ABOUT this time, believing it good for me to settle, and thinking seriouslyabout a companion, my heart was turned to the Lord with desires that He wouldgive me wisdom to proceed therein agreeably to His will, and He was pleased togive me a well-inclined damsel, Sarah Ellis, to whom I was married the 18th ofEighth Month, 1749.
In the fall of the year 1750 died my father, Samuel Woolman, of a fever, agedabout sixty years. In his lifetime he manifested much care for us his children,that in our youth we might learn to fear the Lord; and often endeavoured toimprint in our minds the true principles of virtue1, and particularly to cherishin us a spirit of tenderness, not only towards poor people, but also towardsall creatures of which we had the command.
After my return from Carolina in 1746, I made some observations on keepingslaves which some time before his decease I showed to him; he perused2 themanuscript, proposed a few alterations3, and appeared well satisfied that Ifound a concern on that account. In his last sickness, as I was watching withhim one night, he being so far spent that there was no expectation of hisrecovery, though he had the perfect use of his understanding, he asked meconcerning the manuscript, and whether I expected soon to proceed to take theadvice of Friends in publishing it? After some further conversation thereon, hesaid, "I have all along been deeply affected4 with the oppression of the poornegroes; and now, at last, my concern for them is as great as ever."By his direction I had written his will in a time of health, and that nighthe desired me to read it to him, which I did; and he said it was agreeable tohis mind. He then made mention of his end, which he believed was near; andsignified that, though he was sensible of many imperfections in the course ofhis life, yet his experience of the power of truth, and of the love andgoodness of God from time to time, even till now, was such that he had no doubtthat on leaving this life he should enter into one more happy.
The next day his sister Elizabeth came to see him, and told him of thedecease of their sister Anne, who died a few days before; he then said, "Ireckon Sister Anne was free to leave this world?" Elizabeth said she was. Hethen said, "I also am free to leave it"; and being in great weakness of bodysaid, "I hope I shall shortly go to rest." He continued in a weighty frame ofmind, and was sensible till near the last.
Second of Ninth Month, 1751. -- Feeling drawings in my mind to visit Friendsat the Great Meadows, in the upper part of West Jersey5, with the unity6 of ourMonthly Meeting I went there, and had some searching labourious exerciseamongst Friends in those parts, and found inward peace therein.
Ninth Month, 1753. -- In company with my well-esteemed friend, John Sykes,and with the unity of Friends, I travelled about two weeks, visiting Friends inBuck's County. We laboured in the love of the gospel, according to the measure received; and through the mercies of Him who is strength to the poor who trustin Him, we found satisfaction in our visit. In the next winter, way opening tovisit Friends' families within the compass of our Monthly Meeting, partly bythe labours of two Friends from Pennsylvania, I joined in some part of thework, having had a desire some time that it might go forward amongst us.
About this time, a person at some distance lying sick, his brother came to meto write his will. I knew he had slaves, and, asking his brother, was told heintended to leave them as slaves to his children. As writing is a profitableemploy, and as offending sober people was disagreeable to my inclination8, I wasstraitened in my mind; but as I looked to the Lord, he inclined my heart to Histestimony. I told the man that I believed the practice of continuing slavery tothis people was not right, and that I had a scruple9 in my mind against doingwritings of that kind; that though many in our Society kept them as slaves,still I was not easy to be concerned in it, and desired to be excused fromgoing to write the will. I spake to him in the fear of the Lord, and he made noreply to what I said, but went away; he also had some concerns in the practice,and I thought he was displeased10 with me. In this case I had fresh confirmationthat acting11 contrary to present outward interest, from a motive12 of divine loveand in regard to truth and righteousness, and thereby13 incurring14 the resentmentsof people, opens the way to a treasure better than silver, and to a friendshipexceeding the friendship of men.
The manuscript before mentioned having laid by me several years, thepublication of it rested weightily upon me, and this year I offered it to therevisal of my friends, who, having examined and made some small alterations init, directed a number of copies thereof to be published and dispersed15 amongstmembers of our Society.(1) In the year 1754 I found my mind drawn16 to join in avisit to Friends' families belonging to Chesterfield Monthly Meeting, andhaving the approbation17 of our own, I went to their Monthly Meeting in order toconfer with Friends, and see if way opened for it. I had conference with someof their members, the proposal having been opened before in their meeting, andone Friend agreed to join with me as a companion for a beginning; but whenmeeting was ended, I felt great distress18 of mind, and doubted what way to take,or whether to go home and wait for greater clearness. I kept my distresssecret, and, going with a Friend to his house, my desires were to the greatShepherd for His heavenly instruction.
In the morning I felt easy to proceed on the visit, though very low in mymind. As mine eye was turned to the Lord, waiting in families in deep reverencebefore Him, He was pleased graciously to afford help, so that we had manycomfortable opportunities, and it appeared as a fresh visitation to some youngpeople. I spent several weeks this winter in the service, part of which timewas employed near home. And again in the following winter I was several weeksin the same service; some part of the time at Shrewsbury, in company with my beloved friend, John Sykes; and I have cause humbly20 to acknowledge that throughthe goodness of the Lord our hearts were at times enlarged in His love, andstrength was given to go through the trials which, in the course of our visit,attended us.
From a disagreement between the powers of England and France, it was now atime of trouble on this continent, and an epistle to Friends went forth21 fromour general Spring Meeting, which I thought good to give a place in thisJournal.
An Epistle from our General Spring Meeting of ministers and elders forPennsylvania and New Jersey, held at Philadelphia, from the 29th of the ThirdMonth to the 1st of the Fourth Month, inclusive, 1755.
TO FRIENDS ON THE CONTINENT OF AMERICA: -DEAR FRIENDS, --In an humble22 sense of divine goodness, and the graciouscontinuation of God's love to His people, we tenderly salute23 you, and are atthis time therein engaged in mind, that all of us who profess24 the truth, asheld forth and published by our worthy25 predecessors26 in this latter age of theworld, may keep near to that Life which is the Light of men, and bestrengthened to hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering, thatour trust may not be in man, but in the Lord alone, who ruleth in the army ofheaven and in the kingdoms of men, before whom the earth is "as the dust of thebalance, and her inhabitants as grasshoppers27" (Isa. xl. 22).
