The parting cheers died into silence, the ship began to speed through the spray, the forms of his friends receded1 and vanished, the roofs and spires2 of the city lowered and faded, the sun sank in the west, the hills of Neversink subsided3 below the horizon, and only the gliding5 vessel6 and her foamy7 wake broke the expanse of ocean and sky, when the outward-bound Forrest for the first night sought his berth8, relieving the sadness of his farewell to America with thoughts of what awaited him in Europe and Asia.
Life spread before him an alluring9 prospect10, and nothing which he could ask to encourage and stimulate11 his aspirations13 seemed to be wanting. When he looked back, he could not fail to be grateful. Beginning the struggle under such depressing circumstances,—poor, friendless, uneducated,—he had won a handsome fortune, a national fame, a host of admiring friends, and no inconsiderable amount of cultivation14 and miscellaneous knowledge. And now, at twenty-eight, with two long years of freedom from all responsibility and care before him, blessed with superabundant health and strength and hope, he was on his way to the enchanted15 scenes of the Old World,—the famous cities, battle-fields, monuments, art-galleries, and pleasure-gardens,—of which he had read and dreamed so much. He was going with an earnest purpose to improve himself as well as to enjoy himself. This spirit, with a well-filled purse, and the fluent knowledge of the French language which he had acquired in New Orleans, were important conditions for the realization16 of his aim. And thus, with alternate recollections of those left behind, observations of the scenery and experiences of marine18 life, mapping out the series of places he meant to visit, and thinking over what he would do, the days wore by. He spread his cloak sometimes on the deck in the
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very prow19 of the vessel, and lying on it upon his back, so that he could see nothing but the sky and clouds, continued there for hours, allowing the scene and the strong sensations it awoke to sink into his soul, feeling himself a little speck20 floating on a larger speck between two infinities21. He said he often, years afterwards, associated the remembrance of this experience with speeches of Lear and Hamlet when representing those characters on the stage.
EDWIN FORREST.
ÆT 21
A fortnight of monotony and nausea23, sprinkled with a few excitements, passed, and the transatlantic shore hove in view, as welcome a vision as his eyes had ever seen. Landing at Havre, he bade adieu to Captain Forbes and the good ship Sully, made his way at once to Paris, and, taking apartments, settled down to that delightful24 course of mingled25 recreation and study to which he had long been looking forward.
A voyage across the ocean and a two years' residence in Europe for a young American full of eager curiosity and ambition, cut loose from the routine and precedents26 of home and friends, cannot but constitute an epoch27 of extreme importance in his life. This must be true in its effects on the development of his personal character, detaching him and bringing out his manhood; and, if he is the votary28 of any liberal art, true also in its influence on his professional culture. In 1834 such an enterprise was a greater event than it is now. The number of American travellers in Europe was nothing like what it has grown to be since. Furthermore, the multiplication30 of books and descriptive letters, giving the most minute and vivid accounts of all that is most interesting in a journey or residence in the different countries then visited by Forrest, has been so great, that any prolonged presentation of his adventures and observations there would now seem so out of date and out of place as to be an impertinence. It will suffice for all the legitimate31 ends of a biography if a few characteristic specimens33 of what befell him and what he saw and did are furnished from his letters, his diary, and his subsequent conversation. These will indicate the spirit of the man at that time, and show something of the advantages, personal and professional, which he gained from the social and artistic34 sources of instruction opened to him while abroad. It will be seen that, however strong the attractions of pleasure were to him, he did
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not neglect the opportunities for substantial profit, but, keeping his faculties35 alert to observe new phases of human nature and fresh varieties of social life, he was especially careful to drink in the beauties of natural scenery and to study the expressive36 possibilities of the human form, as illustrated37 in the works of the greatest artists of ancient and modern time.
The following letter was written shortly after his arrival in Paris:
"To say that I am pleased with what I have thus far seen of Paris would be a phrase of very inadequate38 meaning: I am surprised and delighted. I have been to the Louvre, the Tuileries, Place Vendôme, St. Cloud,—here, there, and everywhere,—and I have not yet seen a twentieth part of the objects which claim a stranger's attention. One cannot go into the streets for a moment, indeed, but something new attracts his curiosity; and it seems to me that my senses, which I have heretofore considered adequate to the usual purposes of life, ought now to be enlarged and quickened for the full enjoyment39 of the objects which surround me. I have, of course, visited some of the theatres, of which there are upwards40 of twenty now open. A number of the best actors, however, are absent from the city, fulfilling provincial41 engagements, and may not be expected back for a month or more. I went to the Théâtre Porte St. Martin the other night, to see Mademoiselle Georges, now, on the French stage, the queen of tragedy. I saw her perform the part of Lucrece Borgia, in Victor Hugo's drama of that name. Her personation was truly beautiful,—nay, that is too cold a word; it was grand, and even terrible! Though a woman more than fifty years old, never can I forget the dignity of her manner, the flexible and expressive character of her yet fine face, and the rich, full, stirring, and well-modulated tones of her voice. How different is her and nature's style from the sickly abortions42 of the present English school of acting43, lately introduced upon the American stage!—the snakelike writhing44 and contortion45 of body, the rolling and straining of the eyeballs till they squint46, the shuffling47 gait, and the whining48 monotone,—how different, I say, from all this is the natural and easy style of Mademoiselle Georges! In her you trace no servile imitations of a bad model; but you behold49 that sort of excellence50 which makes you forget you are in a theatre,—that
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perfection of art by which art is wholly concealed,—the lofty and the thrilling, the subdued51 and the graceful52, harmoniously53 mingling54, the spirit being caught from living nature. I had been led to believe that, in France, the highest order of tragic55 excellence had died with Talma. It is not so. I consider Mademoiselle Georges the very incarnation of the tragic muse56.
"The French, it must be allowed, understand and practise the art of living independently. They find you furnished apartments according to your own taste and means—comfortable, handsome, or gorgeous—in any part of the city or its environs. In your rooms you may either breakfast, dine, and sup, or take only your coffee there, and dine at a restaurant. This is to me, a bird of passage, and desirous of taking a bird's-eye view of things, a delightful mode of living. Paris is filled with restaurants and cafés of all sorts and sizes, where you may obtain your 'provant,' as Captain Dalgetty would style it, at what price you please, from the humble58 sum of a few sous up to the emptying of a well-lined purse. Ladies, gentlemen, and whole families may be seen at these places, enjoying their repast, and the utmost order and decorum prevail. Some of these cafés are magnificently furnished. I breakfasted in one yesterday the furniture and decorations of the salon59 of which cost eighty thousand francs. Another agreeable thing in Paris is, that you may one moment be in the midst of fashion, pomp, and all the hollowness of the flattering crowd, and the next buried in the sincere quiet of your own chamber60, your very existence blotted61 from the memories of those with whom, the unsophisticated might have imagined, your society was of the utmost consequence. I say this is pleasant when properly understood and appreciated. All that is required of you is the superficial courtesy of life, which costs a well-bred man nothing; and in return you have a well-dissembled friendship, looking like truth, but which they would not have you to cherish as a reality for the world. The sentiments of the heart are quite too dull and too troublesome for their mercurial62 temperament63; and hence you seldom hear of a Frenchman's having a false friend."
The professional bias64 which so strongly dominated among the associations in the mind of Forrest led him very early after his arrival in the French metropolis65, to visit the tomb of Talma.
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Carrying a fresh laurel crown under his cloak, he sought out the consecrated66 place among the crowd of undistinguished graves, reverently68 laid his tribute there, and lingered long in meditation69 on the career, the genius, the renown70 of the greatest stage-actor of France, and the lessons to be learned from his life and character by ambitious successors in his art. Thus, like Byron at the grave of Churchill, did the player draw his profitable homily from "the glory," though, unlike the morbid71 bard72, he did not think of "the nothing, of a name."
One incident occurred in the experience of Forrest in Paris which has much significance on several accounts. He had formed a very pleasant acquaintance with the manager of one of the theatres. This manager had a protégé of whose nascent74 talent as an actor he cherished a high estimate. The youth was to make his début, and the manager asked the American tragedian to attend the performance and give his opinion of the promise it indicated. At the close of the play, asked to state his candid76 impression without reserve, Forrest said to the manager, "He will never rise beyond a respectable mediocrity. It is a perfectly77 hopeless case. There are no deeps of latent passion in him, no lava78-reservoirs. His sensibility is quick, but all superficial. But that Jewish-looking girl, that little bag of bones with the marble face and flaming eyes,—there is demoniacal power in her. If she lives, and does not burn out too soon, she will become something wonderful." That little bag of bones was the then unknown Rachel!
The next selection presented from his correspondence was written to Leggett several months later, and soon after Jackson's recommendation of reprisals79 if the American claims on France were not paid:
"You see I still date from the gay metropolis of France. The fascinations80 of Paris have held me longer than I intended; but I mean to break from them by the first of next month, and cross into Italy. I have read the President's admirable message: it breathes a spirit worthy81 of himself, worthy of the occasion, worthy of my country. I refer particularly, of course, to his views relative to France. His energetic and manly82 sentiments have had the effect here of once more Americanizing Americans, and revived within them that love of country which the pageantry
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and frivolity83, the dreamy and debasing luxury of this metropolis serve materially to enervate84. The Chamber of Deputies has not yet recovered from the shock occasioned by the unanticipated recommendations of the message. Opinion is divided as to the course which will be pursued; but from all I hear, and all I observe, I am strongly inclined to believe that when they have recovered from their bewilderment they will come to the conclusion that, in this instance at least, honesty is the best policy; and perhaps they may consider also that discretion85 is the better part of valor86.
"By the way, I was presented to Louis Philippe on the third and last evening of the usual presentations. I was accompanied by Mr. ——, of Boston. We crossed over to the palace of the Tuileries (which is nearly opposite to our hotel) about nine o'clock in the evening, passed unquestioned by the numerous guards who throng87 the avenues of the great court-yard, and entered the vestibule of the palace, filled with an army of servants in rich liveries, standing88 in form, with all the stiffness of militia89 officers on drill. We next ascended91 to an elevated mosaic92 pavement, where we encountered two secretaries prepared to receive the names of visitors. On entering the palace, we ascended a grand staircase, the stone balustrade of which is beautifully ornamented94 with lyres and snakes, under suns,—the crests95 of Colbert and Louis XIV. On the first landing is the Salon of the Hundred Swiss, which has four Ionic columns, and is ornamented with four statues of Silence, two sitting and two erect96. We next passed into the state apartments. The first is the Salon of the Marshals, occupying the whole of the centre pavilion, and having a graceful balcony on each side. The walls are hung with portraits of the marshals of France by the most eminent97 artists, and it also contains busts98 of several distinguished67 French generals. In the next room, which is called the Salon of the Nobles, we found a concourse of ladies and gentlemen, comprising the orders of nobility, and all richly and appropriately attired100. This apartment is set off with gold, representing battles, marches, triumphs, surrounded with ornaments101 and allegorical figures. The Salon of Peace, which is the next room, contains also many costly102 decorations; but I had less opportunity to observe these, as the crowd became each moment denser103 and denser, and to make our way through it de
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manded all our attention. This human current at last débouched in the Salle du Trône, and, diffusing104 itself quickly around it, its waves subsided like those of an impetuous torrent105 when it pauses in the valley and spreads itself out, as if in homage106, at the mountain's foot. I need not tell you of the beauty of the throne, the richness of its carved work, the profusion107 of gold ornaments with which it is sprinkled, the gorgeousness of the crimson108 canopy109 which overhangs it, or the pride-kindling trophies110 which are dispersed111 in picturesque112 clusters at its sides. These things, and numerous like accessories, your fancy will present to you with sufficient accuracy.
