼，兴奋，卡通片／动画片的制作 | |
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207
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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208
horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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209
memoirs
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|
| n.回忆录；回忆录传( mem,自oir的名词复数) | |
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210
graceful
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|
| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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211
chatter
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| vi.／n.喋喋不休；短促尖叫；(牙齿)打战 | |
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212
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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213
complexity
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|
| n.复杂(性)，复杂的事物 | |
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214
mantle
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|
| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
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215
homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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216
chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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217
simplicity
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|
| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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218
doffed
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|
| v.脱去，（尤指）脱帽( doff的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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219
distressing
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| a.使人痛苦的 | |
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220
hindrances
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| 阻碍者( hindrance的名词复数 )； 障碍物； 受到妨碍的状态 | |
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221
confidential
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| adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的 | |
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222
preposterous
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| adj.荒谬的，可笑的 | |
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223
consultation
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| n.咨询；商量；商议；会议 | |
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224
consultations
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| n.磋商（会议）( consultation的名词复数 )；商讨会；协商会；查找 | |
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225
pry
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| vi.窥(刺)探，打听；vt.撬动(开，起) | |
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226
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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227
verging
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| 接近，逼近（verge的现在分词形式） | |
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228
inconvenient
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| adj.不方便的，令人感到麻烦的 | |
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229
fortresses
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| 堡垒，要塞( fortress的名词复数 ) | |
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230
analogous
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| adj.相似的；类似的 | |
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231
subtleties
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| 细微( subtlety的名词复数 )； 精细； 巧妙； 细微的差别等 | |
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232
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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233
impending
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| a.imminent, about to come or happen | |
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234
diplomacy
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| n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕 | |
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235
dominions
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| 统治权( dominion的名词复数 )； 领土； 疆土； 版图 | |
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236
prodigal
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| adj.浪费的，挥霍的，放荡的 | |
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237
attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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238
lengthy
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| adj.漫长的，冗长的 | |
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239
vigour
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| （=vigor）n.智力，体力，精力 | |
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240
avuncular
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| adj.叔伯般的，慈祥的 | |
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241
peremptory
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| adj.紧急的，专横的，断然的 | |
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242
scattering
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| n.[物]散射；散乱，分散；在媒介质中的散播adj.散乱的；分散在不同范围的；广泛扩散的；（选票）数量分散的v.散射(scatter的ing形式)；散布；驱散 | |
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243
interspersed
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| adj.[医]散开的；点缀的v.intersperse的过去式和过去分词 | |
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244
curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
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245
longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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246
ordained
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| v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定 | |
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247
entreaties
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| n.恳求，乞求( entreaty的名词复数 ) | |
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248
maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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249
reticence
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| n.沉默，含蓄 | |
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250
perplexed
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| adj.不知所措的 | |
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251
inflexible
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| adj.不可改变的，不受影响的，不屈服的 | |
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252
infringements
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| n.违反( infringement的名词复数 )；侵犯，伤害 | |
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253
regularity
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| n.规律性，规则性；匀称，整齐 | |
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254
deference
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| n.尊重，顺从；敬意 | |
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255
haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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256
depicted
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| 描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述 | |
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257
receding
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的现在分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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258
jaw
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| n.颚，颌，说教，流言蜚语；v.喋喋不休，教训 | |
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259
betokens
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| v.预示，表示( betoken的第三人称单数 ) | |
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260
imperturbable
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| adj.镇静的 | |
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261
obstinacy
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| n.顽固；（病痛等）难治 | |
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262
monarchs
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| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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263
galling
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| adj.难堪的,使烦恼的,使焦躁的 | |
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264
banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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265
hostilities
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| n.战争；敌意(hostility的复数)；敌对状态；战事 | |
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266
flora
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| n.(某一地区的)植物群 | |
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267
malicious
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| adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的 | |
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268
Flared
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| adj. 端部张开的, 爆发的, 加宽的, 漏斗式的 动词flare的过去式和过去分词 | |
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269
expedient
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|
| adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计 | |
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270
brutal
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|
| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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271
exculpating
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| v.开脱，使无罪( exculpate的现在分词 ) | |
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272
fray
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| v.争吵；打斗；磨损，磨破；n.吵架；打斗 | |
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273
outraged
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| a.震惊的，义愤填膺的 | |
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274
innocence
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| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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275
advisers
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| 顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授 | |
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276
linen
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| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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277
irreconcilable
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|
| adj.（指人）难和解的，势不两立的 | |
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278
circumspection
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| n.细心，慎重 | |
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279
persistent
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|
| adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的 | |
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280