Being convinced that the gracious design of the Almighty28 in sending His Soninto the world was to repair the breach30 made by disobedience, to finish sin andtransgression, that His kingdom might come, and His will be done on earth as itis in heaven, we have found it to be our duty to cease from those nationalcontests which are productive of misery31 and bloodshed, and submit our cause toHim, the Most High, whose tender love to His children exceeds the most warmaffections of natural parents, and who hath promised to His seed throughout theearth, as to one individual, "I will never leave thee, nor forsake32 thee" (Heb.
xiii. 5). And we, through the gracious dealings of the Lord our God, have hadexperience of that work which is carried on, "not by earthly might, nor bypower, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts" (Zech. iv. 6). By whichoperation that spiritual kingdom is set up, which is to subdue33 and break inpieces all kingdoms that oppose it, and shall stand forever. In a deep sensethereof, and of the safety, stability, and peace that are in it, we aredesirous that all who profess the truth may be inwardly acquainted with it, andthereby be qualified34 to conduct ourselves in all parts of our life as becomesour peaceable profession; and we trust, as there is a faithful continuance todepend wholly upon the Almighty arm, from one generation to another, thepeaceable kingdom will gradually be extended "from sea to sea, and from theriver to the ends of the earth" (Zech. ix. 10), to the completion of those prophecies already begun, that "nation shall not lift up a sword againstnation, nor learn war any more" (Isa. ii. 4; Micah iv. 3).
And, dearly beloved friends, seeing that we have these promises, andbelieve that God is beginning to fulfil them, let us constantly endeavour tohave our minds sufficiently35 disentangled from the surfeiting36 cares of thislife, and redeemed37 from the love of the world, that no earthly possessions norenjoyments may bias38 our judgments39, or turn us from that resignation and entiretrust in God to which His blessing41 is most surely annexed42; then may we say,"Our Redeemer is mighty29, he will plead our cause for us" (Jer. l. 34). And if,for the further promoting of His most gracious purposes in the earth, He shouldgive us to taste of that bitter cup of which His faithful ones have oftenpartaken, O that we might be rightly prepared to receive it!
And now, dear friends, with respect to the commotions43 and stirrings of thepowers of the earth at this time near us, we are desirous that none of us maybe moved thereat, but repose44 ourselves in the munition45 of that rock which allthese shakings shall not move, even in the knowledge and feeling of the eternalpower of God, keeping us subjectly given up to His heavenly will, and feelingit daily to mortify46 that which remains47 in any of us which is of this world; forthe worldly part in any is the changeable part, and that is up and down, fulland empty, joyful48 and sorrowful, as things go well or ill in this world. For asthe truth is but one, and many are made partakers of its spirit, so the worldis but one, and many are made partakers of the spirit of it; and so many as dopartake of it, so many will be straitened and perplexed49 with it. But they whoare single to the truth, waiting daily to feel the life and virtue of it intheir hearts, shall rejoice in the midst of adversity, and have to experiencewith the prophet, that, "although the fig-tree shall not blossom, neither shallfruit be in the vines; the labour of the olive shall fail, and the fields shallyield no meat; the flock shall be cut off from the fold, and there shall be noherd in the stalls; yet will they rejoice in the Lord, and joy in the God oftheir salvation50" (Hab. iii. 17, 18).
If, contrary to this, we profess the truth, and, not living under the powerand influence of it, are producing fruits disagreeable to the purity thereof,and trust to the strength of man to support ourselves, our confidence thereinwill be vain. For He who removed the hedge from His vineyard, and gave it to betrodden under foot by reason of the wild grapes it produced (Isa. v. 6),remains unchangeable; and if, for the chastisement51 of wickedness and thefurther promoting of His own glory, He doth arise, even to shake terribly theearth, who then may oppose Him and prosper52?
We remain, in the love of the gospel, your friends and brethren.
(Signed by fourteen Friends.)Scrupling to do writings relative to keeping slaves has been a means ofsundry small trials to me, in which I have so evidently felt my own will setaside, that I think it good to mention a few of them. Tradesmen and retailersof goods, who depend on their business for a living, are naturally inclined tokeep the good-will of their customers; nor is it a pleasant thing for young mento be under any necessity to question the judgment40 or honesty of elderly men,and more especially of such as have a fair reputation. Deep-rooted customs,though wrong, are not easily altered; but it is the duty of all to be firm inthat which they certainly know is right for them. A charitable, benevolent54 man,well acquainted with a negro, may, I believe, under some circumstances, keephim in his family as a servant, on no other motives55 than the negro's good; butman, as man, knows not what shall be after him, nor hath he any assurance thathis children will attain56 to that perfection in wisdom and goodness necessaryrightly to exercise such power; hence it is clear to me, that I ought not to bethe scribe where wills are drawn in which some children are made sale-mastersover others during life.
About this time an ancient man of good esteem7 in the neighbourhood came to myhouse to get his will written. He had young negroes, and I asked him privatelyhow he purposed to dispose of them. He told me. I then said, "I cannot writethy will without breaking my own peace," and respectfully gave him my reasonsfor it. He signified that he had a choice that I should have written it, but asI could not, consistently with my conscience, he did not desire it, and so hegot it written by some other person. A few years after, there being greatalterations in his family, he came again to get me to write his will. Hisnegroes were yet young, and his son, to whom he intended to give them, was,since he first spoke58 to me, from a libertine59 become a sober young man, and hesupposed that I would have been free on that account to write it. We had muchfriendly talk on the subject, and then deferred60 it. A few days after he cameagain and directed their freedom, and I then wrote his will.
Near the time that the last-mentioned Friend first spoke to me, a neighbourreceived a bad bruise61 in his body and sent for me to bleed him, which havingdone, he desired me to write his will. I took notes, and amongst other thingshe told me to which of his children he gave his young negro. I considered thepain and distress he was in, and knew not how it would end, so I wrote hiswill, save only that part concerning his slave, and carrying it to his bedside,read it to him. I then told him in a friendly way that I could not write anyinstruments by which my fellow-creatures were made slaves, without bringingtrouble on my own mind. I let him know that I charged nothing for what I haddone, and desired to be excused from doing the other part in the way heproposed. We then had a serious conference on the subject; at length, heagreeing to set her free, I finished his will.
Having found drawings in my mind to visit Friends on Long Island, afterobtaining a certificate from our Monthly Meeting, I set off 12th of FifthMonth, 1756. When I reached the island, I lodged62 the first night at the houseof my dear friend, Richard Hallett. The next day being the first of the week, Iwas at the meeting in New Town, in which we experienced the renewedmanifestations of the love of Jesus Christ to the comfort of the honest-hearted. I went that night to Flushing, and the next day I and my belovedfriend, Matthew Franklin, crossed the ferry at White Stone; were at threemeetings on the main, and then returned to the island, where I spent theremainder of the week in visiting meetings. The Lord, I believe, hath a peoplein those parts who are honestly inclined to serve him; but many I fear, are toomuch clogged63 with the things of this life, and do not come forward bearing thecross in such faithfulness as He calls for.