"The king had not yet entered, but was expected every moment; and the interval113 afforded me an opportunity of studying the brilliant scene. The effect at first was absolutely dazzling. The plumed114 and jewelled company constantly moving and intermingling, so that the light played in a thousand trembling and shifting beams, which flashed in arrowy showers not only at every motion, but almost every respiration115, of the diamond-covered groups, and these groups multiplied to infinity116 by the reflections of magnificent mirrors surrounded by chandeliers that diffused117 excessive lustre118 through the room, presented a scene to me which, as I eagerly gazed on it, almost pained me with its surpassing splendor119.
"In the anxious hush120 of expectation, the old ladies, as if in melancholy121 consciousness of the decay of their natural charms, busied themselves in arranging their diamonds to the most dazzling effect of brilliancy, while the young demoiselles threw hurried glances at each other, scrutinizing122 their relative pretensions123 in the way of decorations and personal beauty. The varieties of human character found time to display themselves even in the brief and anxious period of suspense124 while waiting for the entrance of royalty125. Pride, envy, jealousy126, ambition, coquetry, were all at work. Here an antique and embroidered127 dandy twisted his long and grizzly128 mustachios with an air of perfect satisfaction, whilst his bump of self-esteem129 seemed demanding immediate130 release from his tightened131 peruke. There an old Spanish general talked loudly of the wars, and 'fought his battles o'er again.' From a pair of melting eyes a fair one on one hand threw languishing132 glances on the favored youth at her side, while the ruby133
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lip of another curled with contempt as a lighter134 figure or a fairer face swept by.
"But a general movement of the crowd soon gave a new direction to my thoughts; and my eyes, from studying the various features of the splendid crowd, were now attracted to those of the king, who had just entered the apartment. For a moment all was bustle135. The ladies arranged themselves along the sides of the spacious136 salon, and Louis Philippe, with his queen, the two princesses, and the two dukes, Orleans and Nemours, together with the officers and dames137 of honor, passed along the line, politely and familiarly conversing139 with the ladies. After satisfying our curiosity by gazing on the royal family, and having followed them to the Salon of Peace, we returned again to the Salle du Trône, where we took seats in front of the royal chair. Here I sat meditating140 on the gaudy141 and empty show for some time, when an officer suddenly entered and exclaimed, 'Messieurs, la Reine!' and immediately the queen entered. I rose and bowed, which she graciously acknowledged, and passed into the apartment beyond, called the Hall of Council. The king, with the rest of the family, attended by the courtiers, followed the queen. The ladies had now all been presented, and most of them had retired142. About a hundred gentlemen were assembled at the door of the Council-chamber, and myself and friend had scarcely joined the group when the doors opened, and one by one those before us passed in. A gentleman usher143 at the door demanded the names of those who passed, and announced them to the court. After hearing those of sundry144 marquises, counts, and others announced, it at last came to my turn. My name was audibly repeated, I entered, and made my début before the King of France with not half the trepidation145 I experienced on presenting myself for the first time before a sovereign in New York—I mean the sovereign people—on an occasion you will recollect17. The king addressed a question to me in French, and after exchanging a few sentences I bade him farewell, bowed to the queen and others of the royal family, and withdrew.
"Our plain republicans often laugh at the mimic146 monarchs148 of the stage for their want of grace and dignity. A trip to court would satisfy them that real monarchs are not always overstocked with those qualities.
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"I some time ago had the pleasure of an introduction to the celebrated149 Mademoiselle Mars. She received me very cordially, and through her polite offices the freedom of the Théâtre Français was presented to me. Of all the actresses I have ever seen, M'lle Mars stands first in comedy. In her you perceive the natural ease and grace which should characterize the most finished lady of the drawing-room; and her quiet yet effective style of acting is the most enchanting150 and delicate triumph of the mimic art. You cannot witness one of her performances without thinking that the genius of comedy belongs exclusively to the French stage. Do not suppose that my opinion is influenced by personal attentions: it was formed before I had had the pleasure of being presented to her. Though possessing a splendid fortune, she still exerts, fortunately for the lovers of the drama, her unrivalled talents in her laborious151 and difficult profession. She lives in a palace, and even her salle du billard is an apartment which would well serve for a corporation dinner.
"The great and almost the only topic of conversation in all circles just now is the President's message, the recall of the French minister, and the intimation to Mr. Livingston that his passports were at his service. Allow a little time for the effervescence of public feeling to subside4, for the excitable temper of this mercurial nation to grow calm, and I think the propriety153 of paying our claims will be acknowledged.
"While I scribble154 this desultory155 letter to you, I am with you in fancy, and almost wish I were so in reality. I am tired of the glare and frivolities of Paris, and long to tread again
'The piled leaves of the West,—
My own green forest land.'
"France is refined and polite; America is solid and sincere. France is the land for pleasure; America the land for happiness. Adieu. I shall go into Italy in a fortnight, from whence I will write you again."
The following letter, addressed to another friend, was written about three weeks after the foregoing one:
"I am about bidding adieu to Paris, having been detained here by its various fascinations much longer than I anticipated. I shall set out on Tuesday next, with three young Americans, to travel
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by post through Italy, so as to be in Rome before the termination of the Carnival156. I can at least claim the merit of not having been idle during my sojourn157 in Paris, and the time has passed both agreeably and profitably. Though the dulce has been the chief object of my search, the utile has been found with it, and has not been altogether neglected, neither, as a separate aim. New sources of various information have opened themselves to my mind at every turn in this great and gay and ever-changing metropolis; and whether I hereafter resume the buskin, or play a more real part in the drama of life, I think I shall find my gleanings here of service to me. I have mingled with all ranks of people, from the monarch147 who wears 'the golden round and top of sovereignty,' down to the lowest of his subjects,
'In smoky cribs,
Upon uneasy pallets stretching them.'
"I have visited alike the perfumed chambers159 of the great and the poor abodes160 of the lowly, the institutions of science, literature, and the arts, the resorts of fashion, of folly162, and of vice152, and in all I have found something which not merely served to fill up the passing hour, but that furnished either substantial additions of knowledge or agreeable subjects of future meditation and discourse163. Human nature, as modified by the different circumstances of life and fortune, presents an ample and diversified164 volume to her student in Paris: and in this bustling165 and glittering panorama166, where everything seems most artificial, one who looks beneath the surface may learn much of the secret feelings, motives167, passions, and genius of man.
"The President's message still continues to be the theme of much conversation. In the saloons of the theatres, in the cafés and restaurants, and on the public promenades168 I frequently hear the name of General Jackson uttered by tongues that never before were troubled to syllable169 it, and which do not pronounce it 'trippingly,' according to Hamlet's advice, but twist it into various grotesque170 sounds. Passing through Ste. Pélagie the other day (a prison for debtors), I overheard one of the inmates172 of that abode161 discussing with great vehemence173 the question of indemnity174. He held a newspaper in his hand, and, as I passed, exclaimed, 'La France ne devrait pas payer les vingt-cinq millions!' A fellow-feeling,
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thought I, makes us wondrous175 kind. The anecdote176 of the porter, the soldier, and the debtor171, in the 'Citizen of the World,' occurred to my mind.
"By the way, the prison of Ste. Pélagie is a curious establishment. It derives178 its name from an actress of the city of Antioch, who became a penitent179 in the fifth century. No other prison in Paris presents so diversified a picture, such a motley group of inmates, so singular an association of rank, country, profession, and age. Barons180, marquises, and princes are among the cooped-up denizens181 of Ste. Pélagie. An Austrian prince, one of these, is shut up here to answer the claims of creditors182 to the amount of several millions. A café and restaurant are maintained within the prison; and one entering these, were he not reminded of his whereabouts by the gratings of the windows, might easily imagine himself in the Café des Trois Frères of the Palais Royal.
"I regret that I was not in America to welcome James Sheridan Knowles to our shores. I should have been glad to take the author of 'Virginius' and 'The Hunchback' by the hand,—ay, and by the heart too; for, from all I hear, any man might be proud of his friendship. But New York had this reception in her own hands, and it, no doubt, was such a one as 'gave him wonder great as his content.' I remember, very vividly183, what sort of a reception she gave to a youth 'unknown to fame,' in whom you are kind enough to take an interest,—a youth whose highest ambition was only to strut184 his hour in those parts which the genius of Knowles has created. Can I, then, doubt that to the dramatist himself her greeting was most cordial?
"Adieu! I shall probably meet with Bryant in Rome; and, in conversing with him of past scenes and distant friends, shall almost feel myself, for a time, restored to their society."
The description of the first portion of his tour in Italy, in a long letter to Leggett, also seems worthy of preservation185, and will have a various interest for the reader even now:
"I left Paris on the 11th instant on my projected ramble186 through Italy. It was not without regret that I at last quitted the gay and brilliant metropolis of France, which I had entered a total stranger but a few months before, but in which I had experienced the most grateful courtesies, and formed friendships with persons whose talents and worth have secured them an abiding187 place in
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my esteem. As the towers of Notre Dame138 and the dome188 of the Pantheon faded from my sight, I sighed an adieu to the past, and turned with somewhat of apathy189, if not reluctance190, to the future.
"At this season of the year the country of France presents to the American traveller a cheerless appearance. Without forests to variegate the scene with their many-colored garniture, and with rarely even a hedge to define the boundaries of individual property, the country looks somewhat like a wide, uncultivated common or storm-beaten prairie; and in this state of 'naked, unfenced desolation,' even one of those unsightly and zigzag191 structures which in America mark the limits of contiguous farms would have been an agreeable interruption of the monotony. The neat farm-houses of America, with all their accessories bespeaking192 prosperity and thrift193, are not met with here; but, instead, a bleak194, untidy hovel obtrudes195 itself on your sight, or your eyes, turning from it, rest on a ruined tower or once proud château tumbling into decay.
