“Yes, for the neighbors won’t allow any of the families to be separated.”
“Of course not. We read of such things in novels sometimes. But I have yet to see it in real life, except in rare cases, or where the slave has been guilty of some misdemeanor, or crime, for which, in the North, he would have been imprisoned4, perhaps for life.”—Cabin and Parlor5, by J. Thornton Randolph, p. 39.
“But they’re going to sell us all to Georgia, I say. How are we to escape that?”
“Spec dare some mistake in dat,” replied Uncle Peter, stoutly6. “I nebber knew of sich a ting in dese parts, ‘cept where some niggar’d been berry bad.”—Ibid.
By such graphic7 touches as the above does Mr. Thornton Randolph represent to us the patriarchal stability and security of the slave population in the Old Dominion8. Such a thing as a slave being sold out of the state has never been heard of by Dr. Worthington, except in rare cases for some crime; and old Uncle Peter never heard of such a thing in his life.
Are these representations true?
The worst abuse of the system of slavery is its outrage9 upon the family; and, as the writer views the subject, it is one which is more notorious and undeniable than any other.
Yet it is upon this point that the most stringent10 and earnest denial has been made to the representations of “Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” either indirectly11, as by the romance-writer above, or more directly in the assertions of newspapers, both at the North and at the South. When made at the North, they indicate, to say the least, very great ignorance of the subject; when made at the South, they certainly do very great injustice12 to the general character of the Southerner for truth and honesty. All sections of country have faults peculiar13 to themselves. The fault of the South, as a general thing, has not been cowardly evasion14 and deception15. It was with utter surprise that the author read the following sentences in an article in Fraser’s Magazine, professing16 to come from a South Carolinian.
Mrs. Stowe’s favorite illustration of the master’s power to the injury of the slave is the separation of families. We are told of infants of ten months old being sold from the arms of their mothers, and of men whose habit it is to raise children to sell away from their mother as soon as they are old enough to be separated. Were our views of this feature of slavery derived18 from Mrs. Stowe’s book, we should regard the families of slaves as utterly19 unsettled and vagrant20.
And again:
We feel confident that, if statistics could be had to throw light upon this subject, we should find that there is less separation of families among the negroes than occurs with almost any other class of persons.
As the author of the article, however, is evidently a man of honor, and expresses many most noble and praiseworthy sentiments, it cannot be supposed that these statements were put forth21 with any view to misrepresent or to deceive. They are only to be regarded as evidences of the facility with which a sanguine22 mind often overlooks the most glaring facts that make against a favorite idea or theory, or which are unfavorable in their bearings on one’s own country or family. Thus the citizens of some place notoriously unhealthy will come to believe, and assert, with the utmost sincerity23, that there is actually less sickness in their town than any other of its size in the known world. Thus parents often think their children perfectly24 immaculate in just those particulars in which others see them to be most faulty. This solution of the phenomena25 is a natural and amiable26 one, and enables us to retain our respect for our Southern brethren.
There is another circumstance, also, to be taken into account, in reading such assertions as these. It is evident, from the pamphlet in question, that the writer is one of the few who regard the possession of absolute irresponsible power as the highest of motives27 to moderation and temperance in its use. Such men are commonly associated in friendship and family connection with others of similar views, and are very apt to fall into the error of judging others by themselves, and thinking that a thing may do for all the world because it operates well in their immediate28 circle. Also it cannot but be a fact that the various circumstances which from infancy29 conspire30 to degrade and depress the negro in the eyes of a Southern-born man,—the constant habit of speaking of them, and hearing them spoken of, and seeing them advertised, as mere3 articles of property, often in connection with horses, mules31, fodder32, swine, &c., as they are almost daily in every Southern paper,—must tend, even in the best-constituted minds, to produce a certain obtuseness33 with regard to the interests, sufferings and affections, of such as do not particularly belong to himself, 134which will peculiarly unfit him for estimating their condition. The author has often been singularly struck with this fact, in the letters of Southern friends; in which, upon one page, they will make some assertion regarding the condition of Southern negroes, and then go on, and in other connections state facts which apparently34 contradict them all. We can all be aware how this familiarity would operate with ourselves. Were we called upon to state how often our neighbors’ cows were separated from their calves35, or how often their household furniture and other effects are scattered36 and dispersed37 by executor’s sales, we should be inclined to say that it was not a misfortune of very common occurrence.
But let us open two South Carolina papers, published in the very state where this gentleman is residing, and read the advertisements FOR ONE WEEK. The author has slightly abridged38 them.
COMMISSIONER’S SALE OF 12 LIKELY NEGROES.
Fairfield District.
R. W. Murray and wife and }
others }
v. } In Equity39.
William Wright and wife }
and others. }
In pursuance of an Order of the Court of Equity made in the above case at July Term, 1852, I will sell at public outcry, to the highest bidder40, before the Court House in Winnsboro, on the first Monday in January next,
12 VERY LIKELY NEGROES,
belonging to the estate of Micajah Mobley, deceased, late of Fairfield District.
These Negroes consist chiefly of young boys and girls, and are said to be very likely.
Terms of Sale, &c.
W. R. Robertson,
C. E. F. D.
Commisioner's Office, }
Winnsboro, Nov. 30, 1852. }
Dec. 2 42 x4.
ADMINISTRATOR41’S SALE.
Will be sold at public outcry, to the highest bidder, on Tuesday, the 21st day of December next, at the late residence of Mrs. M. P. Rabb, deceased, all of the personal estate of said deceased, consisting in part of about
2,000 Bushels of Corn.
25,000 pounds of Fodder.
Wheat—Cotton Seed.
Horses, Mules, Cattle, Hogs42, Sheep.
There will, in all probability, be sold at the same time and place several likely Young Negroes.
The Terms of Sale will be—all sums under Twenty-five Dollars, Cash. All sums of Twenty-five Dollars and over, twelve months’ credit, with interest from day of Sale, secured by note and two approved sureties.
William S. Rabb,
Administrator.
Nov. 11. 39 x2
COMMISSIONER’S SALE OF LAND AND NEGROES.
Fairfield District.
James E. Caldwell, }
Admr., with the Will }
annexed43, of Jacob Gibson, }
deceased, } In Equity.
v. }
Jason D. Gibson }
and others. }
In pursuance of the order of sale made in the above case, I will sell at public outcry, to the highest bidder, before the Court House in Winnsboro, on the first Monday in January next, and the day following, the following real and personal estate of Jacob Gibson, deceased, late of Fairfield District, to wit:
The Plantation44 on which the testator lived at the time of his death, containing 661 Acres, more or less, lying on the waters of Wateree Creek45, and bounded by lands of Samuel Johnston, Theodore S. DuBose, Edward P. Mobley, and B. R. Cockrell. This plantation will be sold in two separate tracts46, plats of which will be exhibited on the day of sale:
46 PRIME LIKELY NEGROES,
consisting of Wagoners, Blacksmiths, Cooks, House Servants, &c.