My mind was deeply engaged in this visit, both in public and private, and atseveral places where I was, on observing that they had slaves, I found myselfunder a necessity, in a friendly way, to labour with them on that subject;expressing, as way opened, the inconsistency of that practice with the purityof the Christian64 religion, and the ill effects of it manifested amongst us.
The latter end of the week their Yearly Meeting began; at which were ourfriends, John Scarborough, Jane Hoskins, and Susannah Brown, from Pennsylvania.
The public meetings were large, and measurably favoured with divine goodness.
The exercise of my mind at this meeting was chiefly on account of those whowere considered as the foremost rank in the Society; and in a meeting ofministers and elders way opened for me to express in some measure what lay uponme; and when Friends were met for transacting65 the affairs of the church, havingsat awhile silent, I felt a weight on my mind, and stood up; and through thegracious regard of our Heavenly Father, strength was given fully57 to clearmyself of a burden which for some days had been increasing upon me.
Through the humbling66 dispensations of divine Providence67, men are sometimesfitted for His service. The messages of the prophet Jeremiah were sodisagreeable to the people, and so adverse68 to the spirit they lived in, that hebecame the object of their reproach, and in the weakness of nature he thoughtof desisting from his prophetic office; but saith he, "His word was in my heartas a burning fire shut up in my bones; and I was weary with forbearing, andcould not stay." I saw at this time that, if I was honest in declaring thatwhich truth opened in me, I could not please all men; and I laboured to becontent in the way of my duty, however disagreeable to my own inclination.
After this I went homeward, taking Woodbridge and Plainfield in my way, in bothwhich meetings the pure influence of divine love was manifested, in an humblingsense whereof I went home. I had been out about twenty-four days, and rode While I was out on this journey my heart was much affected with a sense ofthe state of the churches in our southern provinces; and believing the Lord wascalling me to some further labour amongst them, I was bowed in reverence19 beforeHim, with fervent69 desires that I might find strength to resign myself to Hisheavenly will.
Until this year, 1756, I continued to retail53 goods, besides following mytrade as a tailor; about which time I grew uneasy on account of my businessgrowing too cumbersome70. I had begun with selling trimmings for garments, andfrom thence proceeded to sell cloths and linens71; and at length, having got aconsiderable shop of goods, my trade increased every year, and the way to largebusiness appeared open, but I felt a stop in my mind.
Through the mercies of the Almighty, I had, in a good degree, learned to becontent with a plain way of living. I had but a small family; and, on seriousconsideration, believed truth did not require me to engage much in cumberingaffairs. It had been my general practice to buy and sell things really useful.
Things that served chiefly to please the vain mind in people, I was not easy totrade in; seldom did it; and whenever I did I found it weaken me as aChristian.
The increase of business became my burden; for though my natural inclinationwas toward merchandise, yet I believed truth required me to live more free fromoutward cumbers; and there was now a strife72 in my mind between the two. In thisexercise my prayers were put up to the Lord, who graciously heard me, and gaveme a heart resigned to His holy will. Then I lessened73 my outward business, and,as I had opportunity, told my customers of my intentions, that they mightconsider what shop to turn to; and in a while I wholly laid down merchandise,and followed my trade as a tailor by myself, having no apprentice74. I also had anursery of apple trees, in which I employed some of my time in hoeing,grafting, trimming, and inoculating75.(2) In merchandise it is the custom where Ilived to sell chiefly on credit, and poor people often get in debt; whenpayment is expected, not having wherewith to pay, their creditors76 often sue forit at law. Having frequently observed occurrences of this kind, I found it goodfor me to advise poor people to take such goods as were most useful, and notcostly.
In the time of trading I had an opportunity of seeing that the too liberaluse of spirituous liquors and the custom of wearing too costly77 apparel led somepeople into great inconveniences; and that these two things appear to be oftenconnected with each other. By not attending to that use of things which isconsistent with universal righteousness, there is an increase of labour whichextends beyond what our Heavenly Father intends for us. And by great labour,and often by much sweating, there is even among such as are not drunkards acraving of liquors to revive the spirits; that partly by the luxurious78 drinkingof some, and partly by the drinking of others (led to it through immoderate labour), very great quantities of rum are every year consumed in our colonies;the greater part of which we should have no need of, did we steadily79 attend topure wisdom.
When men take pleasure in feeling their minds elevated with strong drink, andso indulge their appetite as to disorder80 their understandings, neglect theirduty as members of a family or civil society, and cast off all regard toreligion, their case is much to be pitied. And where those whose lives are forthe most part regular, and whose examples have a strong influence on the mindsof others, adhere to some customs which powerfully draw to the use of morestrong liquor than pure wisdom allows, it hinders the spreading of the spiritof meekness81, and strengthens the hands of the more excessive drinkers. This isa case to be lamented82.
Every degree of luxury hath some connection with evil; and if those whoprofess to be disciples83 of Christ, and are looked upon as leaders of thepeople, have that mind in them which was also in Christ, and so stand separatefrom every wrong way, it is a means of help to the weaker. As I have sometimesbeen much spent in the heat and have taken spirits to revive me, I have foundby experience that in such circumstances the mind is not so calm, nor so fitlydisposed for divine meditation84, as when all such extremes are avoided. I havefelt an increasing care to attend to that Holy Spirit which sets right boundsto our desires, and leads those who faithfully follow it, to apply all thegifts of divine Providence to the purposes for which they were intended. Didthose who have the care of great estates attend with singleness of heart tothis heavenly Instructor85, which so opens and enlarges the mind as to cause mento love their neighbours as themselves, they would have wisdom given them tomanage their concerns, without employing some people in providing luxuries oflife, or others in labouring too hard; but for want of steadily regarding thisprinciple of divine love, a selfish spirit takes place in the minds of people,which is attended with darkness and manifold confusions in the world.
Though trading in things useful is an honest employ, yet through the greatnumber of superfluities which are bought and sold, and through the corruptionof the times, they who apply to merchandise for a living have great need to bewell experienced in that precept86 which the Prophet Jeremiah laid down for hisscribe: "Seekest thou great things for thyself? seek them not."In the winter this year I was engaged with friends in visiting families, andthrough the goodness of the Lord we often-times experienced his heart-tenderingpresence amongst us.