"I reached Lyons at midnight on the 13th, and spent the following day in visiting the chief objects of interest in the city, among which were the Museum of Antiquities196 and the Cathedral. My curiosity led me to inspect the silk manufactories of this place; but the pleasure which I should have derived197 from witnessing the beautiful creations of the loom198 was wholly counteracted199 by the squalid and miserable200 appearance of the poor creatures by whom the glossy201 fabrics202 are made,—attenuated203, sickly wretches204, who waste their being in ineffectual toil206, since the scanty207 pittance208 which they earn is not enough to sustain life. My thoughts reverted209 from these oppressed creatures to the slaves of America. The condition of the latter is one of luxury in comparison. Yet they are slaves,—how much is in a name!
"I crossed the Alps by Mont Cenis. The toil of this achievement is a different thing now from what it was in the time of Pompey, who has the honor of being set down as the first that made the passage. From his time till 1811 the journey must have had its difficulties, since it could only be performed on foot, or with a mule210 or donkey. Napoleon then came upon the scene, and—presto, change—in five months a carriage-road wound by an easy ascent75 from the base to the cloud-capped summit, and thence down into the sunny lap of Italy. Napoleon! wherever he passed
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he has left traces of his greatness stamped in indelible characters. A thousand imperishable monuments attest211 the magnificence of his genius. Here, now, at all seasons, a practicable road traverses Mont Cenis, running six thousand feet above the level of the sea, and uniting the valley of the Arck in Savoy to that of Doria Ripuaria in Piedmont. What a bugbear the passage of the Alps is to the uninitiated! and all travellers seem disposed to encourage the deception212. For my own part, the tales I had heard prepared me to anticipate an encounter with all sorts of difficulties, and that I should avoid them only by 'hair-breadth 'scapes.' When I first mentioned my intention of crossing Mont Cenis in the month of February, a laugh of incredulity was the only answer I received from certain 'holiday and silken fools.' And yet, when I came to test the nature of those perils213 which seemed so formidable viewed from Paris, judge my surprise at finding one of the best roads I was ever wheeled over, stealing up into mid-heaven by such a gentle ascent, that, were not one continually reminded of his whereabout by the roar of foaming214 waters, as they leap from fragment to fragment of the huge, dissevered rocks, and tumble into 'steep-down gulfs,' he might almost fancy himself gliding smoothly215 over one of those modern contrivances which have realized, in some measure, the wish of Nat Lee's hero, and 'annihilated216 time and space.'
"A Kentuckian once riding with me on the Albany and Troy turnpike, after an interval of silence, in which he was probably comparing that smooth road with the rough-hewn ways of his own State, suddenly broke out, 'Well, this road has the leetlest tilt217 from a level I ever did see!' The odd expression occurred to my mind more than once in crossing the Alps. It may do to talk of the terrors of the Alps to certain lap-nursed Europeans, who have never surmounted218 any but mole-hill difficulties; but to Americans—or such Americans, at least, as have seen something of their own magnificent country before hastening to examine the miniature features of Europe—the Alps have no terror in their threats. Land-Admiral Reeside or honest Joe Webster of Albany would enjoy a hearty219 laugh to see for himself what Alpine220 dangers are, and with one of his fast teams would contract to take you over the mountains in no time at any season of the year.
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"I should possess a graphic221 pen, indeed, were I able to communicate to you, by the faint coloring of words, anything like an adequate idea of the lofty grandeur222 of the scene which was spread out beneath me as I paused on the summit of the mountain to cast back one more lingering look on France. The sun was just setting, and the slant223 rays lighted with dazzling lustre the snowy peaks around me, and bathed in a flood of light like molten gold the crags and flinty projections224 of the lightning-scathed and time-defying rocks. A dark cloud, like a funeral pall158, overhung the valley; the mountain-torrent hoarsely225 brawled226 along its devious227 channel half choked with thick-ribbed ice; and a thousand features of rude magnificence filled me with admiration228 of the sublimity229 which marks this home of the tempest and avalanche230. At the hotel where I supped, a number of the peasantry were making the most of the Carnival-time with music, masking, and dancing,—and all this above the clouds!
"Day was just breaking when we entered Turin. The hum and stir of busy life were just beginning, and the laborer231, called from his pallet to resume his toil, jostled in the street the sons of revelry, returning jaded232 and worn out from the scenes of merriment. The traveller who would view the Carnival in its most attractive guise233 should not break in upon it with the pale light of morning, as what I saw on entering Turin fully93 satisfied me. The lamps were still burning in the streets, and the maskers wearily returning to their several homes. Poor Harlequin, with sprained234 ankle, limped tediously away. Columbine hung listlessly upon the arm of Pantaloon, whose chalky visage was without a smile, and whose thoughts, if he thought at all, were probably running much upon the same theme as honest Sancho's when he pronounced a blessing235 on the man who first invented sleep. These exhausted236 revellers, a weary sentinel here and there half dozing237 on his post, and a houseless beggar wandering on his unappointed course, were the sights that first drew my attention on entering the gates of Turin.
"The streets of Turin are spacious and clean, and cross each other at right angles. Their regularity238 and airiness were quite refreshing239 after being so long confined to the dungeon-like dimensions and gloom of the byways of a French town. But these spacious streets, like those of all other Italian cities, are overrun
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with mendicants, and I have already had occasion to observe that where palaces most abound241 so also do beggars. The foundations of the lordly structures of aristocracy everywhere alike are laid on the rights of man, and the cement which holds them together is mixed with the tears of human misery242.
"Going to the church of St. Philip this morning, I encountered an old man sitting on the pavement, supplicating243 for alms in heart-rending tones. He could not have been less than eighty years of age, and his long locks, of silvery whiteness, strayed thinly over his shrivelled neck. His eyes were out,—those pure messengers of thought no longer twinkled in their spheres,—but he still turned the orbless sockets244 to each passer, imploring245 charity in the name of Him whose crucified image he grasped in his attenuated fingers. I was touched by the spectacle, and as I approached to drop my dole246 into his hand, I noticed a brass247 plate hanging on his threadbare garment, the inscription248 on which denoted that this mendicant240 had been regularly examined by the police, and had taken out his license249 to beg! What a source this from which to derive177 public revenue! What a commentary on the nature of government in this oppressed country! What a contrast it suggested, in turning my thoughts to my own land, where government is the people's choice, the rulers their servants, and laws nothing more than recorded public opinion!
"On entering the church of St. Philip, I found before an altar blazing with lights and enveloped250 in clouds of incense251 a priest performing the impressive service of the Catholic Church. But the thing that struck me was the democratic spirit which seemed to govern the congregation in their public worship. I saw kneeling and mingling in prayer the sumptuously253 clad and the ragged254, the clean and the unclean, the prince and the beggar. On the pavement at a little distance from me lay extended a strapping255 mendicant, reduced in point of clothing almost to the condition of Lear's 'unaccommodated man,' and groaning256 out his prayers in tones that sounded more like curses than supplications, while at his side, with graceful mien257 and placid258 brow, knelt a Sardinian sylph, looking more like an angel interceding259 for the prostrate260 wretch205 than a being of kindred nature asking mercy for herself.
"The museum of Turin is of great extent, and contains vast
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apartments devoted261 to natural history, mineralogy, and other sciences. There are here, besides, some rare specimens of antique Greek and Egyptian sculpture. The finest collection of paintings is in the palace of the duchess, among them pictures by Vandyke, Rubens, Teniers, Murillo, and other 'approved good masters.' I was much struck with a full equestrian262 portrait of his present majesty263 Charles Albert, by Horace Vernet. Vernet is one of the very few whose horses live on the canvas. The one to which I now allude264 is not only exhibited in all his fair proportions, with muscles, thews, and sinews that seem swelling265 with life, but actual, not counterfeit266, spirit shines in the sparkle of his eye and is seen in the breath of his distended267 nostrils268.
"The Grand Opera House of Turin is very spacious, containing six rows of boxes, dimly lighted by a single small chandelier suspended over the centre of the pit. The rest of the lights are reserved for the stage, by which the scenic269 effects are greatly heightened; but I doubt if what is gained in that respect would reconcile an American audience to sit in a sort of twilight270 so dim as scarcely to allow one to know the complexion271 of the person sitting at his side. The performances were very ordinary, and presented nothing worth mentioning or remembering."
He rode into beautiful Genoa over that magnificent Corniche road whose left side is diversified with stretching fields and olive-orchards and soaring cliffs, whose right side the blue ocean fringes. The city has a charm to the imagination of an American from its connection with Columbus, and a charm to the eye from that lovely semicircle of mountains embracing it, and which so slope to the waves of the sea in front and blend with the clouds of the sky in the rear that it is often impossible for the gazer to tell where earth ends and heaven begins. It was Sunday when Forrest entered Genoa. Looking out into the glorious bay, he saw an American ship of war riding proudly at anchor, the beautiful banner of stars and stripes hanging at her peak, every mast and spar and rope mirrored in the glassy flood below. His breast thrilled at the sight. He hired a boatman to row him out. Clambering up the side, he asked permission of the commander to come on deck and to stand underneath272 the flag. It was granted, and, looking up at the silken folds floating between him and heaven, he breathed deeply in pride and joy. "The ship,"
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he said, "was a fragment of my country floated away here, and in touching273 it I felt reunited to the whole again."
He made a long tarry in Florence, studying the treasures of art for which that city is so renowned274. He became intimate with Horatio Greenough, for whose genius—hardly yet appreciated as it deserves—he felt the warmest admiration. "He favored me," writes Forrest, "with a sight of his yet unfinished model for the statue of Washington, which was ordered by our government. He has represented the Father of his Country in a sitting posture276, his left hand grasping the sword intrusted to him by the people for the achievement of their liberties, and his right pointing upward, as if to express reliance on the God of battles and the justice of his cause. With what different emotions did I regard this statue from those created by the marble honors paid to the Cæsars of the olden time! How my heart warmed with patriotic277 ardor278 and my eyes moistened as I looked on the reverend image of the great sage57 and hero! As an American I felt allied279 to him,—as an American I felt, too, with a consciousness that diffused a warm and grateful flush upon my cheek, that I was an heir to that sacred legacy280 of freedom which he and his compatriots bequeathed to their country."
After visiting Rome, Naples, Venice, Verona, and other places of the greatest interest in Italy, Forrest proceeded to Spain, where he spent several delightful weeks. He made Seville his chief headquarters, remembering the old Spanish proverb he had often heard, "Who sees not Seville misses a marvel281." One day, while riding on horseback in the suburbs,—it being in the harvest-season,—he passed a vineyard in which the peasants were at work. He saw one man standing with upturned breast and outstretched arms to receive a bunch of grapes which another man was cutting from a vine loaded with clusters so enormous that a single one must have weighed forty or fifty pounds. At this sight he reined282 in his horse, and his head sank on his bosom283. The years rolled back, and he was a boy again. Once more it was a Sunday afternoon in summer, and through the open window of a house in Philadelphia the sunshine was streaming across the floor where a young lad, with a Bible in his hands, was laughing at the picture of two men carrying a bunch of the grapes of Eshcol slung284 on a pole between them. Again the
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hand of the mother was on the shoulder of the boy, and her dark eyes fixed285 on his, and in his soul he heard, as distinctly as though spoken audibly to his outward ear, the words, "Edwin, never laugh at the fancied ignorance and absurdity286 of another, when perhaps the ignorance and absurdity are all your own." The tears ran down his cheeks as, starting up his horse, he said to himself, "Ah, mother, mother! dear good soul, how wise and kind you were! What a fool I was!"