W. R. Robertson,
C. E. F. D.
Commissioner’s Office, }
Winnsboro, 29th Nov. 1852. }
ESTATE SALE—FIFTY PRIME NEGROES. BY J. & L. T. LEVIN.
On the first Monday in January next I will sell, before the Court House in Columbia, 50 of as Likely Negroes as have ever been exposed to public sale, belonging to the estate of A. P. Vinson, deceased. The Negroes have been well cared for, and well managed in every respect. Persons wishing to purchase will not, it is confidently believed, have a better opportunity to supply themselves.
J. H. Adams,
Executor.
Nov. 18 40 x3
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
Will be sold on the 15th December next, at the late residence of Samuel Moore, deceased, in York District, all the personal property of said deceased, consisting of:
35 LIKELY NEGROES,
a quantity of Cotton and Corn, Horses and Mules, Farming Tools, Household and Kitchen Furniture, with many other articles.
Samuel E. Moore,
Administrator.
Nov. 18 40 x4t.
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
Will be sold at public outcry, to the highest bidder, on Tuesday, the 14th day of December next, at the late residence of Robert W. Durham, deceased, in Fairfield District, all of the personal estate of said deceased: consisting in part as follows:
50 PRIME LIKELY NEGROES.
About 3,000 Bushels of Corn. A large quantity of Fodder.
135Wheat, Oats, Cow Peas, Rye, Cotton Seed, Horses, Mules, Cattle, Hogs, Sheep.
C. H. Durham,
Administrator.
Nov. 23.
SHERIFF’S SALE.
By virtue47 of sundry48 executions to me directed, I will sell at Fairfield Court House, on the first Monday, and the day following, in December next, within the legal hours of sale, to the highest bidder, for cash, the following property. Purchasers to pay for titles:
2 Negroes, levied49 upon as the property of Allen R. Crankfield, at the suit of Alexander Brodie, et al.
2 Horses and 1 Jennet, levied upon as the property of Allen R. Crankfield, at the suit of Alexander Brodie.
2 Mules, levied upon as the property of Allen R. Crankfield, at the suit of Temperance E. Miller50 and J. W. Miller.
1 pair of Cart Wheels, levied upon as the property of Allen R. Crankfield, at the suit of Temperance E. Miller and J. W. Miller.
1 Chest of Drawers, levied upon as the property of Allen R. Crankfield, at the suit of Temperance E. Miller and J. W. Miller.
1 Bedstead, levied upon as the property of Allen R. Crankfield, at the suit of Temperance E. Miller and J. W. Miller.
1 Negro, levied upon as the property of R. J. Gladney, at the suit of James Camak.
1 Negro, levied upon as the property of Geo. McCormick, at the suit of W. M. Phifer.
1 Riding Saddle, to be sold under an assignment of G. W. Boulware to J. B. Mickle, in the case of Geo. Murphy, Jr., v. G. W. Boulware.
R. E. Ellison,
S. F. D.
Sheriff’s Office, }
Nov. 19 1852. }
Nov. 20 37 ?xtf
COMMISSIONER’S SALE.
John A. Crumpton, }
and others, } In Equity.
v. }
Zachariah C. Crumpton. }
In pursuance of the Decretal order made in this case, I will sell at public outcry to the highest bidder, before the Court House door in Winnsboro, on the first Monday in December next, three separate tracts or parcels of land, belonging to the estate of Zachariah Crumpton, deceased.
I will also sell, at the same time and place, five or six likely Young Negroes, sold as the property of the said Zachariah Crumpton, deceased, by virtue of the authority aforesaid.
The Terms of sale are as follows, &c. &c.
W. R. Robetson,
C. E. F. D.
Commissioner’s Office, }
Winnsboro, Nov. 8, 1852. }
Nov. 11 30 x3
ESTATE SALE OF VALUABLE PROPERTY.
The undersigned, as Administrator of the Estate of Col. T. Randell, deceased, will sell, on Monday the 20th December next, all the personal property belonging to said estate, consisting of
56 NEGROES,
STOCK, CORN, FODDER, ETC. ETC.
Terms of sale, &c. &c.
Samuel J. Randell.
Sep. 2 29 x16
The Tri-weekly South Carolinian, published at Columbia, S. C., has this motto:
“Be just and fear not; let all the ends thou aim’st at be thy Country’s, thy God’s, AND Truth’s.”
In the number dated December 23d, 1852, is found a “Reply of the Women of Virginia to the Women of England,” containing this sentiment:
Believe us, we deeply, prayerfully, study God’s holy word; we are fully51 persuaded that our institutions are in accordance with it.
After which, in other columns, come the ten advertisements following:
SHERIFF’S SALES FOR JANUARY 2, 1853.
By virtue of sundry writs52 of fieri facias, to me directed, will be sold before the Court House in Columbia, within the legal hours, on the first Monday and Tuesday in January next,
Seventy-four acres of Land, more or less, in Richland District, bounded on the north and east by Lorick’s, and on the south and west by Thomas Trapp.
Also, Ten Head of Cattle, Twenty-five Head of Hogs, and Two Hundred Bushels of Corn, levied on as the property of M. A. Wilson, at the suit of Samuel Gardner v. M. A. Wilson.
Seven Negroes, named Grace, Frances, Edmund, Charlotte, Emuline, Thomas and Charles, levied on as the property of Bartholomew Turnipseed, at the suit of A. F. Dubard, J. S. Lever, Bank of the State and others, v. B. Turnipseed.
450 acres of Land, more or less, in Richland District, bounded on the north, &c. &c.
LARGE SALE OF REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY.—ESTATE SALE.
On Monday, the (7th) seventh day of February next, I will sell at Auction53, without reserve, at the Plantation, near Linden, all the Horses, Mules, Wagons54, Farming Utensils55, Corn, Fodder, &c.
And on the following Monday (14th), the fourteenth day of February next, at the Court House, at Linden, in Marengo County, Alabama, I will sell at public auction, without reserve, to the highest bidder,
110 PRIME AND LIKELY NEGROES,
belonging to the Estate of the late John Robinson, of South Carolina.
Among the Negroes are four valuable Carpenters, and a very superior Blacksmith.