A Copy of a Letter written to a Friend"In this, thy late affliction, I have found a deep fellow-feeling withthee, and have had a secret hope throughout, that it might please the Father ofMercies to raise thee up and sanctify thy troubles to thee; that thou being more fully acquainted with that way which the world esteems87 foolish, mayst feelthe clothing of divine fortitude88, and be strengthened to resist that spiritwhich leads from the simplicity89 of the everlasting90 truth.
"We may see ourselves crippled and halting, and from a strong bias tothings pleasant and easy, find an impossibility to advance forward; but thingsimpossible with men are possible with God; and our wills being made subject toHis, all temptations are surmountable91.
"This work of subjecting the will is compared to the mineral in thefurnace, which, through fervent heat, is reduced from its first principle: 'Herefines them as silver is refined; he shall sit as a refiner and purifier ofsilver.' By these comparisons, we are instructed in the necessity of themelting operation of the hand of God upon us, to prepare our hearts truly toadore Him, and manifest that adoration92 by inwardly turning away from thatspirit, in all its workings, which is not of Him. To forward this work the all-wise God is sometimes pleased, through outward distress, to bring us near thegates of death; that life being painful and afflicting93, and the prospect94 ofeternity opened before us, all earthly bonds may be loosened, and the mindprepared for that deep and sacred instruction which otherwise would not bereceived. If kind parents love their children and delight in their happiness,then He who is perfect goodness in sending abroad mortal contagions95 dothassuredly direct their use. Are the righteous removed by it? their change ishappy. Are the wicked taken away in their wickedness? the Almighty is clear. Dowe pass through with anguish96 and great bitterness, and yet recover? He intendsthat we should be purged97 from dross98, and our ear opened to discipline.
"And now, as thou art again restored, after thy sore affliction and doubtsof recovery, forget not Him who hath helped thee, but in humble gratitude99 holdfast His instructions, and thereby shun100 those by-paths which lead from the firmfoundation. I am sensible of that variety of company to which one in thybusiness must be exposed; I have painfully felt the force of conversationproceeding from men deeply rooted in an earthly mind, and can sympathize withothers in such conflicts, because much weakness still attends me.
"I find that to be a fool as to worldly wisdom, and to commit my cause toGod, not fearing to offend men, who take offence at the simplicity of truth, isthe only way to remain unmoved at the sentiments of others.
"The fear of man brings a snare101. By halting in our duty, and giving back inthe time of trial, our hands grow weaker, our spirits get mingled102 with thepeople, our ears grow dull as to hearing the language of the true Shepherd, sothat when we look at the way of the righteous, it seems as though it was notfor us to follow them.
"A love clothes my mind while I write, which is superior to all expression;and I find my heart open to encourage to a holy emulation103, to advance forward in Christian firmness. Deep humility104 is a strong bulwark105, and as we enter intoit we find safety and true exaltation. The foolishness of God is wiser thanman, and the weakness of God is stronger than man. Being unclothed of our ownwisdom, and knowing the abasement106 of the creature, we find that power to arisewhich gives health and vigour107 to us."
约在这时候我认为自己应当成家，并严重地在考虑着伴侣问题。我心倾向于主，盼望祂赐我智慧，叫我所进行的合乎祂的旨意。主果然乐意赐给我一位好女子，就是依利士撒拉（Sarah Ellis），我们于一七四九年十月十八日结婚。
一七五○年秋天我的父亲伍尔曼撒母耳患热病弃世，享年六十。他在世时对子女教育极为注意，要我们在年轻时即知敬畏上主，往往以有关道德的原则印刻于我们心中，特别注重于培养我们的慈悲仁和的品德，非但对穷苦人如此，即对一切在我们管辖下的生物亦然。
一 七四六年我从加罗来纳回来后，对于畜奴问题有了一些意见，我曾将原稿给父亲看，他详细校阅了，并作若干修正，得满意我对这问题的关怀。最后一次他病的时 候，有一夜我在看护他，当时他已知道自己没有复原的希望，但理智仍甚清醒；他问我关于稿件的事，是否已准备交给出版机关；然后又说，“我一向反对压迫黑奴 的事，现在我对他们的关心和往昔一样。”
当他健康时我曾依照他的意思写好他的遗嘱。那一夜他要我念给他听，我念了，他表示满意，然后说他相信他离世的时候已经到了；又说他生平虽有许多缺点，可是他时常经验到真理的能力以及上帝的爱和良善，所以他确信在离开世间以后将进入一更美满的生命。