From Spain Forrest returned for a flying visit to Paris, where he wrote the following letter to his mother, which may be taken as a specimen32 of the large number he sent to her during his absence:
"Paris, July 3d, 1835.
"My dear Mother,—Your letter of the 27th of May has this moment reached me. How happy has the perusal287 of it made me! You write that you have been sick, but that now you are well. How glad I am to hear that you are restored! It is the dearest wish of my heart that health and happiness may always be preserved to you,—to you and to my dear sisters. Your welfare makes existence doubly sweet to me. I bear a 'charmed life' so long as you live and smile. All that I am I owe to you. Your necessities prompted my ambition; your affection led me on to triumph,—the harvest is your own, and my choicest wish is that you may long live to enjoy it. I was in Naples the 9th of March last, the anniversary of my birthday, and you were not forgotten. I drank a cup of wine to you, and my heart grew proud while it acknowledged you the source of its creation.
"It gives me great pleasure to hear that James Sheridan Knowles called to see you, and I regret that your indisposition prevented you from seeing him. I am told he is a sincere and warm-hearted man; and when such estimable qualities are joined to the rare talents which he possesses, the individual who combines them is as 'one man picked out of ten thousand.'
"Mr. Wemyss, in sending to you the season-tickets (though you may never use them), has acted like himself, and I most gratefully acknowledge his politeness and courtesy. You say you are anxiously counting the months and days until my return. In two months more we shall have been parted for a year,—a whole
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year. That is a long time in the calendar when hearts that love become the reckoners of the hours. But the day draws on when we are to meet again; and after the first moments of our happy greetings, when your blessing has confirmed my return, and the emotions of the first hours shall be subdued into the serene289 content that must surely follow, then will we regard our present separation as a short dream of the past, and wonder that we thought we were divided so long.
"I will forward to you by the ship which will carry this letter a small box containing the following articles, viz., a necklace made from the lava of Vesuvius, beautifully carved and set in gold, together with a pair of ear-rings, for sister Henrietta; a cameo of the three Graces and a pair of lava ear-rings for Eleanora; a cameo of the Apollo Belvedere and a pair of lava ear-rings for Caroline. The two cameos Caroline and Eleanora will have set in gold, to wear as breast-pins, and charge the expense thereof to my account.
"Give my best respects to Goodman, and say how much I thank him for his friendly attentions. I suppose Col. Wetherill is grubbing away at his farm: or has he got tired of green fields and running brooks290? If you see him, say he is most gratefully remembered by me. I am glad John Wall occasionally calls upon you. I like him much. And now, to conclude, allow me to say to you, my dear mother, to be of good cheer, for my wanderings will soon be over, and I shall again be restored to you in unabated health and strength. And meanwhile, be assured that your son,
'Where'er he roams, whatever clime to see,
His heart untravelled fondly turns to thee.'
Edwin Forrest."
His short stay in the principal cities of the German Confederation,—now so wondrously291 consolidated292 and transformed into the German Empire,—though highly edifying293 and satisfactory to him at the time, yields nothing which calls for present record, unless, perhaps, a passing entry in his diary at Dresden be worthy of citation294. "Rose from a refreshing siesta295 and walked upon the fashionable Terrace. The evening was calm and beautiful. The flowers and shrubs296 profusely297 growing, the music of a fine band, the rush and patter of children's feet, with the rapture299 of their
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voices in joyous300 sport, the eyes of their parents beaming on them with tranquillity301 and hope, made all around appear a paradise. My brow alone seemed clouded; it was, however, but for an instant, as a quick thought of home sprang through my brain, and busy memories of her who had once watched my infant steps stirred about my heart. Would that, unimpeded by space, I could waft302 all my fond wishes to her at this moment!"
An excursion in Switzerland yielded him intense enjoyment. His studies for the rôle of William Tell had made him familiar with this country, and he longed to verify and complete his mental impressions by the more concrete perceptions obtainable through the direct senses. To stand in the village of Altorf and on the field of Grütli, to row a boat on Lucerne and Unterwald, to scale the mountains and see the lammergeyer swoop303 and hear the avalanche fall, to pause among the torrents304 and precipices305 and cry aloud,
"Ye crags and peaks. I'm with you once again;
I call to you with all my voice; I hold
To you the hands you first beheld306, to show
They still are free!"
must have given him no ordinary pleasure. At Chamouni he bought a copy of that magnificent hymn307 of nature composed in this valley by Coleridge during his visit here. Printed on a rough sheet, it was for sale at the inn. Forrest had never seen it before. He climbed some distance up the side of the great mountain. Reaching a grassy308 spot in full view of the principal features of the landscape, he thrust his alpenstock in the earth, hung his hat upon it, and, seating himself beside a beautiful cascade309 whose steady roar mingled with his voice, he read aloud that sublime310 poem whose solemn thoughts and gorgeous diction so well befit the theme they treat.
"Hast thou a charm to stay the morning star
In his steep course? So long he seems to pause
On thy bald awful head, O sovran Blanc!
The Arve and Arveiron at thy base
Rave29 ceaselessly; but thou, most awful form,
Risest from forth311 thy silent sea of pines
How silently!"
Speaking of the incident long years afterward22, he said he did not
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think of it at the time as any sort of religious service, but that his emotions really made it as genuine a one as the recital312 of a liturgy313 in any pettier and less divine cathedral.
From Germany he took ship to England. The following extract from a letter home will give a glimpse of his experience in London, where it was written:
"I have been here about three weeks, and it gives me great pleasure to say that, from the abundant proofs I have had of English hospitality, it amply deserves that world-wide reputation which has rendered the phrase proverbial. Among men of letters, among the intelligent and worthy of the middling class of society, and among those of my own profession, I have found nothing but the warmest cordiality and kindness. So grateful, indeed, has been the welcome I have received, and so agreeably has my time passed, that it is with exceeding regret I am about to tear myself away. But, being desirous of seeing the north of Europe before I return to my native land, I must take advantage of the present season to travel into Russia, as I fear that the 'eager and nipping air' of the north at a later period would bite too shrewdly for me. To-night I set out with my friend Wikoff for Hamburg, and thence to St. Petersburg and Moscow.
"The present not being the season for theatricals315 in London, I have had but scanty opportunities of judging of the merits of the performers. I have seen Liston and Farren, however, both distinguished for their talents, and both deservedly admired. Yet I have seen nothing to alter the opinion which you know I have long entertained, that Henry Placide is the best actor on the stage in his own diversified range.
"I am very often solicited316 to perform during my sojourn abroad, but to all such requests my answer is invariably in the negative. I tell my friends here, as I told those at home before leaving, that my object in visiting Europe was not professional. Thanks to my countrymen! they have obviated317 the necessity of my going on such a tour.
"James Sheridan Knowles has come back, and I was at 'Old Drury' when he reappeared. His reception was very warm and hearty, and after the play (The Wife) he was called out, when he addressed the audience in a few words expressive of his thanks
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for their cordial greeting, and took occasion to advert318, in very glowing terms, evidently prompted by sincere feeling, to the kindness he had experienced in America. He termed our country 'the bright land beyond the seas,' and our country-people 'his brothers and sisters.' His acknowledgments of gratitude319 were received by a full house with acclamations."
During the passage of the steamer William Jolliffe from London to Hamburg, Forrest evidently found no little amusement in studying the peculiarities320 of his fellow-passengers. He writes thus, for example: "Almost always when travelling in a public conveyance321, if you notice, you will observe some one who tries to attract attention by standing out in relievo from the rest. Actuated by such a low ambition was an overgrown, unwieldy, almost spherical322 lady, dubbed323 on the way-bill honorable, and said to be the wife of a member of Parliament. This dame passée strove to ape the manners of a girl of sixteen, and occasionally, in a fit of would-be-young-again, gave her huge frame a motion on the promenade-deck that looked for all the world like the wallowing of a great sea-turtle in shallow water. She was of Spanish descent, and seemed delighted to show off her mastery of this foreign tongue, to the astonishment324 of the wonder-wounded Dutchmen, who, attracted by her bright-red mantle325 trimmed with ermine, and amazed at her knowledge of the strange tongue, gazed upon her with a sort of stupid reverence326."
At Hamburg he attended a performance of Schiller's "Don Carlos," in the great Stadt Theatre. "The building is very commodious327, but badly lighted by a single lustre depending from the dome. The play began at half-past six and ended at eleven, and, as it seemed to me, was but indifferently well represented. During these four and a half hours the people paid the closest attention and showed no sign of uneasiness. How an American audience would have shuffled328!"
In Hamburg Forrest had his first experience of a Russian bath. His own description of this is interesting, as the delight in baths of all kinds was a growing passion with him even to the very last.
"Having reduced myself to nudity, a signal was given from an adjoining apartment, like the theatrical314 noises which attend the splitting of the charmed rock in the 'Forty Thieves.' A door now
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was opened upon the side, a blanket thrown over my shoulders, and I was told in German to go in. I obeyed. This was a small room, where the thermometer rose to about one hundred. Here the blanket was taken from my shoulders, and a door beyond opened, and in stalked a naked man, who motioned me to follow him. I did so. I passed the portal, and was immediately enveloped in steam and heat up at least to a hundred and ten of Fahrenheit329. This chamber was of oval shape, and had on one side three or four shelves of wood, rising one above the other, on the first of which I was told to sit down. After striving to breathe here for five or six minutes, I was invited to sit upon the next, and after a certain time to the next, and so on until I reached the last, near the ceiling, where the heat must have been at least a hundred and twenty. By this time the perspiration330 became profuse298, and poured off in torrents. The attendant now told me to descend331 to the third shelf; and then he commenced rubbing and whipping me with fragrant332 twigs333. Then I was rubbed with soap, then told to stand in the centre of the floor, when in a moment I was deluged334 with a shower of cold water, which seemed to realize to me the refreshing thought of the poison-fevered monarch who wished his kingdom's rivers might flow through his burning bosom. My probation335 was now nearly over,—three-quarters of an hour at least in this steaming purgatory336. I returned to the first apartment, where I was laid, almost exhausted, upon a couch, and covered with at least a dozen blankets. Again the perspiration broke out upon me, and a boy stood by to wipe the huge drops from my face and brow. One by one the blankets were removed, and I was rubbed dry with white towels. Then I dressed myself, paid for the bath, about a dollar, and something to the boys. As I walked into the street, the atmosphere never before seemed so pure. Every breath was like a delicious draught337. At every step I felt returning strength, and in about a half an hour a bottle of hock and a dozen oysters338 made Richard wholly himself again."