NEGROES FOR SALE.
By permission of Peter Wylie, Esq., Ordinary for Chester District, I will sell, at public auction, before the Court House, in Chesterville, on the first Monday in February next,
FORTY LIKELY NEGROES,
belonging to the Estate of F. W. Davie.
W. D. DeSaussure, Executor.
Dec. 23. 56 ?tds.
ESTATE SALE OF FURNITURE, &c., BY J. & L. T. LEVIN.
Will be sold, at our store, on Thursday, the 6th day of January next, all the Household and Kitchen 136Furniture, belonging to the Estate of B. L. McLaughlin, deceased, consisting in part of
Hair Seat Chairs, Sofas and Rockers. Piano, Mahogany Dining, Tea, and Card Tables; Carpets, Rugs, Andirons, Fenders, Shovel56 and Tongs57, Mantel Ornaments58, Clocks, Side Board, Bureaus, Mahogany Bedsteads, Feather Beds and Mattresses59, Wash Stands, Curtains, fine Cordial Stand, Glassware, Crockery, and a great variety of articles for family use.
Terms cash.
ALSO,
A Negro Man, named Leonard, belonging to same.
Terms, &c.
ALSO,
At same time, a quantity of New Brick, belonging to Estate of A. S. Johnstone, deceased.
Dec. 21. 53 ?tds.
GREAT SALE OF NEGROES AND THE SALUDA FACTORY, BY J. & L. T. LEVIN.
On Thursday, December 30, at 11 o’clock, will be sold at the Court House in Columbia,
ONE HUNDRED VALUABLE NEGROES.
It is seldom such an opportunity occurs us now offers. Among them are only four beyond 45 years old, and none above 50. There are twenty-five prime young men, between sixteen and thirty; forty of the most likely young women, and as fine a set of children as can be shown!!
Terms, &c.
Dec. 18, ‘52.
NEGROES AT AUCTION.—BY J. & L. T. LEVIN.
Will be sold, on Monday, the 3d January next, at the Court House, at 10 o’clock,
22 LIKELY NEGROES, the larger number of which are young and desirable. Among them are Field Hands, Hostlers and Carriage Drivers, House Servants, &c., and of the following ages: Robinson 40, Elsey 34, Yanaky 13, Sylla 11, Anikee 8, Robinson 6, Candy 3, Infant 9, Thomas 35, Die 38, Amey 18, Eldridge 13, Charles 6, Sarah 60, Baket 50, Mary 18, Betty 16, Guy 12, Tilla 9, Lydia 24, Rachel 4, Scipio 2.
The above Negroes are sold for the purpose of making some other investment of the proceeds; the sale will, therefore, be positive.
Terms.—A credit of one, two, and three years, for notes payable60 at either of the Banks, with two or more approved endorsers61, with interest from date. Purchasers to pay for papers.
Dec 8 43
? Black River Watchman will copy the above, and forward bill to the auctioneers for payment.
Poor little Scip!
LIKELY AND VALUABLE GIRL, AT PRIVATE SALE.
A LIKELY GIRL, about seventeen years old (raised in the up-country), a good Nurse and House Servant, can wash and iron, and do plain cooking, and is warranted sound and healthy. She may be seen at our office, where she will remain until sold.
Allen & Phillips,
Auctioneers & Com. Agents.
Dec. 15, ‘49.
PLANTATION AND NEGROES FOR SALE.
The subscriber62, having located in Columbia, offers for sale his Plantation in St. Matthew’s Parish, six miles from the Railroad, containing 1,500 acres, now in a high state of cultivation63, with Dwelling64 House and all necessary Out-buildings.
ALSO,
50 Likely Negroes, with provisions, &c.
The terms will be accommodating. Persons desirous to purchase can call upon the subscriber in Columbia, or on his son at the Plantation.
Dec. 6 41.
T. J. Goodwyn.
FOR SALE.
A LIKELY NEGRO BOY, about twenty-one years old, a good wagoner and field hand. Apply at this office.
Dec. 20 52.
Now, it is scarcely possible that a person who has been accustomed to see such advertisements from boyhood, and to pass them over with as much indifference65 as we pass over advertisements of sofas and chairs for sale, could possibly receive the shock from them which one wholly unaccustomed to such a mode of considering and disposing of human beings would receive. They make no impression upon him. His own family servants, and those of his friends, are not in the market, and he does not realize that any are. Under the advertisements, a hundred such scenes as those described in “Uncle Tom” may have been acting66 in his very vicinity. When Mr. Dickens drew pictures of the want and wretchedness of London life, perhaps a similar incredulity might have been expressed within the silken curtains of many a brilliant parlor. They had never seen such things, and they had always lived in London. But, for all that, the writings of Dickens awoke in noble and aristocratic bosoms67 the sense of a common humanity with the lowly, and led them to feel how much misery69 might exist in their immediate vicinity, of which they were entirely70 unaware71. They have never accused him as a libeller of his country, though he did make manifest much of the suffering, sorrow and abuse, which were in it. The author is led earnestly to entreat72 that the writer of this very paper would examine the “statistics” of the American internal slave-trade; that he would look over the exchange files of some newspaper, and, for a month or two, endeavor to keep some inventory73 of the number of human beings, with hearts, hopes and affections, like his own, who are constantly subjected to all the uncertainties74 and mutations of property relation. The writer is sure that he could not do it long without a generous desire being excited in his bosom68 to become, not an apologist for, but a reformer of, these institutions of his country.
137These papers of South Carolina are not exceptional ones; they may be matched by hundreds of papers from any other state.
Let the reader now stop one minute, and look over again these two weeks’ advertisements. This is not novel-writing—this is fact. See these human beings tumbled promiscuously75 out before the public with horses, mules, second-hand76 buggies, cotton-seed, bedsteads, &c. &c.; and Christian77 ladies, in the same newspaper, saying that they prayerfully study God’s word, and believe their institutions have his sanction! Does he suppose that here, in these two weeks, there have been no scenes of suffering? Imagine the distress78 of these families—the nights of anxiety of these mothers and children, wives and husbands, when these sales are about to take place! Imagine the scenes of the sales! A young lady, a friend of the writer, who spent a winter in Carolina, described to her the sale of a woman and her children. When the little girl, seven years of age, was put on the block, she fell into spasms79 with fear and excitement. She was taken off—recovered and put back—the spasms came back—three times the experiment was tried, and at last the sale of the child was deferred80!
See also the following, from Dr. Elwood Harvey, editor of a western paper, to the Pennsylvania Freeman, Dec. 25, 1846.