第 二天他的姊妹依利沙伯前来看他，告诉他另一姊妹安尼于数日前去世。他说，“我想安尼是平安地离开这世界的。”依利沙伯说她确是如此。于是他又说，“我也准 备了平安地离开这世界”；那时候他身体很弱，他以庄重的态度说，“我盼望不久能得安息。”他继续在沉思中，神志清醒，以至临终之时。
一七五一年九月二日我心中得到许可，前往访问本州北部草原地区。我们的月会同意我的计划，我到那地区后在居民中工作，颇觉内在的平安；这回出门九天，经过的路程共一百七十里。
一 七五三年九月我和好友司奇士结伴，得到了朋友们的同意，出发作两周旅行，访问拍克士郡一带朋友的聚会处。我们按照所接受的分量在福音的爱中工作；藉着祂那 作为信托祂者之力量的仁慈，我们的访问颇有收获。第二年冬天，我们有机会访问本月会中朋友们的家庭，这工作的一部分由从宾夕尼亚州来的两位朋友担负，我亦 参加一部分工作；几年来我都盼望这种工作得以进行。
约 在这时候附近地方有一人病危，他的兄弟前来要求我代写遗嘱。我知道这人畜有黑奴，询问他的兄弟，据称他愿意把奴隶留给他的子女。代书遗嘱的酬报原甚丰厚， 只是无端污辱正直人也非我所愿意，因此心中十分苦恼；当我仰望主的时候，祂使我的心倾向于为祂见证，于是我对那人说我认为继续奴役尼格罗人是不对的，因此 心中犹豫，不愿书写这一类文件；虽然我们团体中有不少人畜奴，但我仍难心安，决意辞谢代书工作。我在对主的敬畏中向那人说明意向，他无言地走开了。他于畜 奴之事亦有关系，我想他对我的话颇不高兴。在这事上我得到了一种保证，就是那出于尊重真理及正义，违背外表上利益，因而引起别人反感的举动，必将导引到一 个比金银更贵重的宝藏，和比一般友谊更为高尚的友谊。
一 七五四年四月七日夜间，我梦见自己走在一果园中。时约傍午，我忽然看见东方两团亮光，好像两个昏暗的太阳。有一个的高度约等于下午三时的太阳，另外一个稍 为偏北，比前者低约三分之一。几分钟后东方空中似乎混杂着火焰，像恐怖的风灾一样，火流向西奔来，到了我所站着的果园，只是我未受伤害。这时我发现有一友 伴站在我的旁边，对这情景非常恐怖。我心中却甚平静，对我的友伴说，“我们必有一死，如果主的旨意要我们这样死法，我们就得顺服。”于是我走进附近一所房 子，上了楼，看见一些忧伤苦恼的人，我又进到另一房间，这房间的地板是一些还没有钉上的木板。我独自在窗口坐下，向南望去看见有三道红色的大水流，每一道 都有相等的距离，下端接连地面，上端通达云际。在这三大主流之间有一些支流横贯着，从这些支流的两端又有一些小支流规则地指向地面，都是红色的。在一片草 地上忽又出现了一群军人模样的人，有些是我认识的。他们走进屋子，向西而去，当中有些人望着我，作出一种嘲笑的表情，我且不去理会。不久一个老队长向我走 来，告诉我这些人聚合在一起，为的要训练作战技术。
前面所提起过的稿件搁下来已经好几年了，我总在思想关于出版的事。今年我把稿件交给出版当局，他们详细校阅并作一些小修改之后，即决定由年会出版，印发若干册，分送给朋友们阅读。
一 七五四年我心中有了感觉，希望前往访问撒斯特月会朋友们的家庭，在取得本月会的同意后，我就动身前往，希望和当地朋友们进行联络。我曾和他们的某些会友商 讨此事，我的建议也在他们会中提出，并有一位朋友表示愿意和我结伴开始这访问工作。但当聚会结束时，我心中忽觉非常苦痛，不知道该怎么样做，是否当回家等 待更清楚的启示。我隐藏着这痛苦的心情，和一位朋友同往他家，一心仰望大牧者那从天上来的引导。隔天早晨我放心进行访问工作，只是情绪颇为低落。但当我的 眼目仰望上主，在一些家庭中虔敬地等候祂，祂就乐意施赐帮助，因此我们得到许多良好机会，尤其是在访问年青人时，深觉振奋。这一冬我用好几个星期的时间作 访问工作，大半在附近一带。往下一个冬天我亦用数星期作同样工作。这些工作有一部分是在士鲁滋巴立地方进行的，曾得到好友司奇士的协助。我应当谦虚地承 认，由于主的良善，我们心中不时充满着祂的爱，祂所赐的力量叫我们得以胜过一切在访问工作中所遭遇的试炼。
因为英法二国的冲突，美洲方面正处在严重的危机中。我们的春季大会为此发出一封至各地朋友们的信，我认为这封信值得在这里公开出来。
〔一七五五年三月廿九日至四月一日宾夕尼州及新泽西州地区牧师及长老假费城举行春季大会，会中向各地朋友发出如下信件。〕
致美洲各地的朋友们：
亲爱的朋友们，
藉 着上帝的良善，和祂对祂子民的继续不断的眷爱，我们向你们谨致敬礼。此际我们所关怀的乃是所有承认真道——就是我们的前人在这末世所持守和宣布的——者， 都应当靠近那作为人类之光的生命，接受力量，紧紧把握着我们的信仰，绝不动摇，叫我们不是信靠人，惟独信靠上主，祂掌管天军和人间的国度，在祂面前大地正 如“天平上的微尘，而地上的居民好像蝗虫”（赛40：15，22）。
既 然相信全能者差遣祂儿子降世的目的是在乎补救不顺服所造成的损坏，终结罪和过犯，使祂的国降临，祂的旨意行在地上，如同行在天上，我们就认为我们的责任在 乎终止国与国间那产生悲惨结果和流血的战斗，把我们的问题交给那至高的主，祂对祂儿女的慈爱胜过肉身父母的爱，祂曾应许祂所有的儿女，如同应许一人， 说，“我总不撇下你，也不丢弃你”（来13：5）。而我们由于主上帝的恩典，曾经经验过祂工作的推行并“不是倚靠地上的能力，也不是倚靠势力，乃是倚靠我的灵；这是万军的耶和华说的”（参亚4：6）。 藉此属灵的国度建立了起来，它将克服并击碎一切反对它的国度，永远坚立。这道理和那属灵国度的稳定和平是我们所深刻感觉到的，所以我们盼望凡承认真道的人 都能够内在地与这属灵国度相联系，因此在生活的各方面都能符合我们的和平信仰。但愿人们代代相传，完全倚靠全能者的臂膀，好使这和平的国度逐渐伸展，“从 这海管到那海，从大河管到地极”（亚9：10）。为着成全这已经开始得到应验的预言，“这国不举刀攻击那国，他们也不再学习战事”（赛2：4）。
亲 爱的朋友们，我们既然有这些应许，并相信上帝已开始成就它们，就应该不断努力，避免过分地关心今世的事，并摆脱对世界的贪恋，不叫属世的财物或享受歪曲了 我们的判断，或使我们离开了对上帝的完全信托，因为只有这种信托才蒙祂悦纳。这样我们就可以说，“我们的救赎主大有能力，祂必为我们辨屈”（参箴23：11）。如果为着促成祂在世上的最慈爱目的，祂要我们尝试那苦杯，就是祂的忠实信徒所常常尝试到的那苦杯，我们就得乐意地准备接受！
现 在，亲爱的朋友们，由于世上国度在我们左右所引起的骚扰纷争，深望我们当中没有人受动摇，却都安息于那不为任何骚扰所摇撼的磐石之上，就是知道并感觉到上 帝的永恒能力，好叫我们顺服祂的旨意，愿意除去遗留在我们当中的属世的部分；因为那属世的部分是可改变的，起落盈虚，忧喜无定，随着世界的趋势转移；正如 真理是独一的，有许多份子参与在它的精神之中，同样，世界也只有一个，却有许多份子参与其间；而谁参与其间，谁就遭受烦恼困苦。可是凡仰望真道的人，每日 在等候着那在内心中所产生的生命和力量，必能在混乱骚扰中喜乐，和先知同有如下的感觉：“虽然无花果树不发旺，葡萄树不结果，橄榄树也不效力，田地不出粮 食，圈中绝了羊，棚内也没有牛，然而我要因耶和华欢欣，因救我的神喜乐”（哈3：17，18）。
倘不如此，我们承认真道，却不生活于它的能力和影响之下，就是结出与圣洁相反的果实，倚赖人的力量来支持我们，这样我们的信心将成徒然。因为那位撒去祂葡萄园的篱笆，并因它结出了野葡萄而使它被践踏的主是不改变的（参赛5：6）。如果为了惩罚恶人和发扬祂荣耀的缘故，祂起来，摇撼大地，又有谁能反抗祂并使自己昌盛呢？
在福音的爱中，你们的朋友和弟兄仝启（底下有十四个朋友签名）。
为 了不愿意代人书写畜奴文件，我遭遇了种种不同性质的小试炼，在这些试炼中，我觉得我自己的意志被撇开了。请让我略加叙述：倚靠生意谋生的贩卖或零售商品的 人，当然希望保持主顾的好感。至于叫年青人在某种必要情况下查究前辈的见解或品德，也确实不是一件愉快的事，尤其是对那些素来表现良好品德的人，更是如 此。根深的习俗，即使是错误的，也不容易改变，只是我们每一个人的责任在乎坚持那些我们所确知为对的事。一个仁慈的人或者可能以慈心对待一个黑奴，为着他 的好处把他留在家中充作仆役。但人毕竟是人，他不知道他死后的事，不知道他的儿女对于管理奴仆之事是否能有作为主人所必具的明智仁慈；为了这一理由，我清 楚地觉得我不应该代人书写遗嘱，使他的儿女成为某些别人在生时的绝对主人。
约 在这时附近有一位有声望的老年人前来看我，要我为他书写遗嘱。他家有一些年青的黑奴，我问他决定怎样处置他们，他告诉了我，于是我说我若为他书写遗嘱，必 引起内心的不安，并客客气气地把我的理由告诉他。他说他原希望他的遗嘱由我书写，既然我因为良心的缘故不愿代书，他亦不敢相强，所以改请别人代书。数年后 他家有了重大变迁，他又来请我书写遗嘱。这时他的黑奴都还年青，而他的儿子——那些黑奴的承继人——据说已从登徒子改变为温良的少年，所以他认为或者这回 我可以为他写下遗嘱。我们在友善的空气中谈论这事，却延缓遗嘱的书写。过了几天他又来了，愿意使黑奴获得自由，于是我代他书写遗嘱。
在 上述这位朋友初次来谈的时候，有一位邻居身受重伤，差人请我前往替他疗治，事后他要求我为他立下遗嘱。我记下了一些要点，其中有一条是关于把他那年轻黑奴 留给子女。当时我看他受伤颇重，不知将有何种结果，所以把他的遗嘱写下，只未将有关黑奴条项列入。我把稿子带到他床前念给他听，并以友善态度告他我不能代 他书写使人作为奴隶的文件，因若如此良心将受谴责。我又让他知道我并不索取报酬，希望他原谅我不能书写他所建议的有关处置黑奴的那一部分。关于这事我们又 有了一些严重的讨论，他终于同意释放他那女黑奴，叫她自由。于是我为他完成了他的遗嘱。