At St. Petersburg Forrest found much to interest him, especially the tomb of Peter the Great, the numerous relics339 and specimens of his handiwork so carefully preserved, and the magnificent equestrian statue by Falconet, erected340 in his honor by Catherine. While crossing a bridge that spans the Neva, he one day observed
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a covered boat gliding beneath, manned by half a dozen soldiers. On inquiry341, he learned that the boat contained some Polish noblemen who had been condemned342 to slavery and chains for the crime of loving liberty and their country too well. He describes a visit to the Palace of the Hermitage, where there was a fine collection of paintings, among them one ascribed to Jules Romain,—a very curious representation of the creation of woman. "Adam is asleep, like a melodramatic hero just fallen into a reverie, with his head resting on his right hand, quite in an attitude. The Deity343, as usual, is given as an infirm old man dressed in azure344, and is pointing to the side of our primeval parent, out of which mother Eve seems to slide like a thief from his hiding-place!"
Moscow he found still more attractive and imposing345, with its long, romantic story, and the sublime tragedy of its conflagration346 in the presence of the terror-struck army of Napoleon. A single extract from his diary will suffice: "Went to the Kremlin. Passed the Holy Gate with my hat on, unconscious of the sacred precincts until a boor347 of a Russian grunted348 at my ear and with violent gestures motioned toward my head. It then struck me this must be the Holy Gate, through which none dare pass without being uncovered. But, as I did not like to be browbeaten349 into respect for their 'brazen350 images,' I passed on sans cérémonie and without molestation351. I walked to the terrace which overlooks the gardens and the river, and looked down upon the magnificent city, with her gorgeous palaces, her innumerable cupolas and domes352, dazzling amid the bright sunbeams with azure and gold. I stood by the ancient residence of the Tsars, the scene of so much history; and as I glanced over the immense assemblage of stately structures spread far and wide across the vast plain below, all beaming with as much freshness as if by the voice of magic they had just been called into existence, my eyes drank in more delight than they ever had before in looking upon a city, save only when in early life, after an absence of years from my native place, I revisited my home. The spectacle which Moscow presented was at the same time novel and sublime. Its varied353 architecture was at once Oriental, Gothic, and Classic, the delicate towering minarets354 of the East and the beauteous majesty of the Grecian blending with the
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'tall Gothic pile
Whose ancient pillars rear their marble heads,
Bearing aloft the arched and ponderous355 roof.
Which by its own weight stands immovable.'
"At night, it being the anniversary of the coronation of the Emperor, the gardens about the Kremlin were magnificently illuminated356, and crowded, perhaps, with two hundred thousand people. The walls and turrets357 of the Kremlin were filled with lamps wrought358 into the most grotesque shapes and festooned with innumerable lights. So were the trees, and in the dark and luxuriant foliage359 of the gardens they looked
'Like winged flowers or flying gems360.'"
From Moscow Forrest journeyed to Odessa, and thence through the Crimea to Constantinople. Passing Balaklava and Inkerman and Sevastopol, with what emotions he would have gazed about him could he but have foreseen the terrific battles that were in twenty years' time to rage there between the stubborn Slavonic power on one side and the leagued array of France, England, and Turkey on the other! No such premonition visiting his mind, he plodded361 on through the weary wastes till he reached Aloupka, where the Count Woronzoff, General Nerisken, and the Prince Gallitzin were resident proprietors362 of estates and lived in sumptuous252 style. The Gallitzin family were intimate acquaintances of that remarkable363 Russian lady, Madame Swetchine, whose conversion364 from the Greek Church to the Roman, whose rare character and genius, great friendships and brilliant salon in Paris, have secured for her name such high and permanent celebrity365.
Taking a horse and a guide, Forrest started out from Aloupka to explore one of the neighboring Tartar villages.
"The houses are small, and generally built," he writes, "of stone, with flat roofs made of logs covered with dirt and clay, smoothed so as to form a comfortable floor to dry tobacco or grain upon. I asked permission to enter one of the huts, which was immediately granted. I found the clay floor scrupulously366 clean, the fire-place nicely swept, and some woollen cloths spread upon raised surfaces on the sides of the room, which seemed to serve as beds. The woman had a silver belt about her, which, when I admired it, she took off and handed to me. I put it
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around my waist. At this the children laughed. I gave them some money, and mounted my horse and rode to the village church,—or mosque367, as they are Mohammedans. It was an old building of wood and stone, with a ruinous wooden tower by its side, from which they cry to prayers. I entered it. No one was there. There was a small wooden gallery at one end, to which they ascend90 by a ladder. It was a shabby and dismal368 place, and I hurried out of it back to the hotel."
On the following day, with his friend Wikoff, Forrest dined with the Count Woronzoff. "At five o'clock a cannon369 is fired as a signal to dress for dinner. In a half an hour a second gun is fired, and the guests are seated. Soon after the first gun we started for the castle. I saw there for the first time the Countess Sabanska. I paid my respects to her and retired to another part of the room, as she was talking with several gentlemen. She was very animated370 in her conversation, with particularly vivid gesticulation and expression of face. The Count's Tartar interpreter was playing billiards371 with one of the attendants. In a few minutes the Count and Countess entered, followed by a train of ladies and gentlemen. He introduced me to his lady, also to Madame Nerisken and the Princess Gallitzin and her daughter. I led Madame Nerisken to the table, and sat between her and the Countess Woronzoff, whom I found to be a most agreeable and interesting woman. Count Woronzoff sat opposite, with the Princess Gallitzin on one side and the Countess Sabanska on the other. The conversation, conducted in French, was anything but intellectual, as the growth of the prince's vines seemed the all-absorbing topic. The Countess Sabanska had now changed her whole manner from the extreme vivacity372 and gayety she first evinced, and had become silent and melancholy. Her thoughts seemed to be far away. How I should have liked to read the depths of her soul and know what was moving there! After dinner some of the ladies smoked cigarettes, and others played cards."
Constantinople opened to Forrest a fascinating glimpse of the civilization of the East, with its ancient races of men, its strange architecture and religious rites275, its poetic373 costumes, its impressive manners, and that glamour374 of mystery over all which makes Oriental life seem to the Western traveller such a contrast to
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everything he has been wonted to at home. He made the most of his time here in visiting the historic monuments and trying to penetrate375 the open secrets of Moslem376 habits and Turkish character; and he brought away with him, on his departure for Greece, a crowd of mental pictures which never lost their clearness or their interest. For the history of the city of Constantine has been most rich in romance; and the scene unveiled to the voyager who approaches it by daylight or by moonlight is a vision of enchantment,—a wilderness377 of mosques378, domes, cupolas, solemn cypresses379, and spouting380 fountains. On a beautiful day, when not a cloud was in the sky nor a ripple381 on the Bosphorus, Forrest was surveying the city and its environs from a boat in the midst of the bay, when he saw, slowly approaching, a sumptuous barge382, with awnings383 of silk and gold, a banner with the crescent and inscriptions384 in Arabic floating above, and a group of turbaned guards, with scimitars in their hands, half surrounding a man reclined on a purple divan385. "Who is that?" asked Forrest of the guide. "That is the Padishah," was the reply. Forrest, ignorant of this title of "the Shah of Shahs" for the Sultan of Turkey, understood the guide to say, Paddy Shaw! and, supposing it to be some rich Irishman who was cutting such a figure in the Golden Horn, was so struck by the absurdity that he laughed aloud. The measured strokes of the rowers, regular as a piece of solemn music, meanwhile had brought the imperial freight nearly alongside. The guards looked at the laughing tragedian as if they would have liked to chop his head off, or bowstring him and sink him in a sack. The Sultan looked slowly at the audacious American, without the slightest change of expression in his sad, dark, impassive face,—and the two striking figures, so unlike, were soon out of sight of each other forever!
Passing over the notes of his tour in Greece, as covering matters now hackneyed from the descriptions given by hundreds of more recent travellers and published in every kind of literary form, a single extract from a letter to his mother is perhaps worthy of citation:
"From Constantinople I went to Smyrna, and thence into Greece. Here I am now, at last, in the city of Athens, the glorious home not only of the Drama, but also of so much else that has passed into the life of mankind. Alas386, how changed!
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With all the power of imagination which I can conjure387 up, I am hardly able to convince myself that this was the once proud city of Pericles, Plato, Æschylus, Demosthenes, and the other men whose names have sounded so grand in the mouths of posterity388. Looking on the tumbled temples and desolate389 walls, I have exclaimed with Byron,—
'Ancient of days! august Athena, where,
Where are thy men of might? thy grand in soul?
Gone,—glimmering through the dream of things that were.
First in the race that led to Glory's goal,—
They're sought in vain, and o'er each mouldering390 tower,
Dim with the mist of years, gray flits the shade of power.'"
A personal adventure, also, that befell him at Athens, must not be omitted. One beautiful afternoon, he had been inspecting the Parthenon and what remained of its sculptured ornaments. Near where he stood, a heap of skulls391 lay on the ground, skulls of some of the victims of the last revolution, who had fallen in a battle of the Greeks and Turks. His attention was drawn392 to the phrenological developments of several of these skulls. Chancing at that moment to look down towards the temple of Theseus, he saw, only a short distance from him, a man glide393 from behind a column and walk away. The man was clad in the costume of an Albanian, one of the most picturesque costumes in the world, and looked as if he had freshly stepped out of a painting,—so beautiful was the combination of symmetry in his form, grace in his motion, and beauty in his dress. Perfectly fascinated, Forrest hastened forward and addressed the stranger in English, in French, in Spanish; but vain was every attempt to make himself understood. Just then Hill, the American missionary394 for many years at Athens, came along. Forrest accosted395 him with the inquiry, "Do you know who that man is yonder?" and, as much to his amazement396 as to his delight, received the answer, "Why, do you not know him? That is the son of Marco Bozzaris!" The lines of his friend Halleck,—
"And she, the mother of thy boys.
Will, by her pilgrim-circled hearth397,
Talk of thy doom398 without a sigh;
For thou art Freedom's now, and Fame's;
One of the few, the immortal399 names
That were not born to die,"—
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these lines, and his own parting scene with their author in New York harbor, flashed into his mind, and he felt as if this incident alone were enough to repay him for his whole journey.