We attended a sale of land and other property, near Petersburg, Virginia, and unexpectedly saw slaves sold at public auction. The slaves were told they would not be sold, and were collected in front of the quarters, gazing on the assembled multitude. The land being sold, the auctioneer’s loud voice was heard, “Bring up the niggers!” A shade of astonishment81 and affright passed over their faces, as they stared first at each other, and then at the crowd of purchasers, whose attention was now directed to them. When the horrible truth was revealed to their minds that they were to be sold, and nearest relations and friends parted forever, the effect was indescribably agonizing83. Women snatched up their babes, and ran screaming into the huts. Children hid behind the huts and trees, and the men stood in mute despair. The auctioneer stood on the portico84 of the house, and the “men and boys” were ranging in the yard for inspection85. It was announced that no warranty86 of soundness was given, and purchasers must examine for themselves. A few old men were sold at prices from thirteen to twenty-five dollars, and it was painful to see old men, bowed with years of toil87 and suffering, stand up to be the jest of brutal88 tyrants89, and to hear them tell their disease and worthlessness, fearing that they would be bought by traders for the southern market.
A white boy, about fifteen years old, was placed on the stand. His hair was brown and straight, his skin exactly the same hue90 as other white persons and no discernible trace of negro features in his countenance91.
Some vulgar jests were passed on his color, and two hundred dollars was bid for him; but the audience said “that it was not enough to begin on for such a likely young nigger.” Several remarked that they “would not have him as a gift.” Some said a white nigger was more trouble than he was worth. One man said it was wrong to sell white people. I asked him if it was more wrong than to sell black people. He made no reply. Before he was sold, his mother rushed from the house upon the portico, crying, in frantic92 grief, “My son, O! my boy, they will take away my dear—” Here her voice was lost, as she was rudely pushed back and the door closed. The sale was not for a moment interrupted, and none of the crowd appeared to be in the least affected93 by the scene. The poor boy, afraid to cry before so many strangers, who showed no signs of sympathy or pity, trembled, and wiped the tears from his cheeks with his sleeves. He was sold for about two hundred and fifty dollars. During the sale, the quarters resounded94 with cries and lamentations that made my heart ache. A woman was next called by name. She gave her infant one wild embrace before leaving it with an old woman, and hastened mechanically to obey the call; but stopped, threw her arms aloft, screamed and was unable to move.
One of my companions touched my shoulder and said, “Come, let us leave here; I can bear no more.” We left the ground. The man who drove our carriage from Petersburg had two sons who belonged to the estate—small boys. He obtained a promise that they should not be sold. He was asked if they were his only children; he answered, “All that’s left of eight.” Three others had been sold to the south, and he would never see or hear from them again.
As Northern people do not see such things, they should hear of them often enough to keep them awake to the sufferings of the victims of their indifference.
Such are the common incidents, not the admitted cruelties, of an institution which people have brought themselves to feel is in accordance with God’s word!
Suppose it be conceded now that “the family relation is protected, as far as possible.” The question still arises, How far is it possible? Advertisements of sales to the number of those we have quoted, more or less, appear from week to week in the same papers, in the same neighborhood; and professional traders make it their business to attend them, and buy up victims. Now, if the inhabitants of a given neighborhood charge themselves with the care to see that no families are separated in this whirl of auctioneering, one would fancy that they could have very little else to do. It is a fact, and a most honorable one to our common human nature, that the distress and anguish95 of these poor, helpless creatures does often raise up for them friends among the generous-hearted. Southern men often go to the extent of their means, and beyond their means, to arrest the cruel operations 138of trade, and relieve cases of individual distress. There are men at the South who could tell, if they would, how, when they have spent the last dollar that they thought they could afford on one week, they have been importuned96 by precisely97 such a case the next, and been unable to meet it. There are masters at the South who could tell, if they would, how they have stood and bid against a trader, to redeem98 some poor slave of their own, till the bidding was perfectly ruinous, and they have been obliged to give up by sheer necessity. Good-natured auctioneers know very well how they have often been entreated99 to connive100 at keeping a poor fellow out of the trader’s clutches; and how sometimes they succeed, and sometimes they do not.
The very struggle and effort which generous Southern men make to stop the regular course of trade only shows them the hopelessness of the effort. We fully concede that many of them do as much or more than any of us would do under similar circumstances; and yet they know that what they do amounts, after all, to the merest trifle.
But let us still further reason upon the testimony101 of advertisements. What is to be understood by the following, of the Memphis Eagle and Inquirer, Saturday, Nov. 13, 1852? Under the editorial motto, “Liberty and union, now and forever,” come the following illustrations:
NO. I.
75 NEGROES.
I have just received from the East 75 assorted102 A No. 1 negroes. Call soon, if you want to get the first choice.
Benj. Little.
NO. II.
CASH FOR NEGROES.
I will pay as high cash prices for a few likely young negroes as any trader in this city. Also, will receive and sell on commission at Byrd Hill’s, old stand, on Adams-street, Memphis.
Benj. Little.
NO. III.
500 NEGROES WANTED.
We will pay the highest cash price for all good negroes offered. We invite all those having negroes for sale to call on us at our Mart, opposite the lower steamboat landing. We will also have a large lot of Virginia negroes for sale in the Fall. We have as safe a jail as any in the country, where we can keep negroes safe for those that wish them kept.
Bolton, Dickins & Co.
Under the head of advertisements No. 1, let us humbly103 inquire what “assorted A No. 1 Negroes” means. Is it likely that it means negroes sold in families? What is meant by the invitation. “Call soon if you want to get the first choice”?
So much for Advertisement No. 1. Let us now propound104 a few questions to the initiated105 on No. 2. What does Mr. Benjamin Little mean by saying that he “will pay as high a cash price for a few likely young negroes as any trader in the city”? Do families commonly consist exclusively of “likely young negroes”?
On the third advertisement we are also desirous of some information. Messrs. Bolton, Dickins & Co. state that they expect to receive a large lot of Virginia negroes in the fall.
Unfortunate Messrs. Bolton, Dickins & Co.! Do you suppose that Virginia families will sell their negroes? Have you read Mr. J. Thornton Randolph’s last novel, and have you not learned that old Virginia families never sell to traders? and, more than that, that they always club together and buy up the negroes that are for sale in their neighborhood, and the traders when they appear on the ground are hustled106 off with very little ceremony? One would really think that you had got your impressions on the subject from “Uncle Tom’s Cabin.” For we are told that all who derive17 their views of slavery from this book “regard the families of slaves as utterly unsettled and vagrant.”[18]
But, before we recover from our astonishment on reading this, we take up the Natchez (Mississippi) Courier of Nov. 20th, 1852, and there read:
NEGROES.