这时我心中意愿前往访问长岛的朋友们，向本月会取得证件后，乃于一七五六年五月十二日动身。
抵达长岛后，第一夜我留宿在好友贺理特（Richard Hallett）家中。第二天刚好是星期日，我参加了新镇的聚会，会中大家体验到耶稣基督之爱所给予忠心者的慰安。当夜我往夫拉星去，第二天和好友富兰克林于白石渡海至大陆，在那边参加三个地方的聚会，然后又回长岛，把那一星期余下的时间用来访问各聚会处。
我相信主在这一带地方已拣选了一些忠心事奉祂的人；可是有许多人过分为今生俗务所缠绊，未能专心遵奉全能者的呼召，向前肩负十架。
在这次的访问中，当我看见有些地方的朋友们也畜养奴隶，我无论在公开或私下场合，都表示关怀，且不得不以友善方法和他们讨论这一问题，尽可能的机会告诉他们，畜奴制度和基督教的纯洁是相违背的，而且它已经在我们当中产生了许多恶果。
周末他们的年会开始；我们的朋友司卡布洛（John Scarboro），霍斯金（Jane Hoskins）和布拉文（Susanna Brown） 从宾夕尼亚州来。公共聚会的规模颇大。在这次会中我心里所关切的是那些在我们团体中被认为领袖的人物。在某次牧师长老的聚会中，我有机会把心里所得的启示 表达出来，当朋友们在一起讨论团体事务之时，大家安静地坐着一会儿，我觉得心受感动，站立起来，而天父的垂怜充分地赐给我力量，叫我消除了日来在心上逐渐 加重的荷负。
上 帝有时藉着叫人受辱，训练他更适合于为主服役。先知耶利米的话为当代人民所不欢迎，且与他们的精神抹格不入，以致他成为他们谴责的对象；由于人性上的软 弱，他希望终止他先知的任务，可是他说，“祂的话在我心里有如燃烧着的火，闭塞在我骨中，我就含忍不住，不能自禁”（参耶20：9）。我知道这时候我若忠实宣布真理在我心中所启示的，必无法讨好众人，但我仍力求履行我的责任，不管我自己的意向。会后我即回家，这次出门二十四天，走了约三百六十里路。
在这旅行中我常想到南部诸州的教会情况。我相信主呼召我继续在他们当中工作，并以热烈的愿望，虔敬地在主面前低头，求祂赐给我力量，叫我完全顺服祂的旨意。
一直到一七五六年，我除了经营裁缝业务外，亦作零售生意。业务的过分发展叫我有时心中不安。开始的时候我售卖衣服的花边，以后售卖衣服衣料，由于货品的堆积，生意逐年增加，发展为大生意的路已为我开着，但我心中觉得应该停止这种发展。
由于全能者的仁慈，我很能满足于简单的生活。我的家庭很小。经过严重思想之后，我相信主不愿意我从事如此繁重的生意。我一向的政策是只售卖有用有益的货品。至于那些为要取悦虚妄者之心的货品，我总不喜经营，也很少经营；倘若经营这类生意，必觉削弱了我作为基督徒的品格。
业 务的发展成为我的担子。虽然我的本性倾向于经商，但我相信主要我更能摆脱俗务的纠缠。这时候我心中交战，徘徊于二者之间。在这种情况中我恳切向主祷告，祂 慈爱地垂听我的呼求，赐我一颗顺服祂旨意的心。于是我减少贸易的数量，每有机会，即介绍顾客到其他铺子购买他们所需的货品。不久我完全放弃了商务经营，专 靠我自己的裁缝业务，亦未雇用学徒。此外我有一爿苹果园，我化了许多时间在园中作锄草，移植，修整和接枝的工作。
在我所住的地方，商场上买卖习惯大都是记账的，这使穷苦人往往陷入于债务中，不能按期清还欠款，因而受债主的控告。我既然看见了不少这类不幸事件，就认为应当规劝穷人，在购物时只拣那些最需用而价钱廉宜的货品。
在 买卖当中，我曾看见收账问题所引起的许多官司，我为这事曾请教一位警官，他告诉我在一年内为了索取款项纠纷他曾发出二百六十七张传票，召讯一百零三次，并 处罚七十九起案件。我不曾有过请求警吏拘人的事，只有一次向一个懒怠的人发出传票，因为我恐怕他将逃跑。这是我藉法律索取欠款的惟一案件。
在 买卖中我也有机会观察饮酒过度和穿戴贵重衣饰所引起的种种不良结果；而上述二者往往是相关联的。人们日用之需若不符合于普遍原则，即等于浪费劳力，不是天 父对我们所意愿的。有些人虽非酒徒，但因挥汗劳动，渴望藉酒提神。所以喝酒的动机虽有不同——或出于享乐欢娱的狂饮，或因过分劳动而欲藉酒解除疲乏——但 地方上每年耗费于酒的金钱却是数目可惊；如果人们有了纯洁的智慧，必知上述耗费是不必要的。
以哄酒为乐的人等于纵欲败坏自己的理智，他们往往忽略了本身在家庭和社会上的责任，放弃和宗教的一切关系；这种人是很可怜的。至于那些在其他各方面生活都颇正常，而且行为对别人具有重大影响力的人，也随着习俗饮酒，助长了饮酒的陋俗，阻塞温和风气的养成传布，良可浩叹。
既然连那最低限度的奢侈也不免与邪恶有关，所以那些承认自己为基督门徒，且被认为领袖的人，若能以祂的心为心，远离过错，那就是一种帮助软弱者的方法了。
我 有的时候亦在炎阳底下劳作，并欲借酒解除疲乏，但从经验中我知道喝了酒的心境是无法平静，也不适宜于作灵修默祷的，所以仰望圣灵之心与日俱增，因知只有圣 灵才能范围我们的欲望，并带领忠实信徒，叫他们知道如何按照神的意向，善用神所施赐的一切。假如那些大园主能够一心服从这位天上的导师，胸怀宽坦，爱邻如 己，他们就必有聪明智慧，足以处理事务，无需过分地役使别人的劳力，或使自己过着安逸奢侈的生活。但因为人们往往不顾及上帝的爱，他们心中不免为自私意念 所充斥，造成世界的黑暗与纷乱。
从事有益货品的买卖虽说是一种正当业务，但由于兼营奢侈品的贩卖，种式繁多，更因世风日下，所以凡倚靠商品贸易谋生的都应当体会先知耶利米所说的话，“你为自己图谋大事么，不要图谋”（耶45：5）。
一七五六年冬季我数次与朋友们一同出门作家庭访问，由于主的良善，我们常常经验到祂慈爱的临在。
〔附致某某朋友书信〕
对于你最近所遭遇的悲伤事件，我实际深觉同情，暗中盼望仁慈的父援助你，使你的灾难对你有了益助，叫你更深切地认识了那世人所视为愚拙的道路，感受神力的帮助，有充沛力量，足以抗拒那导人远离永恒真道的邪灵。
我们或将发现自己残废难行，由于倾向享乐，殊觉无法前进；幸而人所认为不可能之事，在神却都可能。只要我们的意志被安置于祂的旨意之下，一切诱惑就没有不能克服的。
意志顺服的工作恰如矿物之在炉中，经过烈火的净炼，除去原有的杂质。“祂熬炼他们如熬炼银子，祂必坐下如炼净银子的”（玛3：2，3）。
上 述的比较，教训我们人必须在上帝手中接受净炼工作，使内心知所以崇拜祂，并以脱离不属于祂的灵和那灵的一切工作来表明对祂的崇敬。为着推进这种工作，全智 的神有时藉用外表的灾难，把我们带近死的门墙，使生命遭受痛苦忧伤，同时叫我们面临永恒，放松属世的一切束缚，准备接受那深刻和神圣的教训（非如此即不能 接受）。如果说慈爱的父母爱惜子女，以子女的喜乐为喜乐，那么那完全良善的神，在使瘟疫流行之时，必有祂的用意。若义人因这疫症去世，他们是有福的；若不 义之人在他们的罪中被取去生命，全能者是无可谴责的；若我们在极度痛苦中经历这患难，然后复原，那就是神的旨意要我们清除渣滓，接受祂的管教。
至 于你，在忧伤痛苦和怀疑复原是否可能之后，现在已经复原。所以不可忘记那帮助你的神，却须以谦卑感谢的心抓住祂的教训，从而逃避那将引你离开这坚固基础的 偏路。我很明白在你的业务环境中，你必须接触各种不同的人。那些与世界关系甚深的人所发出的话语有时亦具重大影响力，这是我曾深切感觉到的，所以我知道同 情处在同样矛盾中的人。我自己仍然有着许多弱点。
我发现了要使自己不为他人的态度所动摇，惟一方法乃是无视俗世的智慧，把前途付托给神，不怕得罪那些不喜悦真理的人。
对人畏惧，不免落在罗网中。也就是不尽责任，并在试炼来临之时退缩，结果使我们的手臂软弱无力，我们的心灵和别人的相混杂，我们的耳朵发聋，听不见真牧者的言语；末后当我们看见义人的道路之时，反怀疑那是不是我们所当走的道路。
当 我写这封信时我心中充满着爱，不是言语所能形容的；我发觉自己的心门开敞，愿意劝你在基督徒的坚定信德上作神圣竞赛。真实谦卑的心是一种坚固保障，我们一 旦进到它里面就必感到安全高超。上帝的愚拙总比人智慧，上帝的软弱总比人强壮。既然解除了我们自己的智慧，并知道人性的堕落，我们就找出了能够给予我们健 康和活力的那一部分。
收听单词发音 |
1
virtue
|
|
| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
perused
|
|
| v.读（某篇文字）( peruse的过去式和过去分词 )；（尤指）细阅；审阅；匆匆读或心不在焉地浏览（某篇文字） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
alterations
|
|
| n.改动( alteration的名词复数 )；更改；变化；改变 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
affected
|
|
| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
jersey
|
|
| n.运动衫 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
unity
|
|
| n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
esteem
|
|
| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
inclination
|
|
| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
scruple
|
|
| n./v.顾忌，迟疑 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