On his return once more to Paris, in a letter to his friend Leggett he sketches400 in epitome401 the ground he has been over. An extract follows:
"Since I saw you, I have indeed been in strange lands, and seen strange sights. I have traversed the Baltic and the wide dominions402 of the ambitious Autocrat,—crossed the Euxine and dipped into Asia and European Turkey,—'kept due onwards to the Propontic and Hellespont,'—wandered amid the faultless fragments of the 'bright clime of battle and of song,'—sailed by the Ionian Isles,—visited the chief towns of the Germanic Confederation,—and here I am at last, safe and sound, in the ever-gay capital of France. I thank Heaven my travelling in the 'far East' is at an end. One is badly accommodated there in railroads and steamers. However, take it for all in all, I have every reason to be satisfied with the voyage, for there is no kind of information but must be purchased with some painstaking404, and one day I shall fully enjoy all this in calm retrospection from the bosom of the unpruned woods of my own country. Yes, the sight of the city of Moscow alone would amply repay one for all risks and fatigues405 at sea. Never shall I forget my sensations when, from the great tower of the Kremlin, one bright, sunny day, I looked down upon that beautiful city. The numberless domes, beaming with azure and with gold, the checkered406 roofs, the terraces, the garden slopes, the mingling of all the styles and systems of architectural construction, now massive and heavy, now brilliant and light, and everywhere fresh and original, enchanted me. I am free to confess Russia astonished me. I have sailed down the mighty407 Mississippi,—I have been in the dark and silent bosom of our own forest homes,—I have been under the eye of Mont Blanc and Olympus,—I grew familiar with Rome and with London,—without experiencing the same degree of wonder which fastened upon me in Russia. I thought there to have encountered with hordes408 of semi-barbarians, yet I found a people raised, as it were, at once from a state of nature to our level of civilization. Nor have they apparently409, in their rapid onward403 course, neglected the means to render their progress sure. And then,
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what an army,—a million of men! and the best forms of men,—the best disciplined, and able to endure the 'labored410 battle sweat' by their constant activity, the rigor411 of their climate, and their ignorance of all pleasures which serve to effeminate. The navy, too, though in an imperfect state compared with the army (in sailors, not ships), will doubtless soon hold a distinguished rank. Only think of such a power, increasing every day,—stretching out wider and wider, and all confessing one duty,—obedience to the will of the absolute sovereign!"
About this time two significant entries are found in his diary. The first one is: "Received intelligence of the death of Edwin Forrest Goodman, the infant son of a friend.
'All his innocent thoughts
Like rose-leaves scattered412.'"
The second is this: "And so Jane Placide is dead. The theatrical people of New Orleans then have lost much. She imparted a grace and a force and dignity to her rôle which few actresses have been able so admirably to combine. She excelled in a profession in the arduous413 sphere of which even to succeed requires uncommon414 gifts, both mental and physical. Her disposition288 was as lovely as her person. Heaven lodge415 and rest her fair soul!"
The reader will recollect Miss Placide as the friend about whom young Forrest quarrelled with Caldwell and withdrew from his service. How strangely the millions of influences or spirits that weave our fate fly to and fro with the threads of the weft and woof! While he was writing the above words in the capital of France, her remains416 were sleeping in a quiet cemetery417 of the far South, on the other side of the world, with the inscription on the slab418 above her,—
"There's not an hour
Of day or dreamy night but I am with thee;
There's not a wind but whispers o'er thy name,
And not a flower that sleeps beneath the moon
But in its hues419 of fragrance420 tells a tale
Of thee."
He passed over to England again, to visit a few spots sacred in his imagination which he had not seen in his former journey there. Chief among these were the house and grave of Shakspeare, at Stratford-upon-Avon. With the eagerness and devotion arising
[Pg 292]
from the lifelong enthusiasm of all his professional studies and experience, reinforced by the feeling of the accumulated homage paid at that shrine421 by mankind at large, he wandered and mused422 in the places once so familiar with the living presence of the poet, and still seeming to be suffused423 with his invisible presence. In the day he had made a careful exploration of the church where the unapproachable dramatist lies sepulchred. Late in the evening, when the moon was riding half-way up the heaven, he clambered over the fence, and, while the gentle current of Avon was lapping the sedges on its shore almost at his feet, gazed in at the window and saw the moonbeams silvering the bust99 of the dead master on the wall, and the carved letters of the quaint73 and dread424 inscription on his tomb,—
"Good friend, for Jesus' sake forbear
To dig the dust encloséd here.
Blessed be he who spares these stones,
And cursed be he who moves my bones."
What a contrast the picture of him in this night-scene at the church-window would have made for those familiar with his appearance on the stage in the wrath425 of Coriolanus, the remorse426 of Macbeth, the sneer427 of Richard, the horror of Othello, or the tempest of Lear!
It now lacked but a few days of being two years since Forrest left America, and he began to feel powerfully drawn homewards. It had been a period of unalloyed satisfaction, and he had much improved in many ways, from his intercourse428 with different forms and classes of society, from his contemplation of natural scenery in many lands, from his study of the masterpieces of art, from his criticism of the performances of the distinguished actors and actresses whom he saw, and from his reading of many valuable books, including, among lighter volumes, such works as those of Locke and Spinoza. In this long tour and deliberate tarry abroad, wisely chosen in his early manhood, before his nature had hardened in routine, with plenty of money, leisure, health, freedom, and aspiration12, he had drunk his fill of joy. His brain and spine429 and ganglia saturated430 with an amorous431 drench432 of elemental force, drunk with every kind of potency433, he swayed on his centres in revelling434 fulness of life. He had been in these two exempted435 years like Hercules in Olympus, with abundance of ambrosia436
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and nectar and Hebe on his knee. But now his heart cried out for home, and the sense of duty urged him to gird up his loins for work again. Something of his feeling may be guessed from the fact that he had copied into his journal these lines of Byron:
"What singular emotions fill
Their bosoms437 who have been induced to roam,
With fluttering doubts if all be well or ill,
With love for many and with tears for some;
All feelings which o'erleap the years long lost,
And bring our hearts back to the starting-post."
He took passage in the Poland, and, with no notable adventure on the voyage, arrived at New York on the 5th of August, 1836, to be received with cheers into the open arms of a crowd of his friends as he stepped ashore438, prouder than ever of his birthright of American citizenship439.
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1
receded
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的过去式和过去分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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spires
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| n.（教堂的） 塔尖，尖顶( spire的名词复数 ) | |
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subsided
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| v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的过去式和过去分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
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subside
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| vi.平静，平息；下沉，塌陷，沉降 | |
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gliding
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| v. 滑翔 adj. 滑动的 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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foamy
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| adj.全是泡沫的，泡沫的，起泡沫的 | |
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berth
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| n.卧铺，停泊地，锚位；v.使停泊 | |
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alluring
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| adj.吸引人的，迷人的 | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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stimulate
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| vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋 | |
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aspiration
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| n.志向，志趣抱负；渴望；(语)送气音；吸出 | |
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13
aspirations
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| 强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音 | |
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14
cultivation
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| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
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15
enchanted
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| adj. 被施魔法的，陶醉的，入迷的 动词enchant的过去式和过去分词 | |
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16
realization
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| n.实现；认识到，深刻了解 | |
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recollect
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| v.回忆，想起，记起，忆起，记得 | |
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18
marine
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| adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵 | |
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prow
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| n.(飞机)机头，船头 | |
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20
speck
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| n.微粒，小污点，小斑点 | |
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21
infinities
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| n.无穷大( infinity的名词复数 )；无限远的点；无法计算的量；无限大的量 | |
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22
afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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nausea
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| n.作呕，恶心；极端的憎恶(或厌恶) | |
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24
delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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26
precedents
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| 引用单元； 范例( precedent的名词复数 )； 先前出现的事例； 前例； 先例 | |
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epoch
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| n.(新)时代；历元 | |
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28
votary
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| n.崇拜者；爱好者；adj.誓约的，立誓任圣职的 | |
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rave
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| vi.胡言乱语；热衷谈论；n.热情赞扬 | |
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30
multiplication
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| n.增加，增多，倍增；增殖，繁殖；乘法 | |
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31
legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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32
specimen
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| n.样本，标本 | |
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specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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34
artistic
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| adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的 | |
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35
faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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36
expressive
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| adj.表现的，表达…的，富于表情的 | |
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37
illustrated
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| adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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38
inadequate
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| adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的 | |
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39
enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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40
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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41
provincial
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| adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人 | |
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42
abortions
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| n.小产( abortion的名词复数 )；小产胎儿；（计划）等中止或夭折；败育 | |
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43
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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44
writhing
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| （因极度痛苦而）扭动或翻滚( writhe的现在分词 ) | |
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45
contortion
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| n.扭弯，扭歪，曲解 | |
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46
squint
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| v. 使变斜视眼, 斜视, 眯眼看, 偏移, 窥视; n. 斜视, 斜孔小窗; adj. 斜视的, 斜的 | |
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47
shuffling
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| adj. 慢慢移动的, 滑移的 动词shuffle的现在分词形式 | |
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48
whining
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| n. 抱怨，牢骚 v. 哭诉，发牢骚 | |
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49
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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50
excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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51
subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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52
graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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53
harmoniously
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| 和谐地，调和地 | |
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54
mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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55
tragic
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| adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的 | |
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56
muse
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| n.缪斯（希腊神话中的女神），创作灵感 | |
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57
sage
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| n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的 | |
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58
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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59
salon
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| n.[法]沙龙；客厅；营业性的高级服务室 | |
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60
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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61
blotted
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| 涂污( blot的过去式和过去分词 )； （用吸墨纸）吸干 | |
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62
mercurial
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| adj.善变的，活泼的 | |
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63
temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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64
bias
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| n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见 | |
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65
metropolis
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| n.首府；大城市 | |
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66
consecrated
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| adj.神圣的，被视为神圣的v.把…奉为神圣，给…祝圣( consecrate的过去式和过去分词 )；奉献 | |
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67
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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68
reverently
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| adv.虔诚地 | |
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69
meditation
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| n.熟虑，（尤指宗教的）默想，沉思，（pl.）冥想录 | |
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70
renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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71
morbid
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| adj.病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的 | |
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72
bard
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| n.吟游诗人 | |
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73
quaint
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| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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74
nascent
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| adj.初生的，发生中的 | |
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75
ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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76
candid
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| adj.公正的，正直的；坦率的 | |
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77
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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78
lava
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| n.熔岩，火山岩 | |
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79
reprisals
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| n.报复（行为）( reprisal的名词复数 ) | |
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80
fascinations
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| n.魅力( fascination的名词复数 )；有魅力的东西；迷恋；陶醉 | |
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81
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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82
manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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83
frivolity
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| n.轻松的乐事，兴高采烈；轻浮的举止 | |
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84
enervate
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| v.使虚弱，使无力 | |
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85
discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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86
valor
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| n.勇气，英勇 | |
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87
throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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88
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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89
militia
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| n.民兵，民兵组织 | |
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90
ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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91
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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92
mosaic
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| n./adj.镶嵌细工的，镶嵌工艺品的，嵌花式的 | |
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93
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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94
ornamented
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| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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95
crests
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| v.到达山顶（或浪峰）( crest的第三人称单数 )；到达洪峰，达到顶点 | |
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96
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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97
eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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98
busts
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| 半身雕塑像( bust的名词复数 )； 妇女的胸部； 胸围； 突击搜捕 | |
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99
bust
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| vt.打破；vi.爆裂；n.半身像；胸部 | |
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100
attired
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| adj.穿着整齐的v.使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装( attire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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101
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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102
costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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103
denser
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| adj. 不易看透的, 密集的, 浓厚的, 愚钝的 | |
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104
diffusing
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| （使光）模糊，漫射，漫散( diffuse的现在分词 )； （使）扩散； （使）弥漫； （使）传播 | |
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105
torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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106
homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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107
profusion
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| n.挥霍；丰富 | |
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108
crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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109
canopy
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| n.天篷，遮篷 | |
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110
trophies
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| n.（为竞赛获胜者颁发的）奖品( trophy的名词复数 )；奖杯；（尤指狩猎或战争中获得的）纪念品；（用于比赛或赛跑名称）奖 | |
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111
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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112
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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113
interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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114
plumed
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| 饰有羽毛的 | |
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115
respiration
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| n.呼吸作用；一次呼吸；植物光合作用 | |
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116
infinity
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| n.无限，无穷，大量 | |
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117
diffused