The undersigned would respectfully state to the public that he has leased the stand in the Forks of the Road, near Natchez, for a term of years, and that he intends to keep a large lot of NEGROES on hand during the year. He will sell as low or lower than any other trader at this place or in New Orleans.
He has just arrived from Virginia with a very likely lot of Field Men and Women; also, House Servants, three Cooks, and a Carpenter. Call and see.
A fine Buggy Horse, a Saddle Horse and a Carryall, on hand, and for sale.
Thos. G. James.
Natchez, Sept. 28, 1852.
Where in the world did this lucky Mr. Thos. G. James get this likely Virginia “assortment107”? Probably in some county which Mr. Thornton Randolph never visited. And had no families been separated to form 139the assortment? We hear of a lot of field men and women. Where are their children? We hear of a lot of house-servants,—of “three cooks,” and “one carpenter,” as well as a “fine buggy horse.” Had these unfortunate cooks and carpenters no relations? Did no sad natural tears stream down their dark checks, when they were being “assorted” for the Natchez market? Does no mournful heart among them yearn108 to the song of
“O, carry me back to old Virginny”?
Still further, we see in the same paper the following:
SLAVES! SLAVES! SLAVES!
Fresh Arrivals Weekly.—Having established ourselves at the Forks of the Road, near Natchez, for a term of years, we have now on hand, and intend to keep throughout the entire year, a large and well-selected stock of Negroes, consisting of field-hands, house servants, mechanics, cooks, seamstresses, washers, ironers, etc., which we can and will sell as low or lower than any other house here or in New Orleans.
Persons wishing to purchase would do well to call on us before making purchases elsewhere, as our regular arrivals will keep us supplied with a good and general assortment. Our terms are liberal. Give us a call.
Griffin & Pullam.
Natchez, Oct. 15, 1852.—6m.
Free Trader and Concordia Intelligencer copy as above.
Indeed! Messrs. Griffin and Pullam, it seems, are equally fortunate! They are having fresh supplies weekly, and are going to keep a large, well-selected stock constantly on hand, to wit, “field-hands, house-servants, mechanics, cooks, seamstresses, washers, ironers, etc.”
Let us respectfully inquire what is the process by which a trader acquires a well-selected stock. He goes to Virginia to select. He has had orders, say, for one dozen cooks, for half a dozen carpenters, for so many house-servants, &c. &c. Each one of these individuals have their own ties; besides being cooks, carpenters and house-servants, they are also fathers, mothers, husbands, wives; but what of that? They must be selected—it is an assortment that is wanted. The gentleman who has ordered a cook does not, of course, want her five children; and the planter who has ordered a carpenter does not want the cook, his wife. A carpenter is an expensive article, at any rate, as they cost from a thousand to fifteen hundred dollars; and a man who has to pay out this sum for him cannot always afford himself the luxury of indulging his humanity; and as to the children, they must be left in the slave-raising state. For, when the ready-raised article is imported weekly into Natchez or New Orleans, is it likely that the inhabitants will encumber109 themselves with the labor of raising children? No, there must be division of labor in all well-ordered business. The northern slave states raise the article, and the southern ones consume it.
The extracts have been taken from the papers of the more southern states. If, now, the reader has any curiosity to explore the selecting process in the northern states, the daily prints will further enlighten him. In the Daily Virginian of Nov. 19, 1852, Mr. J. B. McLendon thus announces to the Old Dominion that he has settled himself down to attend to the selecting process:
NEGROEES WANTD.
The subscriber, having located in Lynchburg, is giving the highest cash prices for negroes between the ages of 10 and 30 years. Those having negroes for sale may find it to their interest to call on him at the Washington Hotel, Lynchburg, or address him by letter.
All communications will receive prompt attention.
J. B. McLendon.
Nov. 5-dly.
Mr. McLendon distinctly announces that he is not going to take any children under ten years of age, nor any grown people over thirty. Likely young negroes are what he is after:—families, of course, never separated!
Again, in the same paper, Mr. Seth Woodroof is desirous of keeping up the recollection in the community that he also is in the market, as it would appear he has been, some time past. He, likewise, wants negroes between ten and thirty years of age; but his views turn rather on mechanics, blacksmiths, and carpenters,—witness his hand:
NEGROES WANTED.
The subscriber continues in market for Negroes, of both sexes, between the ages of 10 and 30 years, including Mechanics, such as Blacksmiths, Carpenters, and will pay the highest market prices in cash. His office is a newly erected110 brick building on 1st or Lynch street, immediately in rear of the Farmers’ Bank, where he is prepared (having erected buildings with that view) to board negroes sent to Lynchburg for sale or otherwise on as moderate terms, and keep them as secure, as if they were placed in the jail of the Corporation.
Aug 26.
Seth Woodroof.
There is no manner of doubt that this Mr. Seth Woodroof is a gentleman of humanity, and wishes to avoid the separation 140of families as much as possible. Doubtless he ardently111 wishes that all his blacksmiths and carpenters would be considerate, and never have any children under ten years of age; but, if the thoughtless dogs have got them, what’s a humane112 man to do? He has to fill out Mr. This, That, and the Other’s order,—that’s a clear case; and therefore John and Sam must take their last look at their babies, as Uncle Tom did of his when he stood by the rough trundle-bed and dropped into it great, useless tears.
Nay113, my friends, don’t curse poor Mr. Seth Woodroof, because he does the horrible, loathsome114 work of tearing up the living human heart, to make twine115 and shoe-strings for you! It’s disagreeable business enough, he will tell you, sometimes; and, if you must have him to do it for you, treat him civilly, and don’t pretend that you are any better than he.
But the good trade is not confined to the Old Dominion, by any means. See the following extract from a Tennessee paper, the Nashville Gazette, Nov. 23, 1852, where Mr. A. A. McLean, general agent in this kind of business, thus makes known his wants and intentions:
WANTED.
I want to purchase immediately 25 likely NEGROES,—male and female,—between the ages of 15 and 25 years; for which I will pay the highest price in cash.
A. A. McLean, General Agent,
Cherry Street.
Nov. 9
Mr. McLean, it seems, only wants those between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five. This advertisement is twice repeated in the same paper, from which fact we may conjecture116 that the gentleman is very much in earnest in his wants, and entertains rather confident expectations that somebody will be willing to sell. Further, the same gentleman states another want.
WANTED.
I want to purchase, immediately, a Negro man, Carpenter, and will give a good price.