displeased
|
|
| a.不快的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
acting
|
|
| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
motive
|
|
| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
thereby
|
|
| adv.因此，从而 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
incurring
|
|
| 遭受，招致，引起( incur的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
dispersed
|
|
| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
drawn
|
|
| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
17
approbation
|
|
| n.称赞；认可 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
18
distress
|
|
| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
19
reverence
|
|
| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
20
humbly
|
|
| adv. 恭顺地，谦卑地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
21
forth
|
|
| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
22
humble
|
|
| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
23
salute
|
|
| vi.行礼，致意，问候，放礼炮；vt.向…致意，迎接，赞扬；n.招呼，敬礼，礼炮 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
24
profess
|
|
| v.声称，冒称，以...为业，正式接受入教，表明信仰 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
25
worthy
|
|
| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
26
predecessors
|
|
| n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 )；前辈；（被取代的）原有事物；前身 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
27
grasshoppers
|
|
| n.蚱蜢( grasshopper的名词复数 )；蝗虫；蚂蚱；（孩子）矮小的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
28
almighty
|
|
| adj.全能的，万能的；很大的，很强的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
29
mighty
|
|
| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
30
breach
|
|
| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
31
misery
|
|
| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
32
forsake
|
|
| vt.遗弃，抛弃；舍弃，放弃 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
33
subdue
|
|
| vt.制服，使顺从，征服；抑制，克制 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
34
qualified
|
|
| adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
35
sufficiently
|
|
| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
36
surfeiting
|
|
| v.吃得过多( surfeit的现在分词 )；由于过量而厌腻 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
|
37
redeemed
|
|
| adj. 可赎回的，可救赎的 动词redeem的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
38
bias
|
|
| n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
39
judgments
|
|
| 判断( judgment的名词复数 )； 鉴定； 评价； 审判 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
40
judgment
|
|
| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
41
blessing
|
|
| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
42
annexed
|
|
| [法] 附加的，附属的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
43
commotions
|
|
| n.混乱，喧闹，骚动( commotion的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
|
44
repose
|
|
| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
45
munition
|
|
| n.军火；军需品；v.给某部门提供军火 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
46
mortify
|
|
| v.克制，禁欲，使受辱 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
47
remains
|
|
| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
48
joyful
|
|
| adj.欢乐的，令人欢欣的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
49
perplexed
|
|
| adj.不知所措的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
50
salvation
|
|
| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
51
chastisement
|
|
| n.惩罚 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
52
prosper
|
|
| v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
53
retail
|
|
| v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
54
benevolent
|
|
| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
55
motives
|
|
| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
56
attain
|
|
| vt.达到，获得，完成 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
57
fully
|
|
| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
58
spoke
|
|
| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
59
libertine
|
|
| n.淫荡者；adj.放荡的，自由思想的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
60
deferred
|
|