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| 散布的，普及的，扩散的 | |
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118
lustre
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| n.光亮，光泽；荣誉 | |
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119
splendor
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| n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌 | |
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120
hush
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| int.嘘，别出声；n.沉默，静寂；v.使安静 | |
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121
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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122
scrutinizing
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| v.仔细检查，详审( scrutinize的现在分词 ) | |
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123
pretensions
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| 自称( pretension的名词复数 )； 自命不凡； 要求； 权力 | |
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124
suspense
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| n.（对可能发生的事）紧张感，担心，挂虑 | |
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125
royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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126
jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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127
embroidered
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| adj．绣花的 | |
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128
grizzly
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| adj.略为灰色的，呈灰色的；n.灰色大熊 | |
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129
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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130
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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131
tightened
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| 收紧( tighten的过去式和过去分词 )； （使）变紧； （使）绷紧； 加紧 | |
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132
languishing
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| a. 衰弱下去的 | |
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133
ruby
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| n.红宝石，红宝石色 | |
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134
lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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135
bustle
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| v.喧扰地忙乱，匆忙，奔忙；n.忙碌；喧闹 | |
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136
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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137
dames
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| n.（在英国）夫人（一种封号），夫人（爵士妻子的称号）( dame的名词复数 )；女人 | |
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138
dame
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| n.女士 | |
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139
conversing
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| v.交谈，谈话( converse的现在分词 ) | |
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140
meditating
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| a.沉思的，冥想的 | |
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141
gaudy
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| adj.华而不实的；俗丽的 | |
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142
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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143
usher
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| n.带位员，招待员；vt.引导，护送；vi.做招待，担任引座员 | |
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144
sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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145
trepidation
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| n.惊恐，惶恐 | |
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146
mimic
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| v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人 | |
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147
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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148
monarchs
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| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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149
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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150
enchanting
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| a.讨人喜欢的 | |
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151
laborious
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| adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅 | |
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152
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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153
propriety
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| n.正当行为；正当；适当 | |
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154
scribble
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| v.潦草地书写，乱写，滥写；n.潦草的写法，潦草写成的东西，杂文 | |
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155
desultory
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| adj.散漫的，无方法的 | |
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156
carnival
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| n.嘉年华会，狂欢，狂欢节，巡回表演 | |
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157
sojourn
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| v./n.旅居，寄居；逗留 | |
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158
pall
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| v.覆盖，使平淡无味；n.柩衣，棺罩；棺材；帷幕 | |
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159
chambers
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| n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅 | |
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160
abodes
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| 住所( abode的名词复数 )； 公寓； （在某地的）暂住； 逗留 | |
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161
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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162
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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163
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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164
diversified
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| adj.多样化的，多种经营的v.使多样化，多样化( diversify的过去式和过去分词 )；进入新的商业领域 | |
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165
bustling
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| adj.喧闹的 | |
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166
panorama
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| n.全景，全景画，全景摄影，全景照片[装置] | |
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167
motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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168
promenades
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| n.人行道( promenade的名词复数 )；散步场所；闲逛v.兜风( promenade的第三人称单数 ) | |
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169
syllable
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| n.音节；vt.分音节 | |
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170
grotesque
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| adj.怪诞的，丑陋的；n.怪诞的图案，怪人（物） | |
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171
debtor
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| n.借方，债务人 | |
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172
inmates
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| n.囚犯( inmate的名词复数 ) | |
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173
vehemence
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| n.热切；激烈；愤怒 | |
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174
indemnity
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| n.赔偿，赔款，补偿金 | |
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175
wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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176
anecdote
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| n.轶事，趣闻，短故事 | |
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177
derive
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| v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自 | |
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178
derives
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| v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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179
penitent
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|
| adj.后悔的；n.后悔者；忏悔者 | |
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180
barons
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| 男爵( baron的名词复数 )； 巨头； 大王； 大亨 | |
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181
denizens
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| n.居民，住户( denizen的名词复数 ) | |
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182
creditors
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| n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 ) | |
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183
vividly
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| adv.清楚地，鲜明地，生动地 | |
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184
strut
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| v.肿胀，鼓起；大摇大摆地走；炫耀；支撑；撑开；n.高视阔步；支柱，撑杆 | |
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185
preservation
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| n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持 | |
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186
ramble
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| v.漫步，漫谈，漫游；n.漫步，闲谈，蔓延 | |
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187
abiding
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| adj.永久的，持久的，不变的 | |
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188
dome
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| n.圆屋顶，拱顶 | |
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189
apathy
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| n.漠不关心，无动于衷；冷淡 | |
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190
reluctance
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| n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿 | |
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191
zigzag
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| n.曲折，之字形；adj.曲折的，锯齿形的；adv.曲折地，成锯齿形地；vt.使曲折；vi.曲折前行 | |
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192
bespeaking
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| v.预定( bespeak的现在分词 )；订（货）；证明；预先请求 | |
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193
thrift
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| adj.节约，节俭；n.节俭，节约 | |
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194
bleak
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| adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的 | |
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195
obtrudes
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| v.强行向前，强行，强迫( obtrude的第三人称单数 ) | |
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196
antiquities
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| n.古老( antiquity的名词复数 )；古迹；古人们；古代的风俗习惯 | |
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197
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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198
loom
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| n.织布机，织机；v.隐现，(危险、忧虑等)迫近 | |
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199
counteracted
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| 对抗，抵消( counteract的过去式 ) | |
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200
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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201
glossy
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| adj.平滑的；有光泽的 | |
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202
fabrics
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| 织物( fabric的名词复数 )； 布； 构造； （建筑物的）结构（如墙、地面、屋顶）：质地 | |
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203
attenuated
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| v.（使）变细( attenuate的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）变薄；（使）变小；减弱 | |
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204
wretches
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| n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋 | |
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205
wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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206
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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207
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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208
pittance
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| n.微薄的薪水，少量 | |
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209
reverted
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| 恢复( revert的过去式和过去分词 )； 重提； 回到…上； 归还 | |
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210
mule
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| n.骡子，杂种，执拗的人 | |
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211
attest
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| vt.证明，证实；表明 | |
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212
deception
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| n.欺骗，欺诈；骗局，诡计 | |
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213
perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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214
foaming
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| adj.布满泡沫的；发泡 | |
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215
smoothly
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| adv.平滑地，顺利地，流利地，流畅地 | |
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216
annihilated
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| v.（彻底）消灭( annihilate的过去式和过去分词 )；使无效；废止；彻底击溃 | |
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217
tilt
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| v.(使)倾侧；(使)倾斜；n.倾侧；倾斜 | |
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218
surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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219
hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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220
alpine
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| adj.高山的；n.高山植物 | |
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221
graphic
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| adj.生动的，形象的，绘画的，文字的，图表的 | |
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222
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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223
slant
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| v.倾斜，倾向性地编写或报道；n.斜面，倾向 | |
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224
projections
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| 预测( projection的名词复数 )； 投影； 投掷； 突起物 | |
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225
hoarsely
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| adv.嘶哑地 | |
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226
brawled
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| 打架，争吵( brawl的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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227
devious
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| adj.不坦率的，狡猾的；迂回的，曲折的 | |
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228
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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229
sublimity
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| 崇高，庄严，气质高尚 | |
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230
avalanche
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| n.雪崩，大量涌来 | |
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231
laborer
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| n.劳动者，劳工 | |
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232
jaded
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| adj.精疲力竭的；厌倦的；（因过饱或过多而）腻烦的；迟钝的 | |
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233
guise
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| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
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234
sprained
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| v.&n. 扭伤 | |
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235
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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236
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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237
dozing
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| v.打瞌睡,假寐 n.瞌睡 | |
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238
regularity
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| n.规律性，规则性；匀称，整齐 | |
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239
refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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240
mendicant
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| n.乞丐；adj.行乞的 | |
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241
abound
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| vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于 | |
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242
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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243
supplicating
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| v.祈求，哀求，恳求( supplicate的现在分词 ) | |
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244
sockets
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| n.套接字，使应用程序能够读写与收发通讯协定(protocol)与资料的程序( Socket的名词复数 )；孔( socket的名词复数 )；（电器上的）插口；托座；凹穴 | |
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245
imploring
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| 恳求的，哀求的 | |
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246
dole
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| n.救济，（失业）救济金；vt.（out）发放，发给 | |
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247
brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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248
inscription
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| n.（尤指石块上的）刻印文字，铭文，碑文 | |
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249
license
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| n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许 | |
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250
enveloped
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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251
incense
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| v.激怒；n.香，焚香时的烟，香气 | |
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252
sumptuous
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| adj.豪华的，奢侈的，华丽的 | |
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253
sumptuously
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| 奢侈地，豪华地 | |
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254
ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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255
strapping
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| adj. 魁伟的, 身材高大健壮的 n. 皮绳或皮带的材料, 裹伤胶带, 皮鞭 动词strap的现在分词形式 | |
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256
groaning
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|
| adj. 呜咽的, 呻吟的 动词groan的现在分词形式 | |
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257
mien
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| n.风采；态度 | |
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258
placid
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|
| adj.安静的，平和的 | |
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259
interceding
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| v.斡旋，调解( intercede的现在分词 )；说情 | |
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260
prostrate
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|
| v.拜倒，平卧，衰竭；adj.拜倒的，平卧的，衰竭的 | |
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261
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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262
equestrian
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|
| adj.骑马的；n.马术 | |
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263
majesty
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|
| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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264
allude
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|
| v.提及，暗指 | |
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265
swelling
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| n.肿胀 | |
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266
counterfeit
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|
| vt.伪造，仿造；adj.伪造的，假冒的 | |
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267
distended
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| v.（使）膨胀，肿胀( distend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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268
nostrils
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| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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269
scenic
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| adj.自然景色的，景色优美的 | |
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270
twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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271
complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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272
underneath
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|
| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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273
touching
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|
| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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274
renowned
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|
| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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275
rites
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| 仪式，典礼( rite的名词复数 ) | |
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276
posture
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| n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势 | |
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277
patriotic
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|
| adj.爱国的，有爱国心的 | |
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278
ardor
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| n.热情，狂热 | |
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279
allied
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|
| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
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280
legacy
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| n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西 | |
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281
marvel
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| vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异；n.令人惊异的事 | |