Sept. 29
A. A. McLean, Gen’l Agent.
Mr. McLean does not advertise for his wife and children, or where this same carpenter is to be sent,—whether to the New Orleans market, or up the Red River, or off to some far bayou of the Mississippi, never to look upon wife or child again. But, again, Mr. McLean in the same paper tells us of another want:
WANTED IMMEDIATELY.
A Wet Nurse. Any price will be given for one of good character, constitution, &c. Apply to
A. A. McLean, Gen’l Agent.
And what is to be done with the baby of this wet nurse? Perhaps, at the moment that Mr. McLean is advertising117 for her, she is hushing the little thing in her bosom, and thinking, as many another mother has done, that it is about the brightest, prettiest little baby that ever was born; for, singularly enough, even black mothers do fall into this delusion118 sometimes. No matter for all this,—she is wanted for a wet nurse! Aunt Prue can take her baby, and raise it on corn-cake, and what not. Off with her to Mr. McLean!
See, also, the following advertisement of the good State of Alabama, which shows how the trade is thriving there. Mr. S. N. Brown, in the Advertiser and Gazette, Montgomery, Alabama, holds forth as follows:
NEGROES FOR SALE.
S. N. Brown takes this method of informing his old patrons, and others waiting to purchase Slaves, that he has now on hand, of his own selection and purchasing, a lot of likely young Negroes, consisting of Men, Boys, and Women, Field Hands, and superior House Servants, which he offers and will sell as low as the times will warrant. Office on Market-street, above the Montgomery Hall, at Lindsay’s Old Stand, where he intends to keep slaves for sale on his own account, and not on commission,—therefore thinks he can give satisfaction to those who patronize him.
Montgomery, Ala., Sept. 13, 1852. twtf (J)
Where were these boys and girls of Mr. Brown selected, let us ask. How did their fathers and mothers feel when they were “selected”? Emmeline was taken out of one family, and George out of another. The judicious119 trader has travelled through wide regions of country, leaving in his track wailing120 and anguish. A little incident, which has recently been the rounds of the papers, may perhaps illustrate121 some of the scenes he has occasioned:
INCIDENT OF SLAVERY.
A negro woman belonging to Geo. M. Garrison122, of Polk Co., killed four of her children, by cutting their throats while they were asleep, on Thursday night, the 2d inst., and then put an end to her own existence by cutting her throat. Her master knows of no cause for the horrid123 act, unless it be that she heard him speak of selling her and two of her children, and keeping the others.
The uncertainty124 of the master in this case is edifying125. He knows that negroes cannot be expected to have the feelings of cultivated people;—and yet, here is a case where the creature really acts unaccountably, and he can’t think of any cause except that he was going to sell her from her children.
But, compose yourself, dear reader; there was no great harm done. These were all 141poor people’s children, and some of them, though not all, were black; and that makes all the difference in the world, you know!
But Mr. Brown is not alone in Montgomery. Mr. J. W. Lindsey wishes to remind the people of his dép?t.
100 NEGROES FOR SALE.
At my depot126, on Commerce-street, immediately between the Exchange Hotel and F. M. Gilmer, Jr.’s Warehouse127, where I will be receiving, from time to time, large lots of Negroes during the season, and will sell on as accommodating terms as any house in this city. I would respectfully request my old customers and friends to call and examine my stock.
Jno. W. Lindsey.
Montgomery, Nov. 2, 1852.
Mr. Lindsey is going to be receiving, from time to time, all the season, and will sell as cheap as anybody; so there’s no fear of the supply’s falling off. And, lo! in the same paper, Messrs. Sanders & Foster press their claims also on the public notice.
NEGROES FOR SALE.
The undersigned have bought out the well-known establishment of Eckles & Brown, where they have now on hand a large lot of likely young Negroes, to wit: Men, Women, Boys and Girls, good field-hands. Also, several good House Servants and Mechanics of all kinds. The subscribers intend to keep constantly on hand a large assortment of Negroes, comprising every description. Persons wishing to purchase will find it much to their interest to call and examine previous to buying elsewhere.
Sanders & Foster.
April 13.
Messrs. Sanders & Foster are going to have an assortment also. All their negroes are to be young and likely; the trashy old fathers and mothers are all thrown aside like a heap of pig-weed, after one has been weeding a garden.
Query128: Are these Messrs. Sanders & Foster, and J. W. Lindsey, and S. N. Brown, and McLean, and Woodroof, and McLendon, all members of the church, in good and regular standing129? Does the question shock you? Why so? Why should they not be? The Rev82. Dr. Smylie, of Mississippi, in a document endorsed130 by two presbyteries, says distinctly that the Bible gives a right to buy and sell slaves.[19]
If the Bible guarantees this right, and sanctions this trade, why should it shock you to see the slave-trader at the communion-table? Do you feel that there is blood on his hands,—the blood of human hearts, which he has torn asunder131? Do you shudder132 when he touches the communion-bread, and when he drinks the cup which “whosoever drinketh unworthily drinketh damnation to himself”? But who makes the trader? Do not you? Do you think that the trader’s profession is a healthy one for the soul? Do you think the scenes with which he must be familiar, and the deeds he must do, in order to keep up an assortment of negroes for your convenience, are such things as Jesus Christ approves? Do you think they tend to promote his growth in grace, and to secure his soul’s salvation133? Or is it so important for you to have assorted negroes that the traders must not only be turned out of good society in this life, but run the risk of going to hell forever, for your accommodation?
But let us search the Southern papers, and see if we cannot find some evidence of that humanity which avoids the separation of families, as far as possible. In the Argus, published at Weston, Missouri, Nov. 5, 1852, see the following:
A NEGRO FOR SALE.
I wish to sell a black girl about 24 years old, a good cook and washer, handy with a needle, can spin and weave. I wish to sell her in the neighborhood of Camden Point; if not sold there in a short time, I will hunt the best market; or I will trade her for two small ones, a boy and girl.
M. Doyal.
Considerate Mr. Doyal! He is opposed to the separation of families, and, therefore, wishes to sell this woman in the neighborhood of Camden Point, where her family ties are,—perhaps her husband and children, her brothers or sisters. He will not separate her from her family if it is possible to avoid it; that is to say, if he can get as much for her without; but, if he can’t, he will “hunt the best market.” What more would you have of Mr. Doyal?
How speeds the blessed trade in the State of Maryland?—Let us take the Baltimore Sun of Nov. 23, 1852.
Mr. J. S. Donovan thus advertises the Christian public of the accommodations of his jail:
CASH FOR NEGROES.