bridle
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| n.笼头，束缚；vt.抑制，约束；动怒 | |
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281
curb
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| n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制 | |
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282
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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283
steadily
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|
| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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284
radical
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| n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的 | |
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285
dependence
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| n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属 | |
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286
partisan
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| adj.党派性的；游击队的；n.游击队员；党徒 | |
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287
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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288
fervently
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| adv.热烈地，热情地，强烈地 | |
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289
undesirable
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|
| adj.不受欢迎的，不良的，不合意的，讨厌的；n.不受欢迎的人，不良分子 | |
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290
foresight
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| n.先见之明，深谋远虑 | |
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291
intensified
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| v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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292
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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293
dreaded
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| adj.令人畏惧的；害怕的v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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294
tottering
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|
| adj.蹒跚的，动摇的v.走得或动得不稳( totter的现在分词 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠 | |
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295
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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296
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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297
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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298
braced
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| adj.拉牢的v.支住( brace的过去式和过去分词 )；撑牢；使自己站稳；振作起来 | |
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299
odious
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|
| adj.可憎的，讨厌的 | |
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300
attainment
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| n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣 | |
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301
esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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302
gracefully
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| ad.大大方方地；优美地 | |
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303
accede
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| v.应允，同意 | |
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304
soothed
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| v.安慰( soothe的过去式和过去分词 )；抚慰；使舒服；减轻痛苦 | |
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305
outrageous
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| adj.无理的，令人不能容忍的 | |
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306
pompous
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的；夸大的；豪华的 | |
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307
adamant
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| adj.坚硬的，固执的 | |
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308
desperately
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| adv.极度渴望地，绝望地，孤注一掷地 | |
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309
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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310
relentless
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| adj.残酷的，不留情的，无怜悯心的 | |
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311
equanimity
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| n.沉着，镇定 | |
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312
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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313
scribbled
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| v.潦草的书写( scribble的过去式和过去分词 )；乱画；草草地写；匆匆记下 | |
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314
exclamation
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| n.感叹号，惊呼，惊叹词 | |
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315
apocryphal
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| adj.假冒的，虚假的 | |
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316
discrepancies
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| n.差异，不符合（之处），不一致（之处）( discrepancy的名词复数 ) | |
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317
intensity
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| n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度 | |
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318
unprecedented
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| adj.无前例的，新奇的 | |
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319
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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320
imbroglio
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| n.纷乱，纠葛，纷扰，一团糟 | |
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321
reconciliation
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| n.和解，和谐，一致 | |
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322
conciliation
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| n.调解，调停 | |
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323
bristled
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| adj. 直立的，多刺毛的 动词bristle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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324
hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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325
tragical
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| adj. 悲剧的, 悲剧性的 | |
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326
malady
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| n.病，疾病(通常做比喻) | |
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327
hissed
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| 发嘶嘶声( hiss的过去式和过去分词 )； 发嘘声表示反对 | |
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328
vehemence
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| n.热切；激烈；愤怒 | |
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329
gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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330
enchantment
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| n.迷惑，妖术，魅力 | |
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331
distresses
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| n.悲痛( distress的名词复数 )；痛苦；贫困；危险 | |
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332
averted
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| 防止，避免( avert的过去式和过去分词 )； 转移 | |
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333
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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334
pangs
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| 突然的剧痛( pang的名词复数 )； 悲痛 | |
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335
fleeting
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| adj.短暂的，飞逝的 | |
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336
wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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337
epicure
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| n.行家，美食家 | |
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338
exquisiteness
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339
intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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340
vitality
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| n.活力，生命力，效力 | |
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341
overflowing
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| n. 溢出物,溢流 adj. 充沛的，充满的 动词overflow的现在分词形式 | |
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342
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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343
impermeability
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| n.不能渗透的性质或状态,不渗透性,不透过性 | |
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344
pebble
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| n.卵石，小圆石 | |
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345
insidious
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| adj.阴险的，隐匿的，暗中为害的，（疾病）不知不觉之间加剧 | |
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346
corrosion
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| n.腐蚀，侵蚀；渐渐毁坏，渐衰 | |
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347
tiresome
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| adj.令人疲劳的，令人厌倦的 | |
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348
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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349
dictated
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| v.大声讲或读( dictate的过去式和过去分词 )；口授；支配；摆布 | |
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350
blessings
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| n.（上帝的）祝福( blessing的名词复数 )；好事；福分；因祸得福 | |
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351
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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352
explicit
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| adj.详述的，明确的；坦率的；显然的 | |
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353
crumbled
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| （把…）弄碎， （使）碎成细屑( crumble的过去式和过去分词 )； 衰落； 坍塌； 损坏 | |
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354
gasped
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| v.喘气( gasp的过去式和过去分词 )；喘息；倒抽气；很想要 | |
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355
delusions
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| n.欺骗( delusion的名词复数 )；谬见；错觉；妄想 | |
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356
irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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