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282
reined
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|
| 勒缰绳使（马）停步( rein的过去式和过去分词 )； 驾驭； 严格控制； 加强管理 | |
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283
bosom
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|
| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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284
slung
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| 抛( sling的过去式和过去分词 )； 吊挂； 遣送； 押往 | |
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285
fixed
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|
| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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286
absurdity
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|
| n.荒谬，愚蠢；谬论 | |
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287
perusal
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| n.细读，熟读；目测 | |
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288
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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289
serene
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| adj. 安详的，宁静的，平静的 | |
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290
brooks
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| n.小溪( brook的名词复数 ) | |
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291
wondrously
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|
| adv.惊奇地，非常，极其 | |
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292
consolidated
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| a.联合的 | |
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293
edifying
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|
| adj.有教训意味的，教训性的，有益的v.开导，启发( edify的现在分词 ) | |
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294
citation
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|
| n.引用，引证，引用文；传票 | |
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295
siesta
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| n.午睡 | |
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296
shrubs
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| 灌木( shrub的名词复数 ) | |
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297
profusely
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| ad.abundantly | |
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298
profuse
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|
| adj.很多的，大量的，极其丰富的 | |
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299
rapture
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|
| n.狂喜；全神贯注；着迷；v.使狂喜 | |
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300
joyous
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|
| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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301
tranquillity
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|
| n. 平静, 安静 | |
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302
waft
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|
| v.飘浮，飘荡；n.一股；一阵微风；飘荡 | |
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303
swoop
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|
| n.俯冲，攫取；v.抓取，突然袭击 | |
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304
torrents
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|
| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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305
precipices
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|
| n.悬崖，峭壁( precipice的名词复数 ) | |
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306
beheld
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|
| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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307
hymn
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|
| n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌 | |
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308
grassy
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|
| adj.盖满草的；长满草的 | |
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309
cascade
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|
| n.小瀑布，喷流；层叠；vi.成瀑布落下 | |
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310
sublime
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|
| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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311
forth
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|
| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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312
recital
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|
| n.朗诵，独奏会，独唱会 | |
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313
liturgy
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|
| n.礼拜仪式 | |
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314
theatrical
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|
| adj.剧场的，演戏的；做戏似的，做作的 | |
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315
theatricals
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|
| n.（业余性的）戏剧演出，舞台表演艺术；职业演员；戏剧的( theatrical的名词复数 )；剧场的；炫耀的；戏剧性的 | |
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316
solicited
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|
| v.恳求( solicit的过去式和过去分词 )；（指娼妇）拉客；索求；征求 | |
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317
obviated
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|
| v.避免，消除（贫困、不方便等）( obviate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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318
advert
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|
| vi.注意，留意，言及；n.广告 | |
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319
gratitude
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|
| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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320
peculiarities
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|
| n. 特质, 特性, 怪癖, 古怪 | |
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321
conveyance
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|
| n.(不动产等的)转让，让与；转让证书；传送；运送；表达；（正）运输工具 | |
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322
spherical
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|
| adj.球形的；球面的 | |
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323
dubbed
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|
| v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制 | |
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324
astonishment
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|
| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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325
mantle
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|
| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
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326
reverence
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|
| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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327
commodious
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|
| adj.宽敞的；使用方便的 | |
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328
shuffled
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|
| v.洗（纸牌）( shuffle的过去式和过去分词 )；拖着脚步走；粗心地做；摆脱尘世的烦恼 | |
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329
Fahrenheit
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|
| n./adj.华氏温度；华氏温度计(的) | |
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330
perspiration
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|
| n.汗水；出汗 | |
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331
descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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332
fragrant
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|
| adj.芬香的，馥郁的，愉快的 | |
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333
twigs
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| 细枝，嫩枝( twig的名词复数 ) | |
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334
deluged
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|
| v.使淹没( deluge的过去式和过去分词 )；淹没；被洪水般涌来的事物所淹没；穷于应付 | |
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335
probation
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|
| n.缓刑(期)，(以观后效的)察看；试用(期) | |
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336
purgatory
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|
| n.炼狱；苦难；adj.净化的，清洗的 | |
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337
draught
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|
| n.拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风；v.起草，设计 | |
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338
oysters
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| 牡蛎( oyster的名词复数 ) | |
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339
relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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340
ERECTED
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|
| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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341
inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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342
condemned
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|
| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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343
deity
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|
| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
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344
azure
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| adj.天蓝色的，蔚蓝色的 | |
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345
imposing
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|
| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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346
conflagration
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|
| n.建筑物或森林大火 | |
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347
boor
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|
| n.举止粗野的人；乡下佬 | |
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348
grunted
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|
| （猪等）作呼噜声( grunt的过去式和过去分词 )； （指人）发出类似的哼声； 咕哝着说 | |
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349
browbeaten
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|
| v.（以言辞或表情）威逼，恫吓( browbeat的过去分词 ) | |
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350
brazen
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|
| adj.厚脸皮的，无耻的，坚硬的 | |
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351
molestation
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|
| n.骚扰，干扰，调戏；折磨 | |
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352
domes
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|
| n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 )；像圆屋顶一样的东西；圆顶体育场 | |
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353
varied
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|
| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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354
minarets
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|
| n.（清真寺旁由报告祈祷时刻的人使用的）光塔( minaret的名词复数 ) | |
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355
ponderous
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|
| adj.沉重的，笨重的，(文章)冗长的 | |
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356
illuminated
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|
| adj.被照明的；受启迪的 | |
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357
turrets
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|
| （六角）转台( turret的名词复数 )； （战舰和坦克等上的）转动炮塔； （摄影机等上的）镜头转台； （旧时攻城用的）塔车 | |
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358
wrought
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|
| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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359
foliage
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|
| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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360
gems
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|
| growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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361
plodded
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| v.沉重缓慢地走（路）( plod的过去式和过去分词 )；努力从事；沉闷地苦干；缓慢进行（尤指艰难枯燥的工作） | |
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362
proprietors
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| n.所有人，业主( proprietor的名词复数 ) | |
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363
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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364
conversion
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| n.转化，转换，转变 | |
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365
celebrity
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| n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望 | |
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366
scrupulously
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| adv.一丝不苟地；小心翼翼地，多顾虑地 | |
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367
mosque
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| n.清真寺 | |
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368
dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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369
cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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370
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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371
billiards
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| n.台球 | |
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372
vivacity
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| n.快活，活泼，精神充沛 | |
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373
poetic
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| adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的 | |
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374
glamour
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| n.魔力，魅力；vt.迷住 | |
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375
penetrate
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| v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解 | |
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376
Moslem
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| n.回教徒，穆罕默德信徒；adj.回教徒的，回教的 | |
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377
wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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378
mosques
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| 清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 ) | |
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379
cypresses
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| n.柏属植物，柏树( cypress的名词复数 ) | |
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380
spouting
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| n.水落管系统v.（指液体）喷出( spout的现在分词 )；滔滔不绝地讲；喋喋不休地说；喷水 | |
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381
ripple
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| n.涟波，涟漪，波纹，粗钢梳；vt.使...起涟漪，使起波纹； vi.呈波浪状，起伏前进 | |
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382
barge
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| n.平底载货船，驳船 | |
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383
awnings
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| 篷帐布 | |
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384
inscriptions
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| （作者）题词( inscription的名词复数 )； 献词； 碑文； 证劵持有人的登记 | |
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385
divan
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| n.长沙发；（波斯或其他东方诗人的）诗集 | |
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386
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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387
conjure
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| v.恳求，祈求；变魔术，变戏法 | |
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388
posterity
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| n.后裔，子孙，后代 | |
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389
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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390
mouldering
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| v.腐朽( moulder的现在分词 )；腐烂，崩塌 | |
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391
skulls
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| 颅骨( skull的名词复数 )； 脑袋； 脑子； 脑瓜 | |
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392
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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393
glide
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| n./v.溜，滑行；(时间)消逝 | |
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394
missionary
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| adj.教会的，传教(士)的；n.传教士 | |
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395
accosted
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| v.走过去跟…讲话( accost的过去式和过去分词 )；跟…搭讪；（乞丐等）上前向…乞讨；（妓女等）勾搭 | |
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396
amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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397
hearth
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| n.壁炉炉床，壁炉地面 | |
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398
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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399
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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400
sketches
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| n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概 | |
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401
epitome
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| n.典型，梗概 | |
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402
dominions
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| 统治权( dominion的名词复数 )； 领土； 疆土； 版图 | |
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403
onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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404
painstaking
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| adj.苦干的；艰苦的，费力的，刻苦的 | |
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405
fatigues
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| n.疲劳( fatigue的名词复数 )；杂役；厌倦；（士兵穿的）工作服 | |
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406
checkered
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| adj.有方格图案的 | |
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407
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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408
hordes
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| n.移动着的一大群( horde的名词复数 )；部落 | |
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409
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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410
labored
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| adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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411
rigor
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| n.严酷，严格，严厉 | |
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412
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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413
arduous
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| adj.艰苦的，费力的，陡峭的 | |
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414
uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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415
lodge
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| v.临时住宿，寄宿，寄存，容纳；n.传达室，小旅馆 | |
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416
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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417
cemetery
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| n.坟墓，墓地，坟场 | |
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418
slab
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| n.平板，厚的切片；v.切成厚板，以平板盖上 | |
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419
hues
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| 色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点 | |
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420
fragrance
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| n.芬芳，香味，香气 | |
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421
shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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422
mused
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的过去式和过去分词 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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423
suffused
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| v.（指颜色、水气等）弥漫于，布满( suffuse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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424
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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425
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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426
remorse
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| n.痛恨，悔恨，自责 | |
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427
sneer
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| v.轻蔑；嘲笑；n.嘲笑，讥讽的言语 | |
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428
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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429
spine
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| n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊 | |
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430
saturated
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| a.饱和的，充满的 | |
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431
amorous
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| adj.多情的；有关爱情的 | |
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432
drench
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| v.使淋透，使湿透 | |
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433
potency
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| n. 效力，潜能 | |
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434
revelling
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| v.作乐( revel的现在分词 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉 | |
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435
exempted
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| 使免除[豁免]( exempt的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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436
ambrosia
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| n.神的食物；蜂食 | |
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437
bosoms
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| 胸部( bosom的名词复数 )； 胸怀； 女衣胸部（或胸襟）； 和爱护自己的人在一起的情形 | |
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438
ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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439
citizenship
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| n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份) | |
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