The undersigned continues, at his old stand, No. 13 Camden St., to pay the highest price for Negroes. Persons bringing Negroes by railroad or steamboat will find it very convenient to secure their Negroes, as my Jail is adjoining the Railroad Depot and near the Steamboat Landings. Negroes received for safe keeping.
J. S. Donovan.
142Messrs. B. M. & W. L. Campbell, in the respectable old stand of Slatter, advertise as follows:
SLAVES WANTED.
We are at all times purchasing Slaves, paying the highest cash prices. Persons wishing to sell will please call at 242 Pratt St. (Slatter’s old stand). Communications attended to.
B. M. & W. L. Campbell.
In another column, however, Mr. John Denning134 has his season advertisement, in terms which border on the sublime135:
5000 NEGROES WANTED.
I will pay the highest prices, in cash, for 5000 Negroes, with good titles, slaves for life or for a term of years, in large or small families, or single negroes. I will also purchase Negroes restricted to remain in the State, that sustain good characters. Families never separated. Persons having Slaves for sale will please call and see me, as I am always in the market with the cash. Communications promptly136 attended to, and liberal commissions paid, by John N. Denning, No. 18 S. Frederick street, between Baltimore and Second streets, Baltimore, Maryland. Trees in front of the house.
Mr. John Denning, also, is a man of humanity. He never separates families. Don’t you see it in his advertisement? If a man offers him a wife without her husband, Mr. John Denning won’t buy her. O, no! His five thousand are all unbroken families; he never takes any other; and he transports them whole and entire. This is a comfort to reflect upon, certainly.
See, also, the Democrat137, published in Cambridge, Maryland, Dec. 8, 1852. A gentleman gives this pictorial138 representation of himself, with the proclamation to the slave-holders of Dorchester and adjacent counties that he is again in the market:
NEGROES WANTED.
I wish to inform the slave-holders of Dorchester and the adjacent counties that I am again in the Market. Persons having negroes that are slaves for life to dispose of will find it to their interest to see me before they sell, as I am determined139 to pay the highest prices in cash that the Southern market will justify140. I can be found at A. Hall’s Hotel in Easton, where I will remain until the first day of July next. Communications addressed to me at Easton, or information given to Wm. Bell in Cambridge, will meet with prompt attention.
Wm. Harker.
Mr. Harker is very accommodating. He keeps himself informed as to the state of the southern market, and will give the very highest price that it will justify. Moreover, he will be on hand till July, and will answer any letters from the adjoining country on the subject. On one point he ought to be spoken to. He has not advertised that he does not separate families. It is a mere matter of taste, to be sure; but then some well-disposed people like to see it on a trader’s card, thinking it has a more creditable appearance; and probably, Mr. Harker, if he reflects a little, will put it in next time. It takes up very little room, and makes a good appearance.
We are occasionally reminded, by the advertisements for runaways141, to how small an extent it is found possible to avoid the separation of families: as in the Richmond Whig of Nov. 5, 1852:
$10 REWARD.
We are requested by Henry P. Davis to offer a reward of $10 for the apprehension142 of a negro man named Henry, who ran away from the said Davis’ farm near Petersburg, on Thursday, the 27th October. Said slave came from near Lynchburg, Va., purchased of —— Cock, and has a wife in Halifax county, Va. He has recently been employed on the South Side Railroad. He may be in the neighborhood of his wife.
Pulliam & Davis, Aucts., Richmond.
It seems to strike the advertiser as possible that Henry may be in the neighborhood of his wife. We should not at all wonder if he were.
The reader, by this time, is in possession of some of those statistics of which the South Carolinian speaks, when he says,
We feel confident, if statistics could be had, to throw light upon the subject, we should find that there is less separation of families among the negroes than occurs with almost any other class of persons.
In order to give some little further idea of the extent to which this kind of property is continually changing hands, see the following calculation, which has been made from sixty-four Southern newspapers, taken very much at random143. The papers were all published in the last two weeks of the month of November, 1852.
The negroes are advertised sometimes by name, sometimes in definite numbers, and sometimes in “lots,” “assortments,” and other indefinite terms. We present the result of this estimate, far as it must fall from a fair representation of the facts, in a tabular form.
Here is recorded, in only eleven papers, the sale of eight hundred forty-nine slaves in two weeks in Virginia; the state where Mr. J. Thornton Randolph describes such an event as a separation of families being a thing that “we read of in novels sometimes.”
States where published. No. of Papers consulted. No. of Negroes advertised. No. of Lots. No. of Runaways described.
Virginia, 11 849 7 15
Kentucky, 5 238 1 7
Tennessee, 8 385 4 17
S. Carolina, 12 852 2 7
Georgia, 6 98 2 0
Alabama, 10 549 5 5
Mississippi, 8 669 5 6
Louisiana, 4 460 4 35
64 4100 30 92
In South Carolina, where the writer in Fraser’s Magazine dates from, we have during these same two weeks a sale of eight hundred and fifty-two recorded by one dozen papers. Verily, we must apply to the newspapers of his state the same language which he applies to “Uncle Tom’s Cabin:” “Were our views of the system of slavery to be derived from these papers, we should regard the families of slaves as utterly unsettled and vagrant.”
The total, in sixty-four papers, in different states, for only two weeks, is four thousand one hundred, besides ninety-two lots, as they are called.
And now, who is he who compares the hopeless, returnless separation of the negro from his family, to the voluntary separation of the freeman, whom necessary business interest takes for a while from the bosom of his family? Is not the lot of the slave bitter enough, without this last of mockeries and worst of insults? Well may they say, in their anguish, “Our soul is exceedingly filled with the scorning of them that are at ease, and with the contempt of the proud!”
From the poor negro, exposed to bitterest separation, the law jealously takes away the power of writing. For him the gulf144 of separation yawns black and hopeless, with no redeeming145 signal. Ignorant of geography, he knows not whither he is going, or where he is, or how to direct a letter. To all intents and purposes, it is a separation hopeless as that of death, and as final.
18. Article in Fraser’s Magazine for October, by a South Carolinian.
19. “If language can convey a clear and definite meaning at all, I know not how it can more unequivocally or more plainly present to the mind any thought or idea than the twenty-fifth chapter of Leviticus clearly or unequivocally establishes the fact that slavery or bondage146 was sanctioned by God himself; and that ‘buying, selling, holding and bequeathing’ slaves, as property, are regulations which were established by himself.”—Smylie on Slavery.