| adj.延期的，缓召的v.拖延，延缓，推迟( defer的过去式和过去分词 )；服从某人的意愿，遵从 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
61
bruise
|
|
| n.青肿，挫伤；伤痕；vt.打青；挫伤 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
62
lodged
|
|
| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
63
clogged
|
|
| （使）阻碍( clog的过去式和过去分词 )； 淤滞 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
64
Christian
|
|
| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
65
transacting
|
|
| v.办理（业务等）( transact的现在分词 )；交易，谈判 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
66
humbling
|
|
| adj.令人羞辱的v.使谦恭( humble的现在分词 )；轻松打败（尤指强大的对手）；低声下气 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
67
providence
|
|
| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
68
adverse
|
|
| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
69
fervent
|
|
| adj.热的，热烈的，热情的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
70
cumbersome
|
|
| adj.笨重的，不便携带的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
71
linens
|
|
| n.亚麻布( linen的名词复数 )；家庭日用织品 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
72
strife
|
|
| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
73
lessened
|
|
| 减少的，减弱的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
74
apprentice
|
|
| n.学徒，徒弟 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
75
inoculating
|
|
| v.给…做预防注射( inoculate的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
76
creditors
|
|
| n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
77
costly
|
|
| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
78
luxurious
|
|
| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
79
steadily
|
|
| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
80
disorder
|
|
| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
81
meekness
|
|
| n.温顺，柔和 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
82
lamented
|
|
| adj.被哀悼的，令人遗憾的v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
83
disciples
|
|
| n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
84
meditation
|
|
| n.熟虑，（尤指宗教的）默想，沉思，（pl.）冥想录 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
85
instructor
|
|
| n.指导者，教员，教练 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
86
precept
|
|
| n.戒律；格言 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
87
esteems
|
|
| n.尊敬，好评( esteem的名词复数 )v.尊敬( esteem的第三人称单数 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
88
fortitude
|
|
| n.坚忍不拔；刚毅 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
89
simplicity
|
|
| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
90
everlasting
|
|
| adj.永恒的，持久的，无止境的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
91
surmountable
|
|
| 可战胜的，可克服的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
92
adoration
|
|
| n.爱慕，崇拜 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
93
afflicting
|
|
| 痛苦的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
94
prospect
|
|
| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
95
contagions
|
|
| 传染( contagion的名词复数 )； 接触传染； 道德败坏； 歪风 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
96
anguish
|
|
| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
97
purged
|
|
| 清除（政敌等）( purge的过去式和过去分词 )； 涤除（罪恶等）； 净化（心灵、风气等）； 消除（错事等）的不良影响 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
98
dross
|
|
| n.渣滓；无用之物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
99
gratitude
|
|
| adj.感激，感谢 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
100
shun
|
|
| vt.避开，回避，避免 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
101
snare
|
|
| n.陷阱，诱惑，圈套；（去除息肉或者肿瘤的）勒除器；响弦，小军鼓；vt.以陷阱捕获，诱惑 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
102
mingled
|
|
| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
103
emulation
|
|
| n.竞争；仿效 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
104
humility
|
|
| n.谦逊，谦恭 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
105
bulwark
|
|
| n.堡垒，保障，防御 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
106
abasement
|
|
| n.滥用 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
107
vigour
|
|
| （=vigor）n.智力，体力，精力 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
| 欢迎访问英文小说网 |