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inevitably
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| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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imprisoned
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parlor
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| n.店铺，营业室；会客室，客厅 | |
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stoutly
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graphic
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dominion
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outrage
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stringent
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indirectly
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injustice
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peculiar
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evasion
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deception
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professing
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derive
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derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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utterly
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vagrant
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forth
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sanguine
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sincerity
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perfectly
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phenomena
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amiable
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motives
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immediate
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infancy
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conspire
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mules
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fodder
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obtuseness
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apparently
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calves
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| n.(calf的复数)笨拙的男子，腓；腿肚子( calf的名词复数 )；牛犊；腓；小腿肚v.生小牛( calve的第三人称单数 )；（冰川）崩解；生（小牛等），产（犊）；使（冰川）崩解 | |
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scattered
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dispersed
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abridged
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equity
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bidder
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| n.(拍卖时的)出价人，报价人，投标人 | |
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administrator
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hogs
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| n.（尤指喂肥供食用的）猪( hog的名词复数 )；（供食用的）阉公猪；彻底地做某事；自私的或贪婪的人 | |
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annexed
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plantation
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creek
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tracts
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| 大片土地( tract的名词复数 )； 地带； （体内的）道； （尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的）短文 | |
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virtue
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sundry
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levied
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| 征（兵）( levy的过去式和过去分词 )； 索取； 发动（战争）； 征税 | |
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50
miller
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| n.磨坊主 | |
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51
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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52
writs
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| n.书面命令，令状( writ的名词复数 ) | |
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53
auction
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| n.拍卖；拍卖会；vt.拍卖 | |
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54
wagons
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| n.四轮的运货马车( wagon的名词复数 )；铁路货车；小手推车 | |
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55
utensils
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| 器具，用具，器皿( utensil的名词复数 )； 器物 | |
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56
shovel
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| n.铁锨，铲子，一铲之量；v.铲，铲出 | |
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57
tongs
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| n.钳；夹子 | |
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58
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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59
mattresses
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| 褥垫，床垫( mattress的名词复数 ) | |
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60
payable
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| adj.可付的，应付的，有利益的 | |
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61
endorsers
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| n.背书人，转让人( endorser的名词复数 ) | |
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62
subscriber
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| n.用户，订户；（慈善机关等的）定期捐款者；预约者；签署者 | |
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63
cultivation
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| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
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64
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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65
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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66
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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67
bosoms
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| 胸部( bosom的名词复数 )； 胸怀； 女衣胸部（或胸襟）； 和爱护自己的人在一起的情形 | |
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68
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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69
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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70
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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71
unaware
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| a.不知道的，未意识到的 | |
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72
entreat
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| v.恳求，恳请 | |
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73
inventory
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| n.详细目录，存货清单 | |
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74
uncertainties
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| 无把握( uncertainty的名词复数 )； 不确定； 变化不定； 无把握、不确定的事物 | |
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75
promiscuously
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| adv.杂乱地，混杂地 | |
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76
second-hand
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| adj.用过的，旧的，二手的 | |
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77
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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78
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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79
spasms
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| n.痉挛( spasm的名词复数 )；抽搐；（能量、行为等的）突发；发作 | |
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80
deferred
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| adj.延期的，缓召的v.拖延，延缓，推迟( defer的过去式和过去分词 )；服从某人的意愿，遵从 | |
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81
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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82
rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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83
agonizing
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| adj.痛苦难忍的；使人苦恼的v.使极度痛苦；折磨(agonize的ing形式) | |
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84
portico
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| n.柱廊，门廊 | |
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85
inspection
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| n.检查，审查，检阅 | |
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86
warranty
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| n.担保书，证书，保单 | |
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87
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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88
brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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89
tyrants
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| 专制统治者( tyrant的名词复数 )； 暴君似的人； （古希腊的）僭主； 严酷的事物 | |
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90
hue
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| n.色度；色调；样子 | |
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91
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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92
frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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93
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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94
resounded
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| v.（指声音等）回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 )；产生回响；（指某处）回荡着声音 | |
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95
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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96
importuned
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| v.纠缠，向（某人）不断要求( importune的过去式和过去分词 )；（妓女）拉（客） | |
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97
precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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98
redeem
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| v.买回，赎回，挽回，恢复，履行（诺言等） | |
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99
entreated
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| 恳求，乞求( entreat的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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100
connive
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| v.纵容；密谋 | |
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101
testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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102
assorted
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| adj.各种各样的，各色俱备的 | |
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103
humbly
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| adv. 恭顺地，谦卑地 | |
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104
propound
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| v.提出 | |
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105
initiated
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| n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始，创始，启蒙，介绍加入 | |
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106
hustled
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| 催促（hustle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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107
assortment
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| n.分类，各色俱备之物，聚集 | |
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108
yearn
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| v.想念；怀念；渴望 | |
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109
encumber
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| v.阻碍行动，妨碍，堆满 | |
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110
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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111
ardently
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| adv.热心地，热烈地 | |
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112
humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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113
nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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114
loathsome
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| adj.讨厌的，令人厌恶的 | |
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115
twine
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| v.搓，织，编饰；（使）缠绕 | |
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116
conjecture
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| n./v.推测，猜测 | |
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117
advertising
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| n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的 | |
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118
delusion
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| n.谬见，欺骗，幻觉，迷惑 | |
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119
judicious
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| adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的 | |
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120
wailing
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| v.哭叫，哀号( wail的现在分词 )；沱 | |
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121
illustrate
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| v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图 | |
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122
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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123
horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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124
uncertainty
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| n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物 | |
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125
edifying
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| adj.有教训意味的，教训性的，有益的v.开导，启发( edify的现在分词 ) | |
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126
depot
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| n.仓库，储藏处；公共汽车站；火车站 | |
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127
warehouse
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| n.仓库；vt.存入仓库 | |
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128
query
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| n.疑问，问号，质问；vt.询问，表示怀疑 | |
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129
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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130
endorsed
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| vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品 | |
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131
asunder
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| adj.分离的，化为碎片 | |
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132
shudder
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| v.战粟，震动，剧烈地摇晃；n.战粟，抖动 | |
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133
salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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134
denning
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| vi.穴居（den的现在分词形式） | |
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135
sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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136
promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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137
democrat
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| n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员 | |
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138
pictorial
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| adj.绘画的；图片的；n．画报 | |
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139
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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140
justify
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| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
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141
runaways
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| （轻而易举的）胜利( runaway的名词复数 ) | |
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142
apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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143
random
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| adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动 | |
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144
gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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145
redeeming
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| 补偿的，弥补的 | |
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146
bondage
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| n.奴役，束缚 | |
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